Academic literature on the topic 'Historic parks'
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Journal articles on the topic "Historic parks"
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Moscardo, Gianna M., and Philip L. Pearce. "Historic theme parks." Annals of Tourism Research 13, no. 3 (1986): 467–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(86)90031-9.
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Athanasiadou. "Historic Gardens and Parks Worldwide and in Greece: Principles of Acknowledgement, Conservation, Restoration and Management." Heritage 2, no. 4 (2019): 2678–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2040165.
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The International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Florence Charter 1981 on Historic Gardens sets the first guidelines for the definition of a historic garden, in which sites such as large parks, whether formal or landscape, are included. Since then, there is a continuous effort worldwide on issues of historic garden acknowledgement, conservation, restoration and management. Countries with garden and park tradition, such as the U.K., USA, France and others, have several sites registered and protected. Furthermore, historic garden and park associations exist in Italy, Spain and Portugal, among other nations. In Greece, there is no specific official policy or association regarding historic parks, gardens or landscapes. Greek law includes historic gardens and parks within the spectrum of works of art, places of outstanding natural beauty and historic places/lands for partial or absolute protection, and, thus, attempts in identifying historic landscapes fall generally in other categories, but law specified for historic gardens. However, in both the Greek ratification of the European Landscape Convention and the European Biodiversity directives, there are aspects one could interpret as very useful for the acknowledgement and policy-making on historic gardens and parks. In this paper, an overview on historic gardens and parks abroad and in Greece is attempted, along with aspects of acknowledgement, protection, conservation, restoration and management. Finally, a first attempt on methodological outlines for the acknowledgement and conservation of historic gardens and parks in Greece is presented.
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Jakovlevas-Mateckis, Konstantinas. "LIETUVOS ISTORINIŲ PARKŲ RAIDOS ANALIZĖ IR KAI KURIE JŲ ATKŪRIMO PROBLEMOS ASPEKTAI." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 35, no. 3 (2011): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tpa.2011.19.
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The process of protection, regulation and restoration of historic parks is influenced by many factors. Therefore, the paper briefly analyses the evolution of art style of historic garden-parks of Lithuania, the state of legal instruments for their protection, as well as positive and negative experience in relation to regulation and restoration of historic parks positive. Some suggestions for improvement or renewal of country’s historic parks are offered. Santrauka Istorinių parkų apsaugos, tvarkymo ir atkūrimo procesui įtaką daro visas veiksnių kompleksas. Todėl trumpai analizuojama Lietuvos istorinių sodų ir parkų meno stilių raida ir jų būdingų bruožų sankaupa, šalies istorinių parkų apsaugos, tvarkymo ir atkūrimo teisinės bazės būklė ir istorinių parkų atkūrimo praktikos teigiami bei neigiami aspektai. Pateikiami pasiūlymai šalies istorinių parkų atkūrimui pagerinti.
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Thompson, Catharine Ward. "Historic American Parks and Contemporary Needs." Landscape Journal 17, no. 1 (1998): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.17.1.1.
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Anthony, John. "Protection for Historic Parks and Gardens." Garden History 24, no. 1 (1996): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1587089.
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Sisa, József, and Károly Örsi. "Conserving historic parks and gardens in Hungary." Landscape Research 12, no. 2 (1987): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426398708706228.
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Jacques, David. "The Treatment of Historic Parks and Gardens." Journal of Architectural Conservation 1, no. 2 (1995): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556207.1995.10785133.
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Wabiński, Jakub, Andrzej Araszkiewicz, Albina Mościcka, Emilia Śmiechowska-Petrovskij, and Damian Kiliszek. "UV printed tactile maps of historic parks." AGILE: GIScience Series 5 (May 30, 2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-5-50-2024.
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Abstract. Tactile maps are complex to develop because people with visual impairments (PVI) have perception limitations that require the maps to be highly simplified. However, tactile maps also need to meet other criteria, such as being user-friendly, cost-effective, and fast to produce. Current production methods for tactile maps are not satisfactory. Fortunately, we observe a rapid development of novel production techniques, e.g. additive manufacturing. One of them is UV printing, which has not been applied to tactile graphics yet. Our preliminary research indicates that this technique fulfils all the criteria for making tactile maps. A case study map of a historic park UV printed on a foamed PVC that consists of both: highly-contrasting graphic content and height-differentiated tactile content, has been positively evaluated in a controlled study session by 15 PVI. This technique could enable easy and cheap production of high-quality tactile maps, improving the availability of cartographic materials for PVI worldwide.
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Nutt, Nele, and Ardo Kubjas. "The model of trees for the restoration of historical manor parks in Estonia." Landscape architecture and art 17 (March 14, 2021): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2020.17.03.
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The aim of this article is to work out the methodological basis for the restoration of historical manor parks according to the requirements of the Florence Charter. This is why the park is not studied as an object of biodiversity but as a built monument and an architectural piece, whose composition is mainly created by woody plants particularly trees. The purpose of the current research was to clarify the proportion of examples of distinct tree species in manor parks today and to determine the main tree and shrub species originally used in manor parks. Working out the model for the composition of stands of trees in a historic park. The model for the composition of stands of trees in a historic park was developed. The article summarizes the results of a survey what is a part larger study that explores and understand the key characteristics of Estonian Manor Ensembles and parks.
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Grecevičius, Petras, and Romas Marčius. "OBJECTIVES OF DEVELOPING OLD PARK RECREATIONAL RESOURCES IN SEACOAST LANDSCAPE FORMATION." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 30, no. 3 (2006): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921630.2006.10697073.
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During the last 15 years disagreements between the process of urbanization and environmental (historic, cultural) heritage have clearly increased. Klaipėda old parks and their fragments are disappearing fast, and hard efforts for protection of parks in Palanga, Kretinga, Plungė, Rietavas are needed. The density of construction in park surroundings is increased, and approaches to the parks and their environmental quality are reduced. The formation of settlement greenery systems in which old parks are the basic components of their spatial structure becomes more complicated. In accordance with modern European requirements and the Lithuanian Master Plan, priority should be given to greenery in the spatial settlement structure. To preserve the individuality of Lithuanian landscapes it is necessary to apply measures of planning that would help to combine natural and cultural components providing for a high quality of landscape not only in a short run but also in the remote future. One of such measures is understanding of an important role of historic parks in the spatial structure of coastal settlements and their management. The provision of sustainable development declared by world community commits to analysing particular regional and settlement possibilities, resources for significant improvement of peoples life quality. Resorts are distinguished by their singularity. They have an influence on the national attraction of Lithuania and facilitate state image formation. Some strategic aspects of a harmonious development of historic parks on the Lithuanian seacoast are analised in the work. Specific proposals for improving the results of landscape formation are also presented.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Historic parks"
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Wat, Wing-chung. "Urban fringe park for conservation and recreation Mount Davis, Kennedy Town /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38216553.
