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Journal articles on the topic 'Histopathology and Staging'
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1
Johnson, RD, and KR Geisinger. "Colorectal adenocarcinoma: Staging and histopathology." Seminars in Roentgenology 31, no. 2 (1996): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-198x(96)80003-4.
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Pritzker, K. P. H., S. Gay, S. A. Jimenez, et al. "Osteoarthritis cartilage histopathology: grading and staging." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 14, no. 1 (2006): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2005.07.014.
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Moskowitz, R. W. "Osteoarthritis cartilage histopathology: grading and staging." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 14, no. 1 (2006): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2005.08.015.
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Abdel-Hamid, Hossam M. "Relations between the standardized uptake value of 18F-FDG-PET/CT and demographic, clinical, pathological, and radiological factors in lung cancer." Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis 74, no. 1 (2025): 31–36. https://doi.org/10.4103/ecdt.ecdt_54_23.
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Background FDG-PET/CT is considered a noninvasive method for mediastinal staging and functional assessment of lung cancer. Standardized uptake value maximum (SUVmax) estimates the activity of the tumor and its aggressiveness. Aim To measure the relation of clinical, demographic, radiological factors, histopathology, and SUVmax in patients of bronchogenic carcinoma. Patients and methods The study was a prospective cross-sectional study on 47 confirmed lung cancer patients admitted to the Chest Department of Ain Shams University Hospital from April 2022 to May 2023. Demographic data, clinical examination, complete blood count, tumor site and size in CT chest or PET-CT, histopathology, and SUVmax values in PET-CT scans with staging according to the 8th TNM system were done. SUVmax relation with all parameters was done. Results In this study, the relation between age, smoking habits (P=0.60), comorbidities (P=0.18), and tumor SUVmax was not significant. No relation between tumor characteristics: site (P=0.27), histopathology (P=0.46), extrapulmonary metastases including mediastinal lymph node (P=0.09), and tumor SUVmax. Positive significant correlation between tumor size, T staging, and tumor SUVmax. No correlation between age, pack year, N staging, M staging, TNM staging, and tumor SUVmax. No significant correlation was found between laboratory tests: TLC count, HB count, platelet count, and tumor SUVmax. No relation between tumor histopathology and tumor site (P=0.32), with no significant relation between tumor histopathology and patients age (P=0.77), pack year (P=0.89), or tumor size (P=0.07). Conclusion Tumor size and T staging positively correlated with SUVmax. SUVmax was higher in squamous cell carcinoma patients with no statistically significant relation.
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Bulchandani, Priya, and Tushar Palve. "A clinical comparative study of preoperative clinical staging and surgical and histopathological staging in endometrial carcinoma." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 3 (2023): 730–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20230547.
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Background: Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common carcinoma in women across the globe. Treatment and prognosis are influenced by surgical international federation of gynecology and obstetrics staging system with evaluation of the depth of myometrium invasion, cervical extension and the presence of lymph node and distant metastasis. This study aims to compare the MRI findings in preoperative staging of endometrial carcinoma with intra-operative findings and revised international federation of gynecology and obstetrics staging based on postoperative histopathology. Methods: The study was prospectively carried out in department of obstetrics and gynecology of a Cama Hospital, Mumbai for a total period of 1.5 years; 30 patients diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma were selected. Results: The patients were predominantly multiparous with most common presenting complaint as postmenopausal bleeding. The clinical- radiological staging was concordant with histopathological staging in 60% (18/30) cases. Upstaging was seen in 10% (3/30 cases), while 30% (9/30) showed down staging in the final histopathology. While comparing the surgical intra-operative staging, it was seen to corroborate with the final histopathology in 63.33% (19/30) cases. Conclusions: The pre-operative radiological assessment especially MRI with high accuracy in determining myometrial invasion is an inseparable tool. The surgeon would have to rely on intra-operative assessment for further plan of action and effectively dealing with carcinoma.
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Wahyu Agus Prastyo and Artha Investari Nugraheni. "A Comprehensive Literature Review of Histopathology of Squamous Cell Carcinoma." Indonesian Journal of General Medicine 7, no. 3 (2024): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.70070/h70hva33.
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Background: The literature on the histopathology of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), particularly cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), has evolved significantly over the past decade, revealing a complex interplay of histopathologic features, molecular markers, and clinical outcomes. Literature Review: The work by (K. El-Mofty, 2014) explores histopathologic risk factors associated with oral and oropharyngeal SCC variants, particularly those related to HPV. The identification of distinct morphological characteristics shared among keratinizing neoplasms is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. The article highlights the unique behaviors of HPV-related variants, which may exhibit either favorable prognoses or aggressive metastatic potential, thus necessitating careful evaluation. The role of immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis and staging of cSCC is further elaborated by (Bălășescu et al., 2022), who identify key characteristics that predict disease progression. Their findings suggest that immunohistochemical markers can enhance diagnostic accuracy, particularly in poorly differentiated cases, thereby informing treatment strategies. Finally, (Gabriel Cocuz et al., 2022) provide a scientometric analysis of current research directions, highlighting the sustained interest in histopathology and immunohistochemistry of cSCC. Their work suggests an ongoing recognition of the importance of personalized diagnostics and targeted therapies to improve patient outcomes. Conclusion: In conclusion, the reviewed literature underscores the complexity of cSCC histopathology and the critical need for accurate diagnosis and staging. The integration of histopathological features with molecular markers and the continual evolution of diagnostic techniques are essential for refining our understanding of SCC behavior and enhancing treatment efficacy. Ongoing research is necessary to address existing challenges and optimize patient management strategies.
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Alharbi, Samar, Saleh Bajahlan, Hassan Almohsin, et al. "Etiology, Histopathology, Staging and Complication of Wilson Disease." Journal of Healthcare Sciences 3, no. 12 (2023): 617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/johs.2023.31209.
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Wilsons disease is a disorder that occurs when there are mutations, in the ATP7B gene. This leads to problems with copper transport and metabolism in the body. In this review we explore the causes, effects, symptoms and management of Wilsons disease. We delve into the factors that contribute to the condition and how it affects the livers’ ability to handle copper. A key diagnostic feature is the presence of "sunset glow" hepatocytes indicating a buildup of copper. The disease manifests with symptoms affecting organs such as the liver nervous system, mind, blood, kidneys and eyes. Due to this range of symptoms an accurate diagnosis requires an approach. Prognosis and tailored treatment strategies can be aided by staging using the Leipzig scoring system. We discuss complications associated with Wilsons disease. Highlight its impact on organs underscoring why timely diagnosis is crucial. The management section outlines approaches including medication to remove copper from the body or regulate zinc levels as well as dietary modifications to control copper absorption. Regular monitoring through liver function tests, copper measurements and neurological assessments is essential for managing this condition. Genetic counseling plays a role in helping individuals make decisions about their health when it comes to Wilsons disease. In cases where other treatments have failed or are inadequate, for controlling symptoms or preventing organ damage liver transplantation may be considered as a resort option. Finally, we conclude by highlighting how ongoing research continues to improve our understanding of Wilsons disease and refine methods and treatment strategies.
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de Nucci, Germana, Maria Chiara Petrone, Nicola Imperatore, et al. "Staging esophageal cancer: low EUS accuracy in t2n0 patients." Endoscopy International Open 09, no. 03 (2021): E313—E318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1336-2505.
