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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Historical development'
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Jarotschkin, Alexandra. "Historical Experiments and Economic Development." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH083.
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Cette thèse étudie l'impact à long terme de politiques menées en Tanzanie et en URSS sur le développement économique et les représentations sociales et culturelles. Les deux premiers chapitres s'intéressent aux politiques de développement tanzaniennes connues sous le nom d'ujamaa. Le troisième aux déportations ethniques ordonnées par Staline pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le chapitre 1 s'intéresse à l'impact à long terme du statut "en développement" d'un village. Le chapitre 2 étudie l'impact de la diversité ethnique sur la confiance inter-ethnique, toujours en utilisant les ujamaa en Tanzanie. Le chapitre 3 étudie la propagation des valeurs et des cultures entre des populations différentes mises en contact par les déportations ethniques ordonnées par Staline<br>This dissertation studies historical experiments and their impact on contemporaneous economic development and attitudes. The first chapters explore different aspects of the big-push policies known as the ujamaa in Tanzania. The third chapter focuses on the ethnic deportations that were carried out under Stalin's orders during WWII. Chapter 1 studies the long-term impact of having been designated as developmental during the time of the ujamaa on local economic development, as proxied by night light luminosity. Chapter 2 examines the effect of ethnic diversity on inter-ethnic trust, exploiting the ujamaa-induced exposure of groups as part of the policy's villagization program. Chapter 3 studies cultural diffusion using an episode in history in which close co-existence of different cultural groups was exogeneously imposed in a real-word setting without constraints on the interaction between them: Stalin's ethnic deportations during WWII
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Franco, Creso. "Individual and historical development in science." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357013.
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Meier, Daniel John. "The Use of Primary Source Historical Documents, Historical Reasoning Heuristics, and the Subsequent Development of Historical Empathy." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/43556.
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Educational Psychology<br>Ph.D.<br>The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of primary source historical documents used in conjunction with the heuristics associated with historical reasoning (sourcing, corroboration, and contextualization) would lead to a subsequent development of historical empathy. Three intact groups (already formed history classes) from Northeast High School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania were studied throughout a baseline and four trials for this study. One group was designated as the experimental condition and received primary source historical documents as well as scaffolding of the historical reasoning heuristics of sourcing, corroboration, and contextualization. The next group was designated as the comparison condition which received the primary source historical documents but no scaffolding on the aforementioned heuristics. The final group was designated as the control condition and received traditional textbook instruction throughout the four main trials of the study. Results showed that mean scores of the heuristics involved in historical reasoning as well as historical empathy increased simultaneously for the experimental as well as the comparison group throughout the study, with the experimental group showing the highest mean gains. However, whether training in the historical reasoning heuristics of sourcing, corroboration, and contextualization lead to historical empathy cannot be conclusively proven from this current study.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Dalto, Fabiano Abranches Silva. "Government, market and development : Brazilian economic development in historical perspective." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/1911.
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In the last 30 years the World has been swept by neoliberal doctrine. Under neoliberal conceptions, freedom of the market mechanism has precedence in the process of development. Neoliberalism has had a major impact on the mindset of policymakers, on government strategies for development and on economic performance. This thesis is about the economic consequences of neoliberalism in Brazil. It approaches the problem from a historical perspective. By examining government economic strategies in Brazil from the 1930s through the 1970s it undermines a central neoliberal argument that government interventions in the economy are either inimical or irrelevant to economic development. While government failures did occur indeed, in the Brazilian case it is shown that the government performed a crucial role in this period in building key institutions that guided market forces towards industrial transformation. Since the mid-1970s, Brazil has been a laboratory for neoliberal economic policymaking. Restrictive macroeconomic policies alongside liberalised markets have been the cornerstones of policymaking. The second line of argument developed here is that neoliberalism has since constrained economic development in Brazil. During this period the country has been through several financial crises and has experienced low economic growth and unprecedented unemployment. Compared with the previous period of government-led development, neoliberal policies and institutions fall far behind in terms of overall economic performance. Thirdly, it is argued that under neoliberalism government policy and institutions in Brazil have been directed to satisfy rentiers’ interests at the expense of a socially acceptable economic development. Finally, this thesis calls for the reinstatement of discussion over the government’s role as an agent of a democratic, economic and social ransformation. This is a discussion that has been obstructed by neoliberal doctrine for too long.
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Wood, Nicholas Gylaw. "Mathematical analysis : a comparison of student development and historical development." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260653.
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Wheeler, Michael Wayne. "The historical development of Bethlehem's Messianic tradition." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1987. http://www.tren.com.
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Valevičius, Martynas. "Urban Lighting: Historical Development and Contemporary Trends." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100409_085152-85551.
