Academic literature on the topic 'Historical Conflict Analysis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Historical Conflict Analysis"
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Zavarika, G. "HISTORICAL EYES OF CONFLICT RESEARCH AND ITS INTERDISCIPLINARY CHARACTER." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 72 (2018): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2018.72.10.
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The scientific category of conflict is considered. The development of knowledge about the conflict in different historical formations is highlighted. It is found that the conflict is interdisciplinary and uses methods of research of various Sciences. The points of view on the place of conflict in the social life of scientists of different eras and specializations are analyzed. It was proved that the theme of the conflict was actual in different stages of the historical development of society. The importance of the study of the conflict in the period of formation of the Ukrainian conflictology is revealed. It is established that at the present stage in Ukraine the analysis and development of foreign experience is carried out, there are original theoretical and methodological developments of various aspects of the conflict. Today, science faces an important problem related to the emergence of conflicts – the study of factors that contribute to their emergence. Scientific interest is largely related to the growth of tension in various spheres of socio-economic and socio-political interaction, aggression and terrorism, ethnic conflicts. Our society, political elite, political scientists were unprepared for this difficult situation. Orientation to the” conflict-free ” development of society made the problems of conflicts unpromising. This led not only to its de facto exclusion from the field of scientific research but also to the fact that society has not formed mechanisms for predicting the emergence of conflicts. Attempts to copy the experience of foreign conflictologists in the field of socio-political problems are not designed for universal complement in any socio-cultural conditions, are unsuccessful. This contradiction lies in the awareness of the need for scientific understanding and practical work on the issue related to the collection of information, it’s systematization, analysis and forecasting of possible conflicts. The practical significance of the work lies in the conclusions about the need for a more in-depth and comprehensive approach to the study of factors contributing to the emergence of conflicts by effective, qualitative methods on the basis of knowledge of history, political science, sociology, psychology, social geography, political economy, political marketing in order to prevent and quickly eliminate them.
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Severinova, Oleksandra. "LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF MILITARY SERVANTS: HISTORICAL LAW ASPECTS." Ukrainian polyceistics: theory, legislation, practice 1, no. 1 (2021): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2709-9261-2021-1-1-116-122.
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The article analyzes the historical law bases of legal responsibility of servicemen during armed conflicts. The typification of armed conflicts is classified and carried out on various grounds, including on the basis of evolutionary nature (four generations of wars). It is concluded that in the XXI century armed conflicts have a number of fundamentally new features (unconventionality, nonlinearity, irregularity, asymmetry and non-military nature), which distinguishes them from the armed confrontations of previous epochs and refers to the fourth generation wars. The analysis described the following similar terms: «war», «military conflict», «armed conflict», and identified similarities, identities or substantive differences between them, which is important for the correct legal classification of war crimes. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that today the aggressor states in armed conflicts use the so-called «hybrid means of warfare», which include, in addition to confrontation on the battlefield in the classical sense, confrontation on economic, informational, political and cultural fronts. The emergence of these new weapons requires the study of the essence of «hybrid» confrontation: the means, methods and tactics used, the purpose of defeat by one means or another to deter the aggressor states, as well as to counter them. The urgency of the topic is also due to the fact that Ukraine today, unfortunately, found itself in a state of armed confrontation, fell victim to a «hybrid conflict» on the part of the Russian Federation. As practice shows, the nature of the discussion of this problem and the process of developing and approving specific measures aimed at counteracting and deterring the aggressor state proves the inability of most international organizations responsible for international peace and security to address such issues in practice. From this point of view, a historical and legal analysis of the formation of the institution of legal responsibility of servicemen during armed conflicts, given the crucial importance of bringing to justice those guilty of war crimes.
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BOUSSAHA, Amir, and Marina Vladimirovna GILLARD. "HISTORICAL PRECONDITIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND FORMATION OF SPORTS CONFLICTOLOGY." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 174 (2018): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2018-23-174-64-70.
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In the development of modern society, the growing interest in conflict and conflictology is known, which has several grounds for it. An important feature of modernity is the increase in the number of conflicts that arise in various spheres of social interaction. The main signs of the emergence and manifestation of the conflict is the lack of mutual understanding between people, various forms of violence, aggression, terrorist acts, the presence of people in uncertainty in the future, fear of the future, the very problem of conflict in real life becomes more complicated, which leads to the relevance and importance of studying this phenomenon. We present a retrospective analysis of many researches, which examine the stages of development and formation of conflictology as an independent science, and sports conflictology as one of the emerging sectors of conflictology as a whole. It should be noted that the results of the theoretical study provide an opportunity to identify the prerequisites for the formation of the sports conflictology, which in turn allows approaching the study and the resolution of the conflict in sports overall and multi-disciplinary. Since conflictology is considered as interdisciplinary science, where large numbers of scientific disciplines studies the issue of conflict, as it is a universal phenomenon.
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Ahner, Darryl, and Luke Brantley. "Finding the fuel of the Arab Spring fire: a historical data analysis." Journal of Defense Analytics and Logistics 2, no. 2 (2018): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdal-03-2018-0008.
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Purpose This paper aims to address the reasons behind the varying levels of volatile conflict and peace as seen during the Arab Spring of 2011 to 2015. During this time, higher rates of conflict transition occurred than normally observed in previous studies for certain Middle Eastern and North African countries. Design/methodology/approach Previous prediction models decrease in accuracy during times of volatile conflict transition. Also, proper strategies for handling the Arab Spring have been highly debated. This paper identifies which countries were affected by the Arab Spring and then applies data analysis techniques to predict a country’s tendency to suffer from high-intensity, violent conflict. A large number of open-source variables are incorporated by implementing an imputation methodology useful to conflict prediction studies in the future. The imputed variables are implemented in four model building techniques: purposeful selection of covariates, logical selection of covariates, principal component regression and representative principal component regression resulting in modeling accuracies exceeding 90 per cent. Findings Analysis of the models produced by the four techniques supports hypotheses which propose political opportunity and quality of life factors as causations for increased instability following the Arab Spring. Originality/value Of particular note is that the paper addresses the reasons behind the varying levels of volatile conflict and peace as seen during the Arab Spring of 2011 to 2015 through data analytics. This paper considers various open-source, readily available data for inclusion in multiple models of identified Arab Spring nations in addition to implementing a novel imputation methodology useful to conflict prediction studies in the future.
