Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Histoire militaire – Colombie – 20e siècle'
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Camacho, Arango Carlos Humberto. "Le Conflit de Leticia (1932-1933) et les armées du Pérou et de la Colombie : histoire-récit, histoire comparée, histoire croisée." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010514.
Full textAtehortúa, Cruz Adolfo León. "Militaires et civils : modernisation et professionnalisation de l'armée en Colombie, 1907-1958." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0095.
Full textUnder the premise that "social actors always become engaged in continuous strength testing", this research exhibits the happenings of Colombian military throughout the first half of the 20th century. The modernization and professionalization process in the army shows to key aspects: the building of the nation, entangled to the creation of The State, and the permanent imbrication between civilians and the military, conducing to the dominance of the former over the latter by means of politics and parties. The most profound conditions of Colombian society are exposed this way, as well as the crisis of the establishment, which accounts for it's endemic violence
Ortiz, Bernal José Afranio. "Les rébellions paysannes en Colombie : histoire et question agraire (1920-1990)." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA08A002.
Full textIn this study, we are more interested in the history of the social actors than in the history of the state. Our objective is making the difference between each other even though they are intermixed. We are working on the principle that men and economy are the producers of politics, and as a consequence make the history and the ideologies society is made of. We want to reinstate the farmer world and the farmer class in society, to know their vision of the world, their behaviors and values, their organization and their extended fight through its vital lead: soil and rebelion. Other questions come when Colombians and foreigners touch on the country. What have been the causes of the invicibility of the Colombian guerilla for more than 35 years? What is the real disability of agricultural production in a country whose economy had lived on coffee for a long time and that got industrialized thanks to it? Why and how did illegal cultivation grow in the country? Why is there an extended and permanent war that has caused so much violence and made it possible to raise huge fortunes? Why is there impunity and political/democratical blockade in a country that knew only a few military coups? This set of questions urges us on going more about the national problem through the social conflicts and, in particular, the development and the public action of the farmer class
Arango, López Diego. "Villes capitales en projet : histoire comparative de l'urbanisme moderne : Bogota Buenos Aires. 1920-1955." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0058.
Full textThis research analyzes the simultaneous establishment of three urbanism projects in Bogota and three projects in Buenos Aires between 1920 and 1955. It explores the general characteristics of urbanism projects themselves and seeks primarily to understand the political and social transformations of both cities throughout the history of the projects within this time period. The comparative perspective used here required research in différent archives and libraries of Bogota, Buenos Aires and Paris. A diverse documentary corpus has been constituted with technical, administrative, political, personal, journalistic and other documents. This research allows us to understand how the establishment of similar projects triggers divergent social developments in two different societies. It also analyzes the power struggles between different social and political associations, with focus on the mechanisms used to reinforce their social standing and their action strategies. The research contributes to the reflection on the process of co-production of modem urbanism and proposes a new mode of analysis to understand the urban history of Latin America
Sánchez, G. Gonzalo. "Guerres, mémoire et histoire en Colombie." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0118.
Full textIn response to growing interest and the need to address the political administration of memory, this study explores the singular nature of the Colombian case in which the cult of memory is marked by a striking ambiguity: on the one hand, a long history of unresolved wars; while, on the other, the recurring practice of unlimited amnesties which nowadays come up against a universal demand of justice for war victims. Within this context, Colombia's current situation is extremely interesting due to its tradition, exceptional with the Latin American context, of wars and violence. The study of Colombia's tradition of war and violence should contribute to expanding comprehension regarding contemporary conflict. Our research is guided by the following questions : What are the marks to be seen in our national history? How are they incorporated into our language? How do we represent them and how do they condition the present? What restrictions does the universalization of the way memory is addressed impose on our own memory?
Sīmū, Bahīǧaẗ. "L'Islah au Maroc : réformes militaires de 1844 à 1912." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040306.
Full textIn the nineteenth century, as the supremacy of Europe is asserting itself towards the Islamic world, the Arab orient is marked by the nahda (reawakening) and the reformist movement; this movement has similarities to salafism or modernism, according to the kind of domination, ottoman or European. As for Morocco, after the defeat of Isly, its sovereignty being threatened, it has to face a dilemma: undertake modernist reforms imposed by the political context or maintain traditionalism because of the social structure of the country. Such is the problem of reforms in Morocco, which tries to reconcile the two. This position entails a certain complexity, and the political aim of islah is ambiguous. While Morocco intended to prevent any colonization, the European countries which were participating to its modernization were in fact preparing the way for colonial penetration. Our investigation includes an analysis of the military reforms and of the different political and religious conceptions that could be seen in Morocco at the time. We also try to show how the military reforms have turned to something different from what the government aimed at. The association of foreign elements reverses the situation: an attempt of islah ends in colonial penetration and the foreign missions become spy agencies working for. .
Garcia, Garcia Victor Manuel. "La construction et la régulation du marché des médicaments en Colombie (1914-1971) : contribution à une histoire de la mondialisation du médicament." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0178.
