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1
Planchette, Yoanna. "The Old Testament Prophecy of the Resurrection of the Dry Bones between the West and Byzantium." Arts 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts10010010.
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The imagery of the vision of the valley of dry bones (Ezek 37. 1–14) still fascinates theologians and historians of religion with its exegetical and liturgical significance. Rarely represented in medieval art, the iconography of this singular topic related to the Last Judgment deserves closer attention on the part of art historians. The aim of the present contribution is to remedy this situation by offering an analysis of the main pictorial representations of Ezekiel’s prophecy within the medieval East and West. This paper examines the evolution of the theme from the first pictorial evidence from Mesopotamia through the Roman late antique funerary sculpture into the Catalan and Germanic illuminated manuscript production from 11th and 12th centuries. Then, the field of the investigation broadens by taking into consideration the Byzantine artistic patterns of Ezekiel’s vision of the resurrection of the dead. Finally, this paper accents the multilayered contribution of the mural paintings from the Balkan cultural field. In order to reconsider this subject through the prism of the artistic interactions between East and West, the continuity of an ancient pictorial tradition that seems to have been previously neglected is highlighted.
2
Law, Robin. "The Original Manuscript Version of William Snelgrave's New Account of Some Parts of Guinea." History in Africa 17 (January 1990): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171826.
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Captain William Snelgrave's A New Account of Some Parts of Guinea, and the Slave Trade, first published in 1734, is a work well known to historians of West Africa. The largest and most valuable section of it comprises a detailed account of voyages by the author in 1727 and 1730 to the ports of Whydah and Jakin on the Slave Coast, then recently conquered by Dahomey, and offers the earliest extended account of the latter kingdom to be published. The information in Snelgrave's book can also be supplemented by records of testimony which he provided on two occasions, in 1726 and 1731, before the Commissioners for Trade and Plantations in London.Snelgrave was a slave-trading captain with, at the time of his book's publication, some thirty years' experience of the West African trade. The details of his career are documented principally from his book, which in addition to the voyages of 1727 and 1730 (which form its principal subject), also alludes to several earlier slave-trading voyages undertaken by him. Snelgrave's first voyage to Africa, in which he served as purser on a ship commanded by his father, was to Old Calabar in 1704; a second voyage to Old Calabar was undertaken in 1713, a voyage to Sierra Leone (on which Snelgrave was captured by pirates) in 1719, and a voyage to the Gold Coast in 1721-22. This is not, however, a comprehensive catalog of Snelgrave's voyages, since he also alludes to having visited Whydah on “several voyages” before 1727. Other evidence documents two such earlier voyages by Snelgrave to Whydah, in 1717 and 1725. He was apparently still alive in 1735, the year after the publication of his book, when he is mentioned among a group of people involved in legal proceedings to press claims on the estate of Patrick West, a recently deceased merchant of Antigua.
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Hann, John H. "Summary Guide to Spanish Florida Missions and Visitas With Churches in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries." Americas 46, no. 4 (April 1990): 417–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1006866.
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The early European presence in California and in the American Southwest in general is identified with missions. Although missions were equally important in Spanish Florida and at an earlier date, the average American does not associate missions with Florida or Georgia. Indeed, as David Hurst Thomas observed in a recent monograph on the archaeological exploration of a site of the Franciscan mission of Santa Catalina de Guale on Georgia's St. Catherines Island, the numerous missions of Spanish Florida have remained little known even in scholarly circles. And as Charles Hudson has noted, this ignorance or amnesia has extended to awareness of the native peoples who inhabited those Southeastern missions or were in contact with them, even though these aboriginal inhabitants of the Southeast “possessed the richest culture of any of the native people north of Mexico … by almost any measure.” Fortunately, as Thomas remarked in the above-mentioned monograph, “a new wave of interest in mission archaeology is sweeping the American Southeast.” This recent and ongoing work holds the promise of having a more lasting impact than its historical counterpart of a half-century or so ago in the work of Herbert E. Bolton, Fr. Maynard Geiger, OFM, Mary Ross, and John Tate Lanning. Over the fifty odd years since Lanning's Spanish Missions of Georgia appeared, historians and archaeologists have made significant contributions to knowledge about sites in Spanish Florida where missions or mission outstations and forts or European settlements were established. But to date no one has compiled a comprehensive listing from a historian's perspective of the mission sites among them to which one may turn for the total number of such establishments, their general location, time of foundation, length of occupation, moving, circumstances of their demise and the tribal affiliation of the natives whom they served. This catalog and its sketches attempt to meet that need.
4
Guze, Justyna. "CATALOGUES OF ENGRAVINGS – ITALIAN ONES FROM THE NATIONAL MUSEUM IN WROCŁAW AND FRENCH ONES FROM THE NATIONAL MUSEUM IN SZCZECIN." Muzealnictwo 59 (June 26, 2018): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1437.
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At the turn of 2017 and 2018, with the date 2017 printed in the colophon, two catalogues of engravings’ collections were published: old Italian prints from the collection of the National Museum in Wrocław, and French prints from the National Museum in Szczecin. The collection of Wrocław contains groups of artworks by the best Italian engravers from the Renaissance to the 18th century, and a small representation of the 19th century. An introduction to the catalogue gives the history, the scope and the contents of the collection as well as the brief history of the engraving art on the Apennine Peninsula. The catalogue itself is glossed, giving references to the latest research, preceded by biographical notes of encyclopaedic character. This well illustrated and thoroughly edited catalogue, organised in a user-friendly alphabetical order, is a compendium useful not only for art historians. The catalogue published by the National Museum in Szczecin has the same title as the exhibition of French engravings from its collection. It is a combination of both the exhibition and the collection catalogue. Hence its specific layout corresponding rather with the narration of an exhibition than a catalogue’s criteria. Both the encyclopaedic profiles of artists and the following glosses are accompanied by selected bibliography; its full version together with extensive academic references can be found at the end of the volume. The collection of over 600 prints has been divided not in alphabetical or chronological order but in accordance with an academic hierarchy of subjects. Engravings for art reproduction purposes prevail in Szczecin collection although original works of famous artists are also included. The publication of both catalogues allows us to learn more about the engravings in Polish public collections, i.e. the ones of national museum in Szczecin and Wrocław. It also gives the history of Polish collections after 1945, affected by the previous losses of the World War II. Undoubtedly, the sign of the times and the presence of Poland in the united Europe is the publication of the Italian engravings’ collection from Wrocław, which was kept before in the Academy of Arts in Berlin. Great care has been taken to prepare both catalogues in terms of their typography, although the illustrations in the French engravings’ catalogue would be of more benefit if were somewhat larger.
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Canadelli, Elena. "Marble Busts and Fish Fossils." Nuncius 31, no. 2 (2016): 439–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03102006.