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Panchuk, Ekaterina. "ATTITUDE TO CONFLICTS IN ETHICS OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2020, no. 1 (2020): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2020-1-324-325.
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The interdisciplinary importance of studying the problem of conflict is emphasized. The historical analysis of the attitude to conflicts is given. The negative and positive functions of conflicts in business communication, the role of ethics in the prevention and resolution of conflicts are examined.
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Fakurdinova, Alla G. "Resolution of labor conflicts in pricing and conflict commissions in the early Soviet period." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 186 (2020): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2020-25-186-216-223.
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We analyze the historical regulatory framework of the activity of pricing and conflict commissions of the early Soviet period, which existed during the period of the new economic policy. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the quasi-judicial activity of pricing and conflict commissions is poorly studied, in this regard, the study of the quasi-judicial functions of pricing and conflict commissions is of historical importance, and also has parallels with the practice of modern labor dispute commissions. The aim of the work is to study the activity of pricing and conflict commissions during the period of the new economic policy with the study of the first Soviet regulatory documents, as well as the reconstruction of their history on archival materials of the Tambov Governorate. The research methods were the formal legal analysis of historical and legal acts of the Soviet era: a comparative analysis of the powers and activities of quasi-judicial bodies and people’s courts. Conclusions are drawn about the full formal conformity of the judicial process in modern world courts and historical quasi-judicial bodies that resolved labor disputes in the 1920s, the hierarchy of these bodies and the regulatory legal framework of their activities, as well as their integration into the system of Soviet public authorities, were reconstructed. We analyze the principles of the judicial process implemented in the activities of the commissions, such as the principles of openness, transparency, equality of parties.
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Voropayeva, Tetiana. "CONFLICTIZATION OF THE CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL SPACE OF UKRAINIANNESS UNDER CONDITIONS OF MODERN THREATS: THEORY AND PRACTICE." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 25 (2019): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2019.25.6.
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The article deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of the problem of conflictization of the cultural and historical space of Ukrainianness under conditions of modern threats. The essence of conflicts is revealed in the article, the interpretation on the conflict as an attribute of social life is done, its influence on the processes of social transformations is traced. The causes and conditions of the emergence, escalation and resolution of conflicts on various levels are analyzed, the possibility and necessity of managing them is substantiated. The article is devoted to theoretical and methodological analysis of contemporary studies in conflictology. It is proved that it is reasonable to apply an integrative approach to classification of social conflicts. An integrative approach to the analysis of conflicts is the methodological basis of research, which involves its consideration not only as a source of destruction and death, but also as the initial place of development of society. The autor comes to conclusion that the term of conflictization processes has considerable scientific potential for study of social conflicts. The analysis of the essence of conflictization’s processes, their specific character and sources of emergence is done on the base of conflictological theories. The article analyzes special features of contemporary conflicts in the context of global processes. The specificity of conflictization in interstate relations in the era of globalization raise this phenomenon to transnational and even planetary scale. Under conditions of militarization of conflict interaction, the level of conflict potential also increases. The escalation of tension and the use of violence through militarization of conflict interactions leads to armed confrontation. Contemporary armed conflicts pose a significant threat to humanity as they may expand in the context of globalization. The formulating of a row of measures (of humanitarian, socio-economic and politico-military nature) is aimed to prevent challenges, dangers and threats to the national interests of Ukraine. It is also necessary to maintain a balance of forces, values, resources, political, legal and socio-economic problems in the society and the state. The importance of a comprehensive strategy of counter the destructive actions of foreign mercenaries in Ukraine has been substantiated. The focus is on the use of political and diplomatic means through the active participation of the international community and the strengthening of economic sanctions against the Russian Federation. «Smart power» is interpreted as the ability to combine the resources of «hard» and «soft» power in order to strengthen the position of Ukraine on the international scene. The importance of the strategy of «smart power» as a basis for overcoming the armed conflict on the territory of Ukraine and the reintegration of the occupied territories was substantiated. We have made an attempt to interpret conflictization processes in the framework of an integrative approach. The proneness to conflict is now playing a distinctive role in the social and political life of the Ukraine. The discursive-consensus and assertive strategies for successful solution of a social conflict is considered to be an optimal one.
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Perham, Arnold E., and Bernadette H. Perham. "Discrete Mathematics And Historical Analysis: A Study Of Magellan." Mathematics Teacher 88, no. 2 (1995): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.88.2.0106.
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Historical narratives often involve the lives of kings and queens, periods of exploration, or political movements. In these narratives, identifying the strategic elements and analyzing their interrelationships are interesting problems. Topics in discrete mathematics used to model conflict, like graph theory and game theory, could be helpful modeling tools of history.
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Zimovets, Roman. "About benefits and harms of rewriting history. One of the topics of contemporary historical discourses: philosophical analysis." Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, no. 2 (2021): 142–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2021.02.142.