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The subject of this scientific research is urban artistic lighting, analyzed herein as a means for highlighting the urban and architectural features and aimed at evaluation of aesthetic qualities of the nightscape depending on its illumination. Aesthetic (application and keeping to the beauty criteria) illumination development, contemporary trends and their influences on the nightscape formation is under analysis in the present work. Any psychological, physiological, ecological, economical, different technological and any other aspects are analyzed only in so far as they are related to the field of art criticism. The development analysis covers the entire history of human kind with the main focus being made on the period starting with electricity invention and spread of lighting, i. e. from the second half of the 19th century till nowadays, in foreign, as well as Lithuanian practice.<br>Darbo mokslinių tyrimų objektas – miestų meninis apšvietimas, kuris nagrinėjamas kaip urbanistikos ir architektūros požymius išryškinanti priemonė, siekiant įvertinti naktinio miestovaizdžio estetines kokybes ir jų priklausymą nuo apšvietimo. Nagrinėjama estetinė (grožio kriterijų taikymas ir laikymasis) apšvietimo raida, šiuolaikinės tendencijos ir įtaka naktinio miestovaizdžio formavimui. Psichologinis, fiziologinis, ekologinis, ekonominis, įvairūs technologiniai ir kiti aspektai nagrinėjami tik tiek, kiek yra susiję su menotyros sritimi. Raidos tyrimas apima visą žmonijos istoriją, tačiau dėmesys telkiamas į laikotarpį nuo elektros apšvietimo išplitimo, t. y. nuo XIX a. pabaigos, iki šių dienų.
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Webb, Ann L. "The historical development of sport in Fiji." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280883.
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Gould, Kate. "African development : the historical context of NEPAD." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3774.
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Shinn, Melody Carol. "The contemporary development of a historical building /." Online version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12172.
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Lynch, Gerard C. J. "English gauged brickwork : historical development and future practices." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10689.
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Traditional brickwork, of quality materials, well detailed, and built by good craftsmen, requires little maintenance throughout its life. Inevitably, older buildings face varying degrees of maintenance and change, including repair of brick fabric. Many of these buildings might incorporate cut and rubbed brickwork, and gauged enrichments, of architectural, historic, and social significance. It is therefore vital that cut and rubbed and gauged work is carried out in a fully informed manner so as not to adversely affect the character, integrity, and structural stability of the building. This thesis investigates the development and the technical aspects of cut and rubbed, and gauged work, and re-examines historic materials, craft tools, and techniques that have fallen from use, and which played a significant role in the execution of post-fired worked brickwork. The design and construction of a small-scaled gauged niche masterpiece - historically considered to be the supreme test of a craftsman bricklayer - has been undertaken using traditional materials, tools and techniques. Historic and contemporary rubbing bricks have been tested and anlaysed. The cutting and rubbing performance of contemporary rubbing bricks was found to be inferior to their historic counterparts, being generally harder and more difficult to work. Microscopic examination has shown that historic rubbing bricks were fired at lower temperatures (7S0-900°C) than the modern rubbing bricks (-900°C). This has led to the bricks having very different physical properties, with the historic rubbing bricks, having significantly greater porosity and water absorption than the modern. Furthermore the historic rubbing bricks were shown to have a much finer texture, and contain significant quantities of reactive temper (chert and volcanic rock). This temper is believed to react with water to produce cements within the matrix, which may contribute to their overall durability. The information and experience gained from this exercise, combined with the interdisciplinary findings of this thesis, provides a contextual, historical, theoretical and practical understanding of cut and rubbed, and gauged brickwork for craft professionals to assess how it can be applied today, using the best of traditional and modern methods to achieve high-quality new work or succesfull conservation and repair.
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Wong, Fei Queenie, and 黃菲。. "Historical heritage and urban development in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260135.
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Giouli, Virginia M. "A Christian critique of theories of historical development." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358605.
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Hollocks, Brian W. "The historical development of simulation, and user needs." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239896.
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Pockrus, Jason. "The Saxophone in China: Historical Performance and Development." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248502/.
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The purpose of this document is to chronicle and describe the historical developments of saxophone performance in mainland China. Arguing against other published research, this document presents proof of the uninterrupted, large-scale use of the saxophone from its first introduction into Shanghai's nineteenth century amateur musical societies, continuously through to present day. In order to better describe the performance scene for saxophonists in China, each chapter presents historical and political context. Also described in this document is the changing importance of the saxophone in China's musical development and musical culture since its introduction in the nineteenth century. The nature of the saxophone as a symbol of modernity, western ideologies, political duality, progress, and freedom and the effects of those realities in the lives of musicians and audiences in China are briefly discussed in each chapter. These topics are included to contribute to a better, more thorough understanding of the performance history of saxophonists, both native and foreign, in China.
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Wong, Fei Queenie. "Historical heritage and urban development in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21042056.
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Lee, Karen M. "The historical development of Zimbabwe's museums and monuments." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15127.
