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Journal articles on the topic 'Historic Survey'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Egeland, Alv, and William J. Burke. "Auroral hydrogen emissions: a historic survey." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 10, no. 1 (June 5, 2019): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-10-201-2019.

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Abstract. Auroral spectroscopy provided the first tool for remotely sensing the compositions and dynamics of the high-latitude ionosphere. In 1885, Balmer discovered that the visible hydrogen spectrum consists of a series of discrete lines whose wavelengths follow a simple mathematical pattern, which ranks among the first steps toward developing this tool. On 18 October 1939 Lars Vegard discovered the Hα (656.3 nm) and Hβ (486.1 nm) spectral lines of Balmer series emissions, emanating from a diffuse structure, located equatorward of the auroral zone. Intense, first positive bands of N2+ nearly covered the Hα emissions. With more advanced instrumentation after World War II, auroral spectroscopists Vegard, Gartlein and Meinel investigated other characteristics of the auroral hydrogen emissions. The first three lines of the Balmer series, including Hγ at 410 nm, were identified in ground-based measurements prior to the space age. Based on satellite observations, the Balmer lines Hδ and Hε at 410.13 and 396.97 nm, respectively, as well as extreme ultraviolet (EUV) Lyman α (121.6 nm) hydrogen emissions, were also detected. Doppler blue shifts in hydrogen emissions, established in the 1940s, indicated that emitting particles had energies well into the kiloelectron volt range, corresponding to velocities >1000 km s−1. Systematic spatial separations between the locations of electron- and proton-generated aurorae were also established. These observations in turn, suggested that protons, ultimately of solar origin, precipitate into the topside ionosphere, where they undergo charge-exchange events with atmospheric neutrals. Newly generated hydrogen atoms were left in excited states and emitted the observed Balmer radiation. Sounding rocket data showed that most of the hydrogen radiation came from altitudes between 105 and 120 km. Space-age data from satellite-borne sensors made two significant contributions: (1) energetic particle detectors demonstrated the existence of regions in the magnetosphere, conjugate to nightside proton aurora, where conditions for breaking the first adiabatic invariants of kiloelectron volt protons prevail, allowing them to precipitate through filled loss cones. (2) EUV imagers showed that dayside hydrogen emissions appear in response to changes in solar wind dynamic pressure or the polarity of the north–south component of the interplanetary magnetic field.

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2

Freire, Luciano Ondir, and Delvonei Alves de Andrade. "Historic survey on nuclear merchant ships." Nuclear Engineering and Design 293 (November 2015): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.07.031.

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3

Price, Ludovica. "Survey of Historic Costume (6th edition)." Reference Reviews 30, no. 5 (June 20, 2016): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr-02-2016-0048.

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4

Emerick, Keith. "The survey and recording of historic monuments." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 28, no. 3 (August 1995): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.qjegh.1995.028.p3.01.

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5

Chenaux, A., M. Murphy, G. Keenaghan, J. Jenkins, E. McGovern, and S. Pavia. "Combining a Virtual Learning Tool and Onsite Study Visits of Four Conservation Sites in Europe." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 6 (December 21, 2011): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.6.21.

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The design and evaluation of virtual learning environments for construction and surveying students is presented in this paper; by combining virtual learning environment and on-site student surveys to model and replicate practice in the architectural heritage sector. The Virtual Learning Environment is enhanced with real live survey projects whereby students collect the data to build virtual historic buildings from onsite surveys using advanced survey equipment. The survey data is modelled in HBIM; Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) is currently being developed as a virtual learning tool for construction and surveying students in the Dublin Institute of Technology. HBIM, is a novel solution whereby interactive parametric objects representing architectural elements are constructed from historic data, these elements, including detail behind the scan surface are accurately mapped onto a laser or image based survey. The architectural elements are scripted using a Geometric Descriptive Language GDL. In the case of this project a Virtual Learning Environment is being developed which combines advanced recording and surveying with Building Information Modelling (BIM) to simulate and analyse existing buildings.