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The historical catalogs of the museum collections contain a wealth of information for historians seeking to reconstruct their contents, how they were displayed and the ways in which they were used. This paper will present the complete transcription of a draft catalog that was prepared in 1797 for the Museum of Natural History and Antiquities of the University of Padua. Conserved in the university’s Museum of Geology and Paleontology, the catalog was the first to be compiled of the museum, which was established in 1733 thanks to the donation by Antonio Vallisneri Jr. of his father Antonio Vallisneri Sr.’s collection of antiquities and natural history. The catalog was compiled by the custodian of the museum, the herbalist and amateur naturalist Bartolomeo Fabris. It is of great interest because it provides a record of the number and nature of the pieces conserved in the museum at a time when natural history and archeology collections were still undivided. It also provides indications as to how such collections were arranged for display in the public halls of a university at the end of the eighteenth century. Based on this catalog, with additional information drawn from other manuscript and published sources and museum catalogs from the 1830s conserved in various institutes at the University of Padua, it is possible to reconstruct the contents and layout of a significant late 18th-century natural history collection.
6
Reynolds, Craig J. "A New Look at Old Southeast Asia." Journal of Asian Studies 54, no. 2 (May 1995): 419–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2058745.
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As a way of opening this critique of historical writing on early Southeast Asia, I ask, What interest do today's historians have in studying early Southeast Asia? What are they looking for in the early past? An essay by F. R. Ankersmit, in which he talks about what the modern reader brings to evidence from the past, serves as a point of departure for my answer. Rather than labor at accumulating more and more evidence about the past, historians should reflect on the difference between our own mentality and that of an earlier period. The past acquires point and meaning “only through confrontation with the mentality of the later period in which the historian lives and writes.” The experience of confronting this mentality Ankersmit calls “the historical sensation,” “which is accompanied by the complete conviction of genuineness, truth” (Ankersmit 1989:146). “A phase in historiography has perhaps now begun,” he says, “in which meaning is more important than reconstruction and genesis.”
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Sukina, Ludmila. "Visual Sources of Old Russia in Historical Research: Some Methodological Observations." Philosophy. Journal of the Higher School of Economics IV, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2587-8719-2020-4-113-132.
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The article considers the problem of the methodological difficulties of the work of historians with visual sources of Old Russia. Its relevance is determined by the paradoxical epistemological situation that has developed in historical science as a result of a visual turn. Historians who are researching Old Russia and constantly experiencing a shortage of sources could significantly expand the source base at their disposal, but they traditionally do not appreciate the information potential of ancient Russian art. The article analyzes methodological ideas related to the problems of “decryption” and interpretation of information from Russian and European medieval visual sources contained in the works of structuralism (Lotman, Uspensky), specialists in the field of iconography and iconology (Panofsky, Gombrich), symbolic history (M. Pasturo), soutce study methodologist Lappo-Danilevsky. The species and historical features of this type of sources create serious difficulties for historians, require the development of a methodology for working with “unrealistic” images, but also open up prospects for a meaningful enrichment of research. Russian and foreign science has accumulated sufficient theoretical and practical experience in this area. Therefore it is hoped that research on the visual sources of Old Russia will expand and take its rightful place in the corpus of historical knowledge.
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McGraw, Ryan M. "“The Foundation of the Old Testament”." Journal of Reformed Theology 10, no. 1 (2016): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15697312-01001015.
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John Owen was one of the most significant theologians in British history. He exemplifies British Reformed orthodox theology at its height. The relationship between exegesis and theology in Reformed orthodoxy is often a neglected topic in secondary literature. This article examines Owen’s exegesis of Genesis 3:15 in its international historical context to demonstrate the close relationship between theology and exegesis in the Reformed tradition. This analysis will better enable historians to reassess common misconceptions of Reformed orthodoxy and to equip theologians to draw potentially from Owen and others as a historical model for doing theology.
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HARRIS, BERNARD. "Growing Taller, Living Longer? Anthropometric History and the Future of Old Age." Ageing and Society 17, no. 5 (September 1997): 491–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x97006594.
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In recent years, economic and social historians have made increasing use of anthropometric records (principally, records of human height and weight) to investigate changes in human health and well-being. This paper summarises some of the main findings of this research and demonstrates the remarkable increases in human height which have occurred during the course of the present century. The paper also examines the relationship between changes in average height and changes in life expectancy. Although most of the evidence assembled by anthropometric historians has been derived from records relating to schoolchildren and young adults, their work has profound implications for the study of health in old age. The concluding section examines the relevance of this work to current debates on the decline of mortality, the ‘compression of morbidity’ and the future of social policy.
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Urban, S. E., and G. L. Wycoff. "Densifying the Optical Reference Frame: The Tycho-2 Catalog of 2.5 Million Stars." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 180 (March 2000): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100000130.
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AbstractSince the establishment of the Hipparcos Catalog as the defining source of the optical reference frame, densification beyond its ≈ 120,000 stars has been made possible by the utilization of the Tycho-1 Catalog. The ACT, combining the old Astrographic Catalog (AC) data with the Tycho-1 positions, is the best known example of this. The Tycho-2 consortium, led by E. Høg, has performed new reductions on the Tycho data. This not only has increased the astrometric and photometric accuracies of the original 1 million Tycho-1 stars, but also has added an additional 1.5 million stars. The U.S. Naval Observatory led the effort to compute the proper motions of these 2.5 million stars. They are based not only on the AC data but also include over 140 other ground-based catalogs, all directly reduced to the Hipparcos system. The result of these efforts is the Tycho-2 Catalog, available since February 2000. Positions, proper motions, and BT and VT magnitudes are given for 2.5 million stars. The catalog is 99% complete to V=11.0, and 90% complete to V=11.5. Positional accuracies at the mean epochs vary from < 10 mas for stars V < 9 to just under 100 mas for V > 12. Proper motion accuracies are estimated to be 1.3 mas/year to 3.0 mas/year for the same magnitude ranges. Photometric accuracies range from 0.02 magnitudes for the brightest stars to 0.25 magnitudes for the faintest.
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Sondhaus, Lawrence. "Prince Felix zu Schwarzenberg and Italy." Austrian History Yearbook 22 (January 1991): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800019871.
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In recent years, the personality and policies of Prince Felix zu Schwarzenberg have continued to attract the attention of historians. Was Schwarzenberg a Realpolitiker attempting a decisive turn from the policies of Prince Clemens von Metternich, as the traditional interpretation would have it? Or is the revisionist view more accurate: that Schwarzenberg was an old-fashioned conservative, whose policies had much more in common with those of Metternich than previous generations of historians have believed?
12
Ivezić, Ž., D. G. Monet, N. Bond, M. Jurić, B. Sesar, J. A. Munn, R. H. Lupton, et al. "Astrometry with digital sky surveys: from SDSS to LSST." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S248 (October 2007): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308020103.
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AbstractMajor advances in our understanding of the Universe have historically come from dramatic improvements in our ability to accurately measure astronomical quantities. The astrometric observations obtained by modern digital sky surveys are enabling unprecedentedly massive and robust studies of the kinematics of the Milky Way. For example, the astrometric data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), together with half a century old astrometry from the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS), have enabled the construction of a catalog that includes absolute proper motions as accurate as 3 mas/year for about 20 million stars brighter than V=20, and for 80,000 spectroscopically confirmed quasars which provide exquisite error assessment. We discuss here several ongoing studies of Milky Way kinematics based on this catalog. The upcoming next-generation surveys will maintain this revolutionary progress. For example, we show using realistic simulations that the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will measure proper motions accurate to 1 mas/year to a limit 4 magnitude fainter than possible with SDSS and POSS catalogs, or with the Gaia survey. LSST will also obtain geometric parallaxes with accuracy similar to Gaia's at its faint end (0.3 mas at V=20), and extend them to V=24 with an accuracy of 3 mas. We discuss the impact that these LSST measurements will have on studies of the Milky Way kinematics, and potential synergies with the Gaia survey.