Full textBased on the analysis of documentary sources from Colombian national archives, documents from pharmaceutical laboratories and the national and international press, this thesis studies the emergence of the pharmaceutical industry and the regulation of the drug market in Colombia during the 20th century between 1914 and 1971. The thesis shows how, during the mentioned period, the State was a fundamental actor regarding the regulation in the quality of pharmacology, promoting industrialization and local pharmaceutical production and increasing access to treatments. The first part of the thesis examines the configuration of a national pharmaceutical market, through the process of transformation of pharmacies into pharmaceutical companies and the emergence of pharmaceuticals as a public health problem that should be regulated. The thesis shows the scope of the private laboratory creation movement since the first decades of the 20th century. It analyzes the creation of a national laboratory for biological and pharmaceutical products with the cooperation of the Rockefeller Foundation in 1926, the Samper Martínez laboratory. This public laboratory became a fundamental tool for pharmaceutical regulation in Colombia. The thesis describes the exchanges between scientific immigrants, international philanthropy, industrialists and the Colombian State that allowed the emergence of a very active local industry.The second part of the thesis analyzes the state policy of the 1940s to strengthen and regulate the pharmaceutical industry in the field of chemistry and biological products. It examines the expropriation policy of German laboratories during the Second World War and the regulation of the controversial biological products of a Spanish company in the context of a state influenced by pharmaceutical interests.The third part of the thesis studies the policy of the Colombian State to create a generic drug market at the beginning of the 1960s, in direct relation to the debate introduced in the United States on drug prices and patent regulation by Senator Estes Kefauver. The compilation of the oral testimony of Dr José Félix Patiño, Minister of Health in that period, as well as the analysis of the public debate in Colombia, provides valuable information on the history of generic drugs. The presence of a new generic drug industry encouraged governments to undertake a reform of the pharmaceutical patent system in 1971, in parallel with reforms carried out at the same time in Brazil and India
A partir del análisis de fuentes documentales provenientes de archivos nacionales colombianos, documentos de laboratorios farmacéuticos y de la prensa nacional e internacional, esta tesis estudia la emergencia de la industria farmacéutica y la regulación del mercado de medicamentos en Colombia durante el siglo XX entre 1914 y 1971. La tesis da cuenta de cómo el Estado se constituyó durante este período como actor fundamental en la regulación de la calidad de los medicamentos en circulación, incentiva la industrialización y la producción farmacéutica local y amplia el acceso a los tratamientos. La primera parte de la tesis examina la configuración de un mercado nacional de medicamentos, a través del proceso de transformación de las farmacias en empresas farmacéuticas y del surgimiento del medicamento como un problema de salud pública que debía ser regulado. La tesis muestra el alcance del movimiento de creación de laboratorios privados desde las primeras décadas del siglo XX y analiza la creación de un laboratorio nacional de productos biológicos y farmacéuticos con la ayuda de la Fundación Rockefeller en 1926, el laboratorio Samper Martínez. Este laboratorio público se convirtió en una herramienta fundamental para la regulación farmacéutica en Colombia. La tesis describe los intercambios entre inmigrantes científicos, filantropía internacional, industriales y el Estado colombiano que permitieron el surgimiento de una industria local muy activa. La segunda parte de la tesis analiza la política estatal de la década de 1940 para fortalecer y regular la industria farmacéutica en el campo de la química farmacéutica y los productos biológicos. Examina la política de expropiación a los laboratorios alemanes durante la segunda guerra mundial y la regulación de los polémicos productos biológicos de una empresa española en el contexto de un estado influenciado por intereses farmacéuticos. La tercera parte de la tesis estudia la política del Estado colombiano para crear un mercado de medicamentos genéricos a principios de la década de 1960, en relación directa con el debate introducido en Estados Unidos sobre los precios de los medicamentos y la regulación de patentes por el senador Estes Kefauver. Gracias a la recopilación del testimonio oral del Dr. José Félix Patiño, Ministro de Salud en ese periodo, así como al análisis del debate público en Colombia, la tesis brinda información valiosa sobre la historia de los medicamentos genéricos. La presencia de una nueva industria de medicamentos genéricos alentó a los gobiernos a emprender una reforma al sistema de patentes farmacéuticas en 1971, en paralelo con las reformas llevadas a cabo al mismo tiempo en Brasil y la India
Lesourd, Emmanuel. "Le développement du système d'arme aéromobile de 1945 à 1991." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010586.
Full textPardo, Florez Fernando Alexei. "La décentralisation de l'Etat en Colombie : Evolution d'une politique publique." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020060.
Full textMussa, Carlos. "Les conflits au Mozambique : la longue marche vers la liberté, 1930-1992." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT5024.
Full textThis study designed to respond to the present student generation's needs and questions regarding the nature of the conflicts in Mozambique today. The objective is first, to make a study about the colonialism and the Mozambican nationalism (1930-1963), the struggle of independance and the civil war in Mozambique (1964-1974). This text has three parts : the history of the colonialism and the Mozambican nationalism (1930-1963), the history of the independence struggle in Mozambique and its conflicts (1964-1974), the history of the civil war in Mozambique and the Mozambican socialism (1977-1992)
Meskini, Mohammed. "Aspects juridiques de l'intervention armée syrienne au Liban (1976-1978)." Nancy 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN20010.
Full textThe international contemporary law is distinguished by prohibition of intervention especially when it takes the shape of a resort to armed force. By sending its stroops in Lebanon in June 1976 Syrie had in meantine the admissibility of its intervention infering from several considerations between the will to give a end at a fratricidal clash, the wish to take in account various entreaties, the determination of not being restlessby an international plot and exercise national arabic duty appear as the more decissive. After an analysis constrained by the examination of the facts and the wording of the legal rules these motives come to light, nevertheless unfit for giving a coherent and valid foundation to the Syrian intervention and appear as alibis aimed at disguising the Syrian will to exert un straightened guardianship on Lebanon. Confronted at the situation created by the Syrian intervention the Arab league had not taken refuge in wordiness. Breaking with a traditional passivity it succeeds to move towards an operational conseiving and to create a power for keeping the peace. The study of the mission trusted to that last and the observance of conditions which still presited its application urge on scepticism. Destined to make easier the search of peace and centred on the wish to give a end to the Syrian interference in the Lebany's clash the action of the Arab league has not fill his part and has just succed at last to consolidate the pressure of Syrie on Lebanon exerted consecutively at its military intervention
Dupont, Vincent. "De la Belle Époque au putsch d'Alger, évolution politico-militaire d'une génération d'officiers français." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0050.