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Taylor, Christopher James Carleton University Dissertation History. "National historic parks and sites, 1880-1951; the biography of a federal cultural program." Ottawa, 1986.
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Lai, Ming-chia. "Community involvement in the restoration of historic urban parks : with a specific focus on the Heritage Lottery Fund's Urban Parks Programme grant-aided park restoration projects." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14723/.
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Community involvement is nowadays commonly recognised as an integral part of any successful environmental planning, development and regeneration process. Focusing on a selection of park restoration projects grant-aided by the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) in 1997 under the Urban Parks Programme (UPP), this research aimed primarily to investigate the involvement of local communities in the process of regenerating run-down historic urban parks. The study adopted a triangulation methodology which combined both quantitative and qualitative research approaches and employed multiple data-collecting techniques including a postal questionnaire survey, semi-structured interviews, focus groups and on-site park user surveys. The results of the postal questionnaire survey reveal that park restoration partnerships between local authorities, private sector, voluntary organisations and local community-based groups can commonly be observed in many of the historic urban park restoration projects funded by the HLF under the UPP. Local authorities in general played the leading role in forming and running park restoration partnerships and they were the major contributors to the matched funding and the required technical support for the restoration projects. The involvement of friends groups and other local organisations in park restoration partnerships was relatively moderate, but the case studies of this research demonstrate that friends groups and other local organisations can have a more substantial influence on the overall development of the restoration project when the park restoration partnership is formally established. The study has found that local communities have been extensively involved in the restoration process of historic urban parks. The two most significant objectives of engaging local communities in regenerating run-down historic urban parks are to generate a sense of ownership of the restoration project and its outcome and to better reflect local needs. Local communities tend to be more involved at early stages of the restoration project than at later stages. The methods that have been commonly used to involve local communities are mainly for information giving and consultation. The seven in-depth case studies reveal that 'Friends of Parks' groups are in general the focus of community involvement in the UPP funded park restoration projects. 'Friends of Parks' groups can act as pressure groups, guardians and/or supporters of the park and to be the local community's voice. They can make considerable contributions to the regeneration of their local parks, mainly in the areas of publicity, park events and activities, fund raising, public consultation, project monitoring, involving school children, and the ongoing management of the restored park. The most important contributory factor to effective community involvement is a good relationship between the local authority and the 'Friends of Parks' groups, which can be achieved mainly by establishing friends groups' trust in the local authority's commitment to caring for urban parks and taking on board the friends groups' views and concerns. Project managers and other practitioners engaged in involving local communities in park restoration processes as well as executive members of 'Friends of Parks' groups are all required to have good communication skills in order to achieve effective community involvement.
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Rozick, Janet Kennedy. "Citizens for Metroparks : a history of the Metropolitan Park District of the Toledo Area /." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1265044769.
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Bailey, Charlene Anne Beaty. "Public interpretation of historic archaeology at historic sites in eastern United States." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/865967.
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Fourteen historic sites in the Eastern United States were evaluated for ways archaeological evidence was used in the development of living history, public education, and other interpretive programs. A wide range of sites, such as outdoor living history museum villages, active urban public archaeology programs, sites associated with well-known archaeologists, and sites where the author had personal experience, were studied.Techniques used to interpret archaeological resources to the public were identified to ascertain which were found to be the most effective in spreading the word about preservation and conservation. Technological advances have expanded interpretive possibilities and allowed innovations not thought possible ten years ago. These advances will continue, and archaeologists will need to stay abreast of innovative techniques in public interpretation in spite of excitement or trepidation. This study may serve as guidelines for museums wishing to establish innovative, but low-budget, interpretive programs.<br>Department of Anthropology
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Pinto, Robin Lothrop. "Cattle Grazing in the National Parks: Historical Development and History of Management in Three Southern Arizona Parks." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3625734.
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<p> This dissertation traces the history of cattle grazing at Saguaro NP, Organ Pipe Cactus NM and Fort Bowie NHS in southern Arizona. This collection of studies examines the factors affecting that use, the ranchers who made their living from the landscape, and the federal land managers responsible for sustaining the natural and cultural resources. </p><p> A dominant industry on arid public lands since the Civil War, grazing was altered by a variety of influences: environmental and human-derived. Ranching communities developed from homesteading settlements. Success was determined by climate, topography, and natural resources; social and cultural pressures; economic events and political legislation; and later federal regulations and decisions. </p><p> The first agency to oversee grazing, USFS was under constant pressure to maximize short-term human benefits. The NPS Organic Act of 1916 mandated conservation of natural resources "by such means as will leave them unimpaired for future generations" and yet approved cattle grazing, an extractive use, under USFS management. Park managers were frustrated by grazing practices not under their control. Parks were at a cultural and social disadvantage. Residents and politicians often expressed displeasure at park reservations; communities feared that parks would interfere with local industries. </p><p> Park employees supervised visitors and developed recreation infrastructure; they came with little experience to manage livestock. Lack of funding for research, limited manpower, and political and administrative interference allowed cattle grazing to continue unregulated for decades altering vegetation and enhancing erosion. In the 1960s, changing values from the environmental movement, the waning power of the livestock industry, and the rise of activist scientists impelled NPS to act. Without monitoring data, NPS turned to legal opinions to terminate grazing. </p><p> Now grazing is regulated and carefully monitored. NPS is mandated to incorporate research results into management decisions. Older grazing permits are being retired, but land acquisitions for park additions add new management challenges. Purchasing permits offers a new but financially limited opportunity to protect sensitive lands. Grazing has ended at all three parks, yet ecological changes and historic structures remain. As cultural and administrative legacies, those remnants offer opportunities to interpret a significant regional tradition and an untold controversy.</p>
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Colvin, Donald A. "A methodology for developing a preservation vegetation management strategy for a historic designed landscape : Dayton's Hills and Dale's Park." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722768.