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Abstract Background and study aims Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Staging of EC is performed with computed tomography (CT), positron-emission tomography (PET), and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). Patient management mostly depends on lymph node status. Compared to histopathology, the accuracy of EUS for T and N parameters is about 85 % and 75 %, respectively. Errors in staging may change prognosis. The aim of this study was to assess the role of EUS in T2-N0 EC considering the experience of two high-volume digestive endoscopic centers. Methods Two prospectively collected databases were queried to identify all patients with EC, staged as cT2N0 by EUS, with no distant metastases at CT/PET scan and who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy. Preoperative EUS staging (cTNM) was compared to histopathology of the surgical specimen (pTNM) to evaluate accuracy. Results Of 729 consecutive patients with EC between January 2011 and September 2018, 72 (49 men) had cT2N0 disease. CT and PET scans confirmed the absence of distant metastasis. In 43 of 72 patients (60 %), the evaluation was correct, 23 of 72 (31,7 %) were understaged, and six of 72 patients (8,3 %) were overstaged. Among the understaged patients, eight were understaged by tumor depth (35 %), seven by nodal involvement (30 %), and eight by both (35 %). All six patients who were overstaged had T1b-N0 disease. EUS accuracy was 77 % in staging for tumor depth and 82 % in staging for nodal metastases. The positive predictive value (PPV) for cT2N0 EC was 60 % (43 pT2N0 /72 cT2N). Conclusions The accuracy of EUS staging of T2N0 EC is low, with only 60 % of patients undergoing appropriate therapy based on histopathology.
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Aziz, Mubashrah, Sadaf Aziz, Ammara Tariq, Yasser Khan, Atif Latif, and Munazzah Aziz. "Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in diagnosing Urinary Bladder Cancer, Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 74, SUPPL-2 (2024): S226—S230. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v74isuppl-2.10849.
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Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing and staging urinary bladder cancer, taking histopathology as gold standard. Study Design: Descriptive, Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was done in Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Combined Military Hospital, Multan, Pakistan from Jan to Dec 2020. Methodology: A total of 117 patients with irregular soft tissue structures of low echogenicity projecting into the bladder lumen from a fixed mural site on ultrasonography aged 20-60 years of either gender were included in the study. While patients already taking radiotherapy or immunotherapy or having any other contraindication to Magnetic resonance imaging were excluded. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in every patient using 1.5 Tesla MR system. Magnetic Resonance Imaging findings were interpreted by consultant radiologist for presence or absence of urinary bladder carcinoma and further local staging of carcinoma if present. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were compared with histopathology results taken via cystoscopy. Results: All the patients were subjected to Magnetic resonance imaging abdomen pelvis and found that 60 were True Positive and 05 were False Positive. Among 52, MRI negative patients, 05 (False Negative) had urinary bladder carcinoma on histopathology whereas 47 (True Negative) had no carcinoma on histopathology (p=0.0001). Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of Magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing and staging urinary bladder cancer, taking histopathology as gold standard was 92.31%, 90.38%, 92.31%, 90.38% and 91.45% respectively. Conclusion: MRI is a highly sensitive and accurate noninvasive
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Khan, Komal, Zartaj Hayat, and Maria Ashraf. "Comparison of staging by MRI and histopathology in women with endometrial carcinoma." Journal of Cancer Research and Reviews 2, no. 1 (2025): 32. https://doi.org/10.5455/jcrr.20240917123003.
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Objective: To compare staging by MRI and histopathology in women with endometrial carcinoma Methodology: This was a retrospective study conducted in Fauji Foundation Hospital, Foundation University Islamabad from January 2018 till May 2022 which included 32 diagnosed cases of endometrial carcinoma. The primary outcome of the study was to assess the diagnostic value of MRI in preoperative staging and risk assessment in endometrial carcinoma when compared with the histopathological staging of the surgical specimen according to the FIGO 2021 staging system. The secondary outcome was to assess the role of both MRI and preoperative biopsy in preoperative risk assignment. Results: In this study MRI had a diagnostic accuracy of 78% for detection of stage I, 93% for stage II and 75% for stage III endometrial carcinoma. The sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV and diagnostic accuracy of MRI in detecting cervical invasion was 50%, 64.2%, 90%, 16.6% and 62.5% respectively. For myometrial invasion MRI was 78.1% accurate, 92.3% sensitive and 68.4%sensitive while NPV and PPV values were 92.8% and 66.6% respectively. For differentiating low risk and high risk groups, the sensitivity, specificity, NPV and PPV of MRI alone was 85.7%, 64.3%, 94.1%, 40% whereas when combined with preoperative biopsy the sensitivity and NPV was 100%. Conclusion: Although MRI is useful in preoperative staging and risk assessment of endometrial carcinoma but as the sensitivity and PPV for high risk group detection were low other modalities may need to be considered in adjunct for the decision of lymphadenectomy.
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Sriningsih, Wahyu, Ibrahim Basir, and Benny Philippi. "Management of Sigmoid Cancer In dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during 2008–2011." Jurnal llmu Bedah Indonesia 43, no. 1 (2014): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46800/jibi-ikabi.v43i1.67.
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 A retrospective analysis was performed to sigmoid cancer cases in the digestive surgery division of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during the period of 2008–2011. Fifty–two cases were analyzed for metastases, stages and histopathology; mortality and morbidity were calculated for anastomotic leakage, 3–year survival, and incidence of local recurrence. Three–year survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier based on staging and histopathology. The overall operative mortality was 1.9%, and the anastomotic leakage incidence was 8.1%. The incidence of local recurrence was 9.1%. The 3–year survival rates based on Dukes Staging were as follows: 100% survival for Dukes A, 95.5% for Dukes B and 61.1% for Dukes C and 0% for Dukes C. The 3–year survival rates in sigmoid cancer according to histopathology were 73.5% for well differentiated, 63.6% for moderately differentiated and 100% for poorly differentiated (sample size was one patient, could not be assessed), with 50% survival for mucinous histopathology. The overall survival in this sigmoid cancer study was 69.2%.
 
 
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Kaur, Dr Mandeep. "Bodies In Histopathology: Bringing To Light." Journal of Medical and Dental Science Research 12, no. 6 (2025): 100–105. https://doi.org/10.35629/076x-1206100105.
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The histopathological evaluation of the tissue includes a detailed study of cellular and nuclear structures and their altered presentation in a given pathology. It has been observed that various histopathological bodies are seen in different pathologies. Their presence is often an important diagnostic-aid in identifying the underlying disease. The histopathological bodies are helpful for diagnosing, staging, treatment planning and also predicting the prognosis of the disease. The present paper is an attempt to compile, collate and describe the well-known as well as the lesser-known histopathological bodies.
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Diaz-Mercedes, Sherley, Ivan Archilla, Jordi Camps, et al. "Budget Impact Analysis of Molecular Lymph Node Staging Versus Conventional Histopathology Staging in Colorectal Carcinoma." Applied Health Economics and Health Policy 17, no. 5 (2019): 655–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40258-019-00482-7.
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Huzaifah Shahid, Hafiz Muhammad, Farah Bano, and Umar Farooq. "Comparison of Degree of Agreement Between MRI and Histopathology in T Staging of Cervical Carcinoma." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 5 (2022): 1282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221651282.
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Introduction: Cervical cancer is a common disease with significant mortality and morbidity. It is due to the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Objective: The main objective of the study is to compare the degree of agreement between MRI and histopathology in T staging of cervical carcinoma. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of radiology, Mayo Hospital Lahore for 12 months i.e. 12 Feb 2019 to 11 Feb 2020. MRI of the pelvis performed using a 1.5 tesla MRT 1580 scanner. All the results were interpreted by our senior radiologist and T-stage was noted according to MRI findings. All histopathological examinations performed. Both MRI and histopathology were separately place. Results: The mean age of patients was 46.45±13.38 years, 25(25%) patients were with underweight BMI and obese BMI patients were 36(36%). In our study the agreement between the MRI and histopathology was found in 77(77%) patients. Conclusion: According to our study results the MRI had good agreement with histopathology in T staging of cervical carcinoma.