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When we talk about historical revisionism, negative connotations as a rule are prevailing. Prohibition of revision of certain historical interpretation and assessment is one of the tasks of historical policy which is carried out by adopting so-called «memorial laws». Taking care of the formation of the desired representations of the past (narratives) is directly related to the interests of institutionalized power in its own stabilization and strengthening. Power is a function of the community, whose identity is formed historically. Consolidation of collective identity through the support and reproduction of common representations of the past is one of the tools to strengthen power. At the same time, the very nature of human experience acquisition which is permanent mediation of the horizon of the past and the present, presuppose a reinterpretation of this past. Major shifts in the experience of generations, which occur as a result of certain social changes, lead to a new look at the past of the community. In this sense, rethinking and rewriting history becomes necessary to clarify, update, rationalize the collective identity, which is problematized by new experience. Historical policy can both respond to this need for identity transformation through re- thinking representations of one’s own past and come into conflict with it. In the latter case, the narratives transferring by institutional power begin to conflict with the communicative memory of the generation experiencing a shift. One of the tools of self-preservation of power in this situation is blocking of living historical experience, which can take various forms. The culmination of such a blockade is «hermetization» of historical time that take place in totalitarian state. The living historicity of experience, which requires a constant rethinking of one’s own historically inherited identity, is replaced by an artificial, time-frozen identity, which, precisely because of this nature, becomes fragile and doomed to destruction. On the other hand, the rewriting of history initiated by the authorities within the framework of historical policy may face resistance to the representations of the past rooted in the communicative and cultural memory. The resistance of historical narratives indicates that the collective memory and the identity founded in it are not only a power construct, but also a spontaneous layering of sediments of historical experience. In today’s world of global communications and unified everyday practices, historical narratives are beginning to play an increasing role, as they remain the only seat of identity. At the same time, this process reinforces the conflict potential of communities, which can be observed in many examples of the revival of historically motivated political ambitions. In this situation, a critical clarification of various interpretations of the past becomes a means of rationalizing the historically inherited identity of communities as a necessary condition for intercultural dialogue.
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Nazarov, Nikita. "SOCIAL AND LABOR CONFLICT MANAGEMENT: UKRAINIAN AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE." Innovative Technologies and Scientific Solutions for Industries, no. 1 (15) (March 31, 2021): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/itssi.2021.15.091.
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The subject of study in the article is the process of socio-economic conflict management. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the theoretical provisions and methodological approaches in the management of labor conflicts as a form of social and labor relations based on Ukrainian and foreign experience. The following tasks are solved in the article: to investigate the essence and place of social and labor conflict in the system of social contradictions; provide a classification of conflicts in the social and labor sphere; to study the forms and methods of resolving social and labor conflicts: to analyze the success of conflict prevention in Ukrainian and foreign practice. The following methods are used: method of analysis and synthesis, classification-analytical method, abstract-logical method, historical-retrospective analysis and generalization. The following results were obtained: the concept of socio-economic conflict is clarified. The classification of conflicts is carried out, which gives an understanding of the nature and essence of conflict relations on the following grounds: the method of conflict resolution (antagonistic and compromise conflicts); spheres of conflict (political, social, economic, organizational conflicts); direction of impact (vertical and horizontal conflicts); degree of conflict confrontation (hidden and open conflicts); the number of participants in conflict interaction (intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup); needs (cognitive and interest conflicts). Structural and interpersonal methods for resolving conflict situations are defined. An analysis of the current state of resolution and prevention of labor conflicts in 2020 was conducted according to the National Service for Mediation and Reconciliation. Foreign experience in resolving labor disputes has proved the feasibility of developing the following ways to resolve labor disputes in Ukraine: with the help of special courts on labor and social security (sectoral justice); through civil proceedings in general courts; through conciliation and arbitration procedures. Conclusions: The analysis allowed to determine the essence of social and labor conflict as a form of social and labor relations at the micro, meso, and macro levels, which is manifested in the opposition of the subjects of the socio-economic sphere. Applying the gained world experience it is possible to reduce social tensions and to strengthen social and economic safety of the state.
 Keywords: brand; definition; branding; brand book; rebranding; stages.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Historical Conflict Analysis"
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Hartmann, Paul B. R. "The oral contentious process a historical and canonical analysis /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Best, S. G. "Religion, politics and conflict in northern Nigeria : an historical analysis with two case studies." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499864.
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McPherson, Darren G. "Patterns in conflict : an historical analysis of PRC crisis/conflict management based on Chinese perceptions of sovereignty and national strategic frontiers /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA359148.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1998.<br>"December 1998." Thesis advisor(s): Edward A. Olsen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-132). Also available online.
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Charlebois, Michael A. Pecha Keith E. "Historical analysis of the Battle of LIttle Bighorn utilizing the Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation (JCATS /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FCharlebois%5FPecha.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Defense Analysis Special Operations/Low Intensity Conflict)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004.<br>Thesis advisor(s): Gordon McCormick, Bard Mansager. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-120). Also available online.
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Pecha, Keith E., and Michael A. Charlebois. "Historical analysis of the Battle of Little Bighorn utilizing the Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation (JCATS)." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1174.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>The purpose of this thesis is to determine which of three competing theories of what occurred at the Battle of Little Bighorn is the most plausible by utilizing the Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation (JCATS) program developed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. There are many practical gains that JCATS can provide today's military with regard to training and educating soldiers for future conflicts. JCATS can be used to train soldiers in planning and executing missions in ways not feasible with conventional field training exercises utilizing live bodies and real vehicles. It is also increasingly being used for actual mission planning. However, very little has been done using JCATS to war-game past operations. There are two points to be gained by using JCATS to model a historical battle such as the Battle of Little Bighorn. First, it validates the ability of JCATS to accurately model actual historical scenarios while identifying many of the specific limitations of the program. If the military is going to use computer simulations such as JCATS in lieu of field training exercises to train soldiers, it must first be determined if the program produces realistic results. Modeling an actual battle and comparing the results of the program with what actually occurred is one means of doing so. Second, modeling historical battles, particularly defeats, may assist in discovering lessons learned. In a field training exercise, a defeated force can be brought back to life and given another opportunity to apply the lessons learned from its previous defeat. Real battles afford no such opportunity. Computer modeling of past battles would allow military planners to isolate individual events and decisions and study their impact on the outcome.<br>Major, United States Army
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Skora, Patrick W. "Analysis of security sector reform in post-conflict Sierra Leone a comparison of current versus historical capabilities /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FSkora.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Lawson, Letitia. Second Reader: Mensch, Eugene M. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 23, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Sierra Leone, Post-Conflict, Security Sector Reform, SSR, RSLAF, SLP, Police, Sierra Leone military. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-60). Also available in print.
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Yilmaz, Ismail. "A Historical Analysis of the Failures of Camp David 2000 Summit." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4799/.