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Vegetation management techniques have only recently been applied to the preservation of historic designed landscapes mainly because vegetation was not previously recognized as an important component of the historic sites. An example of a lack of vegetation management planning is seen as Hills and Dales Park in Dayton, Ohio. This Olmsted Brothers site design reveals several strong levels of historic significance. Resource managers predominately deal with budget constraints and maintenance priorities which emphasize public health and safety before preservation concerns. The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology to capture the historic character of the Hills and Dales Park and subsequently translate it into a preservation vegetation management plan (PVM). This strategy may be adapted by other researchers for use on additional sites.The primary data sources used in this study originated with historic photographs and digitally captured topographical and early 1900 survey maps. The data were appraised using previous verbal site descriptions documented by (Vernon 1987, 1988), and on site field reconnaissance. Analytical models were developed based on topography, soil, slope/aspect, disturbance, and boundary edge data. Random samples were taken using a variable plot method and a ten factor basal area prism. Field data were collected and used to determine plant species composition, forest types, tree basal area, tree diameter breast height, vegetation physical condition and aesthetic composition of plant groupings. Data were synthesized into recommendations for the Hills and Dales Park vegetation management strategy. Analysis and the proposed PVM scheme were undertaken using Intergraph's Geographic Information Systems spatial modeling software.The PVM strategy for Hills and Dales Park was developed from the above methodology for evaluating vegetation on historic landscapes. Once the site was inventoried and assessed, a sustainable vegetation management strategy was proposed based on proven ecological and silvicultural techniques. This scheme's main objective was to protect the park's historic integrity, sense of place, and historic vegetation composition.<br>Department of Landscape Architecture
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Thomson, Victoria Louise. "The value and meaning of significance in the planning system for the protection of historic parks and gardens in England." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2014. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/fdcaa49b-9aab-44a2-9ffa-98b1a126e29d/1.
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In England, parks and gardens are an acknowledged part of the historic environment, for which the principal protection mechanism is the planning system. Since 2010, that protection has relied primarily on the application of a policy predicated on the identification and conservation of a historic asset’s ‘significance’, or special interest. This research evaluates the concept of significance as a basis for protecting historic parks and gardens in England, and assesses the effectiveness of the planning system in sustaining that significance. It adopts a case study approach to investigate the handling of a planning application for a development proposal in each of three registered parks and gardens, involving site assessments, documentary review, and semi-structured interviews. This is supplemented by a nationwide questionnaire survey of local planning authorities, interviews with high-level stakeholders, and analysis of relevant policy and legislation. The research finds that significance-based policy is not well understood, and that its potential is unfulfilled in practice. Parks and gardens themselves are found to be relatively neglected as heritage assets in both conservation and research. The research concludes that the planning system could be effective in sustaining the significance of historic parks and gardens, but currently is not. The contributions to knowledge made by the research include the review of planning practice in respect of parks and gardens (the first since 1992), the development of a typology of interests to inform the definition of significance, and a model to guide the process of definition. A further contribution – with the potential for wider application – is a theoretical model of the influences on the construction of significance in the decision-making process on planning applications. Recommendations arising from the research include a call for improved use of existing protection mechanisms, and for the production of guidance for practitioners to support this.
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Furr, Gabriella R. "Current and Historic Visitor Experiences in Coastal Alaskan Wilderness: Visitor Motivations and Experience Quality in Glacier Bay National Park & Preserve." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7695.
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Visitors to parks and protected areas (PPAs) engage in a variety of activities and choose different modes of travel, especially when the location itself has few limitations, such as open-water settings with relatively few backcountry visitors. Managers must understand why visitors are recreating in a particular place and the quality of their experiences in order to offer appropriate and meaningful opportunities. This study seeks to better understand visitor motivations (the “why”), to develop and measure effective indicators for evaluating the quality of visitor experiences, and to contextualize these findings with a unique investigation of historical Glacier Bay National Park data. This study contributes to current literature by exploring visitor dimensions in a coastal Alaskan park. Visitor intercept surveys were conducted for six different visitor groups. Several statistical analyses were completed, resulting in eight visitor motivations, a three-group clustering of visitors based on their motivations, and an overall report of high-quality experiences. Historical comparisons confirm that decades later visitors continue to be motivated by opportunities to experience glaciers, solitude, and natural connection and renewal; litter, cruise ships and propeller-driven aircrafts continue to be the main social factors detracting from the visitor’s overall experience; and visitors are shifting to older, highly educated, wealthy travelers.
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Wat, Wing-chung, and 屈穎中. "Urban fringe park for conservation and recreation: Mount Davis, Kennedy Town." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38216553.
Full textBooks on the topic "Historic parks"
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Massachusetts. Division of Forests and Parks. Massachusetts historic state parks. Dept. of Environmental Management, Division of Forests and Parks, 1995.
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Canada, Canada Dept of the Environment Parks. Historic Guide to Canada's National Historic Parks. s.n, 1985.
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Penny, David, Laislaw Ros, and Welsh Historic Gardens Trust, eds. Historic parks & gardens in Ceredigion. Ceredigion Branch of the Welsh Historic Gardens Trust, 2006.
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Association, Cylburn Arboretum, ed. Baltimore's historic parks and gardens. Arcadia Pub., 2004.
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Conway, Hazel. Public prospects: Historic urban parks under threat. Garden History Society, 1993.
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Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission., ed. Historic vacation rentals in the Long Beach area state parks. Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission, 2001.
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Reeves, Sally K. Evans. Historic City Park, New Orleans. City Park Improvement Association, 2000.
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Commission, Australian Heritage, ed. Australia's historic gardens, parks, and trees. Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1991.
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Canada, Canada Parks. Parks Canada vacation planner: National parks and national historic sites Ontario. Parks Canada, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Historic parks"
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Lambert, David. "Researching Historic Parks and Gardens." In Gardens & Landscapes in Historic Building Conservation. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118508107.ch11.
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Conway, Hazel. "Public Parks and Their Conservation." In Gardens & Landscapes in Historic Building Conservation. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118508107.ch19.
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White, Jenifer. "Conserving Historic Parks and Gardens in a Changing Climate." In Gardens & Landscapes in Historic Building Conservation. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118508107.ch20.
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Lambert, David. "The History and the Future of Public Parks." In Gardens & Landscapes in Historic Building Conservation. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118508107.ch9.
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Lovie, Jonathan. "Historic Parks and Gardens: the Planning System and Other Conservation Tools." In Gardens & Landscapes in Historic Building Conservation. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118508107.ch27.
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Rohde, Michael. "Historic Gardens as a Cultural Task: Climate Adaptation Strategies and Understanding of Nature." In 50 Years World Heritage Convention: Shared Responsibility – Conflict & Reconciliation. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05660-4_21.