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Andelic, Patrick. "“The Old Economic Rules No Longer Apply”: The National Planning Idea and the Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act, 1974–1978." Journal of Policy History 31, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 72–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030618000349.
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Abstract:The campaign to pass the Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act has been misunderstood by many historians. Rather than a failed attempt to resuscitate New Deal Keynesianism by an exhausted Democratic Party, it represented a radical effort to reconfigure the political economy of the United States by embracing national planning ideas that were enjoying a revival in response to the economic crisis of the 1970s. The fact that this bill proved politically viable challenges historians’ assumptions that this decade saw the American people turn away from “big government” and toward pro-market solutions for social and economic problems. This episode also forces us to reassess our understanding of the Democratic Party in this decade. It suggests that historians have erred in drawing a sharp distinction between the party’s “New Deal” and “New Politics” factions and that the policy goals of those factions dovetailed more often than has been appreciated.
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Thane, Pat. "Old Age in European Cultures: A Significant Presence from Antiquity to the Present." American Historical Review 125, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhaa190.
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Abstract Contrary to widespread belief, significant numbers of people have lived long lives throughout recorded history. On average, women have lived longer than men. Definitions of old age as beginning between the ages of sixty and seventy have been remarkably consistent through time, despite major social and economic changes, as has government enforcement of age-related regulations, increasingly as government bureaucracy grew from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries. Despite long-prevailing simplified stereotypes, the reality of old age has always been highly diverse. Nowhere have people been respected or cared for simply because of their age; nor have all been frail dependents. Some have always been active to late ages, making positive, independent contributions to their families and communities, a fact that is too often overlooked by historians. Older people have mattered in all cultures and should not be overlooked.
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Hofmann, Reto. "The fascist new–old order." Journal of Global History 12, no. 2 (June 8, 2017): 166–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022817000031.
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AbstractContemporaries and historians alike have explained the imperialism of interwar Japan, Italy, and Germany through the paradigm of a ‘new world order’. This article critically revisits this received assumption by analysing the place of the Axis in the longer history of imperialism from the late nineteenth century to the Second World War. If we cast Axis empires – a blend of fascism and imperialism – in the larger framework constituted by the relationship between the nation and capital, it becomes clear that they were not so much the result of the peculiar national histories of Japan, Italy, and Germany, but products of larger, global forces. Through an examination of recent scholarship, this article offers a new conceptual interpretation of the link between imperialism and fascism. In so doing, it adds to our understanding of the interwar period by breaking down the neat boundaries between liberal and fascist world orders.
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Arnesen, Eric. "Whiteness and the Historians' Imagination." International Labor and Working-Class History 60 (October 2001): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547901004380.
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Scholarship on whiteness has grown dramatically over the past decade, affecting nu- merous academic disciplines from literary criticism and American studies to history, sociology, geography, education, and anthropology. Despite its visibility and quantity, the genre has generated few serious historiographical assessments of its rise, development, strengths, and weaknesses. This essay, which critically examines the concept of whiteness and the ways labor historians have built their analyses around it, seeks to subject historical studies of whiteness to overdue scrutiny and to stimulate a debate on the utility of whiteness as a category of historical analysis. Toward that end, the essay explores the multiple and shifting definitions of whiteness used by scholars, concluding that historians have employed arbitrary and inconsistent definitions of their core concept, some overly expansive or metaphorically grounded and others that are radically restricted; whiteness has become a blank screen onto which those who claim to analyze it can project their own meanings. The essay critically examines historians' use of W. E. B. Du Bois's reflections on the “psychological wage”—something of a foundational text for whiteness scholars—and concludes that the “psychological wage” of whiteness serves poorly as a new explanation for the old question of why white workers have refused to make common cause with African Americans. Whiteness scholars' assertions of the nonwhite status of various immigrant groups (the Irish and eastern and southern Europeans in particular) and the processes by which these groups allegedly became white are challenged, as is whiteness scholars' tendency toward highly selective readings of racial discourses. The essay faults some whiteness scholarship produced by historians for a lack of grounding in archival and other empirical evidence, for passive voice constructions (which obscure the agents who purportedly define immigrants as not white), and for a problematic reliance upon psychohistory in the absence of actual immigrant voices. Historians' use of the concept of whiteness, the essay concludes, suffers from a number of potentially fatal methodological and conceptual flaws; within American labor history, the whiteness project has failed to deliver on its promises.
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Benedict, Michael Les. "Factionalism and Representation: Some Insight from the Nineteenth-Century United States." Social Science History 9, no. 4 (1985): 361–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200015157.
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Historians of mid-nineteenth-century American politics all know it to be an era when intraparty factional rivalry was almost as bitter as the struggle between parties. Recent studies, such as Joel Silbey’s A Respectable Minority (1977) and Michael Perman’s The Road to Reaction (1984), concentrate on disagreements between “legitimists” and “purists” in both parties. My own A Compromise of Principle (Benedict, 1975) stressed factionalism among Republicans in the 1860s, while the first chapter of Robert D. Marcus’s study of political structure in the Gilded Age, Grand Old Party (1971), is entitled “Faction.”
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Shapiro, Gilbert, and John Markoff. "Officially Solicited Petitions: The Cahiers de Doléances as a Historical Source." International Review of Social History 46, S9 (December 2001): 79–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859001000293.
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The cahiers de doléances of 1789 have generally been regarded as unique historical documents. In convening the Estates General, the royal government followed centuries-old precedent in asking the nation not only to elect representatives to an assembly, but to provide them with lists of the demands, wishes, and grievances of their constituents as well. One could hardly describe these documents as resources unknown to historians. Apart from a very few who have seen these documents essentially as fraudulent, historians have generally seen them as uniquely vox populi. Tocqueville, for example, described them as “an authentic account” of the ideas and feelings of the nation drawn up “in perfect freedom”. More recently, Guy Chaussinand-Nogaret saw them as “the truest sampling of opinion ever realized in the France of the Old Regime”.
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Scalenghe, Sara, and Nadya Sbaiti. "Conducting Research in Lebanon: An Overview of Historical Sources in Beirut (Part I)." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 37, no. 1 (2003): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400045442.
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Nearly two decades of war in Lebanon crippled possibilities for historical research during a period when scholarship underwent significant theoretical and methodological developments. The last several years, however, have seen a renewed vigor to preserve, catalog, and promote all types of sources that could possibly shed light on the rich history of the country and of the Middle East in general. Sources and resources in Lebanon are largely decentralized, rendering the country something of a logistical labyrinth that can cost scholars considerable expenditures of time and energy. This article is a modest attempt to facilitate research in Beirut. Although mostly geared towards historians, we hope that this article may prove useful to scholars from other fields as well. It is slightly slanted towards the British and American academies, particularly since the Francophone world has been so much more embedded in the intellectual and scholarly atmosphere of the country.
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Sbaiti, Nadya, and Sara Scalenghe. "Conducting Research in Lebanon: An Overview of Historical Sources Outside of Beirut (Part II)." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 38, no. 2 (December 2004): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400046952.
