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1
Menéndez, Francisco Gimeno. "Language Change and Languages in Contact." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 29, no. 10 (October 2024): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-2910023549.
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The hypothesis of the history of linguistics as a succession of paradigms was more appropriate to linguistic facts and to the continuity of history itself than to a substitution of models. One of the most assiduously maintained principles in historical linguistics was the theory of the regularity of linguistic change. However, both the history of languages in contact and linguistic change were part of acculturation, based on social and cultural diffusion, which implied the intrinsic relationship between linguistics, sociology and anthropology. It was not, therefore, a mere linguistic issue, but also a social and cultural one. In this sense, we had to differentiate two interpretations: 1) an autonomous version of the assumption of phonological regularity, and 2) a grammatical version of linguistic change. Within the anthropological history of Hispanic romances there was a linguistic and cultural continuity, based on the successive and diverse historical acculturations (Indo-European, Iberian, Phoenician-Greek, Roman, Christian, Germanic, Visigothic, Byzantine, Islamic, Castilian, Catalan-Aragonese, Hispanic and Anglo-Saxon), with the linguistic and cultural transfers that implied the social and cultural mixing of these groups, and the adaptation to a new sociocultural context. During the second half of the last century, great contributions to historical linguistics were accumulated, which were far from being recognized by historians of the language
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Menéndez, Francisco Gimeno. "Language Change And Languages In Contact." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 29, no. 10 (October 2024): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-2910033751.
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The hypothesis of the history of linguistics as a succession of paradigms was more appropriate to linguistic facts and to the continuity of history itself than to a substitution of models. One of the most assiduously maintained principles in historical linguistics was the theory of the regularity of linguistic change. However, both the history of languages in contact and linguistic change were part of acculturation, based on social and cultural diffusion, which implied the intrinsic relationship between linguistics, sociology and anthropology. It was not, therefore, a mere linguistic issue, but also a social and cultural one. In this sense, we had to differentiate two interpretations: 1) an autonomous version of the assumption of phonological regularity, and 2) a grammatical version of linguistic change. Within the anthropological history of Hispanic romances there was a linguistic and cultural continuity, based on the successive and diverse historical acculturations (Indo-European, Iberian, Phoenician-Greek, Roman, Christian, Germanic, Visigothic, Byzantine, Islamic, Castilian, Catalan-Aragonese, Hispanic and AngloSaxon), with the linguistic and cultural transfers that implied the social and cultural mixing of these groups, and the adaptation to a new sociocultural context. During the second half of the last century, great contributions to historical linguistics were accumulated, which were far from being recognized by historians of the language.
3
o'g'li, Xoldarov Saidbek Rahmadjon. "AL-BIRUNI'S ANTHROPOLOGICAL VIEWS (HISTORICAL ANALYSIS)." American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research 4, no. 12 (December 1, 2024): 235–41. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/volume04issue12-19.
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Al-Biruni (973–1048), one of the most prominent intellectual figures of the medieval Islamic world, made significant contributions to various fields, including anthropology. His works reflect a profound understanding of human societies, their diversity, and their interrelation with nature and culture. This article explores Al-Biruni's anthropological views, highlighting his comparative approach to cultures, his emphasis on empirical observation, and his contributions to the study of human behavior, language, and social organization.
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Voelz, Johannes. "Histories of the Unsayable: Reinhart Koselleck’s Aesthetic Anthropology." American Literary History 34, no. 4 (November 18, 2022): 1456–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajac155.
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Abstract This essay reviews Sediments of Time: On Possible Histories (2019), a collection of essays by the German historian and theorist of history Reinhart Koselleck (1923–2006), edited by Sean Franzel and Stefan-Ludwig Hoffmann. Written during the last three decades of Koselleck’s life and drawn from three German-language books of essays that came out in the new millennium, Sediments of Time introduces English-language readers to Koselleck’s historical anthropology—a central dimension of his oeuvre so far largely unavailable in translation. This essay argues that Koselleck’s historical anthropology is always also an aesthetic anthropology, which helps explain Koselleck’s recurring engagement with literary writers such as Shakespeare, Kleist, and Melville. At the core of Koselleck’s work lies an argument about the mutual interdependence of history and fiction. Herein resides Koselleck’s provocation for literary studies: if, for the historian, fiction provides insights into historical experience in condensed form, the reverse of this claim may engage literary scholars; for them, Koselleck suggests, the extraliterary, extralinguistic realm of historical experience is of crucial importance as a necessary condition for fiction.Koselleck’s plea to our field, committed to historicism as it is, is to return to the aesthetic in order to dive more deeply, more fundamentally into the historical.
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Godlewski, Grzegorz. "Anthropology of the Word." Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ajec.2015.240102.
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Anthropology of the word is an approach that originated in Poland, at the University of Warsaw, in the early 1990s. It emerged from philological study of language and literature, by widening and strengthening their cultural dimensions. Gradually, this approach grew closer to linguistic anthropology but retained its specificity, which consists essentially in considering linguistic practices as cultural practices, including language-mediated practices in which the verbal line is only one thread; studying historical forms of linguistic practices; recognising verbal art (including literature) as a set of peculiar linguistic practices and making it a subject of anthropological study; including linguistic practices other than oral and written ones; identifying various cognitive aspects of the textual bias in order to eliminate its distorting effect on the study of linguistic practices.
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Sumara, Dennis J. "Creating Commonplaces for Interpretation: Literary Anthropology and Literacy Education Research." Journal of Literacy Research 34, no. 2 (June 2002): 237–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15548430jlr3402_6.
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This article uses Iser's (1989, 1993) concept of “literary anthropology” to inform methods for textual interpretation that explicitly aim to create relationships among experiences of history, memory, language, and geography. This article presents an interpretive text, which functions as the report of the author's personal engagements with literary fiction and with philosophical, theoretical, and historical writings. In addition, the article provides a theoretical and historical overview of literary anthropology as a research method, with particular attention to how this method is influenced by the hermeneutic philosophic traditions. The article concludes with a discussion of what literary anthropological methods might contribute to literacy education and literacy education research.
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Raskladkina, Marina K. "Alaskan Russian: Cultural and Historical Trace of the Russian Expansion in North America." Humanitarian Vector 19, no. 2 (June 2024): 176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2024-19-2-176-187.