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Asghar, M. Rizwan, Tayyiba Akhter, and Aisha Asghar. "Comparison of Degree of Agreement Between MRI and Histopathology in T Staging of Cervical Carcinoma." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 1 (2022): 1436–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221611436.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Cervical cancer is a prevalent malignancy that has a high death and morbidity rate. It's caused by aberrant cell proliferation with the capacity to infiltrate and spread to other portions of the body. Objective: The main objective of the study is to compare the degree of agreement between MRI and histopathology in T staging of cervical carcinoma. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of radiology, Mayo Hospital Lahore for 6 months i.e. 12 Feb 2019 to 11 Feb 2020. MRI of the pelvis performed using a 1.5 tesla MRT 1580 scanner. All the results were interpreted by our senior radiologist and T-stage was noted according to MRI findings. All histopathological examinations performed. Both MRI and histopathology were separately place. Results: The mean age of patients was 46.45±13.38 years, 25(25%) patients were with underweight BMI and obese BMI patients were 36(36%). In our study the agreement between the MRI and histopathology was found in 77(77%) patients. Conclusion: According to our study results the MRI had good agreement with histopathology in T staging of cervical carcinoma.
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MAQSOOD, S., and HH MUGHAL. "DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF T2 WEIGHTED IMAGING AND GADOLINIUM ENHANCED MRI IN DIAGNOSIS AND STAGING OF URINARY BLADDER CARCINOMA TAKING HISTOPATHOLOGY AS GOLD STANDARDS." Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal 2023, no. 1 (2023): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2023i1.622.
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Urinary bladder carcinoma (UBC) diagnosis and staging are critical for treatment planning and patient prognosis. This histopathology-guided study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and gadolinium-enhanced MRI (GE-MRI) in UBC diagnosis and staging, with histopathology as the gold standard. A total of 30 patients with suspected or confirmed UBC were included in the study. T2WI and GE-MRI were performed, and imaging findings were compared with histopathological results obtained from transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) or radical cystectomy specimens. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of T2WI and GE-MRI were calculated. The results demonstrate that T2WI had a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 80%, PPV of 90%, NPV of 75%, and overall accuracy of 83.3% in diagnosing UBC. GE-MRI showed a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 85%, PPV of 92%, NPV of 80%, and overall accuracy of 88.3%. Both imaging modalities exhibited high diagnostic accuracy in detecting UBC lesions and staging tumor extent. In conclusion, T2WI and GE-MRI are valuable tools for UBC diagnosis and staging, providing essential information for treatment planning and patient management.
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Ochoa, Edgar, Gaelen Stanford-Moore, Carole Fakhry, and William R. Ryan. "Predicting Adverse Histopathology and Need for Postsurgical Adjuvant Therapy for Human Papilloma Virus–Associated Oropharynx Carcinoma." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 165, no. 2 (2021): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599820982913.
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Objective For human papillomavirus–associated oropharynx carcinoma treated with definitive surgery, we aimed to find predictors of adverse histopathology indicating the possible need for adjuvant therapy. Study Design Retrospective review. Setting National Cancer Database. Methods We analyzed 2347 eligible patients from 2010 to 2015. We evaluated (1) the ability of clinical nodal staging and extranodal extension designation per the AJCC, seventh edition (American Joint Committee on Cancer), to predict histopathology and (2) the likelihoods for adverse postsurgery histopathology by common clinical stages. Results Clinical nodal staging predicted pathologic nodal staging 65% of the time, with 24% (569/2347) being upstaged and 11% (251/2347) being downstaged. In patients with cN+ disease, clinical extranodal extension distinction had the following accuracy for pathologic extranodal extension: positive predictive value, 81% (88/109); negative predictive value, 73.1% (505/691); sensitivity, 32.1% (88/274); and specificity, 96.0% (505/526). Patients with cT1-2, N0-N2c, without clinical extranodal extension had the following proportions of pN2+ without pathologic extranodal extension (indicating consideration for adjuvant radiation): cN0, 11%; cN1, 31%; cN2a, 67% (8% downstaged); cN2b, 66% (6% downstaged); and cN2c, 35% (17% downstaged). From this group, patients had the following proportions of pathologic extranodal extension (indicating consideration for adjuvant chemoradiation): cN0, 6%; cN1, 20%; cN2a, 27%; cN2b, 28%; and cN2c, 48%. Conclusion For human papillomavirus–associated oropharynx carcinoma, nodal clinical staging per the American Joint Committee on Cancer, seventh edition, predicts pathologic stage about two-thirds of the time, leading to up- and downstaging. Clinical extranodal extension assessment has low sensitivity and moderate predictive capability. With careful selection, definitive surgery can allow patients to often avoid adjuvant chemotherapy and sometimes avoid adjuvant radiation.
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Brych, Ondřej, Jana Drozenová, Tomáš Pichlík, et al. "Preoperative and postoperative staging in endometrial cancer – a prospective study." Česká gynekologie 89, no. 1 (2024): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/cccg20245.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine how often changes the stage of the tumour in definitive histology against preoperative clinical stage in patient cohort with diagnosed endometrial cancer. Methods: We evaluated prospectively a cohort of 166 patients with endometrial cancer. They all underwent abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, sentinel lymph node biopsy. Patients with high-risk tumours also pelvic lymfadenectomy. We collected data of preoperative diagnostic biopsy and postoperative definitive histology. The data were statistically processed. Results: Detection of sentinel lymph node was successful in 71.1%, bilateral successful detection was in 40.6%. Discrepancy of tumour grade between preoperative biopsy and definitive histology was generally 31.4%. Upgrading of the tumour was in 22 (14.4%) cases, downgrading in 26 (17%) cases. Upgrade from low-risk to high-risk group of tumours was noticed in eight cases. Histopathological tumour type changed in 6.6%, 4.6% moved to histopathologic high-risk group. The tumour stage changed in definite histology in 57.3%, in 19.2% of cases moved from stage low/intermediate-risk group to intermediate-high/high-risk disease group. Conclusion: Correct assessment of preoperative clinical stage and histological grade of endometrial cancer is burdened with a high inaccuracy rate. A lot of cases is up-staged after surgical staging and moved to intermediate-high/high-risk disease group. Results confirm the importance of oncogynaecologic centre II. evaluation of histopathology findings from diagnostic biopsies made in referring hospitals. Sentinel lymph node biopsy should be performed even in clinically low/intermediate-risk disease group. Key words: endometrial cancer – tumour stage – tumour grade – sentinel lymph node detection
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Patel, Kartik Shashikant, Tarun Singh, Kshitij Raghuvanshi, Sameer Sonar, and Rajeev Chaudhari. "A comparison study of 68gallium-prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography-computed tomography and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for locoregional staging of prostate cancer." Urological Science 35, no. 1 (2024): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/us9.0000000000000002.