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This research seeks to understand the reasons for failures of Bill Clinton, Yasser Arafat, and Ehud Barak's Camp David Summit that was held in July, 2000. The Summit was arranged to complete the last phase of Oslo Peace Process. Numerous researches have attempted to reveal the facts of the summit but, so far, they have failed to present the complete details of what happened before, during, and after the summit. This research explores all aspects of the problem including the various variables that would have had effected the breakdown of the Middle East peace process. Finally, the researcher determines the parameters needed to maintain a substantial peace in the Middle East and what proposed strategies might be followed in order to avoid the previous mistakes in future peace negotiations.
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Bound, Mark George. "Nation-State Personality Theory: A Qualitative Comparative Historical Analysis of Russian Behavior, during Social/Political Transition." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/33.
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The study theorizes that a nation-state can manifest a condition similar to that of personality commonly associated with humans. Through the identification of consistent behaviors, a personality like condition is recognizable, and the underlining motivations dictate national policy independent of any current social/political influence. The research examines Russia during two historical periods examining the conflict events and social/political transitions of the period, to identify common behavioral characteristics, which indicate the existence of any independent personality like trait.
The study focuses on two historical periods: the Monarch Period of Peter I (The Great), and the Post-Soviet Union period of Vladimir Putin, periods selected as historical eras in which Russia experienced major political or social transition. Using a comparative qualitative historical analysis with a behaviorist focus, the research examines these periods by profiling each era’s elements of society and the events of domestic and international conflict that Russia experienced, while evaluating the actions taken in response to each.
The research discovers that Russia exhibits personality like traits, similar to those associated with humans and are likewise developed from experience, and once imbedded into Russian psychology, regardless of the current social/political elements or situational conditions, remain prime motivators to Russian behavior. The personality like characteristic identified was similar to inferiority, which leads to behavior characteristics comparable to narcissism, as the definition of narcissism relates to the need for admiration and or acceptance. The study identified the origins of the inferiority like complex and the narcissistic like behavior pattern exhibited by Russia in both periods.
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Bottenberg, Dennis. "A Conflict Theory and Historical Analysis on the Causalities of Terrorism : And the causes of the 9/11 attacks as a case study." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-79668.
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Kadlecová, Veronika. "Propaganda in International Relations: A Case Study of the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-202088.
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The thesis identifies and further examines the role of propaganda in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, more specifically in the period around the annexation of the Crimean peninsula by the Russian Federation in March 2014. Critical discourse analysis is employed in order to analyse selected speeches of the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, and the President of the United States of America, Barack Obama, relevant to the topic and in the period under investigation. The first chapter introduces a theoretical framework on propaganda in international relations, its definition, history and research. The methodology is described in detail in the second chapter. The historical context of the conflict is provided at the beginning of the empirical part of the thesis closely followed by a detailed analysis of the selected speeches. The findings support the prediction that there is a presence of propaganda identified within the speeches of both political leaders, thus in the conflict itself, and offer valuable insights into the hidden meanings and possible motives behind its use. The study advances our understanding of the phenomenon and helps us to expose and confront propaganda further.
Books on the topic "Historical Conflict Analysis"
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McPherson, Darren G. Patterns in conflict: An historical analysis of PRC crisis/conflict management based on Chinese perceptions of sovereignty and national strategic frontiers. Naval Postgraduate School, 1998.
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Preventive attack and weapons of mass destruction: A comparative historical analysis. Stanford University Press, 2006.
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Alent'eva, Tat'yana. Public opinion in the United States on the eve of the Civil war (1850-1861), was. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1068789.
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The monograph first examines American public opinion as a major factor of social and political life in the period of the maturing of the Civil war (1861-1865 gg.). Special value it is given by the study of the struggle in the South and in the North, consideration of the process of formation of two socio-cultural models. 
 On the wide canvas of the socio-economic and political history in the monograph analyses the state and development of public opinion in the United States, sequentially from the compromise of 1850, a small civil war in Kansas, the uprising of John brown, of the maturing of "inevitable conflict," the secession of the southern States to the formation of the southern Confederacy and the Civil war. Reveals a fierce struggle, which was accompanied by the adoption of the compromise Kansas-Nebraska and the Supreme court decision in the Dred Scott case of 1857, which annulled the action of the famous Missouri compromise. Special attention is paid to the formation of the Republican party and the presidential elections of 1856 and 1860
 Shown, as were incitement to hatred between citizens of the same country, which were used propaganda and manipulative techniques. The totality of facts gleaned from primary sources, especially the materials about these manipulations give an opportunity to look behind the scenes politics that led to the outbreak of the Civil war in the United States, a deeper understanding of its causes.
 For students of historical faculties and departments of sociology and political Sciences, and anyone interested in American history.
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Patterns in Conflict: An Historical Analysis of PRC Crisis/Conflict Management Based on Chinese Perceptions of Sovereignty and National Strategic Frontiers. Storming Media, 1998.
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Historical Analysis of the Battle of Little Bighorn Utilizing the Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation (JCATS). Storming Media, 2004.
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Goldstein, Lyle. Preventive Attack and Weapons of Mass Destruction: A Comparative Historical Analysis. Stanford University Press, 2005.
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Ware, Anthony, and Costas Laoutides. Myanmar's 'Rohingya' Conflict. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190928865.001.0001.
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Myanmar's Rohingya Muslims have been subject to human rights abuses, been denied citizenship, and most recently, faced ethnic cleansing. Well over half the Rohingya population who use to live in Myanmar have been displaced by violence, with over a million Rohingya refugees now sheltering in Bangladesh. This conflict has become a litmus test for change in Myanmar, a country in transition, and current assessments are far from positive. Whitewashing by the military, and a refusal by Aung San Suu Kyi's government to even use the name 'Rohingya', adds to international skepticism. This book explores this long-running tripartite conflict between the Rohingya, Rakhine and Burman ethnic groups, and offers a new analysis of the complexities of the conflict: the fears and motivations driving it and the competition to control historical representations and collective memory. By exploring these competing narratives in detail and interrogating their historicity, by offering detailed sociopolitical analysis of the conflict dynamics against models of conflict in the literature, and by examining the international dimensions of the conflict, this book offers new insights into what is preventing a peaceful resolution to this intractable conflict.