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The article analyzes approaches to creating a chronology of Russia’s exploration of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, highlights historical periods relevant for the main purpose of our research. The goal is to describe the Russian language as a dynamic and integral part of a unique culture formed in the Creole communities, uniting the paternal culture of Russian colonists and the maternal cultures of the indigenous population. This culture lies in the center of social interactions and makes its core. The issue is topical for the present study, since it contributes to our understanding of the phenomena of the interaction of cultures. The Russian period of Alaska is recognized by researchers, both domestic and international, as an important and special epoch in the life of the American state, an epoch which to a great extent determined its history. Alaskan Russian was an intermediary language for the people from the continent and the native speakers of indigenous languages. It was used in communication until the middle of the 20th century. At the moment, the Alaskan Russian language exists as a cultural artifact: to a certain extent, it is known by a few descendants of Creoles of very advanced age. The purpose of this study is to create a historical context of the formation of the Alaskan Russian language and to describe conditions for its uprise and preservation on the territory of Russian America. We show that the existence of permanent functional settlements in which Russian language was spoken – in the family, in the community, and for trade and professional contacts – determined consolidation of the Russian language, in a number of places in Alaska up to the middle of the XX century. The data presented in the article confirm that the Orthodox tradition and the Russian language that have survived to this day are the main features of Russia’s long-term cultural influence in Alaska. The study used both universal scientific methods and special methods of historical research determined by the specifics of the problem, namely: the problem-chronological method, the method of comparative analysis, the systematic method. Exploring the influence of language on social life, the author adheres to the methods of linguistic anthropology and historical anthropology
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Carvalho, Fernando O. de. "The historical phonology of Paunaka (Arawakan)." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 13, no. 2 (August 2018): 405–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981.81222018000200008.
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Abstract This paper applies the comparative method to unravel the historical development of the segmental phonology of Paunaka, an Arawakan language of Bolivia. Although the Paunaka vowel system features a single back rounded vowel, it is rather simple to show that it derives from a system with two back rounded qualities *u and *o, but that the former segment shifted to a high central unrounded vowel ɨ. The language has lost *r unconditionally, implying that Paunaka items with r are probable loanwords. Paunaka underewent a spirantization of *ts, thus merging this affricate with the fricative *s. Although Paunaka shares a coronalization of *k > s with Proto-Mojeño, most of the phonological developments that affected Paunaka are either recurrent in the Arawakan language family or only superficially similar to developments in related languages, and thus provide little weight as evidence for subgrouping. An Appendix is also included, with 105 etymologies matching Paunaka lexical and grammatical morphemes with their cognates in Proto-Mojeño, the two extant Mojeño dialects (Ignaciano and Trinitario) and Terena.
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Gray, Russell D., Quentin D. Atkinson, and Simon J. Greenhill. "Language evolution and human history: what a difference a date makes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1567 (April 12, 2011): 1090–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0378.
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Historical inference is at its most powerful when independent lines of evidence can be integrated into a coherent account. Dating linguistic and cultural lineages can potentially play a vital role in the integration of evidence from linguistics, anthropology, archaeology and genetics. Unfortunately, although the comparative method in historical linguistics can provide a relative chronology, it cannot provide absolute date estimates and an alternative approach, called glottochronology, is fundamentally flawed. In this paper we outline how computational phylogenetic methods can reliably estimate language divergence dates and thus help resolve long-standing debates about human prehistory ranging from the origin of the Indo-European language family to the peopling of the Pacific.
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Linno, Saara Lotta, and Liina Lukas. "Multilingualism in Estonian Poetry." Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 90 (December 2023): 81–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf2023.90.linno_lukas.
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Apart from Estonian, some other languages – from local dialects to major languages such as German and Russian – have usually also been spoken on the territory of Estonia. As a result, the literary culture of the local (small) language evolved in close contact with some foreign literatures and cultures. However, there is still no thorough analysis of how the historical change in the linguistic situation manifests itself in Estonian literature. Our article aims to draw attention to the multilingual nature of the Estonian literary field by giving a historical survey of the relations, contacts, and intertwining of the languages used in Estonian poetry from the 17th century to the present. To reflect the multiple facets of multilingualism revealed in poetry we mainly use a four-level approach partly based on Jaan Undusk’s typology of Estonian–German cultural contacts, adding the literary field as the level covering whatever is left. Thus, we treat multilingualism as a phenomenon observable within a language, text, author, and literary field. In terms of this study, intralinguistic multilingualism means language mixing in otherwise monolingual poetry, while intratextual multilingualism refers to abrupt transitions from one language to another (code-switching) within a text, and author multilingualism assumes a multilingual poet. Apart from the phenomena just mentioned, multilingualism within literature covers literary subfields in different language variants (for example literature created in South Estonian or Russian, but on Estonian territory). First, we will survey multilingualism in Estonia poetry before the Republic of Estonian was established in 1918, concluding that because German was the major cultural language up to the beginning of the 20th century, all poets, whatever their ethnicity, must have been fluent in two (or more) languages. The second period analysed spans the 20th century. The local Estonian poetry of the Soviet period stands out, with a few exceptions, for consistent use of Estonian, while some expatriate poets would also use English or Swedish. Third, we analyse contemporary poetry, where multilingualism is manifested not only by the use of local minority languages but also through intertwinings with English, Chinese or Japanese, thus giving evidence of an open society. Based on the picture emerging from the article we can say that apart from a historical overview, the multilingualism of Estonian poetry also needs closer poetic analysis.
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Melem Hajdarović, Mihela. "The relationship of language and spatial identity in historical geography research: a review of (multi)disciplinary approaches." Hrvatski geografski glasnik/Croatian Geographical Bulletin 83, no. 1 (2021): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21861/hgg.2021.83.01.03.
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Language use and spatial identity research are topics of interest in linguistics, geography, anthropology, ethnology, sociology, psychology, and philosophy. Accordingly, there are numerous related terms that originated in one discipline but are also used in other disciplines, making them multi-disciplinary. Research on terminology in the field of language use has shown great diversity (linguistic geography, areal or spatial linguistics, linguistic geography, the geography of language, geolinguistics). The paper analyzes and defines the aforementioned concepts, their connection with individual disciplines, and discusses individual terminological shortcomings. The aim of this paper is to review the field of research regarding the use of language and spatial identity in a broader sense, and especially the position of and approaches to research within historical geography. The paper analyzes a sample of 124 articles (published mainly in Croatian and English) according to author(s), research objective, methodology, and period of publication. Based on this, three characteristic periods during which research developed and changed have been distinguished.