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Purpose: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men aged 50 years and older and the second cause of cancer death among men. Accurate staging of PCa preoperatively is of high importance for treatment decisions and patient management. Conventional imaging modalities (ultrasound, computed tomography [CT], and magnetic resonance imaging) are inaccurate for the staging of PCa. Newer modality multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) scan show promising results for the staging of PCa. Only fewer studies are available for comparison of these modalities with histopathology as reference. The objective of our study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of independent 68gallium PSMA (68Ga-PSMA) PET-CT compared with mpMRI for preoperative staging of PCa, using histopathology as the reference standard. Materials and methods: From August 2021 to December 2022, 30 patients of biopsy-proven PCa were prospectively enrolled as per eligibility criteria. Preoperatively, 68Ga-PSMA PET scan and mpMRI were done in all the patients. Extracapsular extension (ECE), seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), and lymph node metastasis (LNM) were investigated separately. Subsequently, the patients underwent robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. Results: mpMRI prostate was more sensitive (66.66%) but less specific than PSMA PET-CT (55.55%) for ECE. mpMRI and PSMA PET-CT both had similar sensitivity (83.3%) and specificity (87.5%) for SVI. PSMA PET-CT was more sensitive (85.71%) and specific (95.6%) than mpMRI prostate (62.5% and 91.30%, respectively) for LNM. Conclusion: PSMA PET-CT is more specific for the detection of ECE and more sensitive and specific for the detection of LNM than mpMRI, and similar for the detection of SVI. mpMRI provides only local staging, while PSMA PET-CT provides information about local, regional, and distal staging. Overall, PSMA PET-CT is superior to mpMRI for locoregional staging of PCa.
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Diaz-Rubio, Eduardo. "Model of quality care indicators for patients with colorectal, lung, and breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 30_suppl (2014): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.30_suppl.241.
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241 Background: The care of an oncology patient is a complex process with important clinical, social and financial repercussions. The purpose of this work is to develop quality care indicators for the medical care of patients with cancer. It is fundamental that health organisations adopt such models based on quality standards with the intention to promote excellence in the care of cancer patients. Methods: Research for scientific evidence, revision and selection of standards using the Delphi method was employed and definition of indicators was established. Results: 50 quality indicators were created directed to: Organisation: Multidisciplinary committees; informed consent; patient security; elapsed time between diagnosis and treatment; tumour registry; treatment protocols. Colorectal cancer: Histopathology report and markers; chemotherapy for advanced/metastatic cancer; evaluation of staging of colorectal cancer; liver metastases; adjuvant chemotherapy; evaluation of history family; biological therapy and RAS gene mutation; radiotherapy; quality of surgical notes. Breast cancer: Histopathology report and markers; initial staging; hormonotherapy; other treatments; elapsed time between histological diagnosis and treatment and between surgery and adjuvant treatment; pre-operative assessment and conservative surgery focused on the armpit; access availability to initial radiological studies.Lung cancer: Histopathology report and markers; initial staging; elapsed time between histological diagnosis and treatment; concomitant chemoradiotherapy; evaluation of chemotherapy response; adjuvant chemotherapy; elapsed time till the completion of staging; surgery; chemotherapy with good functional status; adjuvant radiotherapy; concomitant chemoradiotherapy for small cell lung cancer. End of life: Organisation of palliative care; outpatient attention; identify patients; access to care; pain management; information availability; psycosociological support; constipation management; counselling of family after death. Conclusions: The indicators constitute a reference model based on standards in order to measure care quality and to compare achieved results among health institutions.
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Fu, Yiru, Chunxia Qin, Mengting Li, et al. "Comparative Evaluation of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET for Initial N and M Staging in Gastric Cancer: A Study Against Histopathology and Contrast-Enhanced CT." Clinical Nuclear Medicine 50, no. 5 (2025): 394–403. https://doi.org/10.1097/rlu.0000000000005795.
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Purpose: To evaluate the efficiency of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET (PET/MRI or PET/CT) for N and M staging in gastric carcinoma and compare outcomes with histopathology and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). Patients and Methods: Patients with gastric carcinoma who had undergone 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MRI or PET/CT before treatment were retrospectively enrolled. Histopathology post lymphadenectomy was the gold standard for N staging, while histopathology and follow-up data were the reference for overall outcomes. The diagnostic efficiency of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET for detecting regional lymph node involvement and distant metastases was compared to that of CECT. Results: Sixty-two patients were enrolled. In 18 patients who underwent 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MRI and lymphadenectomy, 532 lymph nodes were dissected. 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MRI showed similar sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy compared to CECT (28.3% vs. 23.2%, 99.8% vs. 99.3%, and 86.5% vs. 85.2%, all P > 0.05). Fifty-five patients had regional lymph node metastasis, 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET exhibited comparable diagnostic efficiency to CECT, with sensitivity of 83.6% versus 87.3%, specificity of 100% versus 85.7%, accuracy of 85.5% versus 87.1% (all P > 0.05). Excluding 3 patients with only abdominal CECT, 32 out of 59 patients had distant metastasis, with no significant differences in sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy between 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET and CECT based on patient (100% vs. 87.5%, 92.6% vs. 96.3%, and 96.6% vs. 91.5%, all P >0.05). Notably, 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET outperformed CECT in detecting peritoneal, distant lymph nodes, bone, liver, and ovarian metastases by visualizing more lesions or greater lesion extent. Conclusions: 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET exhibits comparable diagnostic performance to CECT for patient-based N staging and M staging of gastric cancer. However, it surpasses CECT in visualizing distant metastases.
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Engels, Svenja, Lutz Brautmeier, Lena Reinhardt, et al. "Evaluation of Fast Molecular Detection of Lymph Node Metastases in Prostate Cancer Patients Using One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA)." Cancers 13, no. 5 (2021): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13051117.
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Background: In clinical routine, only fractions of lymph nodes (LNs) are examined histopathologically, often resulting in missed (micro-)metastases and incorrect staging of prostate cancer (PCa). One-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) analyzes the entire LN by detecting cytokeratin 19 (CK19) mRNA as a surrogate for LN metastases requiring less effort than conventional biomolecular techniques. We aimed to evaluate performance of OSNA in detecting sentinel LN (SLN) metastases in PCa. Methods: SLNs (n = 534) of 64 intermediate- or high-risk PCa patients undergoing radical prostatectomy with extended and sentinel-guided lymphadenectomy were cut into slices and alternatingly assigned to OSNA and histopathology (hematoxylin-eosin staining, CK19, and CK AE1/AE3 immunohistochemistry). Sensitivity and specificity of OSNA and concordance and measure of agreement (Cohen’s kappa (κ)) between OSNA and histopathology were assessed. Results: Histopathology revealed metastases in 76 SLNs. Sensitivity and specificity of OSNA were 84.2% and 96.1%, respectively. Discordant results were recorded for 30 of 534 SLNs, revealing high concordance (94.4%). Twenty-four discordant cases were classified as micrometastases, indicating a possible allocation bias. In 18 cases, positive results were conferred only by OSNA resulting in seven LN-positive patients who were missed by histopathology. Overall, the level of agreement was high (κ = 0.78). Conclusions: OSNA provided a diagnosis that was as least as accurate as detailed histological examination and might improve LN staging in PCa.
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Moreira, Ana Sofia Linhares, Vera Ribeiro, Giacomo Aringhieri, et al. "Endometrial Cancer Staging: Is There Value in ADC?" Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 5 (2023): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13050728.