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Helgen, Erika. Religious Conflict in Brazil. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300243352.001.0001.
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This innovative study explores the transition in Brazil from a hegemonically Catholic society to a religiously pluralistic society. The book shows that the rise of religious pluralism was fraught with conflict and violence, as Catholic bishops, priests, and friars organized intense campaigns against Protestantism. These episodes of religious violence were not isolated outbursts of reactionary rage, but rather formed part of a longer process through which religious groups articulated their vision for Brazil's national future. The book begins with a background on Catholic–Protestant relations in the Brazilian Northeast. It suggests a new religious history of modern Latin America that puts religious pluralism at the center rather than at the margins of historical analysis. In doing so it seeks to understand the ways in which religious competition and conflict redefined traditional relationships between church and state, lay and clergy, popular and official religion, and local and national interests.
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Jaising, Indira, and Pinki Mathur Anurag, eds. Conflict in the Shared Household. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199489954.001.0001.
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The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (PWDVA) was enacted following a concerted campaign by the Indian women’s movement. The Lawyers Collective authored the law in consultation with women’s groups from across the country. Contributors to this volume address critical and hitherto less addressed areas pertaining to domestic violence and the law in India. The volume is divided into three parts. Part I includes chapters that cover the nature of structural inequality that perpetuates and condones domestic violence as a lesser ‘wrong’ or ‘crime’ and present the historical background to the fight against domestic violence in India, focusing on legislative developments. Part II presents essays around critical issues such as ‘right to residence’, marital rape, rights of cohabitees or ‘relationship in the nature of marriage’, secular nature of the PWDVA and its harmonious existence with personal law and criminal law. Analyses in this section reflect international standards in addressing domestic violence and present in-depth debates. Research studies in Part III engage with the expectations from the PWDVA and its enforcement through analysis of court orders that indicate the nature of relief sought by women, forms of domestic violence complained against, orders passed by courts and the multiagency response system created under the PWDVA, indicating the nature of services available to the domestic violence survivors. Areas where the PWDVA has been successful in providing protection and relief from domestic violence have been presented alongside challenges yet to be overcome, such as response mechanisms and budgetary constraints in its implementation.
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Sanabria-Pulido, Pablo, and Nadia Rubaii, eds. Policy Analysis in Colombia. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447347712.001.0001.
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This book is an innovative and systematic overview of policy analysis in Colombia and an instructive view of how it might help studies elsewhere. It casts new light on Colombia in a systematic overview of policy analysis for an international audience. Examining the historical development and current status of policy analysis as a field of study and in practice, the book considers public policy analysis in government and the judiciary, and across domains including health, education and the military. Chapters delve into Colombia's notable success in economic regeneration, the management of cultural diversity and the resolution of long-term internal armed conflict. Not just an important summation of policy analysis in Colombia, the book also provides insights and lessons applicable elsewhere.
Book chapters on the topic "Historical Conflict Analysis"
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Peleg, Ilan. "Transforming Ethnic Orders to Pluralist Regimes: Theoretical, Comparative and Historical Analysis." In Democracy and Ethnic Conflict. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230523258_2.
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Aguilera-Carnerero, Carmen. "“Who Wants to Sterilise the Sinhalese?” A Discourse-Historical Analysis of Extreme Speech Online in Post-War Sri Lanka." In Discourse and Conflict. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76485-2_9.
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Coulie, Bernard. "The Quintessential Conflict — A Cultural and Historical Analysis of Nagorno-Karabakh." In Europe’s Next Avoidable War. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137030009_4.
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Evans, Malcolm D. "Historical Analysis of Freedom of Religion or Belief as a Technique for Resolving Religious Conflict." In Facilitating Freedom of Religion or Belief: A Deskbook. Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5616-7_1.
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Rekers, Angela, and Jane Waters-Davies. "‘All of the Wild’: Cultural Formation in Wales Through Outdoor Play at Forest School." In International Perspectives on Early Childhood Education and Development. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72595-2_9.
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AbstractThis chapter takes the specific context of outdoor play in the Foundation Phase in Wales to explore how children’s activity and participation is mediated through the socio-material affordances of muddy puddles at forest school. The research was underpinned by the cultural-historical tradition of making visible the sociocultural practices and individual participation which shape the child’s experience within an educational setting. The discussion in this chapter is centred upon the following questions: During forest school sessions for pupils aged 4- and 5-years old, what conflicts may be surfaced as classroom teaching staff aim to meet Welsh Government expectations for both outdoor play and self-regulatory skills development? How do these conflicts shape the child’s experience of participating in outdoor play? The analysis draws upon data gathered during 8 months of fieldwork; audio-visually-recorded observations and video-stimulated interviews with classroom teachers and forest school leaders are used to consider an episode of conflict during play in a muddy puddle. We explore, from child and adult perspectives, the institutional values of the Foundation Phase, demands for reception year practice and subsequent expectations about children’s participation, highlighting the mediating messages being given about ‘how to be’ and what competencies are valued in the activity setting of mud play.
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Grindheim, Liv Torunn, Hanne Værum Sørensen, and Angela Rekers. "Outdoors and Nature in Pedagogical Practices and in Cultural Historical Theory." In International Perspectives on Early Childhood Education and Development. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72595-2_1.
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AbstractDespite the increasing awareness of the outdoors as a beneficial site for young children’s education, the status of outdoor activities varies in and within different cultures. Aiming to broaden and challenge presupposed understandings of education and care in the outdoors, we consider the empirical findings from all the chapters in this volume in order to identify a range of conditions for cultural formation in outdoor practices both within and between different cultures. Building on Mariane Hedegaard’s approach to cultural historical theory and Ødegaard and Krüger’s approach to cultural formation, our analysis is performed by identifying conflicts and alignments between the values and motive orientations of the individual and those interpreted from the contextual conditions and demands of institutions and society, particularly in relation to the perception of nature. In doing so, we depict how culture and nature are interrelated from a socio-cultural perspective, and argue that perceptions of nature shaped by institutions and society play a significant role creating conditions for cultural formation. The opportunity for play, learning and cultural formation in nature appears rich within all the represented cultural spaces described in this volume, although whether these opportunities are supported consistently within wider mainstream culture is regarded as an area of tension in some chapters. Based upon our analysis, we suggest that both pedagogical practices and cultural historical theory need to take the outdoors and nature into consideration when emphasising pedagogical practices for children’s play, learning and cultural formation.