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Al-Houdalieh, Salah. "Survey of the Historic Core of Saffa Village." Ethnoarchaeology 2, no. 2 (September 2010): 173–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eth.2010.2.2.173.

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7

이정은. "American Historic Sites Survey and Its Management Policy." JOURNAL OF KOREAN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT STUDIES ll, no. 39 (August 2011): 323–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15799/kimos.2011..39.009.

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8

Evans, E., and B. Grosicki. "DATA-DRIVEN RIGHTSIZING: INTEGRATING PRESERVATION INTO THE LEGACY CITIES LANDSCAPE." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-2/W2 (August 16, 2017): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-2-w2-83-2017.

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Legacy cities, whose built environments are undergoing transformations due to population loss, are at a critical juncture in their urban history and the historic preservation field has an important role to play. Rapid mobile surveys provide an opportunity for data collection that expands beyond traditional historic criteria, and positions preservationists to be proactive decision-makers and to align with multi-disciplinary partners. Rapid mobile surveys are being utilized in conjunction with in-depth data analysis of comprehensive livability metrics at the parcel, neighborhood, and citywide levels to develop recommendations for reactivating vacant properties. Historic preservationists are spearheading these efforts through a tool called Relocal, which uses 70&ndash;85 distinct metrics and a community priority survey to generate parcel-level recommendations for every vacant lot and vacant building in the areas in which it is applied. Local volunteer-led rapid mobile surveys are key to gathering on-the-ground, real-time metrics that serve as Relocal’s foundation. These new survey techniques generate usable data sets for historic preservation practitioners, land banks, planners, and other entities to inform strategic rightsizing decisions across legacy cities.

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9

Chahardowli, Mehrdad, Hassan Sajadzadeh, Farshid Aram, and Amir Mosavi. "Survey of Sustainable Regeneration of Historic and Cultural Cores of Cities." Energies 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2020): 2708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112708.

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The united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization (UNESCO) considers the historic urban landscapes as the world heritages. Managing historic city centers and maintaining historic cores are the emerging challenges for sustainable urban planning. Today, the historic cores form an important part of the economic, social, environmental, and physical assets and capacities of contemporary cities, and play a strategic role in their development. One of the most important approaches to the development of central textures, especially in historical and cultural cities, is the sustainable urban regeneration approach, which encompasses all aspects of sustainability, such as the economic, social, cultural and environmental aspects. To maintain sustainability and regeneration of historic cores of cities, it is necessary to provide insight into the underlying characteristics of the local urbanization. Furthermore, the fundamental assets are to be investigated as indicators of sustainable regeneration and drivers of urban development. In the meantime, a variety of research and experience has taken place around the world, all of which has provided different criteria and indicators for the development of strategies for the historic cores of cities. The present study, through a meta-analytic and survey method, analyzing the experience and research reported in 139 theoretical and empirical papers in the last twenty years, seeks to provide a comprehensive conceptual model taking into account the criteria and indices of sustainable regeneration in historic cores of cities. The quality of the survey has been ensured using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA).

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10

Johnson, Jerah, Jessie Poesch, and Barbara SoRelle Bacot. "Louisiana Buildings, 1720-1940: The Historic American Buildings Survey." Journal of Southern History 65, no. 1 (February 1999): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2587738.

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11

Možir, Alenka, Irena Kralj Cigić, Marjan Marinšek, and Matija Strlič. "Material properties of historic parchment: A reference collection survey." Studies in Conservation 59, no. 3 (January 25, 2014): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2047058413y.0000000100.

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12

Byrne, Elizabeth Douthitt. "CALIFORNIA ARCHITECTURE: HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY. Sally B. Woodbridge." Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America 8, no. 2 (July 1989): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/adx.8.2.27948069.

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13

Claret, A. M., and A. T. Andrade. "Fire Load Survey of Historic Buildings: A Case Study." Journal of Fire Protection Engineering 17, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1042391506064912.