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Purpose: To assess the ability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements in predicting the histological grade of endometrial cancer. A secondary goal was to assess the agreement between MRI and surgical staging as an accurate measurement. Methods: Patients with endometrial cancers diagnosed between 2018–2020 and having received both MRI and surgical staging were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were characterized according to histology, tumor size, FIGO stage (MRI and surgical stage), and functional MRI parameters (DCE and DWI/ADC). Statistical analysis was performed to determine if an association could be identified between ADC variables and histology grade. Secondarily, we assessed the degree of agreement between the MRI and surgical stages according to the FIGO classification. Results: The cohort included 45 women with endometrial cancer. Quantitative analysis of ADC variables did not find a statistically significant association with histological tumor grades. DCE showed higher sensitivity than DWI/ADC in the assessment of myometrial invasion (85.00% versus 65.00%) with the same specificity (80.00%). A good agreement between MRI and histopathology for the FIGO stage was found (kappa of 0.72, p < 0.01). Differences in staging between MRI and surgery were detected in eight cases, which could not be justified by the interval between MRI and surgery. Conclusions. ADC values were not useful for predicting endometrial cancer grade, despite the good agreement between MRI interpretation and histopathology of endometrial cancer staging at our center.
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Nisar, Piriha, Varsha, Sanjna, Shaista Shoukat, and Abdul Samad. "Diagnostic Accuracy of Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Diagnosing and Staging Urinary Bladder Carcinoma, Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard." Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal 6, no. 3 (2025): 5–8. https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v6i3.1583.
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Urinary bladder carcinoma is a common malignancy with significant morbidity and mortality. Accurate diagnosis and staging are essential for guiding treatment decisions. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) provides a non-invasive approach for evaluating bladder tumours; however, its diagnostic accuracy compared to histopathology, the gold standard, requires validation. Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced MRI in diagnosing and staging urinary bladder carcinoma in comparison to histopathological findings. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, from September 1, 2024, to February 28, 2025, following ethical approval. A total of 25 patients aged ≥18 years, of either gender, with clinical suspicion of urinary bladder carcinoma, were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling. Patients with contraindications to MRI or a history of contrast allergy were excluded. All patients underwent CE-MRI followed by cystoscopic biopsy for histopathological confirmation. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of CE-MRI were calculated by comparing MRI findings with histopathological results. Results: CE-MRI demonstrated a sensitivity of 53.85%, specificity of 75%, and an overall diagnostic accuracy of 64% in detecting and staging urinary bladder carcinoma. Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced MRI shows moderate diagnostic accuracy in the detection and staging of urinary bladder carcinoma. While it provides valuable non-invasive insights, its limited sensitivity underscores the continued importance of histopathology for definitive diagnosis.
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Iman, Mohammad Said Jallod, Kareem Abdulla Aliaa, Mahdi Dhaneen, and A. Al-fahham Ali. "The Histopathology and Treatment Strategies of Adenocarcinoma." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH & MEDICAL RESEARCH 03, no. 12 (2024): 893–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14413200.
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Adenocarcinoma is a cancer of glandular tissue and, therefore, poses considerable problems for diagnosis and treatment. The diverse nature of this cancer mandates a proper staging system for the guidance of treatment approaches for better patient outcomes. Advances in molecular biology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry in recent years have contributed significantly to our understanding of adenocarcinoma, especially as it appears in the lung and gastrointestinal systems. This review attempts to synthesize the present knowledge about the classification of adenocarcinoma and the various treatment modalities with more stress on the clinical applications, while at the same time indicating areas that are not known and where further research should be directed.
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Gill, Sadaf, Sarah Nisar, Lubna Sarfraz, Khaula Sidra, Arshad Faheem, and Naima Mujahid. "Diagnostic Accuracy of MDCT (Multidetector Computed Tomography) for Staging of Renal Cell Carcinoma." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 7 (2021): 1471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211571471.
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Background: The advancement in technology has introduced multi-detector CT scanners and achievement of better spatial resolution with faster acquisition has become a possibility. The three-dimensional reformatted images along with multiplanar reconstructions upgrade the staging capabilities for RCC. Aim: To check accuracy of MDCT (Multi-detector Computed tomography) in staging renal cell carcinoma with histopathology taken as the gold standard. Study design: The study is a descriptive cross sectional study. Settings: Radiology Department, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur Study duration: 16"' January 2019 to 15"' July 2019. Methods 157 patients (including both genders) were included with age range of 25-60 years, showing features of renal cell carcinoma on ultrasonography. Those Patients with renal mass other than renal cell carcinoma, solitary functioning kidney and pregnant females were eliminated from the study. All the selected patients had Multi-detector CT scan abdomen performed. Results: Mean age was 44.66+9.3 I years. Out of these 157 patients, there were 90(57.32) male patients and 67 (42.68°/c) females with ratio of I.3: I. All the patients had CT scan of abdomen and pelvis. The results showed that 8I of the patients were True Positive and only 08 were False Positive. Out of 68 CT negative patients, 07 (False Negative) showed renal cell carcinoma on histopathology while 6 I True Negative patients had no evidence of RCC on histopathology (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Multi-detector CT scan is a very sensitive yet accurate non - invasive method for staging renal cell ca. Keywords: Renal cell carcinoma, multidetector CT scan, imaging, sensitivity
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A. N., Hemalatha. "Staging of Cytological Smears in HIV Lymphadenitis and Correlation with Histopathology." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 6, no. 46 (2019): 2931–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2019/611.
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Bien, C. G., H. Urbach, M. Deckert, et al. "Diagnosis and staging of Rasmussen’s encephalitis by serial MRI and histopathology." Neurology 58, no. 2 (2002): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.58.2.250.
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TALBOT, I. C., J. P. NEOPTOLEMOS, D. E. SHAW, and D. CARR-LOCKE. "The histopathology and staging of carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater." Histopathology 12, no. 2 (1988): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1988.tb01926.x.
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Elias, Jorge, Ersan Altun, Steven Zacks, Diane M. Armao, John T. Woosley, and Richard C. Semelka. "MRI findings in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: correlation with histopathology and clinical staging." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 27, no. 7 (2009): 976–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2009.02.002.
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Suhendra, Hadi, Fajrinur Syarani, Syamsul Bihar, and Putri Chairani Eyanoer. "CT Guided TTNA and Core Biopsy in Suspected Lung Cancer, Review of Cases in Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan." Respiratory Science 2, no. 1 (2021): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36497/respirsci.v2i1.27.
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ounds: The cytological and histopathological findings establish the type of lung cancer cells as the definitive diagnosis of lung cancer. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of lung cancer patients in terms of age, mean age, gender, staging, the proportion of lung cancer cells by cytologic examination of Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (TTNA) and histopathologic evaluation from CT-guided core biopsy. Method: This is a descriptive study involving 42 subjects diagnosed with lung cancer at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2016-2020 that met the inclusion criteria through consecutive sampling. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics for categorical variables. Results: Of 42 study subjects, the 60–71-year age group had the highest percentage of lung cancer (42.9%). Male (71.4%) was higher than female, the most common lung cancer staging was IVA (57.1%), and adenocarcinoma was found to be the most frequent type of lung cancer in both cytology (33.3%) and histopathology (31.0%). Conclusion: We concluded that core biopsy is superior in diagnosing lung cancer compared to TTNA.
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Kuzyk, Yu.I. "Biomechanical Bases of Forecasting Occurrence of Carotid Atherosclerosis." Annals of Circulation 1, no. 1 (2016): 001–6. https://doi.org/10.17352/ac.000001.
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Breast lymphomas are a rare sighting and image findings are non-pathognomonic often mimicing different forms of invasive breast cancer. Nevertheless, multimodal imaging and subsequent histopathology are crucial for diagnosis and treatment. To draw attention to this very rare entity, we present a case of a 74 year old female patient with a tumorous mass in the left maxillary sinus. The subsequent wholebody staging CT revealed an additional multicentric lesion of the right breast suggesting breast cancer. Histopathology of both lesions resulted in the diagnosis of a diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
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Gray, S. L., G. O'Neill, and G. McGarry. "The predictive value of structured ultrasonographic staging for thyroid nodules." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 128, no. 10 (2014): 914–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215114002072.