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Jacquesson, François, and Seino van Breugel. "The linguistic reconstruction of the past." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 40, no. 1 (November 3, 2017): 90–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.40.1.04van.
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Abstract I will first describe (1) the linguistic situation in modern-day Assam (Northeast India) and the historical hypotheses that might explain it. These hypotheses are subjected to criticism. Next, I will analyse (2) in detail, the phonological concordances in the Tibeto-Burman languages and dialects of Central Assam that form the Boro-Garo group. I will present detailed criteria – the most detailed of all will concern the diphthongs – with examples, which will enable us to classify the languages. Using these criteria will also allow us to take advantage of certain ancient sources of information on dialects which are, in some cases, extinct. The study (3) of other Tibeto-Burman languages will consolidate our criteria and specify their historical development. Finally (4), I will propose a historical reconstruction of linguistic layers, after which (5) I will emphasise the importance of the distinction, central to our discussion, between language change and ethnic change (where cultural and physical anthropology follow distinct paths) before proposing a basis for a more general investigation of the Boro-Garo languages. Northeastern India is home to a great number of languages, mainly from the Tibeto-Burman, Mon-Khmer, Tai and Indo-Aryan groups. This paper first summarises the current historical interpretations of this plethora, and concentrates on the Tibeto-Burman languages spoken in the lowlands, sc. the Boro-Garo subgroup. A phonological comparative assessment of the data provides a classification with definite criteria, and suggests historical interpretation. Central to this comparative study are the vowel systems, the analysis of which allows us to understand far better (and to use more appropriately) the older lexical lists from 1805. The result of this assessment is a new direction of research, when it appears that the Zeliangrong languages (traditionally taken as Southern Naga) offer a remarkable and certainly unexpected linguistic link between the Boro-Garo and the Kuki Chin (and Naga) languages. The paper exemplifies how language histories remain distinct from ethnic and political developments, and makes a useful contribution to a finer historical understanding of complex human situations.
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Gandini, Edoardo. "Decolonizing Law: Language and anthropology in the Lusosphere." Pravovedenie 68, no. 1 (2024): 58–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2024.104.
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In the Lusophere, under the appearance of homogeneity of law, due to the influence of Portuguese law, are hidden linguistic and anthropological aspects that are still untied from the State institutions and formal law of the new independent Countries. Thus, this paper, after an overview of the historical events of Portuguese law — from the presence of ius commune in Portugal, to the colonial era, to the post-independence legal systems — focuses on the linguistic and anthropological aspects of millions of people, only conventionally of Portuguese mother tongue and who regulate their lives according to spontaneous unwritten rules. Comparing within the Lusophere, this paper carries out its observation from three different perspectives: law, language, and anthropology. Portuguese now ranks sixth in terms of the number of native speakers and is spread across at least four continents; therefore, it is surprising to observe the scant consideration within the comparative studies for the law and language of Lusophone areas, with few exceptions and mostly confined to native authors. Even more unexplored is the field of comparative law among Portuguese-speaking countries, and except for a few contributions between Portuguese and Brazilian law, attention to Angola, Mozambique, Guinea Bissau, Cape Verde, São Tomé e Princípe, Equatorial Guinea and East Timor is sporadic, rare or nonexistent. This scenario appears to be due to a kind of self-referentiality of the Lusophone legal systems, mainly due to a strong academic dependence on Portuguese universities, a common erudite and administrative language, and a low diffusion of foreign language study. A decolonization of law is for these reasons desirable and, instead of being perceived an intimidating path, should be seen as a chance for new development opportunities.
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Erdman, Michael. "Of Tongues and Skulls: The Influence of Race on Language Sciences in 1930s Turkey." Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association 10, no. 1 (March 2023): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/jottturstuass.10.1.05.
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ABSTRACT: In the 1930s, historiography in Turkey underwent a massive shift. Among the primary interests that emerged as part of the new nationalist historical narrative were a fascination with the physical appearance and the language of the ancient Turks. This paper explores one specific connection between these two topics: the influence that racial anthropology exerted over historical linguistics. By using the speeches made at the First and Second Historical Conferences, and those documented from the first three Turkish Language Congresses, I identify the seeds that were sown for a racial linguistics. I track the evolution of arguments for a physiological basis to narratives about language development, and the eventual harvest of a clear view about the importance of skull types for histories of language. The paper ends with a brief look at the fates of those engaged in enunciating a racialist linguistics in Turkey.
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David, Holm. "The language corridor revisited: Vernacular scripts and migration pathways." Journal of Chinese Writing Systems 4, no. 2 (June 2020): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2513850220919810.
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Over two decades ago, Jerold Edmondson and Li Jinfang conducted linguistic fieldwork in the China–Vietnam borderlands, and posited the existence of a migration corridor running between Guizhou province and the northern provinces of Vietnam, passing through the eastern part of Yunnan. This hypothesis was based on linguistic evidence, so they called it the language corridor, and looked at the correspondences between the speech of isolated communities in northern Vietnam and speech varieties in Guizhou, Guangxi and Yunnan. Historic migrations of populations, large and small, bring with them other traces of their original homelands. In the case of the Tai-speaking peoples of the China–Vietnam area, the evidence includes local varieties of vernacular character scripts based on Chinese. This article will present new information based on survey evidence, and propose a new enhancement of established methods in historical anthropology and historical linguistics.
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Cobb, Paul M. "The Islamic Middle East: An Historical Anthropology. Charles Lindholm." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 59, no. 2 (April 2000): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/468828.
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HOYTE-WEST, Antony. "Exploring the changing status of six Slavic languages: a historical and contemporary overview." JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY AND CULTUROLOGY 32 (December 2022): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/rec.2022.32.01.
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The current study provides an exploratory historical and contemporary overview of the status and development of six major Slavic languages: Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Polish, Slovak, and Slovenian. In terms of scope, it is noteworthy that all six of these languages are now official languages of the European Union, as well as of their specific nation-states. However, the status of these languages has not been constant over time, and on occasion these languages have been repressed and pushed underground. Accordingly, by presenting the relevant individual linguistic case studies, this literature-based contribution outlines the historical and socio-political trajectory of each of these six languages, with a particular focus on events from the nineteenth century onwards. As a consequence, the preliminary analysis undertaken in this study indicates a number of common features between the six case studies. In addition, this is apparent even regarding those languages which were spoken in areas that were part of different kingdoms, empires, and republics and where drastically different language policies were pursued. Hence, points for further expansion of this research study are posited, including the incorporation of a wider range of case studies to include those Slavic languages spoken as national languages outside of the EU context, as well as possible comparative work with those Slavic languages which are minority languages or are minoritized at present.