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14

Lounsbury, Carl, Jessie Poesch, and Barbara SoRelle Bacot. "Louisiana Buildings, 1720-1940: The Historic American Building Survey." Journal of American History 85, no. 3 (December 1998): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2567250.

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15

Lubar, Steven. "The Historic American Building Survey / Historic American Engineering Record / America's Industrial Heritage Project: Some Recent Publications." Public Historian 13, no. 3 (1991): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3378558.

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16

Predari, G., C. Bartolomei, C. Morganti, G. Mochi, and R. Gulli. "EXPEDITIOUS METHODS OF URBAN SURVEY FOR SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W17 (November 29, 2019): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w17-271-2019.

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Abstract. The aim of the proposal is to illustrate how expeditious procedures of urban survey carried out through photomodeling can be the most suitable representation tool in combination with an expeditious procedure for assessing the seismic vulnerability of the historic building heritage in Italian city centres. For some years, in fact, the research group is developing a protocol for the rapid assessment of the seismic vulnerability of masonry aggregate buildings in Italian historic centres.The protocol is based on the determination of synthetic indicators providing a preventive quantification of the possible earthquake damage. This evaluation procedure is oriented to prevent and reduce the current vulnerability, aiming at the conservation and preservation of the historic building heritage. The synthetic indicators are defined by identifying expeditious evaluation procedures based on the typical evolutionary processes suffered by each aggregate in its planimetric and height development, on the construction techniques and on the design concepts used in the local area; these aspects are directly correlated to failure modes.The application of the entire process (starting from the rapid survey phases up to the final restitution of the seismic vulnerability assessment results) is illustrated for the historic centre of Imola. The ancient nucleus of this city constitutes an excellent example, as it is clearly representative of the Emilian historical architecture both for the processes of formation and transformation of the inhabited area, both for what concerns the constructive characterization deriving from the local building traditions.

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17

Dong, Zhen Ping, Cong Xia Hou, Xi Guang Liu, and Qing Lin Wang. "Durability Research on Masonry Structures of Historical Buildings in Xi’an Beilin Museum." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 2428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2428.

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By the Xi'an Beilin Museum of Historic Buildings Survey durability of brick masonry and brick surface material X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the durability of historic buildings degradation of common brick, Environmental conditions and construction materials with different degree of degradation is a clear significant difference. According to the survey results, analysis of the durability of brick masonry deterioration of historic buildings causes and influencing factors, such as the future durability of brick masonry buildings to provide a reliable basis for restoration.

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18

Řehák, Jakub, Eva Burgetová, Josef Řehák, and Stanislav Řehák. "RECONSTRUCTION OF THE MONASTERY NEXT TO THE PRAGUE CASTLE." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 21 (March 21, 2019): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2019.21.0033.

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The paper deals with a rehabilitation of the historic building of Carmel Monastery next to the Prague Castle. A structural survey of building was carried out and the historical drainage and ventilation system was identified. Based on structural survey in-situ the reasons of failures were analyzed and remedial works of historic monastery were proposed.

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19

Jordan, Pamela. "Historic Approaches to Sonic Encounter at the Berlin Wall Memorial." Acoustics 1, no. 3 (July 16, 2019): 517–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics1030029.

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Investigations of historic soundscapes must analyze and place results within a complex framework of contemporary and past contexts. However, the conscious use and presentation of historic built environments are factors that require more deliberate attention in historic soundscape analysis. The following paper presents a multimodal research methodology and promising preliminary results from a study at the Berlin Wall Memorial in Berlin, Germany. Here, the historic context from the Wall’s recent past is presented within the surroundings of the contemporary unified capital city. The study approached the past soundscape and present site by combining historic and current-conditions research, linking archival research, conditions assessments via binaural recording and psychoacoustics analysis tools, and soundscape surveys rooted in standardized soundscape research practices. In so doing, archival textual and pictorial sources provided a rich source of primary information integrated within the study and are suggested as a resource for similar inquiries elsewhere. The investigation identified concerns specific to heritage sites that require critical consideration for historic soundscape research of the recent past—survey-participant composition and the problematized use of typical descriptors in soundscape surveys are the two concerns that are discussed. Some standardized soundscape terminology and research methodologies were found to be insufficient in historic contexts. Initial qualitative results from the research are presented as a proof of concept for the research approach with signposts for future analysis and developments.