Full textThis work aims to understand the evolution of a French officers generation born between 1888 and 1898 and who will become generals going back to the origins of these men, the education they received, in order to grasp the full relief of their engagements during their military career and more widely in their lives, until the wars of decolonization where they were at the head of the French army. These officers have indeed gone through an unusual time, that of the 20th century made of political and military crises and more directly of wars where their role became more and more important, helping to assert their political and military identity. If some of them still have streets with their names, to study their history and that, less known, of many of their comrades, allows to grasp the evolution of this group of individuals from a prosopographic angle, and to illuminate both the history of the French officer corps in the 20th century, but also, more broadly, the politico-military history of France through their eyes during this period
Pellistrandi, Jérôme. "La transformation de l'institution militaire espagnole des années 1940 à nos jours." Paris, EPHE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EPHE4009.
Full textThe spanish military institution has faced a deep mutation since the Civil war. Central Pillar of the national-catholic regime, the armed forces were obliged to assume a transformation, from the control of the internal security, fully isolated on the international scene, to a modern and performing tool fully integrated in the atlantic Alliance and participating in operation overseas. This transformation was boosted since the Transition occurred after the death of the Caudillo. Heiress of a complex past, where its politic role was central, the military institution was able to rely on the officer's corps better educated than before, and where the cohesion was organized by and for the Caudillo and his values. The technical adn doctrinal support given by the United States, at the beginning of the 50th, was based on the geographical location of the Iberia peninsula, a useful area against the soviet threat. The importance of education and training was high, permitting for the officers to be more competent than in the last decades. This priority for the education and the officers of all ranks is due to General Franco, either as director of the military Academy in the 30th than as Chief of State. From 1988, the Spanish government started to send military detachments in operations overseas, using the new normality obtained by all the numerous reforms including the end of the conscription and the recruitment of volunteers. Today, Spain has performed, professional forces, integrated in NATO which are one of the tools of the foreign policy of Madrid
Berthiau, Jean André. "Des maîtres entretenus aux ingénieurs : formation professionnelle et enseignement technique dans les arsenaux et établissements de la Marine (1819-1871)." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040042.
Full textAt the beginning of the XIXth century, the navy maintained, in its arsenals, a certain number of "masters" in each profession for the building and the upkeep of the fleet. Their pay was annual, today they would be said to have a "unfixed term contract". The "maistrance" includes the "maitres entretenus" and the "contre-maitres", the latter being laborers. In 1819, a specific education is set up in the harbors for the workers intended to the "maistrance". The technical changes in shipbuilding bring about adaptations in programs and re-organizations of the schools, notably in 1868, with the setting up of two teaching levels. In 1912, the "maistrance" schools become the arsenals' technical schools, and stay scattered in the harbors. The creation, in 1934, of the ETSM certified engineer diploma marks the recognition of the quality of the teaching provided in the higher technical school. A real higher school is born with the single establishment at Aurillac in 1943, moving to Brest-Pontanézen in 1949. The higher technical school is replaced in 1971 by ENSIETA, thus losing its specialty of shipbuilding with the last year ETSM 68 and the first year ENSI 71…
Pau-Heyriès, Béatrix. "Le transfert des corps des militaires de la Grande Guerre : étude comparée France-Italie 1914-1939." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30058.
Full textAt the beginning of the war, transporting bodies was forbidden in France and Italy on the battle-fields. Death was a matter of State. As the latter, french and italian States refused nameless bodies, they decided to pay attention to military losses. In spite of all these efforts, nothing was done at the end of the war. Both latin States had to look for their dead soldiers on the battle-fields : burials, placing in the coffin, body-transportation, and re-burials in the war cemetaries. On order to deal with numerous expectations from the families and to ensure equality of all to the death, the bodies were sent back home at the expense of the State
Al-Garni, Ahmad. "Les stratégies militaires de la guerre de libération du Koweït, 1990-1991." Paris, EPHE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPHE499C.
Full textMohammad-Jassim, Jamal. "Les rivalites maritimes des etats du proche-orient. "aspects politiques et juridiques"." Rennes 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN11018.
Full textCaroline, D'Amours. "Les fusiliers Mont-Royal au débarquement de Dieppe : doctrine et entraînement au Canada et en Angleterre, 1939-1942." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21015.
Full textAriza, González Carolina. "Une mémoire à l'oeuvre : résurgences artistiques de la "petite histoire" en Colombie." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H300/document.