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The history of Zimbabwe's museums and monuments begins with the coming of British settlers to the colony of Rhodesia in 1890. By 1902 Rhodesia had one fully functional museum called the Rhodesia Museum. This museum concentrated on geology and natural history, two areas that the new colonists were anxious to explore and exploit in order to build up the country's young economy. In 1936 the Rhodesia Museum was nationalised and in the next twenty years two more museums were added to the National Museums of Southern Rhodesia organisation. Although the museums emphasised their objectivity as research and educational centres they also followed government policies that promoted white colonial culture over that of the indigenous black population. This suppression of the African heritage was more marked in the settlers' attitudes towards the country's monuments. At Great Zimbabwe and Matopos, both traditionally significant for local blacks, the white colonists supported interpretations that justified their rale over the African and rejected any involvement of the black tribes in the history of these two monuments. During the 1950s the museums and monuments conformed to the white administration's agenda and took an increasingly biased stand against the Africans, who had started to demand a greater say in the government of Rhodesia. By the time civil war broke out between black and white Rhodesians in 1966, these cultural organisations had become political tools for the colonial cause. This made their situation difficult when after fourteen years the black nationalists won the right to rule Zimbabwe. However, because of their unique ability to mirror the political, social and economic circumstances of the country the museums and monuments remain important contributors to Zimbabwe's cultural history and heritage.
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Henderson, Stuart Samuel Joseph. "Historical reflections on religion, finance and economic development." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2017. https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/historical-reflections-on-religion-finance-and-economic-development(2acf0ffa-c547-4aa7-8e25-af0a42380f1d).html.
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This thesis investigates the role of religion in historical economic and financial development. Attention is directed to Ireland and the Netherlands, focusing mainly on the 1861–1911 period. Both polities provide an interesting testing ground for religion-related inquiry: Ireland where a Catholic majority ceded economic power to a Protestant minority, and the Netherlands where a process of "pillarisation" divided society into distinct socioeconomic strands by religion and ideology. In the Irish case, evidence is presented that points to an economic convergence between Catholics and Protestants in the post-Famine era in what might be described as a "Catholic embourgeoisement". However, further evidence, presented at the individual level for 1911, suggests a residual human capital gap between Catholics and Protestants, even after controlling for a variety of relevant underlying socioeconomic variables. As such, while Catholics may have closed the gap with Protestants, religion still remained significant for economic variation in Ireland by the turn of the century. This temporal dimension is reemphasised in the Dutch case where Catholicism appears to have been an important catalyst for the emergence of financial cooperatives, but is less relevant for their subsequent performance.
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Marchegiani, Christopher A. "Conceptualising personal and historical nostalgia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2252.
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The purpose of this research was to extend the knowledge on two distinct types of nostalgia; Personal and Historical. Previous empirical research has studied nostalgia only as a unified concept. Two scales were developed and validated to measure these responses independently of each other. Hypotheses were developed based on extant literature which postulated significant changes in cognitive, emotional, attitudinal, and intention responses as a result of the response type. A model incorporating these consumer reactions was extended and tested. Finally, the effects of varying intensities of the two response types were explored independently of each other.An experimental research design was used with a sound methodology developed though previous studies. A variety of statistical techniques deemed appropriate for each step of the analysis was used. These included both qualitative and quantitative techniques including structural equation modelling and multivariate analyses.Results show significant differences in the consumer behaviour responses examined as a result of the type of nostalgic response being elicited. The examined responses of cognition, emotions, attitudes, and intention are of high significance to academics and managers alike. In terms of comparing Personal and Historical Nostalgia to one another, Personal Nostalgia had a tendency to be more beneficial in the majority of consumer reactions. A model of these reactions was successfully extended and shown to differ between the conditions illustrating the need to explore these reactions independently. Varying levels of intensity of each specific nostalgic response type were shown to have significant effects on the examined consumer behaviour responses also. As a very general statement of the findings, it was found to be worthwhile to raise the levels of Personal or Historical Nostalgia to as high a level as possible to significantly positively alter emotions, attitudes, and intention. However, although significant cognitive changes were seen between low and mid levels of each nostalgic reaction, moving to a high level was found to have no significant impact on cognitive reactions.The most significant contributions of the research are the development of the two specific scales independently of each other through seven studies, and substantiating the hypothesised differences between the two responses with empirical evidence. These findings bridge many important gaps in the literature. Personal and Historical Nostalgia had previously only been conceptually discussed, with little to no empirical data, despite evidence of both types in the market place. The varying costs and benefits of evoking the two nostalgic responses, or varying levels of either, were unknown until now. This research results in several conceptual, methodological, and managerial implications especially valuable to academics, strategists, and industry policy makers. It also provides a solid foundation for numerous future studies.
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Ling, John Jing Dao. "The Historical Development of the Pipa’s Frets and Ledges." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28072.