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20

Birlik, Süheyla. "Design within the Historic Environment: A Survey on Admiration Preferences." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 106 (December 2013): 807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.092.

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21

Smith, Samuel D. "Site survey as a method for determining historic site significance." Historical Archaeology 24, no. 2 (June 1990): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03374127.

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22

Tart, Matthew, Iain Brodie, Nicholas Gleed, and James Matthews. "Historic cell site analysis – Overview of principles and survey methodologies." Digital Investigation 8, no. 3-4 (February 2012): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diin.2011.10.002.

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23

Dore, C., M. Murphy, S. McCarthy, F. Brechin, C. Casidy, and E. Dirix. "Structural Simulations and Conservation Analysis -Historic Building Information Model (HBIM)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W4 (February 19, 2015): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-w4-351-2015.

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In this paper the current findings to date of the Historic Building Information Model (HBIM) of the Four Courts in Dublin are presented. The Historic Building Information Model (HBIM) forms the basis for both structural and conservation analysis to measure the impact of war damage which still impacts on the building. The laser scan survey was carried out in the summer of 2014 of the internal and external structure. After registration and processing of the laser scan survey, the HBIM was created of the damaged section of the building and is presented as two separate workflows in this paper. The first is the model created from historic data, the second a procedural and segmented model developed from laser scan survey of the war damaged drum and dome. From both models structural damage and decay simulations will be developed for documentation and conservation analysis.

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24

Vitali, M., and E. C. Giovannini. "PORTA PALATINA HISTORIC SURVEY DRAWINGS: DIGITAL REPLICAS AND COMPARISON WITH UPDATED DIGITAL ACQUISITION." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-1-2021 (August 28, 2021): 785–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-1-2021-785-2021.

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Abstract. The proposed research aims at a comparison of the main historical surveys conducted on the Porta Palatina by different authors, with the data of a current digital survey. Through a work of redrawing and superimposition of information deducted from historical drawings, the analysis will highlight the consistency, discrepancies and inconsistencies of these drawings compared to the current state of the artefact. Therefore, the instrumental survey, necessary for the subsequent stages of graphical analysis, was carried out using photogrammetric techniques and Metashape software.The drawings taken into consideration for this work are those by Sangallo (1494–1497 ca.), by Palladio (1566 ca.), by Promis (1869) and by D'Andrade (1883): they constitute a very interesting documentary heritage, although heterogeneous, in which qualitative drawings (Sangallo), scaled drawings (D'Andrade), measured drawings (in vicentine’s feet for Palladio, in meters for Promis) alternate.

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Saisi, Antonella, and Carmelo Gentile. "Investigation Strategy for Structural Assessment of Historic Towers." Infrastructures 5, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5120106.

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Historical masonry towers are relevant architectural heritage often in a strategic position within city centres. Their height and position require specific controls in order to define the state of preservation. The paper describes the investigation procedures developed by the authors in selected case studies. According to the timing and to the complexity of the structure, the approach requires preliminary visual inspections, geometric, crack pattern survey supplemented by historical research and stratigraphic survey. Operational modal testing evaluates the overall structural behaviour, indicating eventual local (or global) problems to study in depth by monitoring or further local tests. Emergency operations, such as controls after earthquakes, could require prompt procedures. In this case, the combination of visual inspection, geometric and damage survey with dynamic testing is a reliable procedure for structural assessment. Additional investigation increases the knowledge of local problems or gives information for further activity such as structural modelling. For instance, relevant data are the evaluation of the masonry quality or the control of the local state of stress to estimate through non-destructive or minor destructive testing in selected positions. Nevertheless, such activities require accurate projects of the investigation too, planning and localising several tests in order to solve the problems detected in the preliminary steps of the diagnosis process.