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AbstractBackground:‘R staging’ is a new ultrasonographic scoring system developed and used by our specialist head and neck radiologist for reporting sonographic risk of malignancy to those at our thyroid multidisciplinary team meeting. This study aimed to: classify the R staging system, examine its relationship with the eventual histopathological diagnosis and define its clinical utility.Methods:The pre-operative ultrasound scans of 78 patients were assigned an R status by our specialist head and neck radiologist. The final histopathology report for each thyroid nodule was used as the ‘gold standard’ for analysis.Results:When thyroid nodules were classified as low risk (R stages 1–3) or high risk (R stages 4–5) for malignancy, the sensitivity of R staging was 74.2 per cent and specificity was 80.9 per cent. An R5 status was 100 per cent predictive of malignancy.Conclusion:Our results compare favourably with other suggested ultrasonographic staging systems for thyroid nodules.
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Hosch, Stefan B., Nikolas H. Stoecklein, U. Pichlmeier, et al. "Esophageal Cancer: The Mode of Lymphatic Tumor Cell Spread and Its Prognostic Significance." Journal of Clinical Oncology 19, no. 7 (2001): 1970–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2001.19.7.1970.
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PURPOSE: Data on skip metastases and their significance are lacking for esophageal cancer. This issue is important to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy for esophageal resection. In this study we examined the lymphatic spread in esophageal cancer by routine histopathology and by immunohistochemistry.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 1,584 resected lymph nodes were obtained from 86 patients with resected esophageal carcinoma and evaluated by routine histopathology. Additionally, frozen tissue sections of 540 lymph nodes classified as tumor-free by routine histopathology were screened for micrometastases by immunohistochemistry with the monoclonal antibody Ber-EP4. The lymph nodes were mapped according to the mapping scheme of the American Thoracic Society modified by Casson et al.RESULTS: Forty-four patients (51%) had pN1 disease, and 61 patients (71%) harbored lymphatic micrometastases detected by immunohistochemistry. Skip metastases detected by routine histopathology were present in 34% of pN1 patients. Skipping of micrometastases detected by immunohistochemistry was found in 66%. The presence of micrometastases was associated with a significantly decreased relapse-free and overall survival (56.0 v 10.0 months and > 64 v 15 months, P < .0001 and P = .004, respectively). Cox regression analysis revealed the independent prognostic influence of micrometastases in lymph nodes. Lymph node skipping had no significant independent prognostic influence on survival.CONCLUSION: Histopathologically and immunohistochemically detectable skip metastases are a frequent event in esophageal cancer. Only extensive lymph node sampling, in conjunction with immunohistochemical evaluation, will lead to accurate staging. An improved staging system is essential for more individualized adjuvant therapy.
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Tan, Jason, Naven Chetty, Srinivas Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan, et al. "Validation of the FIGO 2009 Staging System for Carcinoma of the Vulva." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 22, no. 3 (2012): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0b013e318241d994.
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BackgroundThe previous (1988) International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) vulval cancer staging system failed in 3 important areas: (1) stage 1 and 2 disease showed similar survival; (2) stage 3 represented a most heterogeneous group of patients with a wide survival range; and (3) the number and morphology of positive nodes were not taken into account.ObjectiveTo compare the 1988 FIGO vulval carcinoma staging system with that of 2009 with regard to stage migration and prognostication.MethodsInformation on all patients treated for vulval cancer at the Queensland Centre for Gynecological Cancers, Australia, between 1988 to the present was obtained. Data included patients’ characteristics as well as details on histopathology, treatments, and follow-up. We recorded the original 1988 FIGO stage, reviewed all patients’ histopathology information, and restaged all patients to the 2009 FIGO staging system. Data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method to compare relapse-free survival and overall survival.ResultsData from 394 patients with primary vulval carcinoma were eligible for analysis. Patients with stage IA disease remained unchanged. Tumors formerly classified as stage II are now classified as stage IB. Therefore, FIGO 2009 stage II has become rare, with only 6 of 394 patients allocated to stage II. Stage III has been broken down into 3 substages, thus creating distinct differences in relapse-free survival and overall survival. Prognosis of patients with stage IIIC disease is remarkably poor.ConclusionThe FIGO 2009 staging system for vulval carcinoma successfully addresses some concerns of the 1988 system. Especially, it identifies high-risk patients within the heterogeneous group of lymph node–positive patients.
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Jana, Taron. "Secondary Breast Lymphoma: A Case Report." Secondary Breast Lymphoma: A Case Report 2, no. 2 (2017): 019–21. https://doi.org/10.17352/ahcrr.000010.
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Breast lymphomas are a rare sighting and image fi ndings are non -pathognomonic often mimicing different forms of invasive breast cancer. Nevertheless, multim odal imaging and subsequent histopathology are crucial for diagnosis and treatment. To draw attention to t his very rare entity, we present a case of a 74 year old female patient with a tumorous mass in the left m axillary sinus. The subsequent whole- body staging CT revealed an additional multicentric lesion of t he right breast suggesting breast cancer. Histopathology of both lesions resulted in the diagnosis of a d iffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
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Sanap, Arun Sudhakar, Medha D. Davile, Anusha A. Kamath, and Shuchita R. Mundle. "Frozen in Time: Intraoperative Diagnosis and Management of Malignant Transformation in Mature Cystic Teratoma." Journal of Mid-life Health 15, no. 2 (2024): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jmh.jmh_253_23.
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ABSTRACT Malignant transformation (MCT) of ovary is rare complications affecting elderly, squamous cell carcinoma being the most common. The prognosis worsens with extraovarian spread. We present two cases of MCT-derived SCC. Patients exhibited abdominal lump, pain, bowel symptoms, sometimes with weight loss; imaging revealed MCT. Age (51–60), postmenopausal status, large size (>20 cm), bilaterality, and complex ovarian lesions raised suspicion of malignancy. Elevated tumor markers (e.g., cancer antigen-125 and lactate dehydrogenase) were noted in one case. Intraoperative frozen section confirmed malignancy, guiding staging laparotomy. One case was advanced stage on histopathology. Intraoperative frozen section aids optimal staging.
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Alqaidy, Doaa. "Thymoma: An Overview." Diagnostics 13, no. 18 (2023): 2982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13182982.
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Thymomas are considered one of the most prevalent types of mediastinal epithelial tumors, which frequently develop in the anterior mediastinum. Due to their rarity, these tumors’ nomenclature, classification, and staging are likely to be the subject of debate and argument for most expert pathologists. Furthermore, the significance of thymoma histologic classifications have been debated over the past twenty years. While certain advocates argue that staging at the time of diagnosis is more significant, others believe that histologic subtyping has a significant impact on how patients behave clinically. In this review, we will focus on some of the challenges that diagnostic surgical pathologists may experience while evaluating the histopathology of thymomas and staging these tumors. We will additionally glance over the clinical characteristics of these distinct tumors and the current management strategy.
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Goh, Julian, and Keith Lim. "Imaging of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 38, no. 9 (2009): 809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v38n9p809.