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The pipa is a plucked stringed instrument with four strings or five strings that, in recent times, has become one of China's most prominent traditional music instruments. While the antecedents of the instrument were first introduced to China from India and Persia, and the pipa is thought to be related to other plucked lutes of the Middle East and Asia such as the oud and veena. , the pipa subsequently underwent a long and complicated indigenization process that is difficult to piece together from the historical record. One of the most significant but poorly understood changes to the instrument over the centuries has been changes in the number and form of the instrument’s frets (pin 品), the thin bamboo strips attached to the instrument’s soundboard, and ledges (xiang 相), the wooden pieces attached to the instrument's neck. Records illustrate that the pipa had four ledges (and no frets) in the Tang era, while today the pipa has six ledges and between 24 and 30 frets. The increases in fret and ledge number have been crucial in giving the a broader pitch range and increased versatility, but understandings of when and why these changes occurred remain limited.
This thesis explores the development of the pipa’s frets and ledges from the combined perspectives of historical research and performance. In the first two chapters I provide a brief introduction to the instrument's origin and overall structure, reviewing studies conducted by various scholars to better to understand the history and development of the instrument. I also draw on fieldwork data from sessions with the luthier Yang Ming (Beijing, 2019), to elucidate the processes of producing and affixing of frets and ledges on the contemporary instrument. The central three chapters (chapters 3-5) focus on the development of frets and ledges through score analysis and the performance of three selected works to explore the condition and development of frets and ledges at specific points in time. Chapter 3 considers the four-ledged Late Tang era (923-937) pipa, taking Pin nong (品弄) from the Dunhuang pipa scores as a case study. Chapter 4 is focussed on the four-ledged 10-fretted pipa of the mid Qing era (early 1800s), especially through a case study of The Warlord Disarms (ba wang xie jia 霸王卸甲) from the Hua collection. Chapter 5 turns to the changes in frets and ledges of the pipa since the beginning of the 20th century, with a case study on Terracotta Warriors (Qin yong 秦俑), a 1985 composition by pipa master Liu Dehai. The concluding chapter 6 integrates findings from throughout the thesis, demonstrating that the development of frets and ledges of the instrument contributed to the widespan in pitch range hence contributing to the emergence of new compositions and new extended techniques such as string bending, artificial harmonics and string exchange. The accompanying video-recorded lecture-recital enables me to discuss performance-based findings that are difficult to convey in a written text.
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Glover, Michael John. "Development as unfreedom : the role of mine migrant labour institutions as agents of development in the Transkei, 1886-1980s." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13685.
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Early liberal historians predominantly criticised the migrant labour system for its economic irrationality. After high GDP growth and steady benefits from gold mining in the 1960s, Marxist scholars in the 1970s pointed to the destructive impact of the system. Since 1994, the challenge inter alia has been to forge a new developmental path for the economy. In 2012 the National Development Plan set out its aim to “eliminate poverty and reduce inequality by 2030”.1 This is the challenge. For the country or region to ‘develop’ and eliminate ‘poverty’ we need to know what we are trying to eliminate and what our development is trying to achieve. This thesis examines the migrant labour system in the Transkei through a lens of development and asks how and to what extent the system inhibited the development of the Transkei and its peoples. Using Amartya Sen’s conception of development - which sees development as a process of expanding social, political, and economic freedoms/capabilities - this thesis offers a view of migrant labour institutions in terms of how they created and engendered deprivation and unfreedom in the Transkei. It is an attempt to understand our ‘developmental past’ and to understand how development in the Transkei has been frustrated and inhibited by formal institutions. Amartya Sen’s notions of ‘development’ and ‘deprivation’ offer an autonomy- and freedom-centred approach to thinking about poverty and development. Specifically the thesis examines the nexus of formal institutions underpinning the migrant labour system - including state laws, the Native Affairs Department, and the Native Recruiting Corporation - in terms of how they acted to inhibit the development of mineworkers and labour exporting regions like the Transkei.
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Inaba, Hajime. "Historical investigations into the development of classical statistical mechanics." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199009.
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MacPherson, Allen. "Recreational trails in Ontario, historical development and policy options." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21693.pdf.
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Poon, King-lai, and 潘景鼐. "Historical development of the correctional services in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975586.
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Kaki, Abdul Aziz A. "Reconstructing the historical development of Al-Madinah Al- Munawarah." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/149.
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Lewis, James David 1950. "The Historical Development of Higher Education in Ellis County." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278730/.