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26

Keys, Kevin, Shannon M. Sterling, and Yue Guan. "Using historic soil survey data to map water erosion hazard for land-use planning in Nova Scotia." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 95, no. 3 (August 2015): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss-2014-113.

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Keys, K., Sterling, S. M. and Guan, Y. 2015. Using historic soil survey data to map water erosion hazard for land-use planning in Nova Scotia. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 299–304. A fine-scale digital soil map layer for Nova Scotia was combined with historic soil survey information and digital elevation (DEM) data to generate a new water erosion hazard map based on inherent soil erodibility and slope class. Results showed approximately 62% of Nova Scotia has low erosion hazard, 33% has moderate hazard, and 5% has high hazard. The erosion hazard map was subsequently used in a provincial watershed assessment program (NSWAP) to map potential water quality stressors related to land-use patterns on erodible soils. This work is an example of how historic soil survey data can be utilized to create new information for land-use planning and environmental assessment.

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27

Merlo, Stefania, Susanne Hakenbeck, and Andrea Luca Balbo. "Desert Migrations Project XVIII: The archaeology of the northern Fazzan. A preliminary report." Libyan Studies 44 (2013): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900009730.

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AbstractThe first reconnaissance survey of the Wadi ash-Shati, the northernmost line of the oases of the Fazzan, was carried out in 2007 and 2008. This survey aimed to locate archaeological sites of the Garamantian and historic periods in a region that, despite being on record as the most populated of the Fazzan in the historic period, was never previously systematically surveyed. Following the field survey, further examination of high-resolution satellite imagery was carried out. This allowed for the discovery of more sites and the detailed tracing of a number of cemeteries that were only partially surveyed during fieldwork. The report presents the first cross-chronological map of the Wadi ash-Shati and some interpretations of the history of occupation of the area. The future investigation of specific sites, a structured dating programme and further, more detailed, study of historic sources will provide a fuller understanding of this region.

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Matero, Frank G., and Judy Peters. "Survey Methodology for the Preservation of Historic Burial Grounds and Cemeteries." APT Bulletin 34, no. 2/3 (2003): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1504821.

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29

McCulloch, A., P. Ashford, and P. M. Midgley. "Historic emissions of fluorotrichloromethane (CFC-11) based on a market survey." Atmospheric Environment 35, no. 26 (September 2001): 4387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00249-7.

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30

Shipley, Robert, and Karen Reyburn. "Lost Heritage: a survey of historic building demolitions in Ontario, Canada." International Journal of Heritage Studies 9, no. 2 (January 2003): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1352725032000085278.

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31

PINES, R. "Wiener Staatsoper Live A Survey of the Historic Koch Schwann Series." Opera Quarterly 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oq/14.1.45.

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32

Petersen, A. D. "Preliminary Report on an Architectural Survey of Historic Buildings in Ramla." Levant 27, no. 1 (January 1995): 75–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/lev.1995.27.1.75.

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33

Wolford, John B., and Peter Nabokov. "Architecture of Acoma Pueblo: The 1934 Historic American Buildings Survey Project." Journal of American Folklore 101, no. 399 (January 1988): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/540261.

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34

Rohdin, Patrik, Mariusz Dalewski, and Bahram Moshfegh. "Combining a survey approach and energy and indoor environment auditing in historic buildings." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 14, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 182–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-06-2013-0042.