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Beckett, Dan. "Rajend Mesthrie (ed.), Concise encyclopedia of sociolinguistics. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001. Pp. xxvii, 1031. Hb $237." Language in Society 32, no. 4 (October 2003): 579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404503214056.
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Mesthrie's Concise encyclopedia of sociolinguistics (hereafter, CESO) is a newly edited, condensed, and updated offshoot of the Encyclopedia of language and linguistics, originally published in ten volumes in 1993. This laudable volume aims to “give a comprehensive overview of the main topics in an important branch of language study, generally known as Sociolinguistics” (p. 1). As theoretical background, the branch is traced from the Sanskrit scholar Pānini to more recent origins in historical linguistics, anthropology, rural dialectology, and the study of mixed languages. The field is further presented as the most proper of all branches for language study today, as Mesthrie – updating Labov's (1972) famous claim about the implications of the term sociolinguistics – writes that “having ‘human communication’ as part of the definition of language makes it impossible to study language comprehensively without due regard to social contexts of speech” (1). CESO is an attempt to catalog the relevant components of those social contexts.
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Voznesensky, K. A. "Historical anthropology and microhistory in the classes of rassian culture (russian language for foreign students)." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(13) (August 28, 2010): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2010-4-13-305-307.
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Данная статья даёт некоторый обзор понятиям «микрокультура», «столкновение культур», «микроистория» и «связь антропологии с микрокультурами». Автор обращается к этим вопросам в связи с подачей культуроведческого материала на уроках русского языка как иностранного, ибо в реальной жизни иностранцам трудно понять некоторые процессы, происходящие в современном российском обществе. А обращение к культуроведческому материалу через изучение вопросов исторической антропологии и микрокультур должно подвести иностранных учащихся к разностороннему пониманию такой разнокультурной среды как российское общество. Ключевые слова: антропология, микрокультура, культурные ареалы, столкновение культур, моральные стандарты, бытовое поведение, реинтеграция, микроистория, новое мышление, методика преподавания, культуроведение
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Kida, Ireneusz. "Divine interference into language triplet code as a new perspective on the mysterious confusion at Babel." Studia Anglica Resoviensia 19 (2022): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/sar.2022.19.3.
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This paper proposes a possible scenario, a novel one as far as is believed, which might have taken place at Babel in the land of Shin‘ar, Lower Mesopotamia, where a major language change occurred, here referred to as the Confusion. The correlation of the structure of Semitic languages with the genetic code of organic matter, including that of human organisms, may give new insights into what might have happened at Babel and in its aftermath. Not only may it provide a key to understanding language split, change and its subsequent development and differentiation but also to the nature of the very original language itself and its divinity. The paper has an interdisciplinary character, as it includes elements of historical linguistics, biology, chemistry, archaeology and anthropology, though with strong theological (creationist) undertones. The notion of the triplet code will particularly be in the spotlight here.
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Maggio, Rodolfo. "Japanese ethnographies of the Pacific: Language, politics and perspective." Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nzps_00003_1.
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Abstract An increasing number of Japanese ethnographers have conducted fieldwork research in Pacific Islands in the last few decades, which has resulted in a growing corpus of ethnographic literature. This is partly related to the historical role that Japan has played in the Pacific and partly to its geographical proximity to the area. While this geo-historical advantage combines with the availability of ethnographic works produced by non-Japanese scholars, the latter remain largely unable to access anthropological literature only available in Japanese. This not only limits the international circulation of ethnographies produced by Japanese anthropologists of the Pacific, but also the possibility of engaging with a larger body of anthropological traditions and, thus, with the overall project of 'World Anthropologies'. This article discusses the reasons why Japanese ethnographies of the Pacific provide not only a technical advantage for non-Japanese scholars of Pacific Islands but also a qualitative difference in terms of anthropological perspectives. In particular, it examines the differential impact of different colonial and postcolonial debates on Japanese and anglophone anthropology in relation to ethnographies of urban Melanesia.
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Subchi, Imam. "Antropologi Al-Qur’an: Integrasi Keilmuan Kisah-Kisah Al-Qur’an dan Pokok-Pokok Antropologi Koentjaraningrat." ILMU USHULUDDIN 6, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/iu.v6i1.13895.
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Koentjaraningrat is an Indonesian anthropologist who has many ideas. An interesting Koentjaraningrat idea in relation to the Quran is 7 (seven) elements of culture as an ethnographic principle. This idea opens new horizons related to the Anthropology of the Quran. The subjects in the study of Al-Quran Anthropology have focused on the linguistic verses of the Quran without trying to reveal other anthropological elements such as those contained in the stories of the Quran. This study will integrate 7 elements of culture in anthropology with the stories in the Quran, such as language, science and technology, economics and livelihoods, social systems and social organizations, arts, and religion. The results of this study are thay stories in the Quran in accordance with these 7 elements of culture. Al-Quran, thus contains historical and anthropological stories that are in accordance with the development of science, especially anthropology.
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Blasi, Damián E., Søren Wichmann, Harald Hammarström, Peter F. Stadler, and Morten H. Christiansen. "Sound–meaning association biases evidenced across thousands of languages." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 39 (September 12, 2016): 10818–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605782113.
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It is widely assumed that one of the fundamental properties of spoken language is the arbitrary relation between sound and meaning. Some exceptions in the form of nonarbitrary associations have been documented in linguistics, cognitive science, and anthropology, but these studies only involved small subsets of the 6,000+ languages spoken in the world today. By analyzing word lists covering nearly two-thirds of the world’s languages, we demonstrate that a considerable proportion of 100 basic vocabulary items carry strong associations with specific kinds of human speech sounds, occurring persistently across continents and linguistic lineages (linguistic families or isolates). Prominently among these relations, we find property words (“small” andi, “full” andporb) and body part terms (“tongue” andl, “nose” andn). The areal and historical distribution of these associations suggests that they often emerge independently rather than being inherited or borrowed. Our results therefore have important implications for the language sciences, given that nonarbitrary associations have been proposed to play a critical role in the emergence of cross-modal mappings, the acquisition of language, and the evolution of our species’ unique communication system.