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Ellis County has been the home to one or more institutions of higher education almost since its existence as a county. The attraction for these schools to Ellis County included one or more of the following: a small town atmosphere and setting, a proximity to large centers of population, a strong economy based largely on agriculture, a dry county (free from alcoholic sales) except in Ennis, a strong religious influence, and a desire for educating the citizens of the county. The early schools included: Waxahachie Academy, Marvin College, South West Normal College, Waxahachie Institute, Ferris Institute, and Polytechnic Academy. They were all entrepreneurial in nature. Located in every part of the county, they provided college level work, while some provided all levels of education. The next three schools, Texas Presbyterian College for Girls, Trinity University, and Southwestern Assemblies of God College, were religious in nature. Trinity and Southwestern were both located in Waxahachie and Texas Presbyterian located in Milford was a college for girls only. Navarro College is the only public institution and is a two-year community college. The benefits to Ellis County as a result of the establishment of these institutions of higher education can be seen by their continuing existence and influence. The foresight of the many individuals involved in higher education in Ellis County has contributed greatly to the development of the citizens of its communities. The efforts of these institutions have lead the way for today's challenges in higher education in Ellis County. The citizens of the county will be better prepared for the next century because of the prior and continuing existence of higher education in Ellis County. With the locating of the Superconducting Super Collider in Ellis County, the future for higher education seems very bright. The history of higher education in Ellis County is an ongoing process, continually expanding and moving forward.
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Watkins, Fred P. "Independent Feature Filmmaking: the Historical Development of Current Methods." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500788/.
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The historical development of independent filmmaking has led to a situation in which an independent filmmaker must do two important things to achieve distribution and success. The filmmaker should continue study and mastery of the skills and methodologies needed in development, pre-production, production, post-production, and distribution. These skills and methods help the filmmaker to produce a quality film. The most important thing the filmmaker can do is to see that the film conforms to the Hollywood narrative standard. This standard is ingrained in a majority of the audience and deviation usually meets resistance. The standard not only includes story structure, but the use of name actors and some elements of physical action.
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Mustard, Andrew Gordon. "James White and SDA organization : historical development : 1844-1881 /." Berrien Springs (Mich.) : Andrews university press, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb356941037.
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Poon, King-lai. "Historical development of the correctional services in Hong Kong." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12840701.
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Tamang, Milan. "Administrative development in contemporary Darjeeling hills: a politico historical analysis." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1286.
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Urdziņa-Deruma, Mara. "HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF HANDICRAFT EDUCATION IN GENERAL SCHOOLS IN LATVIA." 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科 技術・職業教育学研究室, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12065.
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Hasselgren, Björn. "Government's Role for Transport Infrastructure : Theoretical Approaches and Historical Development." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-123626.
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This thesis analyzes and discusses the development of the Swedish government’s role as owner and financier of roads and railroads from the 1930s until the 2010s. The influence on the development of the government’s role from two main theoretical paradigms is discussed and analyzed. These are: a) neoclassical and welfare economics; and b) new institutional economic theory with an organizational focus. The thesis shows that there has been a shift from an institutional view on the organization and financing of the road and railroad systems following the nationalization in the 1930-40s, to a view more based on welfare economics from the 1970s. Technology, economics and politics are three important factors influencing the development of the transport systems and of the government’s role. In the thesis these factors are covered in a co-evolutionary approach applied for analysis of the historical development. This approach connects to a dynamic view on organizations and firms in institutional theory. Over time there have been shifts in the strength of the factors (technology, economics and politics) influencing the development. There have also been controversies around financing principles and contradictions between different elements in the policies actually pursued over time. One such controversy has been whether to aim for full cost coverage or for marginal cost coverage. The thesis discusses how planning and coordination in the transport infrastructure sector can come about. A centralized public sector planner mode is contrasted towards a private sector spontaneous ordering mode. It is argued that it is difficult for a centralized planner to collect the necessary information and transform it into deepened knowledge in order to coordinate. A decentralized spontaneous ordering mode might though allow for including the necessary knowledge. The thesis illustrates a number of trade-offs that must be taken into consideration when discussing a possible future development for transport infrastructure and the government’s role. The following aspects are discussed: - the balance between public and private as the basic organizing principle; - the balance between government and regions/local governments when it comes to - the geographical division of responsibility; and - the balance between the national and EU levels for strategic transport infrastructure planning and coordination, also in relation to spontaneous coordination and centralized planning. The government has acted reluctantly and pragmatically and gradually developed its ownership role and the general policies in the sector. The government’s emphasis on market failure as its basic assumption has become stronger over time. The thesis brings a deepened understanding of the long-term development of the government’s ownership and policy formation in the transport infrastructure sector in relation to the two theoretical paradigms. This combination of a historical view with the theoretical economic background gives new insights into the past and future of the government’s role for transport infrastructure.<br><p>QC 20130614</p>
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Reeves, Julie Dawn. "The historical development of 'culture' in IR : word and concepts." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343016.
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Kart, Özlem. "A Historical Survey of the Development of Classical Probability Theory." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analys och sannolikhetsteori, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-359774.
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Cooks, Michael J. F. "The Historical Development and Future of the Southern Bible Institute." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6121/.