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Recent years have witnessed a concerted effort by researchers, archivists and others to preserve, catalog, and inform researchers about the many types of sources located in Lebanon. The publication of Part I of this guide to conducting historical research [see MESA Bulletin 37:1 (Summer 2003): 68-79] addressed archives, libraries, and institutes located in Beirut. This article is dedicated to those found in the rest of the country.As with Part I, the archives and sources surveyed below comprise those that are open to the public and deemed to have the most potential for researchers. Although likely to be of most relevance to historians, these sources are such that they should also prove useful to scholars from other fields. Furthermore, access is constantly improving, thanks in no small part to the efforts underway at multiple institutions to organize and digitize manuscripts, court records, and a host of other documents.
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Klubock, Thomas Miller, and Paulo Fontes. "Labor History and Public History: Introduction." International Labor and Working-Class History 76, no. 1 (2009): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547909990020.
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Labor history and public history have had a long relationship in the United States, as James Green argues in Taking History to Heart, dating back to Progressive-era historians like Mary Ritter and Charles A. Beard. Labor historians like Phillip Foner, who identified with the “Old Left,” made labor history public history through ties to labor organizations and the Communist Party. Then, during the 1960s, historians identified with the “New Left” and inspired by E.P. Thompson, worked to extend social history and working-class history “from the bottom up” beyond the confines of the academy, even as they shifted their focus from the institutional histories of unions and political parties, to make the history of “ordinary people” and “everyday life” public history. The organization of history workshops and the proliferation of oral history projects reflect the ways in which historians of the working class made their practices public history in new ways during the 1960s and 1970s while expanding the sphere of both “the public” and “labor” to include histories of women, gender and patriarchy, and ethnic and racial minorities.
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Girelli, Giacomo, Micol Bolzonella, and Andrea Cimatti. "Massive and old quiescent galaxies at high redshift." Astronomy & Astrophysics 632 (December 2019): A80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834547.
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Aims. Questions of how massive quiescent galaxies rapidly assembled and how abundant they are at high redshift are increasingly important in the study of galaxy formation. Looking at these systems can shed light on the processes of galaxy mass assembly and quenching of the star formation at early epochs. In order to address these questions, we aim to identify and characterize massive quiescent galaxies from z ∼ 2.5 out to the highest redshifts at which these systems can be found. The final purpose is to compare the results with the predictions of state-of-the-art semi-analytical models of galaxy formation and evolution. Methods. We defined observer-frame color–color diagrams to optimally select quiescent galaxies at z > 2.5 and applied them to the COSMOS2015 catalog. We refined the spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting analysis for the selected candidates to confirm their quiescent nature, then derived their number density, mass density, and stellar mass functions. Finally, we compared the results with previous observations and some current semi-analytic models. Results. We selected candidates for quiescent galaxies in the redshift range 2.5 ≲ z ≲ 4.5 from the COSMOS2015 catalog by means of two color–color diagrams. The additional SED fitting analysis allowed us to select 128 galaxies, consistent with being massive (log(M*/M⊙)≥10.6), old (ages ≳0.5 Gyr), and quiescent (log(sSFR [yr−1]) ≤ −10.5) objects at high redshift (2.5 < z < 4.5). Their number and mass densities are in fair agreement with previous observations and, if confirmed, show a discrepancy with current semi-analytical models of galaxy formation and evolution, that underpredict the number of massive quiescent systems up to a factor of ∼12 at 2.5 ≤ z < 3.0 and ∼10 at z ∼ 4.0. The evolution of the stellar mass functions (SMFs) of these systems is similar to previous estimates and indicates a disagreement with models, particularly with regard to the shape of the SMF. Conclusions. The present results add further evidence to the possibility that massive and quiescent galaxies can exist out to at least z ∼ 4. If future spectroscopic observations carried out with, for example, the James Webb Space Telecope (JWST), confirm the substantial presence of such a population, further work on modeling the stellar mass assembly, as well as supermassive black hole accretion and feedback processes at early cosmic epochs, is needed to understand how these systems formed, evolved, and quenched their star formation.
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Green, Todd. "Retelling Modern European Religious History: Postwar Immigration and the Alternative Narrative of Presence." Journal of Religion in Europe 2, no. 3 (2009): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187489109x12463420694868.
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AbstractThe rise of the secularization thesis in the 1960s resulted in secularization becoming the dominant narrative theme in most scholarly accounts of modern European religious history. In the past few decades, sociologists and historians have increasingly challenged the secularization thesis, but less energy has been devoted to devising an alternative to the secularization narrative. Philip Jenkins's Future of Christianity trilogy offers historians something new in this regard, though it also contains plenty of the old. While the first two books largely reiterate the traditional secularization narrative by focusing on the absence of old-stock Europeans from churches, the third book focuses more on the growing presence of vibrant Muslim and Christian immigrant communities in postwar Europe, a presence that has stimulated significant political and cultural debates concerning the place of religion in Europe's past, present, and future.
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Yuan, Ye, Fan Li, Yanning Fu, and Shulin Ren. "New precise positions in 2013–2019 and a catalog of ground-based astrometric observations of 11 Neptunian satellites (1847–2019) based on Gaia-DR2." Astronomy & Astrophysics 645 (January 2021): A48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038776.
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Context. Developing high-precision ephemerides for Neptunian satellites requires not only the continuation of observing campaigns but also the collection and improvement of existing observations. So far, no complete catalogs of observations of Neptunian satellites are available. Aims. We aim to provide new, precise positions, and to compile a catalog including all available ground-based astrometric observations of Neptunian satellites. The observations are tabulated in a single and consistent format and given in the same timescale, the Terrestrial Time (TT), and reference system, the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS), including necessary changes and corrections. Methods. New CCD observations of Triton and Nereid were made at Lijiang 2.4-m and Yaoan 0.8-m telescopes in 2013–2019, and then reduced based on Gaia-DR2. Furthermore, a catalog called OCNS2019 (Observational Catalog of Neptunian Satellites (2019 version)) was compiled, after recognizing and correcting errors and omissions. Furthermore, in addition to what was considered for the COSS08 catalog for eight main Saturnian satellites, all observed absolute and relative coordinates were converted to the ICRS with corrections for star catalog biases with respect to Gaia-DR2. New debiasing tables for both the modern and old star catalogs, which were previously not provided based on Gaia-DR2, are developed and applied. Treatment of missing positions of comparison bodies in conversions of observed relative coordinates are proposed. Results. OCNS2019 and the new debiasing tables are publicly available online. OCNS2019 includes 24996 observed coordinates of 11 Neptunian satellites obtained over 3741 nights from 1847 to 2019. All observations are given in TT and ICRS. The star catalog biases are removed, which are significant for Nereid and outer satellites. We obtained 880 (5% of total now available) new coordinates for Triton over 41 nights (1% of total observation nights so far), and 790 (14%) for Nereid over 47 nights (10%). The dispersions of these new positions are about 0.″03 for Triton and 0.″06 for Nereid. Conclusions. OCNS2019 should be useful in improving ephemerides for the above-mentioned objects.
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Yuan, Ye, Fan Li, Yanning Fu, and Shulin Ren. "New precise positions in 2013–2019 and a catalog of ground-based astrometric observations of 11 Neptunian satellites (1847–2019) based on Gaia-DR2." Astronomy & Astrophysics 645 (January 2021): A48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038776.