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Wiles, Ellen. "Three branches of literary anthropology: Sources, styles, subject matter." Ethnography 21, no. 2 (March 28, 2018): 280–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466138118762958.
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‘What is literary anthropology?’ – a deceptively simple question, posed by anthropologist Paul Stoller – unleashes debate about the perceived identity of the field. Through the lens of three book reviews, this essay proposes conceptualizing literary anthropology as a central stem with three branches. The first is the use of literary texts as ethnographic source material, particularly for historical anthropologists. The second is the use of literary modes of writing ethnography, ranging from the incorporation of metaphorical language and the subversion of conventional ethnographic structures to the production of fiction as ethnography. The third is the anthropological examination of literary cultural and production practices. The third has been underexplored in the academy to date, the second has been at the centre of fierce controversy within the wider field of anthropology, while the first has arguably been limited by restrictive disciplinary and epistemological assumptions.
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Trofimova, Svetlana M., Bayarma D. Balzhinimaeva, Valentina L. Boktaeva, and Byambajav Tuvshintogs. "Сравнительное исследование лексики в современном калмыцком языке и языке ойратов Монголии в разделе «традиционное жилище и его части»." Oriental studies 14, no. 4 (December 12, 2021): 825–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-56-4-825-833.
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Introduction. The article aims at studying the terms for the traditional dwelling and its parts in the modern Kalmyk language and in the language of the Oirats of Mongolia in a comparative and comparative-historical modes. Analysis of lexical material of the old-written Mongolian, the Khalkha-Mongolian, and the Buryat languages helped identify common terms and common Mongolian basis; also, some features of the Oirat distribution area and specific characteristics of Kalmyk and Oirat of Mongolia were clarified. The lexical material reflects to a degree the historical realities of the ethnic groups in the period of the common Mongolian proto-language, and in a later period of the settlement of Mongolian clans and the formation of Mongolian languages. Materials and methods. The research database comprises the data of dictionaries of the languages under study, as well as field material collected from informants during expeditions to Oirat groups in Western Mongolia. The main research methods are descriptive, comparative, comparative-historical, and continuous sampling. Results. The analysis helped identify both common Mongolian and specific terms characteristic of Kalmyk and Oirat of Mongolia, reflecting the nomadic lifestyle of pastoralists. Conclusion. The authors argue that the commonality of the traditional dwelling vocabulary in the languages in question indicates their common origin, as well as great antiquity of the Oirat clans’ original material culture.
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Okorokov, V. B. "Mytho-logic anthropology and discursive games of Gods in time stream." Науково-теоретичний альманах "Грані" 21, no. 10 (November 19, 2018): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/1718142.
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Is the thought a gift or bloody hell of the person? Involving in a discourse of «another» is accompanied by forming of a field of own senses. Senses come, but they are not born by own «I». But «a science way» (connected with external language games) or a self-immersing way (connected with meditational practice’s), actually, eliminated our own «I». The way (as would tell the Buddha, Moisej or the Christ, and presently M. Heidegger or M. Moss) is a gift. Such gift allows to reconstruct own human nature and to open «passes» (ways) to different measurement of existence of the person. All transitions between measurements connected systems of signs (or languages). In particular, the system of signs allows to transfer the Messiah gift to historical space by means of a myth or mythical and poetic text. Actually, those who put myths or established names, always occupied exclusive position in a society. Interpreters of Ancient Greek mythology asserted that the main gift of gods is fire; however, main gift of gods was the word and a name (language).In «Being and time» of M. Heidegger language is the house of being. The main thought consists that being is structured as language. According to the modern version of J. Lacan, unconscious is structured as language, and unconscious acts as hidden (unconscious) presence of another (or Another as higher Father-god), so language is found out as universal unity, the universal topos, connecting mental and, probably, spiritual space. Not only unconscious, but also spiritual (and mental) it is structured as language. S. Freud and J. Lacan have found out only private forms of a certain universal principle in which specifies creativity of structuralists and poststructuralists: all actively existing (living) is structured as language or is functional in the field of signs and symbols (in the field of language). Leaning Gegel’s and Neohegelians creativity, it can be asserted that Spirit, generating the dialectic negation – a matter, does not disappear, it is not transformed, and continues process of naming, being in other measurement. But the spirit is structured as another in the creation-naming. The mono-spirit is not enough for a birth of the world, the act of naming means presence of another.In search of a nature bases of modern philosophy A. Badiou tried to find a way of realisation of patrimonial procedures in synchronous (adhered to the present) space of human thought and open the essence modern (postmodern) multiplane and polymorphic culture and thought. Proceeding from A. Badiou’s creativity it is possible to conclude, errors in act of naming is very cost much to mankind.
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Silantieva, M. "Diego Velázquez's Kings, Buffoons and Philosophers in the Context of His Religious Paintings: the View from Russia (Philosophical-Anthropological Analysis)." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 2(35) (April 28, 2014): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-2-35-271-284.
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The article is dedicated to the analysis of philosophic anthropology of the great Spanish artist of the 17th century Diego Velazquez. This anthropology is considered through the prism of the problems that set the life of contemporary Russia and its "reflections" in the present-day Russian artists' works. At that Velazquez's philosophical anthropology is reconstructed on the basis of his works. As a consequence, significant part of attention is paid to the method that allows performing such reconstruction. The author proceeds from the belief according to which not only written texts can be considered philosophically. The visual "texts" connected with certain world outlook component of art creative work undoubtedly possess definite semantics. Expressed by the language of art, such image lines contain intelligible sense component reconstruction of which can be subjected to strict scientific and philosophical analysis and corrected with its help. At that one should not think that the images are "translated" into "the text of words" - on the contrary, philosophical reconstruction implies not as "verbalization" of visual line as coherent to it logical mastering of the picture's sense (in this case) against the background of historical and historical-philosophical "scenery". The urgency of turning to this problem is brought about by the fact that a number of questions that found vivid and coherent (as philosophical-anthropological research shows) embodiment in Velazquez's creative work are extremely interesting for contemporary thinkers speaking the language of contemporary fine arts. "The topic of mirror" is among such questions and it deals with correlation of intellectual and rational in a person's consciousness, and, finally, there is the issue of the man as a bearer of moral principles. Comparison of attitudes shown by contemporary painting with Velazquez's ideas enables to trace the development of philosophical anthropology and in the area of its most significant categories - the man, society, consciousness, corporality, creative work, etc.