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This study represents qualitative, historical research. The study documented the origins, milestones, and development of the Southern Bible Institute in Dallas, Texas. This study provided data leading to a better understanding of the impact of segregation on the African American religious community in Dallas, Texas. Data from this study also shows how African Americans responded to segregation in the area of theological higher education through the establishment of the Southern Bible Institute. The research methodology was heavily dependent on oral data from various sources and pertinent data were extrapolated from oral history interviews and historical, internal and external institutional documents. Analysis was based on accuracy, consistency and authenticity. Triangulation was the method used to determine the accuracy and authenticity of the oral interviews. The data were also analyzed for extrapolating factors that lend themselves to inclusion on an institutional assessment. Based on the factors extrapolated from the data and from a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis, an internal institutional assessment checklist was created to assist the leadership in evaluating various aspects of the school. It was concluded that the future seems bright for the Southern Bible Institute, but it is recommended that the administration leverage off identified strengths and establish a plan for addressing the weaknesses noted as a result of this study. The Southern Bible Institute warrants further research that will use the factors identified in this study as the basis for quantitative studies that will clarify the impact of particular factors on institutional growth.
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Revel, Linda Foxworth. "The Historical Development and Demise of the University of Plano." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332428/.
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The University of Piano was a private, liberal arts college with a campus in Piano, Texas and an extended campus in Frisco, Texas. The University was incorporated in 1964 under the original name of the University of Lebanon. Classes began in temporary space in downtown Dallas in 1964 and continued on its campuses in Piano and Frisco until the summer of 1976.
The University of Piano was comprised of two separate schools within the University: the School of Developmental Education and the Frisco College of Arts and Sciences. This study explores the curricula of both schools and the students and faculty who participated in both programs. This study focuses on the establishment, development and final closing of a wholly privately supported university which accepted both traditional college students and students whose basic academic skills or neurological development prevented their acceptance into traditional college programs. It addresses the history of the University, the roles of its leaders, and the lasting effects of its programs.
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Mays, Marilyn Elaine. "The Historical Development and Future of the National Technological University." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331714/.
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The National Technological University (NTU), a consortium of more than twenty American engineering schools, broadcasts courses produced at member institutions to professional engineers at corporate sites across the country. It is a nonprofit institution.begun in fall 1984 with headquarters in Fort Collins, Colorado, which offers only course work leading to the Master of Science degree in various branches of technology, or applied science. Students must be sponsored by their corporate employers who pay their tuition.
This is the first systematic examination of the instructional process at an educational institution created in response to the demands of the governmental and corporate sectors' technological needs. This study includes an attempt to explore the effectiveness of that instructional process and the use of computers in distance education at NTU and implications for institutions of the future.
This study focuses on distance education, corporate education, national universities and nontraditional institutions and the extent to which NTO exemplifies each of these concepts. It covers the organizational structure and methods of operation of NTU, and offers opinions of students, faculty, and other personnel associated with the institution as reflected by surveys, interviews, and the media.
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Kern, Ronald P. "The historical development of the Collin County Community College District." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332662/.
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This historical study focuses on the development and progress of the Collin County Community College District in its first five years. The educational philosophy, key policies, organizational structure, facilities, curriculum, and level of acceptance are examined as are faculty and student characteristics. This study addresses the local efforts leading to the creation of the district, the role of community and college leaders in its development and the District's unique features.
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Cooks, Michael J. F. Lumsden D. Barry. "The historical development and future of the Southern Bible Institute." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-6121.
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Paar, Donna L. "Chronological time development of primary students through art historical inquiry." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1991. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M. Ed.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1991.<br>Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2772. Abstract precedes thesis as [1] preliminary leaf. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [41-46]).
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Phang, Andrew Boon Leong. "The development of Singapore law : historical and socio-legal perspectives /." Singapore : Butterworths, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36677455r.
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Wilkinson, Paul. "The historical development of the port of Faversham 1580-1780 /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40198095z.
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Yang, Wai Yin. "The historical development of Cantonese opera in the Republican period /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?HUMA%202003%20YANG.
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Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 232-238). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Jian, Ke Yue. "Historical analysis of British welfare system :origin, development, and prospect." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953425.
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Shmelkova, G. M., and A. Boiko. "Development of Education, Science and Culture on Ukrainian Lands (Historical Aspect)." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/67314.
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Ukrainian education and science originate from the Х-ХІІ century,
the times of Kievan Rus when the first schools began to appear. The
history of the formation of the network of schools, the creation of powerful
enlightenment centers reflects the complex history of the formation of
Ukrainian state itself.
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McElvein, Elizabeth. "Discourses of Domination: A Comparative Historical Analysis of Development in Haiti." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/427.