Full textAbstract:
Context. Developing high-precision ephemerides for Neptunian satellites requires not only the continuation of observing campaigns but also the collection and improvement of existing observations. So far, no complete catalogs of observations of Neptunian satellites are available. Aims. We aim to provide new, precise positions, and to compile a catalog including all available ground-based astrometric observations of Neptunian satellites. The observations are tabulated in a single and consistent format and given in the same timescale, the Terrestrial Time (TT), and reference system, the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS), including necessary changes and corrections. Methods. New CCD observations of Triton and Nereid were made at Lijiang 2.4-m and Yaoan 0.8-m telescopes in 2013–2019, and then reduced based on Gaia-DR2. Furthermore, a catalog called OCNS2019 (Observational Catalog of Neptunian Satellites (2019 version)) was compiled, after recognizing and correcting errors and omissions. Furthermore, in addition to what was considered for the COSS08 catalog for eight main Saturnian satellites, all observed absolute and relative coordinates were converted to the ICRS with corrections for star catalog biases with respect to Gaia-DR2. New debiasing tables for both the modern and old star catalogs, which were previously not provided based on Gaia-DR2, are developed and applied. Treatment of missing positions of comparison bodies in conversions of observed relative coordinates are proposed. Results. OCNS2019 and the new debiasing tables are publicly available online. OCNS2019 includes 24996 observed coordinates of 11 Neptunian satellites obtained over 3741 nights from 1847 to 2019. All observations are given in TT and ICRS. The star catalog biases are removed, which are significant for Nereid and outer satellites. We obtained 880 (5% of total now available) new coordinates for Triton over 41 nights (1% of total observation nights so far), and 790 (14%) for Nereid over 47 nights (10%). The dispersions of these new positions are about 0.″03 for Triton and 0.″06 for Nereid. Conclusions. OCNS2019 should be useful in improving ephemerides for the above-mentioned objects.
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Zaretskiy, Yury. "Early Russian Autobiography: Old Texts, New Readings." European Journal of Life Writing 3 (June 20, 2014): 44–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/ejlw.3.113.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses research perspectives in the study of Russian pre-modern first-person writings that are commonly called autobiographies. Its first part starts with definitions of what is “early russian” and “autobiographical,” briefly introduces six texts, gives a condensed review of the approaches to the study of these texts by literary and cultural historians from 1950s to the present, and concludes with suggestion of some new perspectives to their analysis. The article argues that re-questioning of early Russian autobiographical writings is prompted by some recent important changes in the humanities and social sciences and by some insights from historians and literary scholars who study first- person texts of the Western tradition. The second part of the article is a case- study that examines one autobiographical text, The Life (Zhitie) of monk Epifanii (? – 1682) and focuses on one topic: representation of the hero/author’s pain and healing. The analysis of this representation is conducted in relation to concrete social and political contexts of the text. The study concludes that con- textualizing pre-modern first-person narratives as social activities embedded in historically specific reality helps in better understanding of their meanings. Abstract in RussianРанняя русская автобиография: Старые тексты, новые прочтения В статье рассматриваются перспективы изучения древнерусских сочинений от первого лица, которые обычно называют автобиографиями. Ее первая часть начинается с определения понятий «древнерусские» и «автобиографические» затем дает краткие характеристики шести текстов, содержит сжатый обзор подходов к изучению этих текстов историками литературы и культуры с 1950-х гг. по настоящее время и завершается предложением возможных новых направлений их исследований. В статье утверждается, что новые вопросы к древнерусским автобиогра-фическим сочинениям диктуются недавними важными переменами в социальных и гуманитарных науках, а также результатами, полученными историками и литературоведами, изучающими сочинения от первого лица в западноевропейской традиции. Вторая часть статьи представляет собой кейс-стади, рассматри-вающий один текст, «Житие» инока Епифания (? – 1682), и сосредотачивающий внимание на одной теме: репрезентациях героем/автором боли и исцеления. Анализ этих репрезентаций осуществляется в связи с конкретными социальными иполитическими контекстами появления сочинения Епифания. Этот анализ приводит к заключению о том, что контекстуализация ранних рассказов от первого лица как социальных действий, укорененных в исторически обусловленной действительности, способствует лучшему пониманию их смыслов.
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Ellis, Richard J. "Legitimating Slavery in the Old South: The Effect of Political Institutions on Ideology." Studies in American Political Development 5, no. 2 (1991): 340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x00000286.
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“Hegemony” has become a fashionable catchword in a number of intellectual circles. One encounters it among historians, sociologists, anthropologists, political scientists, even (or, perhaps, especially) literary critics. Many a frustrated radical finds it a useful explanation for the quiescence of the masses. Marxist scholars frequently see it as a liberating departure from Marx's economic reductionism. More mainstream social scientists often detect little harm in it, since the notion that people are not ruled by force alone, but also by ideas, seems highly congruent with what they have learned from Max Weber and Talcott Parsons.
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Bartal, Israel. "Back to the Post-Communist Motherlands." Nordisk judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 31, no. 1 (May 18, 2020): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30752/nj.86216.
Full textAbstract:
This article presents some of the personal observations of a veteran Israeli scholar whose long-years' encounters with the 'real' as well as the 'imagined' eastern Europe have shaped his historical research. As an Israeli-born historian of Polish-Ukrainian origin, (the so-called 'second generation') he claims to share an ambivalent attitude towards his countries of origin with other fellow- historians. Jewish emigrants from eastern Europe have been until very late in the modern era members of an old ethno-religious group. One ethnos out of many in a diverse multi-ethnic environment, whose demographic core survived and flourished for centuries in the old places. Several decades of social, economic, and political upheavals exposed the Jewish population to drastic changes. These changes lead several intellectuals who left their home countries to look back at what have happened as both involved actors, and distant observers. Israeli historians of east European origin found themselves confronted with a crucial question: in what way the past in the Old Country connected (if at all) to the history of Israel. Following some 40 years of academic career in the field of eastern European Jewish history, it is claimed that until the collapse of the Soviet Union, the image of eastern Europe that runs through the Israeli historical research has been shaped in large part by members of the different generations of emigrants, outside of eastern Europe. The renewed direct contact after 1989 caused a dramatic change: within a few years, Israeli historians were examining archives and libraries throughout eastern Europe. After seven decades of isolation between the Israeli historian and the primary sources necessary to his/her research in the archives, the new wave of documents was celebrated in Israeli Universities. Yet far more influential was the revolution prompted in 1989 on the historical perspective from which Israeli historians could now examine the Jewish past. What happened in 1989 has seemed, to some Israeli historians, a breaking point marking the end of the eastern European period in the course of Jewish history. The article concludes with some thoughts on a new historical (Israeli) perspective. A one that fits a time when hundreds of thousands of immigrants from what was the largest eastern-European Jewish collective in the world inhabit a remote Middle Eastern nation-state.
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Baryshnikov, Vladimir Nikolaevich. "The Baltic Question and Its Historiography in St. Petersburg (from the Eighteenth Century to the Present)." Journal of Modern Russian History and Historiography 7, no. 1 (2014): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102388-00700004.