Full textThis research explores the multiple possible significations of catastrophes that shook Colombia in the l 980's and the l 990's, and the role of the "artist historians" in the process of healing the wounds it left behind. Traces of these tragedies will be followed up by means of autobiographical elements in order to bridge the gap between individual memories and Colombia's History. The starting point for this enquiry is my persona! artistic work and the work of other Colombian artists, most of them born in the 1960's and having produced fundamental artworks elaborating on the process of remembering. The word "disappearances" in the specific Colombian context steers its way amongst the chapters of recent History and reappears in cyclical fashion as the phenomenon of "forced disappearances", which can be followed up though the periods of violence in Colombia since La Violencia "the period of Violence" in the l 950's. The word "disappearance" will reappear when contemplating events like the fate of the "stolen children'' during the Armero catastrophe, caused by the eruption of a volcano, or the mysterious disappearance of eleven persons during the military takeover of the Palace of Justice in Bogota (both happened in November 1985), or the thousands of anonymous "disappeared", many of which were carried off by the rivers, leaving the Colombian society in the impossibility to bury it's dead in order to start a process of grieving and armistice. Finally the word "disappearance" will echo the "disappearance of evidences" and the "leaking archives" perpetrated with impunity by Colombian officials, thereby intentionally inhibiting the reconstruction of collective memory
Roldán, Sánchez José David. "Luis Carlos Figueroa (1923) : parcours d'un compositeur et pianiste colombien." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0118.
Full textThe Twentieth Century in Latin America is marked by a willingness of composers to find voices that can reflect the identity of the young American nations in trying, at the same time, to detacl themselves from the European continent. Paradoxically, this quest will be through a mix of folk traditions and and traditions of Western classical music. The musical work of Luis Carlos Figueroa (Born in Cali, Colombia, in 1923) is the "vertébral column" of this thesis. In the second half of the Twentieth Century, he can be regarded as the successor of his profesor, the composer and pianist Antonio Maria Valencia (1902-1952). Following his advice, Figueroa lived in Paris between 1950 and 1959, to complète his musical training; and then he settled permanently in Cali and continued the cultural action initiated by his mentor. Our research work, characterized by its interdisciplinarity, is divided in two working axes: On one hand, a work of analysis of a biography, where we mobilize some concepts and tools from the social sciences, to understand the development of a composer and pianist career in relation to his many contexts (social, cultural and political). On the other hand, a work of rediscovery and musical analysis of the work of Luis Carlos Figueroa, to understand his musical language, its évolution and the différent styles and influences that can be found in his work
Rihana, Sami. "Aux origines de l'armée libanaise contemporaine : 1916-1946." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040308.
Full textGéré, François. "La pensée et la politique militaire françaises sous la quatrième République, de la guerre totale à la guerre révolutionnaire : conception et emploi de l'arme psychologique." Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030119.
Full textLessons of the two world wars lead the french military towards a conception of total war. The discovery of revolutionnary warfare in indochina give the psychological weapon a key role which develops in new operationnal methods during the algerian war
Paulhiac, Perez Juan Camilo. "Les (dés)accords de la Champeta : musique, spectacle médiatique et politiques de réconciliation nationale en Colombie entre 1991 et 2011." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083511.
Full textThis thesis reports on the transformation of creative and discursive regimes of the musical and spectacular phenomenon of champeta in Colombia between 1991 and 2011. Firstly, we analyze the development of a "cultural system" (Geertz 1983) around champeta music through the interactions of the Colombian press, academic papers, cultural administrations, and the music industry. We study the transformation of champeta’s cultural status, from a « popular » music into a « multicultural » phenomenon as a response to the social expectations engendered by the social history of violence in Colombia and in the context of the development of Colombian cultural policies after the 1991 constitutional reform. Afterwards, we put into perspective champeta’s cultural status from a pragmatic point of view. Taking the informal sector of the music market in the city of Cartagena as a case study, we analyze the Internet’s impact on local production of champeta. We observe how aesthetic inventions and commercial innovations emerge as digital communication technologies evolve, making music production viable in this context. Altogether, these various questions retrace the journey of a "local" spectacular and musical phenomenon through the economic, aesthetic, political and technological scales that characterize its "global" mediation
Aymar, Olivier. "Moustapha Barzani dans l'histoire du Kurdistan." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100160.
Full textBorn in an extremely troubled period, and imprisoned with his mother when he was 8 months old. Mr. Barzani led a similar life to that of this tribe which fought fiercely and for many years the ottoman and anglo-iraqui authorities. Not much of a scholar, bat very well versed in the art of war, Mr. Barzani became famous when he escaped in 1943 from the place where he was in exile. From that date on, he took in hand the fate of his tribe and led the fighting to take over certain areas. Pursued by the Iraqi, Iranian and Turkish armies, Mr. Barzani had to go into exile again to the Ussr, where he spent nearly 12 years of his life, before coming back home. It became possible for Mr. Barzani to return to his nature land when A. K. Kassem seized power in Iraq, on July 14th 1958. A. K. Kassem allowed Barzani his men to return to Iraq. He recognized the existence of the Kurds and granted them a form of autonomy. The Barzani returned to Iraq in October 1958. The founder of the democrat party of Iraq Kurdistan, Barzani was elected president as soon after his return. Then his struggle for the autonomy of Kurdistan began. He got some formed of autonomy from the successive Iraqi governments
Fournier, Ismaël. "La préparation pré-déploiement de l'infanterie canadienne avant le débarquement allié en Sicile : doctrine et entraînement des armées canadiennes et allemandes 1919-1944." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26015.
Full textHerbet, Dominique. ""Die neue Zeitung" : un journal américain pour la population allemande - 1945-1949." Valenciennes, 1996. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/643e6e46-59ae-4ab3-acf6-bdec17f77273.