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Sartori, Nicolò. "EU–Turkey Energy Dialogue: Moving Beyond the Accession Negotiations Framework." In EU-Turkey Relations. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70890-0_15.
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AbstractEnergy has long been perceived as a policy field where mutual strategic interests could lead to progressive policy convergence and enhanced cooperation between the EU and Turkey. This chapter evaluates the evolution of energy relations between the EU and Turkey, starting from early 2000s, paying specific attention to the key energy policies and the main bilateral dynamics in place in the energy domain. It analyzes the energy profiles and interests of Brussels and Ankara in order to evaluate whether or not the EU and Turkey have adopted mutually beneficial initiatives that foster convergence between the parties. Despite Ankara’s attempt to link energy cooperation primarily to the accession negotiations process, the EU has been able to keep the two tracks separated through the launch of parallel institutional initiatives which led to progressive policy alignment as long as the bilateral political conditions allowed it to maintain a structured dialogue. In recent years, the stalemate in accession negotiations and the rising tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean brought EU–Turkey energy dialogue to its historical low. Bottom-up technical and regulatory collaboration represents the most effective way to progress in bilateral energy cooperation, by decoupling energy dialogue from the formal accession negotiation process and underplaying the effects of high level political conflicts.
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Gold, Marina. "Conceptualizing Change in the Cuban Revolution." In Methodological Approaches to Societies in Transformation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65067-4_4.
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AbstractThis paper will consider two levels within the study of the Cuban revolution: the meta-narratives of change and continuity that determine the academic literature on Cuba and inform political positioning in relation to the revolution, and the methodological challenges in understanding how people in Cuba experience change and continuity in their daily life. Transformation and continuity have been the two dominant analytical tropes used to interpret Cuban social and political life since the overthrow of the Batista regime in 1959. For Cuban scholars and politicians, a focus on change in reference to what was Cuba’s reality before the Revolution is a continuous concern and a powerful discursive mechanism in redefining and reinvigorating the revolutionary project. Simultaneously, in periods of crisis throughout the 62 years since the revolution, the capacity to demonstrate continuity with revolutionary principles while developing new mechanisms to redefine the political project has ensured the revolution’s subsistence. Conversely, continuity and change are also harnessed by critics of Cuba’s current regime to articulate the ever-imminent collapse of socialism in the region. Change has been their main focus of concern during critical historic moments that affected the trajectory of the Cuban revolutionary project. From this perspective, change embodies a promise of progress and implies a movement toward liberal democracy and a pro-US foreign policy, while continuity denotes failure, stagnation, and repression. At the core of the analysis of change in Cuba lies a concern with the nature of the state. Ethnographic data reveals the partialities and contradictions people experience in their daily life and across time. Two elements of ethnographic experience are particularly informative: life histories that span across the revolutionary period, and generational conflicts surrounding political issues. I will focus on the life history of key informants and the generational conflicts that surround their experience, a well as their material contexts (their neighborhood, their house, their job), all of which help to elucidate the complexities of studying change within a permanent revolution.
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Ware, Anthony, and Costas Laoutides. "The Rohingya ‘Origin’ Narrative." In Myanmar's 'Rohingya' Conflict. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190928865.003.0003.
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Chapters Three and Four articulate the competing historical narratives and representations of memory sustaining Myanmar’s ‘Rohingya’ conflict. This chapter examines what the authors designate the Rohingya ‘Origin’ narrative, and interrogates it against the available historical record; the next chapter considers the Rakhine and Burman perspectives. Drawing on the concept of intractable conflict, this chapter commences with an assessment of ‘Rohingya’ written historical sources and their sociopolitical context, then presents an overview and critique of these historical accounts. The chapter summarizes the key narrative of Rohingya origins, examining their representation of various waves of Muslim migration in the distant past, seeking to establish the Rohingya as a national race with deep historical roots in Arakan—and a people integral to Arakan’s political and socioeconomic life until its 1784 conquest by the Burmans. The chapter then offers an analysis of the pre-colonial Muslim population, and assesses their perspectives about the origins of the contemporary conflict. The chapter thus documents and analyses Rohingya claims that various waves of settlers have been assimilated, over centuries, into what is now a single ethic identity with a strong historical connection to the land, and a distinct language, culture and history which should now be considered indigenous to the region.
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"Transferring Crimea from Russia to Ukraine: Historical and Legal Analysis of Soviet Legislation." In Law, Territory and Conflict Resolution. Brill | Nijhoff, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004311299_009.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Historical Conflict Analysis"
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Kolesnik, M., and E. Baranova. "Creation of the information system “Memorial plaques of Kaliningrad”: content analysis of the commemorative text." In Historical research in the context of data science: Information resources, analytical methods and digital technologies. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1796.978-5-317-06529-4/108-113.
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The article is devoted to the study of the role of memorial plaques as commemorative signs in the creation of a single “city text” of Kaliningrad. Based on the American resource Open Plaques, the most complete database of memorial plaques in Kaliningrad has been created at the moment. In the course of the analysis of the obtained material, it was found that the boards created in Kaliningrad over the past decades differ from those established in the Soviet period in thematic and artistic performance, the size of the non-verbal component of the text. This is how the plaques associated with preserving the memory of the heroes of local wars and armed conflicts are installed. Often, on updated plaques, the non-verbal component becomes larger, and the verbal text is supplemented with more specific information
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Kolesnik, M., and E. Baranova. "Creation of the information system “Memorial plaques of Kaliningrad”: content analysis of the commemorative text." In Historical research in the context of data science: Information resources, analytical methods and digital technologies. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1796.978-5-317-06529-4/108-113.