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Ashurov, Asim, and Zaur Rashidov. "The essence of philosophical anthropology: Max Scheler's role in the formation of philosophical anthropology as a school." Metafizika Journal 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2024): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.33864/2617-751x.2024.v7.i1.91-111.
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"Philosophical anthropology" is a special and extremely comprehensive branch of the history of world science and modern philosophical thought in general. Philosophical anthropology is an important branch of Western philosophical and social thought. Philosophical anthropology, which took its historical roots from ancient Greek philosophy, existed in the later periods of the history of philosophy, acquired a new meaning in German classical philosophy, and became a special trend in the history of philosophy starting from the beginning of the 20th century, is also, in general, a new philosophy of man. It is a philosophical teaching that includes the results of various systems of knowledge about the nature and existence of man in the 20th century Western Europe, mainly in German-language philosophy. In a broader sense, philosophical anthropology is a scientific system consisting of a set of philosophical ideas, concepts, and teachings that focus on man and aim to study him. Philosophical anthropology, which emerged in the late 1920s as a result of Max Scheler's philosophical teaching and was considered a new direction in the history of thought, developed as a branch of non-classical philosophy.
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Stepina, Dinara. "A Review of Patrick Stevenson, Language and Migration in a Multilingual Metropolis: Berlin Lives.Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, 202 pp." Antropologicheskij forum 16, no. 44 (2020): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2020-16-44-173-185.
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The present book proposes a perspective of big cities as multilingual spaces despite the “monolingual habitus” of European metropoles. Even though urban linguistic diversity is widely considered a recent phenomenon due to the latest intensification of migratory movements, historical records indicate that many European cities have traditionally been at the heart of geographical mobility which has significantly shaped their linguistic landscapes. The book is an attempt to cover the two methodological lacunaе in urban sociolinguistics using the example of Berlin: the invisibility of immigrant languages and the underrepresentation of language biographies in sociolinguistic research.
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Coleman, Roche. "The Imago Dei: The Distinctiveness of Humanity." Old Testament Essays 36, no. 3 (January 30, 2023): 649–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2312-3621/2023/v36n3a7.
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Arguments for humans and animals existing in the imago Dei derive from a desire to harmonize Genesis 1:26-28 and alleged scientific views derived from an evolutionary system. An accurate analysis of biblical anthropology reveals the uniqueness of humankind in the areas of distinctiveness ("of which there is only one ") and superiority ("standing alone in comparison with others, frequently by reason of superior excellence" ).1 Considering the attempts to augment the biblical concept of the imago Dei, this paper argues humanity alone resides in the distinct status of being created in the image of God. Three sections will substantiate the unique design of humanity. First, a presentation of the historical view of the imago Dei. Second, an examination of evolution's influence on the biblical rendering of the origin of humanity, human distinctiveness, recasting anthropology, and inferior groups. Third, emphasis on biblical anthropology in Genesis 1:26-28 that culminates with the offering of the lesser for the greater through divination and sacrifice.
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Kononchuk, I. Y., and Y. V. Fil. "Historical language personality of the 18th century through the prism of xenolexis (based on A.V. Suvorov’s letters)." Rusin, no. 66 (2021): 102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/66/7.
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The article focuses on the linguistic personality of A.V. Suvorov – one of the most important historical figures famous for his military achievements, including his service and warfare in Slavic territories (military service in the Lublin region, participation in hostilities in Poland, the Battle of Brest, etc.), a prominent representative of the Russian cultural elite in the 18th century. The study employs methods of linguopersonology and historical lexicology. It aims to describe a historical language personality, viewed as a reflection of both an individual with a linguistic potential, a type of specific linguistic reflection, and of the era as a whole with its inherent linguistic features and tendencies. Processes in the language at a given time period are also manifested in the language of an individual. The study focuses on the borrowed lexis, reflecting the general instability of the Russian language system of the period, which resulted from the prevailing multilingualism of the Russian nation, a significant increase in foreign words in the Russian language, and a change in linguistic norms. Through the prism of xenolexis, the authors describe Suvorov’s language personality reflected in his letters to note his broad outlook, fluency in native and foreign languages, linguistic intuition, innovative use of units of native and foreign languages.
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Nikolae, F. V., L. V. Sofronova, and A. V. Khazina. "Military-Historical Anthropology: Vectors of Theoretical Polemic in Russian and English Historiography." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 2 (March 3, 2021): 356–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-2-356-370.
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A classification of theoretical approaches in military-historical anthropology is proposed. The authors note that social constructivism prevails in English-language historiography as a whole, while in Russian studies an existential approach does. It is shown that the socio-cultural direction and the phenomenology of the front-line experience have recently begun to play an increasing role. It is concluded that a theoretical analysis of the differences between these approaches allows not only to identify their strengths and problematic sides, but also to outline the prospects for interaction between them. The authors note that the most promising today is the setting for the participation of representatives of the academic community in joint cultural practices of representing the front-line experience with combatants, which makes it possible to make the dialogue between the phenomenology of front-line experience and the socio-cultural approach the most productive. It is argued that within the framework of such a dialogue, the question of the relationship between normative social structures and local practices should not be reduced to a previously known answer. It is emphasized that it makes sense not to level out or radically absolutize the theoretical tension between the indicated approaches, but to work it out — to look for points of practical interaction and modification of existing strategies for comprehending the past.
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Davydov, I. P. "Аspects of Post-Structural Anthropology of Eduardo Viveiros de Castro (Postmodernism as a Language of the Description of Amazonian Tribes’ Mythological Reality: the Trickster’s Simulacra in Shamanism)." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2020-1-13-84-94.
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The purpose of the study is to trace the origins of E. V. de Castro’s «poststructural anthropology», and the possibility of its application in Religious Studies in contemporary Russia. For the purpose of the study, the methods of description, historical and comparative analysis and modelling were chosen. The objectives of the study are: 1) to create an analogous 3D model of «the shaman’s universe», according to the factography of E. V. de Castro’s «poststructural anthropology»; 2) to verify its heuristic potential using the material of the belief in the existence of werewolves; 3) to verify whether the postmodern thesaurus, as a language of description, could be adequately applied to the worldview of Amazonian shamans. The author concludes that: a) the immediate origins of «poststructural anthropology» lie in the views of J. Deleuze and F. Guattari, and that the achievements of the British school of social anthropology and Cl. Levi- Strauss’s structuralism served as the general background for E. V. de Castro’s and E. Kohn’s work; b) the conceptual framework of postmodernism is able to serve as an appropriate language of description of the shamanic experience which was clearly demonstrated by Amazonists E. V. de Castro and E. Kohn; c) the shamanic model of the universe (the Chaosmosis) has sufficient heuristic potential to be applied to other phenomena of religion, mytho-ritual, virtual fantasy worlds, fairy tales, and folklore.