Full text"Die neue Zeitung", a german language newspaper (1945-1949) has been a very important part of the US-programm in Germany and was from the beginning, directed frankly to the presentation of american policies to german readers
Daget, Serge. "Les croisières françaises de répression de la traite des noirs sur les côtes occidentales de l'Afrique (1818-1850)." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040303.
Full textThe effect which the french cruisers had on the suppression of the african slave trade cannot be understood unless one first takes into account the forces to be curbed. Although slave trading was made illegal in France in 1818, french and west indian slavers did not hesitate to continue their trading without arousing any strong official reaction, even though repressive measures had been taken on the west african coast. Social, cultural, political and diplomatic conditions, as well as economic ones, explain the continued existence of an enterprise that had already lasted more than a century. Consequently, the question is to know how the repressive agents are going to operate on the african coast, and, if their results are not obvious, why not ? French cruisers, at first ineffectual, comply more and more with their duties: they capture national slavers that are judged and condemned. After a long policy of patience and denunciations, England in 1831 secures what she has been claiming in vain: an official co-operation of the royal navy with the french one in order to fight against the slavers. It is then a third french abolition law results in the ending of the national slave trade. We are therefore confronted with the paradox that a theoretically efficient system has no object to justify. An idyllic situation is brought about by an untraceable slave trade. Powers whose interests are less humanitarian than political create a serious crisis in France seeking to suppress the agreement signed in 1831-1833. Although successful, a new covenant with a nation that has always been resented as a machiavellian rival gives rise to a splendid french cruise: it lasts but one year as it is useless, and unable to act against the numerous brazilian or spanish slave traders. Thus, on the whole, french repression has been a failure. All the reasons for this failure have not been military ones. The weight of established mentalities, of economic needs, not nearly as urgent as implied, the weakness of humanitarian doctrines incapable of renovation, are among the deeper causes of this failure. Altogether a negative, repetitive story without any outstanding events. The knowledge of man in africa is imperceptible
Blanc, Floriane. "Entre méfiance et intérêts partagés : trois décennies d'assistance militaire des Etats-Unis au Chili, 1940-1970." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0512.
Full textThis research examines the U.S. military assistance program in Chile from 1940 to 1970. It analyses its beginnings during the Second World War, and the development of multilateral and bilateral military structures from the the Cold War, up to the election of Salvador Allende in 1970. Through the Chilean example, it highlights the will of the United States to standardize, continent-wide, doctrines, practices, and equipment according to the model promoted by Washington. The question of the reception of this influence by Chile is also examined: to what extent are these cultural transfers accepted, rejected, re-appropriated in national contexts, put in competition with those of other countries? Finally, to account for the complexity of the decision-making process, special emphasis is placed on interactions between various players, both within the bureaucracy of the departments involved in the management of the program, and between the US and Chilean protagonists in the field
Grandi, Elisa. "Reti di esperti e attori politici nelle missioni della Banca Mondiale : l programmi in Colombia e i loro effetti globali sull’assistenza allo sviluppo (1940-1966)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC103/document.
Full textThe International Bank for Reconstruction and Development was founded in 1944 and began its operations in 1947. Among the first activities the Bank carried out in the 1940s, the missions and loans in Colombia represented a key moment in the evolution of this institution towards the form of organization, the articulation of procedures and the definition of the objectives that characterize the Bank still today. Our research focuses on this process, focusing in particular on the General Survey mission organized in 1949 and its implications for the evolution of the Bank, as well as Colombian economic policy. Through this mission, we examined the practices related to the evolution of the World Bank's policies during the first years of activity, highlighting in particular the emergent nature of this organization. These missions, analyzed as a moment of interaction between international experts and local experts, are fundamental to understanding the evolution of the World Bank's work. Based on this assumption, one of the main challenge of the research was to develop a method of analysis to capture the strategies and practices developed during the World Bank missions and to relate them to the results of these missions. In order to understand these strategies, we analyzed the links established among the actors, local and international, and observed their evolution over time. Crafting and studying these links allowed us to better understand the emergence of certain institutions related to the demand and management of the loans, as well as the criteria the Bank established for the evaluation and intervention of international experts in developing countries. This implied the study of a transnational phenomenon by a micro-historical approach
Ba, Amadou. "Des "Sénégalais" à Madagascar : militaires ouest-africains dans la conquête et la colonisation de la Grande-île (1895-1960)." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070024.
Full textOf Senegalese in Madagascar : West African Soldiers in the Colonization of the Grande Ile (1895-1960) France, in the second half of the 19th century, in an attempt to regain part of the grandeur she had lost during the Napoleonic wars, and most significantly in the aftermath of her defeat against Prussia in 1980, resumed her colonization policy in Africa and the Indian Ocean. In March 1895, an expedition launched against the Grande ile resulted in the capture of Antanananarivo in September that same year. The troops sent to this country included individuals hailing from Afrique Occidentale Française (French West Africa), usually referred to as the "tirailleurs senegalais" - even though most of them did not originate from the colony of Senegal per se, but rather from other territories - who played a significant part After being used as units of conquest and « pacifying », the African recruits from the A. O. F, Afrique occidentale française (French West Africa), remained stationed in this southwestern Indian océan colony as an occupying force and turned into police forces. In the year 1947, a violent insurrection broke out in eastern Madagascar. In order to repress this uprising, France sent once more battalions of "tirailleurs sénégalais", quartered in her Djibouti base, but also in metropolitan France. Many of those soldiers were killed (1,900 "tirailleurs" died). At the end of the operation, large numbers of those soldiers were maintained in this country as policemen, as had been the case at the beginning of the XIXth century, and without ever returning to their homeland. Drawing from archives (Vincennes and Aix-en-Provence in France, the National Archives of Senegal and the Archives of the Republic of Madagascar), iconography and films, fieldwork carried out in Madagascar in 2006, in Senegal (2006 and 2008), and in France; but drawing mostly from books and journals on the history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais", colonial French and Malagasy military history, I seek to pièce together this history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais". A history both neglected by scholars and overlooked by the French nation. My dissertation falls into three chapters: First, I analyze the main motivations behind the military draft in West Africa used so as to conquer a colony located thousands of kilometers away from A. O. F. (French West Africa). What were the particulars, the methods, and the strategies of the draft? What was the position of the A. O. F. In this draft? How did the young African view the army? Where those recruits volunteers? What were their social and ethnic backgrounds? The second chapter is devoted to the study of the various missions the tirailleurs sénégalais were trusted with. What was their role in the colonization of Malagascar? What happened to them after the conquest and "pacifying"? Lastly, I turn to the contemporary impact of a West African presence in the colonization of Madagascar through three themes:
Gagné, Louis. "REPENSER LES RAPPORTS EST-OUEST: Les États-Unis face à la Yougoslavie de Tito (1948-1953)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26938/26938.pdf.