Full textAbstract:
The article identifies the basic stages of, and key scholarly agendas in, the historiography of the Baltic question from the eighteenth century to the present. It focuses especially on the contributions of historians from St. Petersburg, showing how, even before the beginning of the twentieth century, the city became Russia's premier research center for the history of Northern Europe and the Baltic question. The article analyzes the collapse of the old scholarly traditions after 1917, their gradual re-establishment, and the role of Leningrad/Petersburg Scandinavianists during the recovery period.
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Fletcher, Anthony. "Men's Dilemma: The Future of Patriarchy in England 1560–1660." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 4 (December 1994): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679215.
Full textAbstract:
PATRIARCHY was very old when Queen Elizabeth ascended the English throne. Historians have sought its origins in die Old Testament record of the creation of Jewish monotiieism and in the social conditions of Hebrew society. They have explored die contributions of classical Greece and early Christian thinking to its development and evolution. By the time that the Tudor dynasty ruled in England, the institutionalised male dominance over women and children in die family and die extension of diat subordination to women in society in general, die scriptural patriarchy with which I am concerned, had become so deeply embedded diat it has appeared immutable. Something so permanent, something that was so given, has seemed not to deserve scrutiny by die historians of early modern England. It was socialist and radical feminists who took up die notion of patriarchy in die 1960s because they needed a concept which would help diem to theorise male dominance. From dieir contemporary perspective also, patriarchy appeared immovable and monumental. There was a tendency among them at first to study it as such: feminist historians approached die past wim die premise diat there has always been an undifferentiated and consistent male commitment to domination and control over women in every sphere of life. The conflation of patriarchy with misogyny, I suggest, produced an unhistorical patriarchy as die staple of women's history. It is only fairly recendy diat historical studies of gender have broken free from diese shackles, diat historians have begun to penetrate die discourses and strategies dirough which men have—or have not— coerced, or oppressed or subordinated women through die ages.
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Bearman, Peter, Robert Faris, and James Moody. "Blocking the Future: New Solutions for Old Problems in Historical Social Science." Social Science History 23, no. 4 (1999): 501–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021854.
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The only true voyage would be not to travel through a hundred different lands with the same pair of eyes, but to see the same land with a hundred different pairs of eyes.Marcel ProustAlthough it may turn out to be otherwise, this is an early article in what is hoped to be a larger series of studies in the application of network methods to historical problems. This article explores some new solutions to old problems in historical social science and history more generally and provides some templates for thinking about an old problem in a new light. The old problem is the problem that arises when one considers how we know what historical events mean and how we can have confidence in our interpretations. For many social science historians, the problem of meaning is secondary to the problem of making causal arguments. And often the practical reality of much historical work is that more mundane problems of data and evidence often consume an unusual amount of time and energy, drawing attention away from the luxurious concerns discussed in this article — concerns with what things actually mean. Despite the recognition that the problem of meaning may not lurk around every corner for all social science historians, the goal of this article is to propose some new strategies for determining what things mean in historical context.
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Levy, Kenneth. "A new look at Old Roman chant." Early Music History 19 (October 2000): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127900001972.
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Historians of plainchant continue to puzzle over the existence of two monophonic repertories, each with claims to Roman origin.The ‘Gregorian’ chant (GREG) is spread throughout Europe: there are thousands of manuscripts and printed editions; the earliest, lacking neumatic notation, reach back to the late eighth century; with notation they date from the late ninth century; the repertory has remained in continuous use. The ‘Old Roman’ chant (ROM) is found in fewer than half a dozen complete manuscripts and a handful of fragments; they date between the eleventh and early thirteenth centuries, and nearly all are from the region of Rome. GREG and ROM are very similar in their verbal texts and liturgical provisions. But ROM has the more archaic Roman traits and clearly represents the city's usage, while there is little trace of GREG's use at Rome before the thirteenth century. As for the music, where there are corresponding liturgical texts, they tend to share some underlying musical substance. But the nature and patterns of the musical sharings are not clear, and how the relationships came about has not been satisfactorily explained.
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Sawada, Ayako, Taketoshi Yoshida, Hiroshi Horii, Misato Horii, and Masaharu Hayashi. "Reducing Costs of Knowledge Transfer in Tourism Development using Historical Materials." International Journal of Knowledge and Systems Science 4, no. 2 (April 2013): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jkss.2013040102.
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Recently, discovering local resources and utilizing them have been underway for the purpose to revitalize regional economies. The authors have conducted some activities for regional activation using historical materials such as old documents and maps. For these activities historians play an important role to discover and utilize local resources from historical materials. The cost of transferring historians’ knowledge about such resources to tour developers is high. In this study, a tour developer who is also a volunteer tour guide designed two tour courses featuring local historical material with the aid of a proposed information system. They clarify the role of the information system and the factors of reducing the costs of knowledge transfer in tourism development using historical materials from the view points of the sticky information.
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Kravitt, Edward F. "Mahler, Victim of the ‘New’ Anti-Semitism." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 127, no. 1 (2002): 72–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrma/127.1.72.
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An abyss separates the research of Mahler from that of social historians on anti-Semitism in fin-de-siècle Austria and Germany. Mahler specialists tend to study the assaults he endured in terms of the centuries-old intolerance. Social historians, however, have pursued a different tack. They trace the liberal thought of the mid-nineteenth century, the legal emancipation of the Jews and its aftermath to the rise of ‘new’ anti-Semitism in the 1870s, centred in Vienna. The reasons why Mahler resigned as director of the Vienna Court Opera involve many more factors and subtleties, even concerning the expression of anti-Semitism. It is on these elements that this article attempts to shed light.
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Tyacke, Nicholas. "Anglican Attitudes: Some Recent Writings on English Religious History, from the Reformation to the Civil War." Journal of British Studies 35, no. 2 (April 1996): 139–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386102.
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It remains a commonplace that what historians write bears some relation to their own time and particular angle of vision. Less often remarked, however, is the tendency for historical interpretations to acquire lives of their own, at least partly independent of the original circumstances that produced them, and to enter as it were the intellectual bloodstream of subsequent generations. A good illustration of this latter proposition is afforded by the history of the English Church. For, since at least the seventeenth century, the very radicalism of the Reformation has proved a continuing source of embarrassment to a section of Church of England opinion; rather than frankly admit their own dissent from the views of many of the Tudor founding fathers, they have regularly sought to rewrite the past in the light of the present. This conservative vision has come to be expressed in terms of a so-called via media, which is deemed to have characterized the English or “Anglican” way of religious reform.Until quite recently, the historiography was heavily influenced by these same Anglican insiders, other historians being prepared largely to take on trust their claims—especially as regards theological change. Moreover, willingness to follow what is in effect a party line has now received powerful reinforcement from certain revisionist historians, who discern a congruence between the alleged moderation of Anglicanism and their own commitment to a consensual model of English politics in the decades before the Civil War. The old idea of the English Church as epitomizing a mean between the extremes of protestantism and catholicism is once more being pressed into service.
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Lindauer, Martin S. "The Old-Age Style and its Artists." Empirical Studies of the Arts 11, no. 2 (July 1993): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/kmh5-ufvj-8qrc-kltq.