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The article is devoted to the study of the role of memorial plaques as commemorative signs in the creation of a single “city text” of Kaliningrad. Based on the American resource Open Plaques, the most complete database of memorial plaques in Kaliningrad has been created at the moment. In the course of the analysis of the obtained material, it was found that the boards created in Kaliningrad over the past decades differ from those established in the Soviet period in thematic and artistic performance, the size of the non-verbal component of the text. This is how the plaques associated with preserving the memory of the heroes of local wars and armed conflicts are installed. Often, on updated plaques, the non-verbal component becomes larger, and the verbal text is supplemented with more specific information
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Hernández Espino, Ana. "CULTURAL TRANSLATION BEYOND AN INTERDISCIPLINARY EXIT, A MEETING OF KNOWLEDGE." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end008.
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In a context of intercultural conflicts, of exclusive educational policies, it is necessary to create inclusive perspectives, enabling coexistence between different cultures. A Latin American educational framework rooted in neoliberal policies restricts creative gazes. Two doctoral researches carried out with a perspective of Popular Education, one in Mexico, Costa Rica, Argentina and Uruguay and another on a specific experience in Uruguay show the potential of the emancipatory component. His socio-historical analyzes link the educational proposals with the historical evolution of their problems in relation to their contexts. Cultural translation is presented as one of the potentialities, where weighted popular knowledge is rescued by groups. Some socio-community referents have skills to know, understand and translate the demands. A training obtained from the analysis of the experience and knowledge of the groups stimulates decolonization processes.
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Minggu, Nur'ain, Latief Riyanto, Chang Siong Ting, et al. "Fiber Optic DTS and DAS as an Alternative Interpreted Intelligent Completions Extended Abstract." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21824-ms.
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Abstract This study aims to validate and track valve positions for all the zones applying recorded Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) and Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data interpretation in order to propose the best combination of downhole inflow control valve (ICV) openings, This is required to optimize Well X-2 multizone commingled production. Fiber DTS and DAS monitoring were relied on as an innovation against downhole conditions that has compromised the three out of four downhole dual-gauges and valve position sensors. For zonal water control purpose, ICV cycling and positioning have been attempted in 2019. The valve position tracking derived from the compromised downhole dual gauges and valve position sensors does not tally with the surface flow indication overall. Consequently, the original measurement intention of the permanently installed distributed fiber-optic which served as back-up zonal-rate calculation profiling and as potential sub-layer flow-contribution indicators is brought in as contingency zonal valve-opening tracking and guides that proved valuable for subsequent production optimization. First part of study involves interpretation of Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) data. Downloaded DTS data is depth matched and validated against known operating conditions like time of each cycling stage and surface well test parameters (i.e. Liquid Rate, Watercut, Tubing Head Pressure (THP), Total Gas, Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR)), etc. To establish a baseline, several DTS traces of historical operating condition during a known stable period were selected, i.e. stable flowing condition at only Zone 4 stable shut-in condition at surface with only ICV Zone 4 is opened Downhole valve-position tracking can be interpreted alternatively from induced fiber temperature activities across the valve depth with a good temperature baseline benchmarking from DTS temperature profiling. Second part of study involves interpretation of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) data. The data was acquired under single flowing condition one month post-ICV cycling. Without any changes made on the well operating conditions, the well is flowing under same condition post ICV cycling. Inflow point detection using joint interpretation of DAS and DTS, where simultaneously DAS spectral content (depth-frequency) was analysed alongside DTS traces to further discriminate between inflow and other noise sources. Through i) acoustic amplitude analysis, ii) DTS inversion, iii) noise speed and flow speed computation, composite production allocation can be derived for Well X-2. Using the alternative co-interpretations based on fiber temperature and acoustic measurement, it is found and validated that Zone 1 ICV is Closed, Zone 2, 3 and 4 are in opened position and continuously producing at any cycles. This is in conflict of zonal production control understanding initially based on the compromised downhole sensors indicating that all the zonal valves are supposedly in fully closed position. In this case-study, DTS and DAS data has been proven useful and as an innovative, alternative monitoring to determine downhole valve opening with analogue to flow contribution derivation methodology. Therefore, anytime in the future where Well X-2 valves cycling is planned to be carried out, there is now a corresponding operating procedure that is incorporated onsite real-time fiber optic DTS and/or DAS data monitoring to validate tracked valves positioning.
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KONIECZNA, Jadwiga, and Dariusz KONIECZNY. "CAUSES OF SPATIAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN RURAL AREAS IN POLAND." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.127.
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Rural areas, defined as land outside towns, except industrial areas, account for over 93% of the area of Poland. They are attractive as a places of work, residence, leisure, as well as places where agricultural and non-agricultural business activities can be conducted. Agriculture is naturally associated with rural areas. Currently, apart from the agricultural function and (depending on the socioeconomic, natural or historical conditions) rural areas are also places of leisure, recreation, residence or industrial activities. This is a consequence of implementation of the concept of multi-functional development of rural areas, in which conditions are created for diverse business activities, while respecting environmental constraints. Such a multifunctional approach must take into account the interests of all parties to avoid spatial conflicts. Therefore, actions aimed at the development of rural areas should be based on an in-depth analysis of the value of the area under consideration, they should take into account natural conditions (soil, climate, terrain) of the land for conducting agricultural activities, but also take into account environmental, social and economic aspects. Objective and historical conditions affecting agriculture in Poland and the experience gained so far indicate that there is a need to change the spatial arrangement of agricultural areas. This is because of the characteristic features of agriculture in Poland, which include a disadvantageous structure of farms in terms of their area, small size of farms, insufficient technical infrastructure in villages and difficult soil conditions. Rural areas in Poland, including agriculture, are undergoing deep structural changes in regard to agricultural production, but also to farm size and layout, demographic and spatial structures as well as technical and social infrastructure. The changes taking place in rural areas in Poland are greatly affected by the Common Agricultural Policy in the European Union. As a member of the EU, Poland has been receiving aid since 2004 and has been implementing actions within Rural Development Programmes. The aim of this paper is to analyse the transformations that have been taking place in rural areas in Poland and to present selected factors and causes of the changes in rural spaces.