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Fedchenko, O. D. "TO THE QUESTION OF THE ORIGIN OF FINLAND HYDRONYMS." Herald of Kola Science Centre of the RAS 13, no. 1/2021 (September 9, 2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2307-5228.2021.13.1.002.
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The article is devoted to the linguistic analysis of Finnish hydronyms. The origin of the names of large and significant rivers in the region is considered. The systematization of hydronyms, which received a name in the Baltic language environment, has been carried out. River names have an etymology akin to concepts such as river, channel, stream, current. The proposed article makes it possible to clarify the archaeological and historical aspects of the life of ancient people in the region. The revealed patterns in the etymology of hydronyms correlate with the data of anthropology and genetics. The language of ancient pre-Finnish tribes that existed on the territory of Finland belonged to the Baltic language group.
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Nagazumi, Akira. "Historical studies." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 144, no. 2 (1988): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003292.
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Machault, Julien. "Bricker Victoria R., A Historical Grammar of the Maya Language of Yucatan, 1557-2000." Journal de la société des américanistes 106, no. 106-2 (December 15, 2020): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/jsa.18794.
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Botz-Bornstein, Thorsten. "The Conscious and the Unconscious in History:Lévi-Strauss, Collingwood, Bally, Barthes." Journal of the Philosophy of History 6, no. 2 (2012): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187226312x650728.
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Abstract Claude Lévi-Strauss holds that history and anthropology differ in their choice of complementary perspectives: history organizes its data in relation to conscious expressions of social life, while anthropology proceeds by examining its unconscious foundations. For R. G. Collingwood historical science discovers not only pure facts but considers a whole series of thoughts constituting historical life. Also Lévi-Strauss sees this: “To understand history it is necessary to know not only how things are, but how they have come to be.” However, Lévi-Strauss does not perceive the double-sense of history, which can first be a record of historical “conscious” facts and second, a chain of unconscious or half-conscious acts. Like Lévi-Strauss, Charles Bally has derived the main theses of his theory from Saussure. However, contrary to Lévi-Strauss, Bally does not find structures at the inside of the phenomena but at their outside: “Our attention is drawn to the expressive side and not to the interior side of the facts of language.” Bally calls those structures not “history” but “style.” In Roland Barthes’s attempt to establish a structuralist system of fashion we can find a definition of style very similar to Bally’s. In the end, however, none of these thinkers addresses the fact that unconscious relations within historical life are constantly interlocked with conscious elements.
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Gelbart, Matthew. ""The Language of Nature": Music as Historical Crucible for the Methodology of Folkloristics." Ethnomusicology 53, no. 3 (October 1, 2009): 363–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25653084.
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Nekrasova, G. A. "Semantics of the egressive in the Permian languages: interlanguage differences." Bulletin of Ugric studies 11, no. 3 (2021): 470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2021-11-3-470-478.
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Introduction: in modern Permian languages most of the spatial cases are the legacy of the Proto-Permian language. In the course of the historical evolution of languages, the morphological and functional-semantic characteristics of common Permian cases have changed, so it is important to identify similarities and differences in their use. Objective: to identify differences in the use of the egressive in the Komi-Zyryan, Komi-Permian and Udmurt languages. Research materials: the empirical base of the study was made up of original texts in the Komi-Zyryan, Komi-Permian and Udmurt languages from printed sources and electronic corpora. Results and novelty of the research: for the first time, a comparative study of the semantic structure of the egressive of the Permian languages is undertaken. It is revealed that in each of the Permian languages, the egressive has specific functional and semantic features. In the Komi languages, the egressive has meanings, which in the Udmurt language are expressed by the ablative. The meanings that are inherent for the egressive only in the Komi-Permian language, in the Komi-Zyryan language are included in the semantic zone of the elative, in the Udmurt language – in the semantic zone of the ablative. In the Udmurt language, the egressive can express meanings that in the Komi languages are expressed by the inessive or the postposition vylyn ‘on’. Based on the analysis of the semantics of the case, it is concluded that there are different sources of the formation of egressive suffixes in the Komi and Udmurt languages. New data are introduced into scientific circulation, which can be used in comparative-historical and typological studies of cases
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Mignolo, Walter D. "On the Colonization of Amerindian Languages and Memories: Renaissance Theories of Writing and the Discontinuity of the Classical Tradition." Comparative Studies in Society and History 34, no. 2 (April 1992): 301–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500017709.
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When George Balandier proposed his theoretical approach to a colonial situation, the colonization of language was not an issue that piqued the interest of scholars in history, sociology, economics, or anthropology, which were the primary disciplines targeted in his article. When some fifteen years later Michel Foucault underlined the social and historical significance of language (‘l'énoncé*’) and discursive formation, the colonization of language was still not an issue to those attentive to the archaeology of knowledge. Such an archaeology, founded on the paradigmatic example generally understood as the Western tradition, overlooked the case history in which an archaeology of discursive formation would have led to the very root of the massive colonization of language which began in the sixteenth century with the expansion of the Spanish and Portuguese empires.
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Tovuu, Sayzana S. "Тувинский язык в образовании: вопросы витальности языка." Oriental Studies 15, no. 6 (December 29, 2022): 1389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-64-6-1389-1400.