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The old-age style is well-known among art historians, but has rarely been recognized by psychologists despite its bearing on late-life creativity. Untrained subjects' ability to perceive an old-age style, and indirectly, the identification of its artists, were investigated in five separate studies. One hundred subjects judged twenty-four pairs of young-old art on five aspects of the old-age style. Fifteen pairs (63%) differed from one another across the tasks, and suggested that the following historical artists have an old-age style: Bellows, Cole, Eakins, Goya, Guardi, Innes, Kirchner, Klee, Mondrian, Monet, Picasso, Pissaro, Reynolds, Sargent, and Tobey. In contrast, young-old pairs by nine artists did not sufficiently differ, suggesting they did not have an old-age style: Copley, Corinth, Hoffman, Kline, Leger, Manet, Marin, Stuart, and Tiepolo. Several other measures on which young-old art were compared, except for canvas size, did not differentiate the pairs. The applicability of the old-age style to non-artists, whether creative or not, and to late-life cognitive development in general, were discussed.
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Thompson, Paul. "‘I Don't Feel Old’: Subjective Ageing and the Search for Meaning in Later Life." Ageing and Society 12, no. 1 (March 1992): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00004657.
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ABSTRACTA critique of the study of ageing by sociologists and historians is provided in this paper, on the basis of the comparative neglect of life history studies across the whole lifespan. It points to the skewed nature of studies reported in the literature. As a corrective, results from a UK life history based study are presented. It focuses on leisure, grand- parenting and intimate relationships between adults, leading to conclusions about the relationship between class factors in the determination of late life experiences and self perceptions of the meaning of old age.
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Abramovitz, Moses. "The Search for the Sources of Growth: Areas of Ignorance, Old and New." Journal of Economic History 53, no. 2 (June 1993): 217–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700012882.
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Many economic historians, like most economists, depend on standard growth accounts to provide some quantitative description of the proximate sources of growth, but this is misleading. American growth experience illustrates the difficulty. The seeming major contribution of tangible capital accumulation to nineteenth-century growth was the consequence of scale-dependent and capital-using technological progress. The large twentieth-century contributions of education and R&D conceal technology's new intangible capital-using bias. Additionally, reverse forces run from capital accumulation to technological progress. Without a greater understanding of these interactions, our knowledge of even the proximate sources of growth is incomplete.
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GILLEARD, CHRIS. "Old age in Byzantine society." Ageing and Society 27, no. 5 (August 29, 2007): 623–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x07006204.
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ABSTRACTThis paper examines the status afforded old age in the Byzantine Empire. Frequently neglected in accounts of state formation or comparative history, this Christian imperial state transformed the moral ordering of the lifecourse. In contrast to both classical Greek and Roman society, old age acquired a distinct moral authority in Byzantine society. This status was not confined to a few members of the elite as in Sparta or Rome. The economic vulnerability, physical frailty and social marginality accompanying old age conferred an equal moral claim upon society that the state actively addressed. A mix of institutionalised and individual charities created a prototype ‘welfare state’ within which provision for old age played a significant part. Despite its neglect by most social historians of old age, the Byzantine Empire is of considerable historical significance in the development of the contemporary constructions of old age. Just as the Byzantine Empire helped erode the practice of slavery that had been widespread in the ancient Greek and Roman societies, so too did it help to create a prototype welfare state in which individual enterprise was tempered by a collective sense of inclusive Christian responsibility. The consideration extended by Byzantine society, to old age, to its weakness as well as to its wisdom and authority, instituted a step change from earlier classical traditions.
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Davies, Megan J. "Renovating the Canadian Old Age Home: The Evolution of Residential Care Facilities in B.C., 1930-1960." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 12, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031146ar.
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Abstract Canadian historians have largely ignored the old age home. Focussing on British Columbia, this paper covers a pivotal period of institutional transformation from the 1930s through to the 1950s, when health and social welfare professionals sought to reshape the old age home from a custodial poor law facility to a middle-class medical “home” inhabited by deserving senior citizens. New names, architectural styles, décor, and professional involvement within the institution were meant to reform residential accommodation for Canada's elderly. However, professionals' ageism, divisions created by class and gender, and an increasingly frail institutional population made this process problematic.
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Pacina, Jan, and Jan Popelka. "Accuracy of Digital Surface Models derived from archival aerial photographs. Case study for the Czech Republic." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 16, no. 1 (October 8, 2017): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.16.1.3.
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The archival aerial photographs are widely used for landscape change analysis, settlement identification or georelief reconstructions. The large archive of old aerial photographs is available for the whole Czech Republic and these data are often used by scientists, historians, students, etc. The quality of the datasets (orthophoto, digital surface models) resulting from archival aerial images processing is crucial for the ongoing analyses. The accuracy test of digital surface models derived from archival aerial images origintaing from 1938 and 1953 is presented within this paper. These two timelines were chosen because they preserve the landscape structure in the begining of the heavy indudstrialization of the Czech Republic.
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Marquis, Kathy. "Peter Devereaux and Carla Diane Hayden. The Card Catalog: Books, Cards, and Literary Treasures." RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 19, no. 1 (May 17, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.19.1.71.
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In an early archives job, I typed the name and subject entries at the top of card sets we received from the Library of Congress. It was exacting work and I really enjoyed it, including the filing. At a venerable manuscript repository, the cards ranged from the printed ones I placed on top of the rods (to be double-checked before they slipped into their forever homes) and those written in a spidery handwriting that could easily have been 100 years old. It made me feel part of a long tradition of information mavens.
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Kumkova, Irina I., Vadim V. Bobylev, and Nina M. Bronnikova. "Densification of ICRS in the Optical by use of Old Pulkovo Observation Sets." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 180 (March 2000): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100000117.
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AbstractModern tasks of high precision astrometry demand optical coordinate systems including more faint stars than are available now in current conventional systems (Hipparcos). For this purpose it is suggested to use old photographic observations accumulated in the Pulkovo Observatory. Extensive observational data have been obtained at Pulkovo Observatory during the last century in the framework of several programs, e.g. Pulkovo Galaxy plan, etc. Observations have been made with the Normal Astrograph from 1894 to the present. The data are investigated with the aim of extending the Hipparcos catalog to stars fainter than 11th magnitude. All available observations are taken into account. A description of the material considered is given. The distribution of the selected plates over the celestial sphere is shown as well. Coordinates of faint stars in the Hipparcos system are calculated for selected areas. The accuracy of computed star coordinates is analyzed. Results of the investigation are presented.
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Wood, Andy. "Custom and the Social Organisation of Writing in Early Modern England." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 9 (December 1999): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679403.
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Social historians of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England have tended to see literacy as a modernising force which eroded oral tradition and overrode local identities. Whereas the increasing literacy of the period has long appeared an important constituent element of Tudor and Stuart England's early modernity, custom has been represented as its mirror image. Attached to cumbersome local identities, borne from the continuing authority of speech, bred within a plebeian culture which was simultaneously pugnacious and conservative, customary law has been taken to define a traditional, backward-looking mind-set which stood at odds to the sharp forces of change cutting into the fabric of early modern English society. 1 Hence, social historians have sometimes perceived the growing elite hostility to custom as a part of a larger attack upon oral culture. In certain accounts, this elite antipathy is presented as a by-product of die standardising impulses of early capitalism. 2 Social historians have presented the increasing role of written documents in the defence of custom as the tainting of an authentic oral tradition, and as further evidence of the growing dom-nation of writing over speech. Crudely stated, orality, and hence custom, is seen as ‘of the people’; while writing was ‘of the elite’. In this respect as in others, social historians have therefore accepted all too readily John Aubrey's nostalgic recollections of late seventeenth century that Before printing, Old Wives tales were ingeniose and since Printing came in fashion, till a little before the Civil warres, the ordinary Sort of people were not taught to reade & now-a-dayes Books are common and most of the poor people understand letters: and the many good Bookes and the variety of Turnes of Affaires, have putt the old Fables out of dores: and the divine art of Printing and Gunpowder have frighted away Robin-good-fellowe and the Fayries.