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Purpose – This paper presents an approach where a survey study is combined with energy and indoor environment auditing in the built environment. The combination of methods presented in this paper is one way to obtain a wider perspective on the indoor environment and energy use and also let the people in the building voice their comments on the indoor environment. This is arguably even more important in historic buildings where many of the physical properties are to a higher degree unknown when compared with conventional buildings. The purpose of the paper is to report the experiences from this research project. Design/methodology/approach – A combination of energy and indoor environment auditing and standardized occupant surveys. Findings – The main findings in the paper are related to the good agreement between results from standardized occupant surveys and physical measurements. The possibility to triangulate problems related to poor indoor conditions was shown to be one main advantage of the combined methodology presented in the paper. A standardized survey approach also allows benchmarking, in this case with two groups representing “average” buildings as well as a group representing well-functioning buildings. The use of records from building key cards was also shown to be an effective way of keeping track of activity in the building and thereby distribute internal gains. In addition, the paper reports a linear correlation between activity level and electricity use. Originality/value – The paper shows an effective way to investigate the performance, in terms of energy use as well as indoor environment, of historic buildings in use. This type of approach could benefit property owners, as it both allows benchmarking as well as investigating individual properties before, e.g., a refurbishment.

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Miller, Ann B. "Survey and Determination of Historic Significance of Nonarched Concrete Bridges in Virginia Constructed Prior to 1950." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1601, no. 1 (January 1997): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1601-01.

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Bridges are a cultural resource that must be considered for historic significance under the Historic Preservation Act of 1966. The Virginia Transportation Research Council conducted pioneering studies of Virginia’s early metal truss bridges and concrete and masonry arch bridges during the 1970s and 1980s. However, no comprehensive evaluation of nonarched concrete bridges in Virginia had been undertaken, and it had become standard practice to evaluate these bridges on a case-by-case basis as projects arose that might affect them. Most of these studies were done by outside consultants, a time-consuming and expensive method. The Virginia Transportation Research Council’s Survey of Non-Arched Historic Concrete Bridges in Virginia Constructed Prior to 1950 has rectified the lack of information and analysis of these bridges (1950 was chosen as a cutoff date because structures generally must be at least 50 years old to be considered historically significant under National Register criteria). A field survey and data tabulation were completed, and criteria for the evaluation of historic significance were developed and applied to the results of the survey and analysis. Of 1,420 nonarched concrete bridges built before 1950, fewer than a dozen were found to be individually eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. The project identified Virginia’s few significant bridges of this type for appropriate management, and cleared more than 1,400 bridges, the great majority of Virginia’s nonarched concrete bridges, for maintenance and upgrade as needed. It is estimated that this project has already saved the Virginia Department of Transportation $500,000 and eliminated a typical 3- to 4-month delay for each project. Projected savings arising from this project are estimated at approximately $2.5 million over the next 10 years.

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36

Hodor, Katarzyna, Łukasz Przybylak, Jacek Kuśmierski, and Magdalena Wilkosz-Mamcarczyk. "Identification and Analysis of Problems in Selected European Historic Gardens during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 1332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031332.

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The paper is based on a survey and investigates the functioning of historic gardens during the pandemic. The authors collected and analysed information on the impact of the pandemic on the behaviour of visitors, maintenance, and condition of cultural heritage assets, European historic gardens. Four aspects were considered particularly carefully: the situation of gardens during the COVID-19 pandemic, maintenance and care in gardens, virtual activity and communication, and financial consequences. The authors determined the conditions of the gardens and the problems they faced based on a survey completed by 23 managers of 31 historic gardens from June to August 2020 and then proposed a diagnosis. The paper presents the survey results. In general, visitor volumes tended to drop in 2020, which significantly affected gardens’ financial standing and contributed to workforce reductions. The garden condition and treatments were affected, as well. Reduced visitor volumes resulted in positive environmental changes. Among them were ecological succession, the stability of landscaped plants, increase in vegetation, improved biodiversity in the ground cover, and enhanced animal presence. Additional safety measures were implemented after the gardens were reopened to the public during the pandemic, mostly social distancing, and obligatory face masks. Less than half of the gardens had contingency plans, and 25% of the respondents were working to develop one. The analyses provided foundations to start working on a universal emergency strategy similar to procedures used for years for permanent collections at museums. Note that, being open public spaces and live museums, historic gardens were the first places reopened after the lockdown. Recommendations based on the study can contribute to the future safe functioning of historic gardens in other similar crises. The guidelines offer instructions, advice, and recommendations that form foundations of the development of a universal management model facilitating the preservation of historic gardens in good condition while exploiting their ecological potential.