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AbstractThe cultivation and preservation of gardens, parks and cultural landscapes as fine art have been expressions of culture for millennia and are becoming essential tasks of cultural property protection in times of climate change. This is because the visible effects of climate change are increasingly threatening the historical aesthetics and current uses of historic gardens. Strategies for climate adaptation require not only thorough and networked experiential knowledge in the field of conservation and restoration sciences but also specific and interdisciplinary research expertise. Gardens as cultural assets must become scientific model laboratories to understand cultivation and conservation as essential cultural tasks of our societies. These challenges must lead to a new understanding of nature that initiates and perpetuates a responsible, humane sense of life through the gardens.
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Bortolini, Lucia, and Lorenzo Guerrini. "Preparatory Activities for the Care and Maintenance of Historic Parks and Gardens: A Case Study." In AIIA 2022: Biosystems Engineering Towards the Green Deal. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30329-6_39.
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Greenberg, Michael. "Remnants of the Industrial Revolution: America’s Historic Grand Concourses as Heritage Attractions." In Environmental & Social Justice Challenges Near America’s Most Popular Museums, Parks, Zoos & Other Heritage Attractions. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08183-5_4.
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Gwyn Langemann, E. "Parks Canada: Historical Archaeology." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_1783.
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Gwyn Langemann, E. "Parks Canada: Historical Archaeology." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_1783-2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Historic parks"
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Cekule, Marita. "THE EVALUATION OF THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE URBAN HISTORIC PARKS." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/2.2/s11.125.
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White, Nils. "Repair Grants for Historic Farm Buildings in Dartmoor National Park." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15636.
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The Historic Rural Building Pilot Scheme, launched in 2018, was a collaborative project between national cultural and natural heritage organisations, government agencies and five English National Parks. Its aim was to bring life back to traditional agricultural buildings within the boundaries of participating National Parks. Funding was available for building repairs using traditional methods and materials, with the aims of preserving the distinctive character of the areas and keeping the buildings in continued agricultural use.The Author is an independent heritage consultant employed by Dartmoor National Park Authority to oversee the 13 repair projects selected there. These ranged in size from small, isolated barns to a large, late 19thcentury model farmstead. Typical works included masonry and cob repairs, timber repairs, roof replacement etc. A total of £1.3m has been offered in the National Park covering 80% of the cost of eligible repairs.The paper briefly describes Dartmoor and provides an overview of the scheme. Individual case studies are considered, illustrated with photos, describing the history and significance of each building, their construction, the structural problems affecting them before repair; and the philosophy and solutions adopted.
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Cusson, Benoit. "Two Outstanding Aluminum Pedestrian Bridges in a National Historic Site." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1641.
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<p>In 2017, WSP undertook the challenge of designing two non-conventional aluminum multifunctional walkways for Parks Canada at the Lachine Canal National Historic Site. The designer retained the geometry of the early 19<span>th</span> railway bridges to recall the rich heritage of the industrial era that marked the site. Choosing aluminum for the structures emphasizes Parks Canada’s vision: walking towards the future and using innovative, maintenance-free materials. The 27 m x 4.5 m pony truss aluminum structures are completely welded, thus requiring no assembly on site. This is a feat given the constraints of this material. With nearly 5,000 pedestrian and cyclist crossings per day, the works were planned to limit the duration of the building site to only three weeks.</p><p>This article focuses on the design of the non-redundant chords of the structures and the vibration issues due to pedestrian crossing. Explanations are provided regarding how the designer applied the provisions that have mainly been prepared for steel and concrete structures to aluminum structures. In the context of a non- redundant single span, it was still possible to obtain a nearly constant demand over capacity ratio for the compressed top chord over its entire length. Moreover, it describes how it is possible to quantify the performance of a footbridge with regards to vibration behavior at the serviceability limit state.</p>
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Hayden, William M., Allen Pac, and Julius M. Taylor. "Reconstruction of the Historic Battleship TEXAS." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2014-t07.
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Commissioned in 1914 as the most powerful weapon in the world, the Battleship TEXAS (BB-35) is the last surviving Dreadnought and the only battleship left in existence today, which fought in both World War I and World War II. Time and nature have taken a major structural toll on the ship; she is in immediate need of critical repairs, as well as a long-term solution for her continued preservation. Although a major shell restoration project was completed in 1990, the internal structure of the inner bottom has continued to deteriorate. In 2012, Texas Parks and Wildlife issued a Request for Proposals to solicit bids to perform an in-situ repair of the deteriorated frames, longitudinals, and inner-bottom plating. This phase of structural repairs is largely complete and has employed some novel techniques to restore the strength of the structural members while retaining as much of the historic fabric as possible. Additionally, the restoration presented an unusual scenario of needing to support the original triple expansion steam engines from overhead deck structure while renewing the foundation supports. This paper will describe the engine support system and the structural analysis used to design the system as well as details of the repair procedures to replacing or doubling the existing keel, longitudinals, and framing throughout the aft end of the ship
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Furman, N. V., and I. S. Pushkareva. "Architectural and landscape revitalization of urbanized landscape as a method of formation of urban-ecological framework of Saratov city." In IV All-Russian (national) scientific conference with international participation: "Science, technology, society: Environmental engineering in the interests of sustainable development of territories". Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/nto.4.2023.10.314-321.
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The article deals with the problem of formation of urban-ecological framework of a large historical city, including two subsystems: natural-ecological framework (or natural framework) and urban-ecological framework (system of green areas of the city). Architectural and landscape revitalization of destructive urban landscapes is considered as one of the ways to solve the problem. Expansion of the system of green areas of the city through architectural and landscape transformation of postindustrial, post-railroad, post-communal warehouse, etc. territories is an effective way to form a sustainable urban environment. For the city of Saratov, this method is the only possible way to increase the area of greenery in the historic center, characterized by high density of buildings and "sealed" soil cover. The lack of landscape and recreational spaces in the city center can be compensated by the formation of a linear system of parks in the coastal zone, the communication framework of which will be a new embankment being built along the entire historic city center. The formation of park territories of the planned recreational zone is carried out on the following principles: environmental sustainability, social justice and economic efficiency.
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Antolak, Mariusz. "GIS TOOLS IN THE RESTORATION OF HISTORIC PARKS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE WARMINSKO-MAZURSKIE VOIVODESHIP IN POLAND." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/23/s11.065.
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Kruth, Jeffrey, and Elizabeth Keslacy. "Unpacking the Archive: Community Engagment and the Research Studio." In 110th ACSA Annual Meeting Paper Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.110.72.