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In this thesis, I seek to understand the historical process by which Haiti has become a site of economic exploitation and labor coercion. I identify a remarkable continuity in the justification of economic oppression at three historical junctures: the reestablishment of plantation production under Toussaint Louverture in 1800, the agrarian development projects implemented by the American occupation 1918 and 1929, and the IMF agricultural liberalization measures implemented in between 1986/87 and 1993/94. I argue that a violent and chronically unstable juxtaposition between “civilized” elites and “uncivilized” masses creates and sustains a political system of brutal exploitation. A racialized logic lies at the heart of the civilization fantasy and maintains the economic, political and cultural configurations of peasant and proletariat oppression in Haiti.
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LESCANO, ALVARO ESTEBAN COX. "LEGAL CAPACITY, HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT, AND FIRM SIZE: EVIDENCE FROM COLONIAL PERU." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34854@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>Neste artigo, nos concentramos num canal através do qual a capacidade do Estado explica as diferenças no desenvolvimento econômico: o efeito sobre as firmas. Seguindo a literatura de persistência histórica nos
analisamos o efeito da capacidade jurídica histórica, uma dimensão crucial da capacidade do Estado, sobre o tamanho e a estrutura das firmas ao longo do tempo. Esta relação é estudada para o caso peruano. Usamos dados dum censo histórico da administração do Estado realizado em 1793 para analisar
o efeito persistente da capacidade legal e, especificamente, dos tribunais coloniais, sobre os indicadores de desenvolvimento das firmas históricas e atuais. Mostramos evidências dum efeito positivo persistente e significativo da capacidade jurídica histórica sobre várias dimensões do desenvolvimento (tamanho e produtividade) e estrutura das firmas (grau de integração do mercado). Além disso, coletamos informações sobre raça e alfabetização de um censo populacional nacional realizado em 1876 e informações sobre a
distribuição inicial de empresas do registro de impostos em 1910. Nossas evidências são robustas a essas variáveis importantes destacadas na literatura, como capital humano, distribuição inicial de empresas e heterogeneidade racial. A presença dos tribunais coloniais parece ser a dimensão mais importante da capacidade jurídica. Em terceiro lugar, analisamos o efeito do colonial sobre a atual presença de capacidade legal como um potencial canal de persistência. Observamos que ter capacidade legal no passado afetou o custo relativo de investimentos subsequentes na capacidade do Estado durante o período republicano. Finalmente, temos evidências preliminares sobre a evolução diferente das normas formais e informais. Municípios com capacidade legal colonial afrouxaram os atritos financeiros e exigiram menos
crédito informal. Ao mesmo tempo, não há diferenças significativas nas condições para obter uma licença em funcionamento, uma característica relacionada à capacidade geral do Estado.<br>In this paper, we focus on one channel through which state capacity explains differences in economic development: it s effect over firms. We rely on the literature of historical persistence to analyze the effect of historical legal capacity, a crucial dimension of state capacity, over the size and structure of firms through time. This relationship is studied for the Peruvian case. We use rich data from a historical census of the state administration carried in 1793 to analyze the persistent effect of legal capacity, and specifically from colonial courts, over historical and current firms development indicators. We show evidence of a persistent and significant positive effect of historical legal capacity over several dimensions of firms development (size and productivity) and structure (degree of market integration). Also, we collect information on race and literacy from a national population census held in 1876, and information on the initial distribution of firms from the registry of taxes in 1910s. Our evidence is robust to these important variables highlighted in the literature like human capital, initial distribution of firms, and racial heterogeneity. The presence of colonial courts appears to be the most important dimension of legal
capacity. Third, we analyze the effect of colonial over the current presence of legal capacity as a potential channel of persistence. We observe that having legal capacity in the past affected the relative cost of subsequent investments in state capacity during the republic period. Finally, we have preliminary evidence on the different evolution of formal and informal norms. Municipalities with colonial legal capacity have loosened financial frictions and demand less informal credit. At the same time, there are no significant differences in the conditions to obtain a functioning license, a feature related to broad state capacity.
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Kitamura, Shuhei. "Land, Power and Technology : Essays on Political Economy and Historical Development." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131258.