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Rodríguez Romero, Eva Juana, Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados, and Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro. "The role of historical green spaces in the identity and image of today’s cities: The case of Madrid." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5340.
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The role of historical green spaces in the identity and image of today’s cities: The case of Madrid Eva J. Rodríguez Romero¹, Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados², Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro3 1, 2, 3 Departamento de Arquitectura y Diseño. Universidad CEU San Pablo. Escuela Politécnica Superior, Campus de Montepríncipe. 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. E-mail: rodrom@ceu.es, carlota.saenztejada@ceu.es, rocio.santotomasmuro@beca.ceu.es Keywords: landscape history, proximity landscape, city iconography, sense of place, Madrid Conference topics and scale: Urban green space The image that a city offers when approaching it, depending on its topographical situation, the drawing of its borders or its urban form, generates a perceptive construction, for both locals and tourists, with the potential to become an iconic image and therefore play a part in the collective imagery. The character and value of those landscapes is largely determined by their green spaces, preserved in most European cities for their ecological or historical significance. Being able to recognize the worthiness of these proximity visions, in the context of today’s growing cities, is of fundamental relevance in order to enhance the sense of place, amongst other community values. In this communication we study the above-mentioned aspects in the image of the city of Madrid, within the framework of the project ‘Proximity landscapes of the city of Madrid. From the 19thC to the present’ currently in process. Through a landscape analysis of a selection of iconographic representations of the surroundings of the city, we draw special attention to the presence of historical green spaces throughout time, and its relation with architectural landmarks in the progressive construction of an iconic image of the city. From here, we can deduce the relevance that these elements have in the generation of a recognizable character and the decisive role of protection mechanisms in order to preserve it. References Lasso de la Vega, M. (2007) Quintas de recreo. Las casas de campo de la aristocracia alrededor de Madrid, 2Vol. (Madrid City Council, Madrid) Martínez, A. (2008). El entorno urbano del Palacio Real de Madrid entre 1735 y 1885 (Madrid City Council, Madrid). Ortega, J., Martínez, A. &amp; Martín, F.J. (2008) Entre los Puentes del Rey y de Segovia. Secuencias gráficas del río Manzanares (Madrid City Council, Madrid). Ramón-Laca, L., Tardío, F.J. (2005) ‘Vegetal products used in Madrid between the 14th and 19thC, Asclepio (LVII-2, 25-44. Wester-Heber, M. (2004) ‘Underlying concerns in land-use conflicts-the role of place identity in risk perception’, Environmental Science &amp; Policy, 7, 109-116.
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Papamichail, Theodora, and Ana Peric. "Informal planning: a tool towards adaptive urban governance." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/mcur1568.
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Formal planning instruments and procedures have often been unpopular and ineffective for solving complex spatial issues, such as urban sprawl or transport congestion. As a result, such conflicts turn into complex planning tasks that usually exceed the provisioned time and funding, especially when faced with adversarial interests of actors from different organisations, sectors or social groups. Hence, informal planning, as a non-binding supplement to official planning instruments, is often considered highly effective. In its broadest sense, informal planning includes the principles of collaborative dialogue, diverse networks, trustful relationships and tailor-made processes among interested parties. Consequently, informal planning processes foster sound decision-making delivering a spectrum of problem-oriented solutions and increasing public consensus, while enacting experimentation, learning, change, and the creation of shared meanings among stakeholders. However, informal planning cannot be taken for granted – it is strongly interwoven with the planning culture influenced by the historical and political background, and the current socio-economic conditions. This paper revolves around several pillars. After an introductory section, a brief historical overview firstly identifies the place of informal planning in various planning models that have appeared since the 1960s. More specifically, informal planning is analysed against the theoretical concept of collaborative rationality. Finally, the paper focuses on a specific informal planning procedure called the ‘test planning method’, being analysed against the previously elaborated theoretical background. As this instrument links both formal and informal planning, its comparison and interrelation with the theoretical background of collaborative rationality contributes to elucidating the following attributes of adaptive (collaborative) urban governance: 1) flexible and agile institutional arrangements supportive to various kinds of urban planning mechanisms (not only official tools), 2) proactive and imaginative planners ready to accept solutions created outside the technical domain of instrumental rationality, and 3) inclusion of numerous stakeholders to exchange various information and different types of knowledge, i.e. expert and experiential knowledge. Observed through the example of the test planning method, the article finally highlights the successful aspects of informal planning, however, pointing also to its shortcomings, which could be expected in the societies with a lack of key democratic elements
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Tricarico, Giuseppe. "Le fortificazioni litoranee di Terra d’Otranto: una panoramica sulle torri costiere della provincia di Lecce." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11471.
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The coastal fortifications of Terra d’Otranto: a panoramic view of the coastal towers in the province of LecceDuring the Modern Age we witnessed the birth, consolidation and decline of great powers that dragged numerous political and religious conflicts with them. The Mediterranean Sea, as area of contact between the most distant Empires, experienced an era of intense naval activity in the form of piracy, race wars and armed deterrence, spreading along its shores with coastal watch towers. The organization of the defensive coastal system took place in intimate relationship with the territory, strongly characterizing the coasts which for centuries have seen them as the unique anthropical presence. Their exclusively military character has, however, inhibited their reuse over time, arousing until a few decades ago the disinterest of the community and their disavowal of architectures worthy of protection. The knowledge of the historical events and the morphotypological characteristics of the Apulian system of coastal towers thus becomes the starting point for their acknowledgment as fundamental identifying characters of the territory, finalizing their study to the re-appropriation of these assets by the community as strategical vehicles for the transmission of the local history and its intrinsic values. The classification of the towers in the province of Lecce has made them the object of spatial and typological analyses produced with the help of the opensource software “Quantum GIS” and geo-referenced on the official cartographic bases.