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The city is often a place of collective memory, but as the recent conflicts over monuments and memorials have taught us, some memories are prematurely erased while others live on past their shelf life. Although history and memory can sometimes leave their mark upon the city, it is more often incumbent upon later generations to construct physical markers of important, though ephemeral, events. More recently cities have invested in informative and interactive installations, and architects have created more abstract, experiential structures that convey history in a more emotive mode. As part of this discourse, our teaching project titled “Unpacking the Archive” aimed to recuperate the lost histories of those who shaped the city immediately after the Civil Rights era when white flight to the suburbs and an era of austerity permanently altered cities. In the context of two courses, a seminar and a research studio, we examined the struggles and actions of the Over-the-Rhine People’s Movement in Cincinnati, Ohio that originated in the early 1970s and continues today. The People’s Movement is a coalition of activists, institutions, and residents who waged a series of campaigns to fight for housing access, schools, parks, and services against hypergentrification and a municipal bureaucracy actively working to eliminate the poor from a picturesque historic neighborhood. A true poor people’s campaign, the Peoples’ Movement unified poor Appalachian and Black residents at a time of heightened racial tensions.
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Jeong, Hyesun. "The Future of Main Streets for Sustainable Placemaking in Downtown Arlington." In 110th ACSA Annual Meeting Paper Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.110.87.
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The idea of a contemporary “Main Street” that draws on the traditional typology of historic cities and towns is a recognized model for urban economic development (Talen and Jeong 2019; Duany, Plater- Zyberk, and Speck 2000; Llewelyn-Davies 2007; Mehta and Bosson 2010). Centrally located between Dallas and Fort Worth, Arlington is home to major sports stadiums, theme parks, the Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) airport, and the University of Texas at Arlington (UTA). However, despite the city’s rapid population growth, downtown Arlington lacks local development that would balance that large-scale planning. Still, a recent infrastructure investment along Abram Streets suggests that the development of a Main Street is possible. According to U.S. Census data from 2008– 2012, 92% of employees in Arlington commute by driving, while downtown and the university’s campus are categorized as food deserts. Drawing from the principles of New Urbanism and successful examples of Main Streets in Dallas and Fort Worth, we propose urban design and planning images for placemaking in downtown Arlington to promote local business, food, retail, and transit alternatives for active walking, bicycling, and use of public transit. Our study on Main Streets will be used to achieve two goals: one, an assessment of the feasibility of creating a Main Street in downtown Arlington, and two, a study that will expand the current literature on placemaking to the context of postwar Sunbelt cities, a topic that has not received much attention. We suggest that the built infrastructure of 1920s streetcar corridors can be reused as a new foundation for walkable Main Streets and targets for planning initiatives to anchor sustainable urban redevelopment. We expect the project to both have local impact and make an important contribution to the scholarly literature on sustainable urban development in a post-sprawl context.
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Kurmangalieva, Gulnur. "THE HISTORY FORMATION OF THE SCIENCE OF ABAI STUDIES." In Paris International Conference on Teaching, Education & Learning, 10-11 January 2024. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/ictel.2024.06.
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The article will focus on the history of the formation of one of the fundamental branches of Kazakh literary science – Abay studies. An overview of the history of the formation and study of the history of Abay studies is made, scientific works that have shown the heritage of Abay in different years are analyzed. In the main part, a brief analysis of the history of Abai's knowledge, the study of the poet's heritage in general, a lot of scientifically valuable historical facts are analyzed. Through the work of scientists studying the history of Abay studies, the personality and civic identity of the poet are revealed. After studying the research of research scientists in research works and monographs, the importance and effectiveness of the modern discipline of Abay studies is shown. The history of the study and the stages of the formation of Abay studies are differentiated in modern times, when the degree of research of data on the heritage of Abay is increasing. Starting with M. Auezov, who brought Abay studies into the scientific system, based on the works of Y. Mustambayevich, K. Zhubanov, B. Kenzhebayev, K. Zhumaliyev, Z. Akhmetov, K. Mukhamedkhanov, M. Myrzakhmetuly, it is necessary to look at the history of the formation of Abay studies and analyze the works of the independence period from a new angle.
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Mira Rico, Juan Antonio. "Defensive architecture and heritage education: analysis of the National Park Service and Parks Canada actions." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15263.
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Defensive architecture is a heritage typology of great interest for society due to various reasons, such as its monumentality, history, beauty or ability to fascinate thanks to cinema, literature or television. Like other cultural assets, its management is based on research, preservation, restoration, didactics, dissemination and participation following current approaches. In this sense, heritage education plays a fundamental role since it is a tool that connects cultural heritage with people. This fact becomes a key aspect to guarantee its knowledge, preservation, use and enjoyment over time. This paper will analyse the actions on heritage education of the National Park Service (United States of America) and Parks Canada which are focused on defensive architecture. Both offices have been chosen because they manage examples of defensive architecture and are world leaders in heritage education. Therefore, the main purpose is to know their actions and make proposals for the Spanish context. This is an interesting fact because Spain has a rich and varied defensive architecture but heritage education still has little presence, which is surprising because heritage education favours society commitment when preserving cultural heritage. To this end, the qualitative work methodology will be used, specifically the analysis technique applied to the contents of the National Park Service and Parks Canada web pages.
Reports on the topic "Historic parks"
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Lowe, Hilary. ?To Keep a Birthplace?: An Administrative History of John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302805.
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The National Park Service (NPS) opened the John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site (JOFI), in Brookline, Massachusetts in 1969 to commemorate the life of the 35th president, John F. Kennedy, at the home where he was born in 1917. The site was a gift from Rose Kennedy, and the Kennedy family, to the nation. It joined the Park Service initially as part of a unit managed by the Boston Service Group, a regional administrative unit that managed many parks and units that were in development and several small sites. The Administrative History traces the history of the establishment and management of John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site from efforts to commemorate the house during his presidency through the beginning of the 21st century.
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Leis, Sherry, Lloyd Morrison, and Tani Hubbard. Long-term trends in prairie vegetation at three national parks: 1998?2022. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302359.