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Garcia, Gabriela, Aziliz Vandesande, and Koenraad van Balen. "Place attachment and challenges of historic cities." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 8, no. 3 (August 20, 2018): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-08-2017-0054.

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Purpose The effect of heritage on place attachment is assessed by understanding how people “value” their heritage environment. In addition, the purpose of this paper is to assess the effects of place attachment on residential and investment trends according to two different social groups: local inhabitants and foreign immigrants. Design/methodology/approach A single case study design for Santa Ana de los Ríos de Cuenca including an open-ended survey, combined with Likert-scale analysis. The survey protocol and questions for the respondent groups were structured according to place identity, place dependency and sense of place. Findings The analysis bridges the gap between theory and practice and demonstrates interesting similarities as well as differences between both foreign and local respondent groups in terms of the attributes they consider as cultural heritage and their preferences in terms of residential or investment location choice. The research demonstrates that an increased understanding of place attachment as the link between place dependency and sense of place in a specific location can assist in defining effective built heritage policies in favour of local sustainability. Originality/value The analysis of place attachment in relation to the origin of respondents revealed different perceptions on the role that a heritage environment might play on attracting or influencing displacement of local inhabitants and foreign immigrants. Based on original empirical data collection in Cuenca, Ecuador, this study identified research lines and actions which should be prioritised for improving management of this World Heritage Site.

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NIYATI JIGYASU. "Regenerating Historic Urban Areas Through Sustainable Livelihoods - Problematizing Economy Within Historic Urban Areas." Creative Space 4, no. 1 (July 4, 2016): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2016.41003.

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In the historic core of Ahmedabad, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) reported major encroachments, leading to destruction of the tomb of Darya Khan [5]. The encroachments were undertaken by the local community for residential purposes and by the informal sector for commercial purpose, for which the local administration as well as the community were blamed. Urban conservation, as the example indicates, is not limited to the preservation of buildings. It considers architecture of the built heritage as one of the elements of the overall urban setting that includes living expressions such as oral traditions, performing arts, social practices, rituals, festivals, and traditional skills implicitly embedded in the community. Heritage is, thus not only a legacy to be preserved for future generations, but also something for and abou,t the existing communities. This paper is based on the premise that today, the sustainability of historic areas rests on dueconsideration being given to the role of the communities and improvement of their quality of life through economic augmentation. There is a major shift in focus on the economic value of cultural heritage. But, merely considering the economic value of a historic site and its revenue options will not lead to a comprehensive solution for urban conservation. The aim of this paper is to understand the signiicance of traditional economy in historic urban areas, the current processes of transformation in this sector, and also its potential contribution for managing urban heritage and aiming towards larger goal of sustainability.

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Maskey, Vishakha, Cheryl Brown, Alan R. Collins, and Hala F. Nassar. "What Is Historic Integrity Worth to the General Public? Evidence from a Proposed Relocation of a West Virginia Agricultural Mill." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 36, no. 1 (April 2007): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500009436.

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While historians believe that preserving a historic building in its original location is important to maintain its historic integrity, the general public's opinion is unknown. Survey data were gathered from local residents regarding a proposed relocation of a historic mill in rural West Virginia. Only a minority of the sample population supported preserving the mill at its original location. Willingness to pay for preservation was estimated at $8.45 for a one-time donation for the sample and $2.29 after adjusting for non-respondents using characteristics of the local population.