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Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a unique disease that shows clinical behaviour, epidemiology and histopathology that is different from that of other squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now the preferred imaging modality in the assessment and staging of NPC, especially in relation to its superior soft tissue contrast, ability to demonstrate perineural tumour spread, parapharyngeal space, bone marrow involvement and its ability to show the involvement of adjacent structures, such as the adjacent paranasal sinuses and intracranial extension. An understanding of its patterns of spread and the criteria used in the AJCC TNM staging system is important to relay the relevant information to the referring clinician, so that appropriate treatment planning decisions may be made. In this article, the various features of NPC that are pertinent to staging and treatment planning will be discussed, inclusive of locoregional spread, nodal involvement and metastatic disease. Key words: Magnetic resonance imaging, Staging
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Cote, Adrian, Florin Graur, Andrei Lebovici, et al. "THE ACCURACY OF ENDORECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN RECTAL CANCER STAGING." Medicine and Pharmacy Reports 88, no. 3 (2015): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-481.
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS. The incidence of rectal cancer in the European Union is about 35% of the total colorectal cancer incidence. Staging rectal cancer is important for planning treatment. It is essential for the management of rectal cancer to have adequate preoperative imaging, because accurate staging can influence the therapeutic strategy, type of resection, and candidacy for neoadjuvant therapy. The aim of this work is to evaluate the accuracy of endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) in rectal cancer staging.METHODS. A retrospective study was performed to assess the accuracy of ERUS by analyzing patients discharged from Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (IRGH) Cluj-Napoca, Romania, diagnosed with rectal cancer between 01 January 2011 and 31 December 2013. Patients who were preoperatively staged by other imaging methods and those who had ERUS performed in another service were excluded from the analysis. As inclusion criteria remained ERUS performed for patients with rectal cancer in IRGH Cluj-Napoca where they were also operated. We analyzed preoperative T stage obtained by ERUS and it was compared with the histopathology findings.RESULTS. The number of patients discharged with a diagnosis of rectal cancer were 200 (operated – 157) in 2011, 193 (operated – 151) in 2012, and 198 (operated – 142) in 2013. We analyzed a total of 51 cases diagnosed with rectal cancer who performed ERUS in IRGH Cluj-Napoca. The results according to the T stage obtained by ERUS and histopathology test were:Under-stage T2= 25.0%, T3=7.9% of cases;Over-stage T2=25.0%, T3=31.6% and T4=60.0% of cases.Less than 20% of patients underwent preoperative radio-chemotherapy.CONCLUSIONS. ERUS is a method of staging rectal cancer which is human dependent. ERUS is less accurate for T staging of stenotic tumours, but the accuracy may still be within acceptable limits. Surgeons use ERUS to adopt a treatment protocol, knowing the risk of under-staging and over-staging of this method. The accuracy of ERUS is higher in diagnosing rectal cancer in stages T1, T2 and even in stage T3 with malignant tumor which is not occlusive. ERUS is less accurate for T staging of locally advanced and stenotic tumours.
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Jager, G. J., E. T. Ruijter, C. A. van de Kaa, et al. "Local staging of prostate cancer with endorectal MR imaging: correlation with histopathology." American Journal of Roentgenology 166, no. 4 (1996): 845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.166.4.8610561.
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Zbären, P., M. Becker, and H. Läng. "Staging of laryngeal cancer: Endoscopy, computed tomography and magnetic resonance versus histopathology." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 254, S1 (1997): S117—S122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02439740.
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Convie, L., RJ Thompson, R. Kennedy, WDB Clements, PD Carey, and JA Kennedy. "The Current Role of Staging Laparoscopy in Oesophagogastric Cancer." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 97, no. 2 (2015): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588414x14055925061270.
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Introduction Oesophagogastric cancers are known to spread rapidly to locoregional lymph nodes and by transcoelomic spread to the peritoneal cavity. Staging laparoscopy combined with peritoneal cytology can detect advanced disease that may not be apparent on other staging investigations. The aim of this study was to determine the current value of staging laparoscopy and peritoneal cytology in light of the ubiquitous use of computed tomography in all oesophagogastric cancers and the addition of positron emission tomography in oesophageal cancer. Methods All patients undergoing staging laparoscopy for distal oesophageal or gastric cancer between March 2007 and August 2013 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Demographic details, preoperative staging, staging laparoscopy findings, cytology and histopathology results were analysed. Results A total of 317 patients were identified: 159 (50.1%) had gastric adenocarcinoma, 136 (43.0%) oesophageal adenocarcinoma and 22 (6.9%) oesophageal squamous carcinoma. Staging laparoscopy revealed macroscopic metastases in 36 patients (22.6%) with gastric adenocarcinoma and 16 patients (11.8%) with oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Positive peritoneal cytology in the absence of macroscopic peritoneal metastases was identified in a further five patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and six patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma. There was no significant difference in survival between patients with macroscopic peritoneal disease and those with positive peritoneal cytology (p=0.219). Conclusions Staging laparoscopy and peritoneal cytology should be performed routinely in the staging of distal oesophageal and gastric cancers where other investigations indicate resectability. Currently, in our opinion, patients with positive peritoneal cytology should not be treated with curative intent.
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Hol, Kishorkumar, Shweta S. Mishra, Sameer Darawade, and Hemant Damle. "Prospective comparative study between colposcopy and histopathology for diagnosis of CIN and carcinoma cervix." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 9 (2019): 3661. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193793.
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Background: Cervical cancer develops from precursor lesions and detection of these lesions is of utmost importance. The detection of precancerous lesions is made with help of screening tests most important include PAP smear and colposcopy. So we conducted this study to understand the role of colposcopy in down staging of Carcinoma cervix.Methods: We performed a prospective study between Jan 2018 to Dec 2018 on 180 subjects chosen from patients who sought consultation for various gynaecological complaints between age group of 18-60 years. A Pap smear followed by a colposcopy was performed and colposcopic directed biopsies were taken and subjected to histolopathological examination.Results: Colposcopy had a sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 78.5%, PPV of 68.9% for CIN 1. It had a sensitivity of 90.9%, specificity of 95.2%, PPV of 83.33% for CIN 2 and 3 when co related with gold standard histopathology which is much higher as compared to Pap smear.Conclusions: Colposcopy is an effective tool in down staging of Carcinoma cervix.
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Kenworthy, Matthew Keith, Sarah Jane Kenworthy, Paolo De Guzman, and Nigel Morlet. "Conjunctival amelanotic melanoma presenting as a multifocal pink lesion." BMJ Case Reports 15, no. 12 (2022): e250682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-250682.
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Conjunctival amelanotic malignant melanoma is a rare form of melanoma, which lacks visible pigment and is commonly located underneath the eyelids in the bulbar conjunctiva. In this report, we described a case of a Caucasian women in her 70s who presented with unilateral irritation and tenderness following cataract surgery. On eversion of the eyelid, two elevated pink lesions were noted. Tumour - Node - Metastasis staging with the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system eighth edition was T3C and required multiple excisions and reconstruction procedures. This case exemplified the diagnostic pitfall of conjunctival amelanotic malignant melanoma, which is a potentially life-threatening disease and the importance of histopathology in the diagnostic process.
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Rovera, Guido, Serena Grimaldi, Marco Oderda, et al. "Comparative Performance of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and Conventional Imaging in the Primary Staging of High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients Who Are Candidates for Radical Prostatectomy." Diagnostics 14, no. 17 (2024): 1964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171964.