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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network has monitored plant communities in National Parks since 1998. Three of those parks in the northern tier of the network?Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (NHS), Homestead National Historical Park (NHP), and Pipestone National Monument (NM)?have reconstructed tallgrass prairie communities and were sampled concurrently in 2022. In this combined report, we describe similarities and differences among the three parks related to current vegetation and trends. Climatically, Herbert Hoover NHS and Homestead NHP have similar temperature profiles, but Homestead NHP is drier. Pipestone NM differs from the other two parks in temperature and precipitation. Long-term climatic signals for major drought events varied by park, and moisture at Herbert Hoover NHS is likely to increase with climate change. Precipitation shifts could influence vegetation trends in the future requiring action such as flood mitigations, wildfire protections during prolonged drought, and consideration for species additions to adapt to new climate profiles. Plant composition was similar for Herbert Hoover NHS and Homestead NHP while the combination of plant species and abundances at Pipestone NM was different from the other two parks, especially within the Sioux Quartzite community type. There appeared to be some compositional shifts over time for Homestead NHP. That trend was supported by greater species turnover at Homestead NHP than the other two parks. The reconstruction at Homestead NHP is older than that of Herbert Hoover NHS and possibly Pipestone NM, but we are unable to determine the underlying causes of species changes. Quality assessment procedures provided a moderate level of confidence in our data with respect to botanist agreement on identifications. We met our goal of about 80% agreement in species composition. Cover class agreement was greater than?70%, with less than 4% of observations off by more than one class. Native species richness trends varied by park. Herbert Hoover NHS continues to gain native species while Pipestone NM is losing species. Species richness at Homestead NHP did not exhibit a directional trend. Pipestone NM tended to have less cover of forbs and grasses than the other two parks, reflecting the more complex geological landscape with surface rock. Grass abundance appears to be declining from baseline years for all three parks. Grass-like and fern guilds are much less abundant in all the parks than other plant guilds. Woody plants in 2022 were similar at Herbert Hoover NHS and Homestead NHP in terms of mean cover and heterogeneity across the prairies, but tree encroachment into the grasslands is a potential concern. Pipestone NM generally had fewer woody plants (including tree seedlings) in 2022, but the amount varied through time. Canopy closure, measured for the first time in 2022, was present in all three parks, but was greatest at Homestead NHP. Nonnative plant cover was the greatest at Pipestone NM, but current abundance at Herbert Hoover NHS was greater in 2022 than baseline years. Homestead NHP consistently had little nonnative plant cover since 2005. Abundance (% cover) of two nonnative grasses of concern?Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) and smooth brome (Bromus inermis)?differed by park and year. Recent increases in Kentucky bluegrass abundance at Herbert Hoover NHS might reflect changes in management. Although these parks have individual differences in climate as well as in timing and use of management actions, they share similar histories of cultivation and reconstruction. Efforts to restore or reconstruct portions of the prairie at Pipestone NM were unique among the three parks. Future analyses might continue to combine Herbert Hoover NHS and Homestead NHP but examine Pipestone NM separately; the unique geologic history and differences in vegetation communities at Pipestone NM may make individual assessment a better option. However, comparing trends in guilds of concern, such as woody and nonnative plants, across all three parks can be helpful for gauging success with management tools in light of regional changes in climate.
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Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve: 2019 data summary—Version 2.0. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2290196.
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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted on 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve (TIMU). A total of 23 vegetation plots were established in the park in May and June. Data collected in each plot include species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches (in)]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve in 2019. Data were stratified across three dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands, Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and three land parcels (Cedar Point, Theodore Roosevelt, and Thomas Creek). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 157 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 23 vegetation plots, including nine species not previously known from the park. Three plots were located in the footprint of the Yellow Bluff Fire, and were sampled only two weeks following the fire event. Muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia), cat greenbrier (Smilax glauca), water oak (Quercus nigra), and swamp tupelo (Nyssa biflora) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetland habitat; saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), and gallberry (Ilex glabra) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Open Upland and Woodland habitat; and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica), Spanish moss (Tillandsia usenoides), and red bay (Persea borbonia) were the most frequently encountered species in Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. There were no exotic species of the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council list of invasive plants (FLEPPC 2020) observed on any of these plots. Both red bay and swamp bay (Persea palustris) were largely absent from the tree stratum in these plots; however, they were present (occasionally in high abundance) in the seedling and sapling strata across all habitat types. Buckthorn bully (Sideroxylon lycioides)—listed as Endangered in the state of Florida by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020)—was observed in three Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots. The tree strata in each broadly defined habitat were dominated by the following species: Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands-loblolly bay (Gordonia lasianthus) Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands-longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands-oaks (Quercus sp.) Most stems within the tree strata exhibited healthy vigor and only moderate dieback across all habitat types. However, there was a large amount of standing dead trees in plots within Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Downed woody biomass (fuel loads) were highest in the Cedar Point and Thomas Creek land parcels.
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Dodd, Hope, David Peitz, Gareth Rowell, et al. Protocol for Monitoring Fish Communities in Small Streams in the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284726.
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Fish communities are an important component of aquatic systems and are good bioindicators of ecosystem health. Land use changes in the Midwest have caused sedimentation, erosion, and nutrient loading that degrades and fragments habitat and impairs water quality. Because most small wadeable streams in the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) have a relatively small area of their watersheds located within park boundaries, these streams are at risk of degradation due to adjacent land use practices and other anthropogenic disturbances. Shifts in the physical and chemical properties of aquatic systems have a dramatic effect on the biotic community. The federally endangered Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) and other native fishes have declined in population size due to habitat degradation and fragmentation in Midwest streams. By protecting portions of streams on publicly owned lands, national parks may offer refuges for threatened or endangered species and species of conservation concern, as well as other native species. This protocol describes the background, history, justification, methodology, data analysis and data management for long-term fish community monitoring of wadeable streams within nine HTLN parks: Effigy Mounds National Monument (EFMO), George Washington Carver National Monument (GWCA), Herbert Hoover National Historic Site (HEHO), Homestead National Monument of America (HOME), Hot Springs National Park (HOSP), Pea Ridge National Military Park (PERI), Pipestone National Monument (PIPE), Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve (TAPR), and Wilson's Creek national Battlefield (WICR). The objectives of this protocol are to determine the status and long-term trends in fish richness, diversity, abundance, and community composition in small wadeable streams within these nine parks and correlate the long-term community data to overall water quality and habitat condition (DeBacker et al. 2005).
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Baron, Lisa, William Vervaeke, and M. Gregory. Monitoring coastal wetland elevation in Southeast Coast Network parks: Protocol implementation plan. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301244.