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De Fino, Mariella, Albina Scioti, Rocco Rubino, and Fabio Fatiguso. "Assessment of historic buildings by radar techniques." Structural Survey 34, no. 1 (April 11, 2016): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ss-07-2015-0035.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss methodological guidelines and operation protocols for the assessment of historic buildings by radar techniques, as decision-making support within integrated investigation programs, where documentary records, direct survey and onsite measurements address accurate and effective diagnosis. Design/methodology/approach – Radar methodologies and procedures are planned to support the pre-diagnosis hypotheses, based on preliminary information from historical sources, as well as from direct survey of geometry, materials, construction techniques and decay patterns. Thus, they are applied, in terms of acquisition and elaboration systems, taking into account the testing targets and surrounding conditions. Finally, they are correlated with complementary destructive and non-destructive techniques for data interpretation and validation. Findings – The general approach is developed for some representative case studies, in order to point out the potentialities of radar techniques for traditional building components. In detail, masonry walls and vaults, as well as iron and reinforced concrete slabs are assessed, in terms of construction materials and techniques, morphology and stratigraphy of multi-layered components, inner voids and inclusions, previous reinforcement works. Originality/value – The above-mentioned issues are particularly relevant in the assessment of historic buildings, where onsite non-destructive technologies are commonly applied, because they help identify the actual characteristics, residual performances and state of conservation, without interfering with structural stability and functional operability, and, thus, address low-intrusive and compatible interventions. Nevertheless, emerging technologies, such as radar scanning, still require guidelines and protocols, in order to achieve reliable and meaningful results and save time and resources, especially whenever technical data are limited, investigation conditions are challenging and different construction solutions are involved.

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ISHIKAWA, Shinji, Takehiro SAKAGUCHI, Masahiro ONUMA, Noriaki NOMURA, Kazuya SAKURAI, and Kuniaki ITO. "A SURVEY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FOR HISTORIC PRESERVATION DISTRICT IN NAKACHO, HIROSAKI." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 8, no. 16 (2002): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.8.253_2.

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Burgetová, Eva, and Kristýna Michalová. "A Survey of Historic Galleries in the Area of the Prague Castle." Advanced Materials Research 1122 (August 2015): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1122.61.

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The paper deals with the historical and structural survey of house “At the Three Axis” and drainage and ventilation systems discovered in the Prague Castle area. Failures and deterioration processes of these historical structures are described. The important achievements of in-situ inspection and laboratory analysis are presented, interventions and maintenance of systems proposed.

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WATANABE, Atsushi, and Atsuyuki OKAZAKI. "A SUGGESTION OF BASIC ENTIRE SURVEY ON HISTORIC DISTRICT IN WIDER AREA." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 22, no. 50 (2016): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.22.313.

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高, 喜平. "Historic Survey and Actual Inspiration of Keeping the Purity of the Party." Advances in Social Sciences 05, no. 02 (2016): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ass.2016.52031.

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Löwdin, Per-Olov. "Twenty-five years of Sanibel symposia: A brief historic and scientific survey." International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 28, S19 (June 19, 2009): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560280805.

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Shearman, John, Ali Abbas, Ayman Hamid, and Nevin Ali. "A Survey of Contractors Permitted to Excavate on Historic Sites in Egypt." Journal of Petroleum and Mining Engineering 22, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpme.2020.47899.1055.

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Melstrom, Richard T. "Valuing a historic site with multiple visitor types and missing survey data." Journal of Cultural Heritage 16, no. 1 (January 2015): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2014.03.005.

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Panizza, Mario, and Sandra Piacente. "The contribution of geoscience to the EC survey on European historic cities." Engineering Geology 29, no. 4 (December 1990): 399–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(90)90074-b.

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Beasley, Joy, and Tom Gwaltney. "New Philadelphia Pedestrian Survey: Phase I Investigations at an Historic Town Site." Historical Archaeology 44, no. 1 (March 2010): 20–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03376780.

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Hill, Evelyn. "A Botanical Survey in Grand Teton National Park: Plants Used by Native Americans." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 29 (January 1, 2005): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2005.3597.

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For the first time, in Grand Teton National Park (GTNP) an ethnobotanical plant collection, archaeological and historic site reports, and the literature of early plant usage have been integrated into one document.

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