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Introduction. The article examines the functioning of Tuvan in the educational system from a historical perspective throughout the 20th–21st centuries. The work analyzes language development endeavors as part of Tuva’s educational policy, summarizes outcomes of sociological surveys for actual attitudes of Tuvan speakers to their native language as a value. Goals. The paper aims to show the importance of the educational system as a key sphere for language vitality. Materials and methods. The analyzed data were obtained from the research projects as follows: ‘Tuvan for Children’ — a regional educational project attended by a total of 52,186 individuals since 2019 (2019–2020 — 22,931; 2021–2022 — 29,255); and ‘Traditional Family Values in Spiritual and Moral Education of Children and Youth in the Tyva Republic’ — a scientific project to have involved 2,083 respondents in 2022, and aiming to determine whether the latter view their native (Tuvan) language as a value. Results. Outcomes of three monitoring surveys show a year-on-year increase in the number of pre-school children that learn Tuvan and a sufficient language proficiency level of theirs. The study attests to that native language is viewed as a value of the ethnos, and it is family that contributes most to its preservation. Conclusions. In a historical perspective, native language teaching has played a significant role in the educational system’s shaping as such. The actual state support for native languages of the Republic manifested in official languages development programs has significantly facilitated the emergence of additional opportunities for native (Tuvan) language teaching and learning in educational institutions.
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Rivera, Ricardo. "Translating Islam into Georgian." Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 28, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ajec.2019.280206.
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This forum piece provides a brief discussion of the mediation of religious and ethnic identity through language in Adjara, an autonomous region of southwestern Georgia. The piece considers the emergence of a consolidated ‘Georgian Muslim’ identity in the post-Soviet period. It thus sheds light on how language acts as a site for the navigation of religious and historical difference in Adjara.
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Donaldson, Coleman. "The Role of Islam, Ajami writings, and educational reform in Sulemaana Kantè’s N’ko." African Studies Review 63, no. 3 (January 28, 2020): 462–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2019.59.
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Abstract:The written words of African Muslims have recently received renewed attention. This stems from a push to go beyond colonial archives as well as concerns with terrorism and Islamic radicalization. While Ajami—that is, African languages written in Arabic script—has been a part of this trend, Manding-language publications in the N’ko script have been overlooked. And yet, this literary industry is distinctly Islamic. Putting the writings of Sulemaana Kantè into conversation with historical authors and his contemporaries, Donaldson demonstrates that N’ko represents an iteration of Afro-Muslim vernacular thought, thereby illuminating Kantè and a body of N’ko and Ajami publications.
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Gulruh, Tillaboyeva. "THE ISSUE OF INVESTIGATING THE VOCABULARY OF WOMEN'S CLOTHING AND FASHION IN LINGUISTICS." American Journal of Philological Sciences 4, no. 10 (October 1, 2024): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajps/volume04issue10-27.
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This article explores the linguistic aspects of the vocabulary associated with women's clothing and fashion. It highlights the significance of studying how language reflects cultural, social, and gender norms through fashion-related terms. The dynamic and context-dependent nature of this vocabulary is discussed, along with its connection to historical changes, globalization, and media representations. The research emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of this topic, intersecting with sociology, gender studies, and cultural anthropology, to uncover the socio-cultural ideologies embedded in fashion discourse. This study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of how language shapes perceptions of identity, aesthetics, and social roles within the domain of women’s fashion.
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McFall, Liz. "The Language of the Walls: Putting Promotional Saturation in Historical Context." Consumption Markets & Culture 7, no. 2 (June 2004): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1025386042000246188.
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Haddad, Fernando, R. Kelly Washbourne, and Greg Horvath. "Toward the Redialectization of Historical Materialism: Labor and Language." Cultural Critique 49, no. 1 (2001): 111–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cul.2001.0011.
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Bulut, Sefa. "The History and Function of Sisterhood in Turkey: Bacıyan-ı Rum Organization in Medieval Era." Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/sa.v16i1.7591.
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Bacıyan-ı Rum (Anatolian Sisters Organization) is known as the world's first women's organization in history, but very few pieces of literature exist about this medieval organization. Thus, the aim was to reach up to all available historical documents about the topic and systematically analyze the nature and function of such an organization in the medieval era. Preliminary findings show that no written documents existed in English nor other languages except the Turkish language. It was also observed that this topic has emerged as an exciting area for many disciplines in recent times, leading to a sudden development of recent write-ups on such a topic. Therefore, this paper aims to introduce and explore the historical antecedent and functions of Bacıyan-ı Rum Organization to readers and other professionals interested in history, ethics, women, and gender studies. Kinds of literature were reviewed across history, economics, politics, travelogues, art, sociology, and anthropology to provide an extensive and detailed understanding of such a remarkable phenomenal women organization that existed in the Islamic world of the Medieval Era in Anatolia, Turkey.
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Kitanov, Valentin. "A Multi-perspective Focus on the State." Balkanistic Forum 30, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v30i1.17.
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Seeking to present the State from a different perspective, the book examines both classical and modern theories of the emergence of the State, as well as the historical typology and evolution of the State over time. By applying a different approach, it seeks to overcome the confines of single disciplines, such as history, political science, sociology, law and anthropology among others. In practice, the book traces the history of the institution ‘state’ from the Antiquity to the Modern Age. Paev, K. The State from Antiquity to Modern Age: Theoretical and Historical Questions. Second revised edition: Sofia, Paradigma Publishing House, 2020, 220 p., ISBN 978-954-326-424-7
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Dupré, Jean-François. "Language Politics and Recognition under Tsai Ing-wen." International Journal of Taiwan Studies 5, no. 2 (August 5, 2022): 224–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24688800-05020002.
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Abstract This paper surveys developments in language politics and policy in Taiwan under Tsai Ing-wen’s presidency (2016–present). Drawing on historical-institutionalist premises, it shows that recent language policy developments were path-dependent and built upon initiatives proposed under Chen Shui-bian’s presidency (2000–2008). The paper argues that the comparative success of Tsai’s initiatives owed not only to her party forming a legislative majority, but also to a broad sociopolitical consensus on transitional and historical justice, and to an incrementalist strategy that consisted in legislating on minority languages before laying out a comprehensive multilingual legal framework. Although recent language developments do fall within the purview of identity politics, these factors have enabled the Tsai administration to justify and legitimise measures towards language recognition and revitalisation as intrinsic to Taiwan’s democratic consolidation, rather than as tools for identity building.
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Horvat, Marijana, and Sanja Perić Gavrančić. "On Historical-Grammatical Terminology in the RETROGRAM Project." Collegium antropologicum 47, no. 2 (2023): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5671/ca.47.2.5.
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The paper examines the sources of a linguistic corpus explored and interpreted in the framework of the RETROGRAM project, carried out by the Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics. The abovementioned sources comprise three pre-standard historical grammar books which, aside from the rules governing Italian, German and Latin, additionally include Croatian equivalents of grammatical terms, morphological paradigms as well as linguistic annotation.