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The National Park Service (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring Division has initiated coastal wetland elevation monitoring at or in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras National Seashore (CAHA), Cape Lookout National Seashore (CALO), Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU), Fort Frederica National Monument (FOFR), Cumberland Island National Seashore (CUIS), Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve (TIMU), Fort Matanzas National Monument (FOMA), and Canaveral National Seashore (CANA). This protocol implementation plan is based on the Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network protocol, The Surface Elevation Table and Marker Horizon Technique: A Protocol for Monitoring Wetland Elevation Dynamics (Lynch et al. 2015) with the goal of ensuring NPS data are comparable with existing, contemporary, and future data sets collected by NPS monitoring networks and other monitoring programs. The Southeast Coast Network?s (SECN) coastal wetland monitoring effort collects surface elevation and marker horizon data at permanent monitoring stations in park salt marsh and mangrove wetlands to provide data to park resource managers on the status of, and trends in, coastal wetland conditions and abilities to adapt to sea level rise within the park and surrounding areas. In addition to sites located with park managed areas, multiple sites located within the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve (GTMNERR) are being monitored in a partnership with their system-wide wetland elevation monitoring program. The sites monitored through the GTMNERR partnership are near Fort Matanzas National Monument and Castillo de San Marcos National Monument (CASA), geographically located between Canaveral National Seashore and Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve. Similarly, other partnerships will be perused around other parks to better understand wetland elevation dynamics around those areas. The purpose of this protocol implementation plan is twofold: to provide a monitoring framework for collecting scientifically sound data and to supply information to help evaluate the current status and trends in coastal wetland conditions. Understanding trends in coastal wetland condition and how stressors such as coastal storms and sea level rise affect them is important for managing these important ecosystems. Surface elevation and marker horizon data can be leveraged to determine if current management practices or environmental conditions are sustaining the desired functions and uses of the parks. Data collected under this protocol implementation plan are stored in the NPS Surface Elevation Table (SET) Monitoring Database (NPS I&M 2017). In addition to utilizing customized data handling and reporting procedures, this plan and its accompanying standard operating procedures (SOPs) set guidelines for data to be made available internally to park resource managers and employees along with publication to larger audiences via peer-reviewed reports and briefing statements.
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Michalak, Julia, Josh Lawler, John Gross, and Caitlin Littlefield. A strategic analysis of climate vulnerability of national park resources and values. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287214.
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The U.S. national parks have experienced significant climate-change impacts and rapid, on-going changes are expected to continue. Despite the significant climate-change vulnerabilities facing parks, relatively few parks have conducted comprehensive climate-change vulnerability assessments, defined as assessments that synthesize vulnerability information from a wide range of sources, identify key climate-change impacts, and prioritize vulnerable park resources (Michalak et al. In review). In recognition that funding and planning capacity is limited, this project was initiated to identify geographies, parks, and issues that are high priorities for conducting climate-change vulnerability assessments (CCVA) and strategies to efficiently address the need for CCVAs across all U.S. National Park Service (NPS) park units (hereafter “parks”) and all resources. To help identify priority geographies and issues, we quantitatively assessed the relative magnitude of vulnerability factors potentially affecting park resources and values. We identified multiple vulnerability factors (e.g., temperature change, wildfire potential, number of at-risk species, etc.) and sought existing datasets that could be developed into indicators of these factors. To be included in the study, datasets had to be spatially explicit or already summarized for individual parks and provide consistent data for at least all parks within the contiguous U.S. (CONUS). The need for consistent data across such a large geographic extent limited the number of datasets that could be included, excluded some important drivers of climate-change vulnerability, and prevented adequate evaluation of some geographies. The lack of adequately-scaled data for many key vulnerability factors, such as freshwater flooding risks and increased storm activity, highlights the need for both data development and more detailed vulnerability assessments at local to regional scales where data for these factors may be available. In addition, most of the available data at this scale were related to climate-change exposures, with relatively little data available for factors associated with climate-change sensitivity or adaptive capacity. In particular, we lacked consistent data on the distribution or abundance of cultural resources or accessible data on infrastructure across all parks. We identified resource types, geographies, and critical vulnerability factors that lacked data for NPS’ consideration in addressing data gaps. Forty-seven indicators met our criteria, and these were combined into 21 climate-change vulnerability factors. Twenty-seven indicators representing 12 vulnerability factors addressed climate-change exposure (i.e., projected changes in climate conditions and impacts). A smaller number of indictors measured sensitivity (12 indicators representing 5 vulnerability factors). The sensitivity indicators often measured park or landscape characteristics which may make resources more or less responsive to climate changes (e.g., current air quality) as opposed to directly representing the sensitivity of specific resources within the park (e.g., a particular rare species or type of historical structure). Finally, 6 indicators representing 4 vulnerability factors measured external adaptive capacity for living resources (i.e., characteristics of the park and/or surrounding landscape which may facilitate or impede species adaptation to climate changes). We identified indicators relevant to three resource groups: terrestrial living, aquatic living (including living cultural resources such as culturally significant landscapes, plant, or animal species) and non-living resources (including infrastructure and non-living cultural resources such as historic buildings or archeological sites). We created separate indicator lists for each of these resource groups and analyzed them separately. To identify priority geographies within CONUS,...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Southern Plains Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293756.
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Type sections are one of several kinds of stratotypes. A stratotype is the standard (original or subsequently designated), accessible, and specific sequence of rock for a named geologic unit that forms the basis for the definition, recognition, and comparison of that unit elsewhere. Geologists designate stratotypes for rock exposures that are illustrative and representative of the map unit being defined. Stratotypes ideally should remain accessible for examination and study by others. In this sense, geologic stratotypes are similar in concept to biological type specimens, however, they remain in situ as rock exposures rather than curated in a repository. Therefore, managing stratotypes requires inventory and monitoring like other geologic heritage resources in parks. In addition to type sections, stratotypes also include type localities, type areas, reference sections, and lithodemes, all of which are defined in this report. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to stratotypes that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic heritage resources. This effort identified two stratotypes designated within two park units of the Southern Plains Inventory & Monitoring Network (SOPN): Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument (ALFL) has one type locality; and Capulin Volcano National Monument (CAVO) contains one type area. There are currently no designated stratotypes within Bent’s Old Fort National Historic Site (BEOL), Chickasaw National Recreation Area (CHIC), Fort Larned National Historic Site (FOLS), Fort Union National Monument (FOUN), Lake Meredith National Recreation Area (LAMR), Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park (LYJO), Pecos National Historical Site (PECO), Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site (SAND), Waco Mammoth National Monument (WACO), and Washita Battlefield National Historic Site (WABA). The inventory of geologic stratotypes across the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS has centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks established during the late 1990s. Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks and was therefore adopted for the stratotype inventory. The Greater Yellowstone I&M Network (GRYN) was the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Methodologies and reporting strategies adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the SOPN. This report includes a recommendation section that addresses outstanding issues and future steps regarding park unit stratotypes. These recommendations will hopefully guide decision-making and help ensure that these geoheritage resources are properly protected and that proposed park activities or development will not adversely impact the stability and condition of these geologic exposures.