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TIAN, JIAHUI, and LIHONG TU. "A new species of the spider genus Solenysa from China (Araneae, Linyphiidae)." Zootaxa 4531, no. 1 (December 11, 2018): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4531.1.10.
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The genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 belongs to Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859, which is a species-rich group, including 608 genera and 4,571 species (World Spider Catalog 2018). Solenysa currently includes 14 species from China, Japan and the Korean Peninsula (Simon 1894; Namkung 1986; Li & Song 1992; Gao, Zhu & Sha 1993; Tu, Ono & Li 2007; Ono 2011; Tu & Hormiga 2011; Wang, Ono & Tu 2015). The linyphiid phylogeny based on molecular data shows that Solenysa species forms one of the seven main clades within Linyphiidae (Wang et al. 2015). According to the phylogenetic analysis based on morphological data, Tu and Hormiga (2011) divided the genus Solenysa into four species groups, each having a unique genital type comprised by series genital characters. As an old branch with a long evolutionary history, Solenysa spiders have accumulated a long list of synapomorphies (Tu & Hormiga 2011), not only having a unique somatic appearance, but also specific genitalic characters that distinguish them from all other linyphiids.
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Buser, Roland, and Jianxiang Rong. "Metallicity Structures of the Milky Way." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 169 (1996): 427–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900230040.
Full textAbstract:
The metallicity-sensitive (U – G) colors from the new homogeneous catalog of photographic RGU data in seven high-latitude fields have been used to determine the larger-scale metallicity distributions of the Galactic population components. For the thick disk, preliminary analysis based on our best structural models provides a mean metallicity 〈[M/H]〉 = −0.6 ± 0.3dex and a marginal vertical metallicity gradient ≈ −0.1dex/kpc. The observed color distributions are further consistent with the (old) thin disk having mean abundance 〈[M/H]〉 = −0.3 ± 0.2dex and abundance gradient ∂[M/H]/∂z = −0.6dex/kpc.
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Sharp, Andrew D., and Taylor A. Webre. "LITIGATING, AUDITING AND OFFICIATING." Accounting Historians Journal 42, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.42.2.137.
Full textAbstract:
Accounting historians often encounter the arduous and interesting task of uncovering the truth insulated by myriad layers of embellishment. In the spirit of full disclosure, like Don Quixote of old, we set out in search of the truth from three related perspectives—officers of the court, financial auditors and athletic officials. Truth, shaded by the human element, is the basis for their significant decisions impacting society.
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Fujimura, Daijiro. "THE OLD DU PONT COMPANY'S ACCOUNTING SYSTEM LASTING A HUNDRED YEARS: AN OVERLOOKED ACCOUNTING SYSTEM." Accounting Historians Journal 39, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 53–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.39.1.53.
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ABSTRACT Accounting historians have not yet realized that there existed another complete accounting system before the formation of the modern accounting system of today which Johnson and Kaplan's Relevance Lost characterizes by the “integration” of cost and financial accounts supported by “inventory costing.” In that earlier accounting system, cost and profit calculations were made in a past particular ledger account or accounts, namely trading account(s), where accounting practices opposed to “inventory costing” and “integration” were used. The historical existence of that accounting system is overlooked by accounting historians. The example of the old Du Pont Company (DPC) this paper presents will bring it to light. Cost and profit calculation were made in four trading accounts in the double-entry ledger at the old DPC as it was purchased by the new DPC in 1902. One of its trading accounts dated back to 1804 when the old DPC started production of gunpowder. Early cost and profit calculations in that trading account were examined by the new DPC's staff in the early 1940s. They prepared schedules showing the cost data, sales revenues, and profit measurement recorded in the early trading account. These schedules give evidence that the old DPC recorded the costs incurred and used the cost data to compute profit for financial accounting purposes, but in different ways from today's “inventory costing” and “integration.” This old DPC's accounting system resulted from the application of the double-entry system to industrial accounting and was in use throughout the nineteenth century. By revealing the historical existence of that overlooked accounting system, this paper will show that accounting history may be described as evolution of the traditional accounting system made through double-entry bookkeeping in which the trading account was of vital importance and the transition from that traditional accounting system to the modern integrated accounting system supported by inventory costing.
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PRICE, MUNRO. "VERSAILLES REVISITED: NEW WORK ON THE OLD REGIME." Historical Journal 46, no. 2 (June 2003): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x03003005.
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Over the last thirty years, the absolute monarchy in France has been a subject of much controversy among historians. The traditional view, which can be traced back to Tocqueville, sees it primarily as an ‘administrative monarchy’, an essential step in the formation of a centralized French state. More recently, this approach has come under sustained attack from (mostly Anglo-American) scholars, who have emphasized in contrast the limits of absolutism, and in particular the persistent power of local and central elites in relation to the crown. In the light of these disputes, this article argues that the French absolute monarchy was above all a political compromise, in which neither crown nor elites had the definitive upper hand, but which could only function effectively through the co-operation of both sides. An aspect that has not sufficiently been stressed, however, is the fragility of the arrangement: it was ambiguous in practice if not in theory, and ultimately unable to deliver the resources necessary to sustain France's great-power status in the eighteenth century.
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Khomutov, Sergey Y., and Manjula Lingala. "Some problems with old magnetic data processing." E3S Web of Conferences 196 (2020): 02029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019602029.
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Continues magnetic measurements at the IKIR FEB RAS obser-vatories Magadan (MGD), Paratunka (PET), Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (YSS), Cape Schmidt (CPS) and Khabarovsk (KHB) and CSIR-NGRI observatories Hyder-abad (HYB) and Choutuppal (CPL) have been started almost since their formation. A significant part of the results obtained is presented in the WDC and INTERMAGNET databases. However, a large amount of raw data remains un-processed and unavailable for using by scientific community. In the past few years, institutes has been making efforts to process and reprocess old magnetic data. Digital images of analog magnetograms of the Observatory Paratunka since 1967 were obtained and the possibility of their use for calculation hourly and minute values of magnetic field elements was evaluated. Old digital data that was available during the conversion from analog to digital magnetometers is processed. The main problem of processing or re-processing archived data is the lack of information (metadata) about the measurement conditions. First of all, these are the results of absolute observations, which are necessary to obtain the values of the elements of the total field vector. In this paper, some technologies are proposed that allow to use the data obtained during processing of analog magnetograms to adjust the digital magnetometers records. A signif-icant problem is the lack or inaccuracy of information about the temperature conditions in the variation pavilion, about magnetometers or support equipment maintenance or about works in and near the pavilions. As we accumulate the experience during the processing of old magnetic data, a “catalog” of noise and its typical images is formed. This makes it more reliable and efficient to identify and remove this noise from records.