Full textPépin, Carl. "Les relations franco-québécoises pendant la Grande Guerre." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25564/25564.pdf.
Full textLabayle, Éric. "De la Revanche à la Libération : l'École des Élèves-aspirants de Cherchell-Médiouna (1942-1945)." Montpellier 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON30022.
Full textFrom december 1942 to june 1945, the most prominent school for warrant officers in the french army operated in the small town of Cherchell (Algeria). Five classes - more than five thousand young men coming from all social and geographical horizons of the French Empire - recieved crash instruction, meant to turn them into warrant officers (officer cadets and first lieutenants) fit to be used in combat. These men played an essential role in the reconstruction of the french army after november 8th 1942. For twenty years, they fought on all the theatres of war, from Italy to Algeria, and they occupied the highest functions in the military hierarchy. Those who opted for a civilian carrer after 1945 also reached the highest positions in their chosen fields. Some became ministers, others ambassadors, others again recieved Nobel prizes. Despite the importance of its heritage, the École des élèves-aspirants has never been the object of a historical study, unlike institutions of lesser importance, such as the École des cadets de la France libre. It was therefore deemed proper to give a comprehensive picture of it (location, catchment area, staff, instruction and logistics. . . ) and to illustrate its specificity
Metzger, Chantal. "L'Empire colonial français dans la stratégie du Troisième Reich : 1936-1945." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040178.
Full textAït-El-Djoudi, Dalila. "Image des combattants français vue par l'ALN : 1954-1962 : l'exemple de la wilaya III." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30051.
Full textThis work on fighters' memory of the algerian war underlines the reflexion (thought) of a restrocpective look from a french point of view and from the algerian perception of the conflict. We try to confront fighters of the “ ALN ” with the image they convey and with the perception they have of the french combatants. This approach allows to take in account the opinion, the judgment of the other side, the same judgement against witch the french combatant fought. The vision of the french combatants is as much a matter of strategy as a matter of the evolution of the conscience. It reveals a certain state of the mind but above all, it constitutes in times of fighting a privilegied means of propaganda. The representation of the enemy (opponent) is linked to the rejection of the colonial system. The feeling of otherness (alterity) is influenced by the political nature of war. This work of reconstruction whose recollection makes up on the privilegied contributions of this thesis, comprises a corpus of seventy-nine testimonies from veterans of the “ ALN ”, recorded in Algeria and more particulary in Kabylia (the old wilaya III) between 1999 and 2002
Klingbeil, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Les Alpes-Maritimes : étude d'un front oublié : (15 août 1944-2 mai 1945)." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE2024.
Full textThis study is a contribution to the commission "Nouvelle Histoire Bataille" set up by the "Centre d'Études d'Histoire de la Défense". The Alpes-Maritimes area, with its limited and unstudied geographical area, appears to be the ideal base for an analysis of a minor front in all its various aspects : geostrategic, geopolitical and operational. By bringing together the methodology and practices of the humanities, and by restoring the actual event over its entire duration, with reference to the past conflict, particular attention is drawn to the history of strategy based on the systematic and intertwined analyses of the various belligerents sources. The strategical analysis of this front can be divided into three parts. The first part deals with the problem of the perception of the geostrategic stake in the Alpes-Maritimes and the subsequent consequences at the time of the Liberation. The second part focuses on the campaign during winter, more particularly on mountain warfare. The study concludes with a new analysis of the French offensive in the spring of 1945
Pace, Jean-Paul. "Les commandos du Tonkin (1951-1954) : contribution à l' histoire des Commandos des Forces Terrestres du Nord Viêt-nam juillet 1951-novembre 1954." Montpellier 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON30006.
Full textAucouturier, Étienne. "La guerre biologique : perspective historique et critique." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010565.
Full textGuyon, Anthony. "De l'indigène au soldat : les tirailleurs sénégalais de 1919 à 1940 : approche anthropologique et prosopographique." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30036/document.