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Swan, Megan, and Christopher Calvo. Site characterization and change over time in semi-arid grassland and shrublands at three parks?Chaco Culture National Historic Park, Petrified Forest National Park, and Wupatki National Monument: Upland vegetation and soils monitoring 2007?2021. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301582.
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This report presents results of upland vegetation and soil monitoring of semi-arid grasslands at three Parks by the Southern Colorado Plateau Inventory and Monitoring Network (SCPN) from 2007?2021. The purpose is to compare and contrast five grassland ecological sites and examine how they have changed during the first 15 years of monitoring. Crews collected data on composition and abundance of vegetation, both at the species level and by lifeform (e.g., perennial grass, shrub, forb) and soil aggregate stability and soil texture at 150 plots within five target grassland/shrubland communities delineated using NRCS ecological site (ecosite) classification (30 plots per ecosite). Soils in plots at Petrified Forest NP and Chaco Culture NHP were deeper than those at Wupatki NM. Undifferentiated soil crust comprised the largest component of the soil surface, except at Wupatki where surface gravel dominated. Cover of biological soil crust (cyanobacteria, lichen, and moss) was low. Soil aggregate stability was moderate. From 2007?2021, SCPN crews identified 283 unique plant species. Overall live foliar cover ranged from 12-24%. Four of five ecological sites were dominated by C4 grass species (>70% of total live foliar cover). Shrubs co-dominated at one site (WUPA L) and forbs were an overall small component of total vegetation cover but contributed most of the diversity in these sites. Less than 4% of species detected were nonnative. Russian thistle (Salsola tragus) was the most frequently sampled nonnative, occurring in > 50% of plots at Wupatki in the volcanic upland ecological site. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) was the second most common invasive species but occurred in < 10% of the plots at all ecological sites. Vegetation cover was modeled using Bayesian hierarchical models and included seasonal climatic water deficits, year effects and topographic variables as covariates. Models revealed significant negative time trends (i.e., changes over time that were not explained by changes in seasonal deficit covariates included) in some modeled responses, particularly in the cover of perennial grass at all five ecological sites. Time trends in shrub and forb responses were mixed. Species richness showed variable effects by ecosite, decreasing at CHCU S, and increasing at PEFO S and WUPA V. Modeled responses were influenced by climate covariates, but direction of these effects varied. The most consistent effects were that greater July water stress and higher accumulated growing degree days (i.e., warmer spring temperatures) increased cover of perennial grasses and shrubs during the same year. However, greater water stress in the spring had a negative effect on many responses as expected. Decreasing cover of perennial grass and increasing cover of shrubs and weedy forbs has been predicted for southwestern grasslands in response to increasing aridification due to anthropogenic climate change. Perennial grass trends reported here correspond with these predictions with mixed results on shrub and forb community trends. Continued drought conditions will likely exacerbate negative changes in these systems.
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Henderson, Tim, Vincet Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: North Coast and Cascades Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293013.
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A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability and preservation. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) that form a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies (rock types), bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. Mappable geologic units may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2021). In most instances, when a new geologic unit (such as a formation) is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section or exposure area of the unit is designated as the stratotype (see “Definitions” below). The type section is an important reference exposure for a named geologic unit that presents a relatively complete and representative example for this unit. Geologic stratotypes are important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. The inventory of all geologic stratotypes throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network-level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, and data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic stratotypes within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the North Coast and Cascades Inventory & Monitoring Network (NCCN). The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic landmarks and geologic heritage resources. The review of stratotype occurrences for the NCCN shows there are currently no designated stratotypes for Fort Vancouver National Historic Site (FOVA), Lewis and Clark National Historical Park (LEWI), or San Juan...
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Boyle, Maxwell. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Cape Lookout National Seashore: 2022 data summary. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303636.
Full textAbstract:
Parks within the Southeast Coast Network (SECN) host a diverse assemblage of plants and terrestrial vegetation communities. Vegetation communities are dynamic entities whose species composition, abundance, distribution, and structure are influenced by environmental factors and impacted over time by natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Determining trends in vegetation communities over time and identifying plant stressors is vital to understanding the ecological health of terrestrial ecosystems within SECN parks. Like most barrier islands along the southeastern coast, the vegetation communities along Cape Lookout National Seashore range from open beach and foredune grasslands on the ocean-facing side to tidal marshes on the sound-facing side. Between is a mixture of interdune swales, backdunes, and enclosed wetlands. Open upland vegetation is found on foredunes and occasional backdunes within the seashore. Cape Lookout National Seashore ecosystems are subjected to high frequencies of storm-, wind-, tide-, and wave-driven processes. Historic and current vegetation composition and structure are largely a result of these highly dynamic processes. Current vegetation patterns and processes across the Outer Banks are impacted and will continue to be impacted by rising sea-levels. Vegetation communities are vulnerable to overwash, which moves sand from the island?s ocean-side to the sound-side, brought on by more frequent and higher intensity storms. In 2019, Hurricane Dorian produced significant storm surge from the sound-side that overwashed the island and deposited sand into the ocean. Sand was scoured out from over 54 major cuts in the island, creating current ponds that are in various stages of succession. 2022 marked the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at Cape Lookout National Seashore. Forty-nine vegetation plots were established throughout the park in May and June. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass estimates. Data were stratified across four dominant broadly defined habitats within four park subunits: North Core Banks, South Core Banks, Cape Lookout, and Shackleford Banks. Broadly defined habitats monitored included: Open Upland Vegetation, Upland Forests and Shrublands, Nontidal Wetland Vegetation and Tidal Wetlands. One hundred and eighty-six vascular plant taxa were detected during this monitoring effort, including 11 taxa not detected in previous lists. Human-caused disturbances (e.g., historical plowing, shifting fire regimes, and altered hydrology) affecting plant communities within other SECN parks were not observed within these plots during this survey effort. Stunted plant growth was observed on several plots of Shackleford Banks and is likely caused by feral horse grazing. It is unclear from these data if grazing has impacted overall vegetation diversity and structure patterns across the island.