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This prospective study aimed to (1) compare the diagnostic performance of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT with respect to conventional imaging (computed tomography (CT) and bone scintigraphy (BS)) in the primary staging of high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients and (2) validate PSMA-PET/CT accuracy in pelvic nodal staging in comparison with postoperative histopathology and assess PSMA-PET/CT’s impact on patient management. Sixty castration-sensitive high-risk (ISUP 4–5 and/or PSA > 20 ng/mL and/or cT3) PCa patients eligible for radical prostatectomy were enrolled (median PSA 10.10 [IQR: 6.22–17.95] ng/mL). PSMA-PET/CT, compared with CT, identified nodal (N) and/or distant metastases (M1) in 56.7% (34/60) vs. 13.3% (8/60) (p < 0.001) of patients: N + 45% vs. 13.3% (p < 0.001), M1a 11.7% vs. 1.7% (p = 0.03), M1b 23.3% vs. 1.7% (p < 0.001). Compared with BS, PSMA-PET/CT localized unknown skeletal metastases in 15% (9/60) of cases, with no false negative findings. Overall, PSMA-PET/CT led to a TNM upstaging in 45.0% (27/60) of cases, with no evidence of downstaging, resulting in a change in management in up to 28.8% (17/59) of patients. Compared with histopathology data (n = 32 patients), the per-patient accuracy of PSMA-PET/TC for detecting pelvic nodal metastases was 90.6%. Overall, the above evidence supports the use of PSMA-PET/CT in the diagnostic workup of high-risk prostate cancer staging.
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Kumari, Gitanjali, Suchita Dahabadkar, and Vaishali Taralekar. "A Case Series of Ovarian Tumor." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 4 (2020): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijog.2321.1636.8420.14.
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Introduction: Ovarian-cancer is the 3rd mostcommon cancer in Indian-women, accounting for 3% of all malignancies and 6% of deaths from cancer. It is 5th most-common cause of death from malignancy in women.1 Case-presentation: This is a cases-series of 4 cases Case 1 62 year, postmenopausal-woman with abdominalpain and ultrasound report of 109x82x87mm rightovarian-simple-cyst of (410cc), Ca-125 -> 8.50, posted for Laparotomy. A 15x 10cm right- ovarian-cyst removed. Frozen-section -> benign. Histopathology-> serous-cystadenoma Case 2 43-year, nulligravida. With pain-abdomen, posted for laparoscopic-cholecystectomy for gall-bladderpolyp with intraoperative findings of bulky-ovaries with ascitic-fluid showing malignant-cells , Ca-125 -> 66 , ultrasound s/o enlarged (7.6x6.4 cm) right-ovary, .Posted for exploratory-Laparotomy .Bulky irregularovaries removed. Frozen-section ->granulosa-cell tumour, Histopathology-metastatic adenocarcinoma / malignant sex-cord-stromal tumour. Case 3 70-year-old, COVID-19-positive patient referred for ovarian-torsion, with Ca125 - 8.7. Ultrasound -> 66x55 mm left adnexal-cyst with torsion; Posted for leftovariotomy + right-salpingoophorectomy. A 7x7cm left-sided-haemorrhagic-ovarian-Cyst removed. Histopathology -> serous-cystadenofibroma.Case 4 67-year-old postmenopausal-woman with painabdomen, Ca-125-154, ultrasound showing 14 x 7.5cm right-ovarian-complex-cyst, posted for Exploratorylaparotomy, a 15x15 cm twisted-right-ovarianhaemorrhagic cyst removed. Frozen-section->benign Histopathology ->Rt ovary- serous-cystadenoma + torsion Discussion: Ovarian cancer has nonspecificsymptoms resembling those of less serious conditions. Eg. Pain-abdomen. Staging-laparotomy with frozen-section remains the preferred approach for ovarian-tumors. Conclusion: In my case-series 3/4 women were postmenopausal, all presented with vague symptoms of pain-abdomen. Frozen-section may not be conclusive in every case, hence staging-laparotomy is ideal modality of management.
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Ferreira, Teresa A., Carolina F. Pinheiro, Paulo Saraiva, et al. "MR and CT Imaging of the Normal Eyelid and its Application in Eyelid Tumors." Cancers 12, no. 3 (2020): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12030658.
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T-staging of most eyelid malignancies includes the assessment of the integrity of the tarsal plate and orbital septum, which are not clinically accessible. Given the contribution of MRI in the characterization of orbital tumors and establishing their relations to nearby structures, we assessed its value in identifying different eyelid structures in 38 normal eyelids and evaluating tumor extension in three cases of eyelid tumors. As not all patients can receive an MRI, we evaluated those same structures on CT and compared both results. All eyelid structures were identified on MRI and CT, except for the conjunctiva on both techniques and for the tarsal muscles on CT. Histopathology confirmed the MRI findings of orbital septum invasion in one patient, and the MRI findings of intact tarsus and orbital septum in another patient. Histopathology could not confirm or exclude tarsal invasion seen on MRI on two patients. Although imaging the eyelid is challenging, the identification of most eyelid structures is possible with MRI and, to a lesser extent, with CT and can, therefore, have an important contribution to the T-staging of eyelid tumors, which may improve treatment planning and outcome.
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James, Sheen Maria, Robert P. Ambooken, Rahul Raj K., Vipin Krishnan, and Manu Joseph. "Efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of myometrial invasion of carcinoma endometrium." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 5 (2019): 1638. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191651.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the fourth most common cancer in females and the most common malignancy of the female reproductive tract. The prognosis of endometrial carcinoma depends on a number of factors, including stage, depth of myometrial invasion, lympho-vascular invasion, nodal status and histologic grade. Preoperative assessment with MRI is essential for planning surgery and lymph node sampling. The objectives of this study were to determine the myometrial invasion of endometrial carcinoma by MRI and to obtain histopathology in surgically resected specimen, to compare the MRI findings of myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma with histopathology in respectable cases.Methods: Authors analyzed 41 cases in whom, histopathological diagnosis of carcinoma endometrium was established by means of pre-treatment biopsy. Consenting patients were taken up for preoperative MRI FIGO staging. MR images were reviewed for parameters like depth of myometrial invasion. Further surgical management followed by histopathological FIGO staging was done.Results: The study showed MRI was highly sensitive and specific tool for identifying depth of myometrial invasion, cervical invasion, serosal invasion, vaginal and parametrial invasion.Conclusions: There was statistically significant difference between histopathological and MRI assessment of local invasion of endometrial carcinoma.
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Broggi, Giuseppe, Andrea Russo, Michele Reibaldi, et al. "Histopathology and Genetic Biomarkers of Choroidal Melanoma." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (2020): 8081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228081.
Full textAbstract:
Choroidal melanoma (CM), despite its rarity, is the most frequent intraocular malignancy. Over time, several histological variants of CM have been distinguished, including spindle A and B cell, fascicular, epithelioid and necrotic type. However, they have been progressively abandoned as having no prognostic value and currently, the American Joint Committee of Cancer (AJCC) classification identifies three CM cell types: spindle, epithelioid and mixed cell type. Other rare histological variants of CM include: (i) diffuse melanoma; (ii) clear cell; and (iii) balloon cell melanoma. Immunohistochemically, CMs are stained with Human Melanoma Black 45 (HMB45) antigen, S-100 protein, Melan-A (also known as melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1/MART-1), melanocyte inducing transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, vimentin, and Sex determining region Y-Box 10 (SOX10). Several genetic and histopathological prognostic factors of CM have been reported in the literature, including epithelioid cell type, TNM staging, extraocular extension, monosomy 3 and 6p gain and loss of BAP-1 gene. The aim of this review was to summarize the histopathological, immunohistochemical and genetic features of CM, establishing “the state of the art” and providing colleagues with practical tools to promptly deal with patients affected by this rare malignant neoplasm.