Full textFrom 1919 to 1940, The Senegalese Infantry Corps firmly established itself within the colonial army. Crowned by its relative success in World War I, the black army was subsequently considered a permanent army, tasked with fighting worldwide. After July 1919, recruitment relied on a draft lottery with the possibility of substitution.Detailed rules at the time were put in place to offer a means of placing soldiers from West African and Equatorial French colonies in France itself or in the Mediterranean basin. In this way, winter quarters and food supplies were given greater consideration.The African non-commissioned officer corps offered a training experience to further the careers of these men, considering their origins and their abilities as soldiers. Their training and their results on different tests also helped to better understand the expectations of the French Army General Staff and their respective divisions.In the end, the Senegalese Infantry Corps was assumed to be a stronger component of the French army. But in 1940, it became apparent that none of these efforts bore substancial reform and the black army suffered the same setbacks as the regular French army
Camacho, Lopez Sandra. "La figure de l'enfermement comme modèle tragique dans la dramaturgie contemporaine colombienne." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030096/document.
Full textWith Colombian drama of the last thirty years, we face two routes intersect that appear, or better, overlap: the real, which corresponds to the socio-political context of Colombia and the fictional, which allows us to glimpse a singular landscape of fiction to emerge through some contemporary pieces Colombia. This interplay between reality and fiction, brings us to the recurring figure of confinement. Thus we attend the performance of a world where prisons have no bars, where the confinement is daily. On stage the characters are enclosed in their physical and metaphorical, indoor or outdoor spaces, which prohibit any possibility of completion and reconciliation between the oposite forces that maintains their conflicts. Then, confinement leads characters to a tragic feeling, the loss of the world and oneself, that is to say that the tragic lost in these pieces, meaning transcending the human. Hence the initial questions which we started: how to confinement in a dramatic contemporary space enable us to find the tragic? And where will this tragic go, when the tragedy is over? The current form of tragedy could it not be a new way to recapture the essence of the tragedy and the « sense of humanity » ? These are questions that give their guidance in our research
Wanaim, M'bark. "Goumiers, Spahis et tirailleurs marocains de l'armée française : engagement, parcours et oubli (1908-2006)." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010559.
Full textErouihane, Nabil. "La « construction des armes navales » en France de 1871 à 1961 : naissance et restructuration d’un système politico-industriel." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30006.
Full textFrom 1871 to 1961, the French Navy underwent changes of all kinds which were at the origin of the emergence of a new system of production of naval weapons. This transformation was caused by a continuous need to strengthen the fleet, by successive and rapid technological innovations, and by the triumph of industrial capitalism. From the 3rd to the 5th Republic, the construction of naval weapons therefore passed from industrial practices centered on the traditional arsenals and factories of the Navy, to the command of warships entrusted to private industry
Hariri, Ahmad. "L'Armée et le pouvoir politique au Liban." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010273.
Full textBuiles, Tobon Carlos Alberto. "La nouvelle génération d’intellectuels (1946-1962) : une approche à travers Jorge Gaitán Durán et la revue Mito." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20060/document.
Full textWhat conditions do they make possible the emergence of the literary field Due nation? At what point can we talk about the autonomy of the field?, And why the fight for intellectual freedom are they hiding in the interior of this power struggle to establish a new independent writers? These questions lead us to ask ourselves, if, before the fifties, there were, Colombia, a literary institution guaranteeing to writers, agencies that support them and the public, the free exercise of creation of consecration and distribution of literary production. The central aim of this research is to see, at first, if the historical conditions were met to enable the conquest of the autonomy of the literary field in the period 1946-1962 in Colombia. Secondly, if it is d’évaluer, intellectuals gathered around the magazine Mito and especially around the figure of “The Intellectual Total” of the time, Jorge Gaitán Durán (1924-1962) have played a key role in this quest of institutionalization of literature
Bourlet, Michaël. "Les officiers français des 2e et 5e bureaux de l’état-major de l’armée (août 1919-juin 1919)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040172.
Full textAt the beginning of the 20th century, the “2e bureau” embodied military intelligence at the headquarters of the War Office in Paris. Between August 1914 and June 1919, 366 officers served in this secret administration of the War Office. Through individual files and with the aim of relating the history of services known as special services, this thesis is made up of three main lines: first, an institutional study, then a prosopographic study and finally a biographical dictionary. In less than four years, the intelligence plan set up at the EMA (État-major de l’armée) opened to new fields (economy, politics, diplomacy, inter-allied cooperation). This development went through deep structural reforms. In order to bring its activities to a successful conclusion, the “2e bureau” increased personnel and recruitment, which applied to reserve officers in particular. The intellectual and economic elites of the Nation would then occupy a place of choice in this organisation. Once the war was over, the “2e bureau” was back in charge of purely military matters
Bertrand, Frédérick. "La représentation des souffrances et des horreurs de la Première Guerre mondiale dans les journaux de tranchées." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33128.
Full textBludszus, Aurélie. "Les associations d'anciens combattants de Moselle de la fin de la seconde Guerre mondiale à nos jours : organisation, buts et influence." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG033/document.
Full textThe diversity of the conflicts that affected the Moselle region and the historical uniqueness of this départment made difficult to form a collective memory on modern conflicts. Moselle’s War veterans organisations are now at a turning point in their history. The study of these associations provides us insight into the role they have played hitherto and how they have evolved within the military environment and the civilian world. We have addressed the evolution of the place and the influence of these associations, seen in their great diversity and we investigated the different spatial and hierarchical organizations, as well as the contents of their speechs. This work therefore revolve around the military, social and oral history. This analysis of several specific associations, including the most known of them, Malgré-Nous et Réfractaires, allows to establish a general typology of these structures. If this thesis establishes conclusions regarding the associations of Moselle, it mainly provides an analytical framework for similar works applied to other départments
Ndoye, Coura. "La condition de l'Homme Noir dans la littérature colombienne sous le regard d'Arnoldo Palacios." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100146.
Full textThe twentieth century brought about profound changes in political, economic and social life of Latin American countries, notably Colombia. In the field of literature, there was then a real awareness and commitment on the part of Black intellectuals. From that moment on, the Black man, began to appear in literature as a fully-fledged character and an author. Indeed, for a long time, the participation of the Black in the construction of the Colombian nation was not been mentioned. In addition to his negative image (due to slavery), the Black has suffered for a long time from an obvious invisibility. As a result, in the late 1940s Black intellectuals pointed out in a very clear way the social inequalities, injustices, racism, and discrimination against their fellow men. It is within the framework of these demands and protests in favour of Black man, that the novel of Arnoldo Palacios, The Stars are black was been published in 1949. Thus, we posed our problematic to know how the condition of Black man was been approached in the novel of Arnoldo Palacios. The first part of our thesis will discuss the African presence in Colombia. The second will make an inventory of black presence in Colombian literature. Finally, the third part will analyse The Stars are black through his narrative structure but also the themes addressed by the writer Arnoldo Palacios
Marques, Karina Carvalho de Matos. "De l'écriture personnelle à l'écriture de l'histoire : questions d'identité dans l'oeuvre d'Ilse Losa et de Samuel Rawet." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030103.
Full textOur compared study deals with the literary work of Ilse Losa (1913-2006), a German exiled in Portugal, and Samuel Rawet (1929-1984), a Polish immigrant in Brazil, which have adopted Portuguese as writing language. Having arrived in these lusophone countries a few years before the declaration of the Second World War, both share a jewish origin which is expressed in their characters in the form of conflicts between memory and forgetfulness, communitarianism and integration, tradition and cultural performativity. Moreover, their conditions of women and homosexual acted as an inspiration for the construction of a work opposing gender duality in a context of oppression in these host countries : The Salazarist New State (1933-1974) and the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985). This way, through their personal writings in which the jewish identity and the gender identity are key elements, we can consider the exclusion in a broader way. These authors give us a picture of the brazilian and portuguese societies between the end of the 30’s and beginning of the 80’s, highlighting the power relations between elites and masses. During a period in which the national identity is being built on the basis of the myth of the great empire in Portugal and of multiculturalism in Brazil, Ilse Losa and Samuel Rawet show that the nation is always a narrative
Folch, Maass Nicolas. "Mémoire et figures de la violence dans le langage poétique chilien (1950-1980)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA130.
Full textThe dictatorship of the military junta in Chile (09.11.1973-1990), the violence of which is all the more striking as it covers a very recent period in the history of this country, questions the autonomy of the symbolical system of the literary texts produced in this context. Indeed,it is the first time in the history of Chilean literature such an amount of texts have been written and published from exile or detention centres.Taking into account that this phenomenon is specific to its period, this study aims at studying the representations of memory in poetic language. It starts from the figuration of violence as it is expressed over a period of forty years (1950-1980) in six poets' production.The analysis of these works highlights the ability of poetic language to transcend the codification of so important a context, which is not, however, the only striking event of State violence in the history of Chile.The analysis of a collection of texts written by Nicanor Parra, Enrique Lihn and Jorge Teiller, major references of Gonzalo Millán, Tomás Harris and Rodrigo Lira 's poetry, is presented according a double perspective, linguistic as well as socio-litterary. The first part of this thesis focuses on the concept of the « subject in process », taken from Julia Kristeva's theory of language.This perspective aspires to analyze to what extent and how the representation of violence constitutes an expression of memory and a questioning about national identity in the Chilean poetry.The second part is based on the perspective of the theory of fields and the symbolic power as seen by Pierre Bourdieu in order to analyze the historical speech about national identity, and its representation of the exercise of violence in the fields of political and litterary production.Considered in a perspective which is less limited to their immediate socio-historical context of production, the relations maintained by language, violence and power, appear at the heart of this research
Una época tan violenta e históricamente cercana como la de la dictadura de La Junta Militar (11 de septiembre de 1973 / 1990), problematiza, entre otras, la autonomía del sistema simbólico de los textos literarios producidos dentro de ese contexto. A partir de lo anterior, nuestro estudio se interesa en la identificación de la memoria en el lenguaje poético desde la figuración de la violencia, principalmente aquel de seis poetas que abarca un periodo de cuarenta años (1950-1980). El interés del análisis versa sobre la capacidad del lenguaje poético para trascender la especificidad de un contexto tan importante y significativo, que sin embargo no es el único hito de violencia de Estado en la historia de Chile. La relación entre lenguaje poético y violencia se vuelve así central para la presente investigación.El estudio de textos de Nicanor Parra, Enrique Lihn y Jorge Teillier, como antecedentes poéticos mayores para la poesía de Gonzalo Millán, Tomás Harris y Rodrigo Lira, se presenta bajo una doble perspectiva : lingüística y socio-literaria. La primera parte del análisis implica un concepto de lenguaje poético acorde a la teoría del « sujeto en proceso » de Julia Kristeva. Esta perspectiva ambiciona verificar si las figuras de la violencia constituyen un discurso de memoria y de identidad en la poesía chilena. La segunda parte, se basa en la « teoría de campos » y del « poder simbólico » de Pierre Bourdieu, para analizar el impacto del discurso histórico de identidad nacional y la representación del ejercicio de la violencia en los campos de producción política y literaria