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Land Ownership and Development: Evidence from Postwar Japan This paper analyzes the effect of land ownership on technology adoption and structural transformation. A large-scale land reform in postwar Japan enforced a large number of tenant farmers who were cultivating land to become owners of this land. I find that the municipalities which had many owner farmers after the land reform tended to experience a quick entry of new agricultural machines which became available after the reform. The adoption of the machines reduced the dependence on family labor, and led to a reallocation of labor from agriculture to industries and service sectors in urban centers when these sectors were growing. I also analyze the aggregate impact of labor reallocation on economic growth by using a simple growth model and micro data. I find that it increased GDP by about 12 percent of the GDP in 1974 during 1955-74. I also find a large and positive effect on agricultural productivity. Loyalty and Treason: Theory and Evidence from Japan's Land Reform A historically large-scale land reform in Japan after World War II enforced by the occupation forces redistributed a large area of farmlands to tenant farmers. The reform demolished hierarchical structures by weakening landlords' power in villages and towns. This paper investigates how the change in the social and economic structure of small communities affects electoral outcomes in the presence of clientelism. I find that there was a considerable decrease in the vote share of conservative parties in highly affected areas after the reform. I find the supporting evidence that the effect was driven by the fact that the tenant farmers who had obtained land exited from the long-term tenancy contract and became independent landowners. The effect was relatively persistent. Finally, I also find the surprising result that there was a decrease, rather than an increase, in turnout in these areas after the reform. Geography and State Fragmentation We examine how geography affects the location of borders between sovereign states in Europe and surrounding areas from 1500 until today at the grid-cell level. This is motivated by an observation that the richest places in this region also have the highest historical border presence, suggesting a hitherto unexplored link between geography and modern development, working through state fragmentation. The raw correlations show that borders tend to be located on mountains, by rivers, closer to coasts, and in areas suitable for rainfed, but not irrigated, agriculture. Many of these patterns also hold with rigorous spatial controls. For example, cells with more rivers and more rugged terrain than their neighboring cells have higher border densities. However, the fragmenting effects of suitability for rainfed agriculture are reversed with such neighbor controls. Moreover, we find that borders are less likely to survive over time when they separate large states from small, but this size-difference effect is mitigated by, e.g., rugged terrain.
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Darrington, Glenn P. "Tides of change : historical perspectives on the development of maritime archaeology." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13774.
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Maritime archaeology, as it is practiced underwater, is a widely misunderstood and controversial sub-discipline of archaeological research. Over the last fifty years this field has struggled to grow out of its professional infancy and it is only now becoming a well-established part of the mainstream. Although it has been stated that "archaeology is archaeology is archaeology," when it comes to maritime research underwater this has not always been the case. One reason for this has been the unique combination of past influences, which have helped to shape it, such as salvage, treasure hunting, sport diving, amateur archaeology, maritime history, cultural resource management, and classical studies. To address some of the problems facing the field today it is clearly beneficial to engage in a process of self-examination and awareness of its past development. This dissertation examines four important issues currently facing the profession of maritime archaeology underwater. These include its public perception, the relationship between sport divers and archaeologists, the professional marginalization of the field, and the conflict between professional salvors and archaeologists. To provide a context for this discussion, a historical overview of the field is presented. Subsidiary topics explored include commercial historic shipwreck salvage, the role of amateur archaeologists and sport divers, professionalism, ethics, the teaching of maritime archaeology in academia, theory, historic preservation legislation and cultural resource management. Information concerning these topics was gathered using an integrated approach of literature review, internet discussion groups, personal interviews and communications, and a formal survey questionnaire. Exploring these areas facilitated a general assessment of the last 40 years of maritime archaeology underwater and the development of proposals for its future. This innovative approach into the history and attitudes of professional underwater archaeologists will hopefully serve as a first step in a new and ongoing process, one which will benefit students, amateurs, and professionals alike.
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Wei, D. "Historical development of the pipa." Thesis, 1989. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/22154/1/whole_WeiDeng1987_thesis.pdf.
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The Pipo is a traditional plucked instrument, and originated from two separate precursors.
The first type of Pipa consisted of two major forms: the Qin Pipa and the Han Pipa. According to the historical records, the first type of Pipa appeared in ancient times (about 214 BC - 105 BC). The Qin Pi pa was an embryonic instrument and was developed from a percussion instrument called the Tao Gu. The Han Pipa was based on other older plucked instruments, such as the Qin, Se, Zheng and Kun Hou. The first type of Pipa was named the Ruan Xian in the seventh century AD.
The second type of Pipa originated in the Western Region. It came to northern China around the fourth century AD, and was introduced to southern China in the middle of the sixth century AD. This kind of Pipa had two major forms: the Crooked-neck Pipa and the Five-stringed Pipa. However, the Five-stringed Pipa disappeared from China around the tenth century AD. Only the Crooked-neck Pipa was developed on a larger scale.
Since Chinese ancient music traditions and Western Regions music tradition came together, the two kinds of Pipa influenced each other. Gradually, the Crooked-neck Pipa was replaced by the Classical Pipa. Historical material indicates that this process was completed around the fourteenth century AD.
Up to the nineteenth century, a wealth of traditional Pipa music was accumulated. The development of the Pipa in the twentieth century was greatly influenced both by Chinese folk music and western music of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The Classical Pipa was replaced by the Contemporary Pipa in the 1950s, and Chinese musicians have continued to make great advancements in all areas connected with the Contemporary Pipa.
The first chapter investigates, from a wide range of Chinese source material, the earliest historical backgrounds of the Pipa; the second and third chapters examine the development of the two precursors of the modern Pipa; chapter four focuses on the emergence of the single Classical Pipa, and in the final chapter the Contemporary Pipa is studied in terms of major structural developments, changes to playing techniques and its influence on present-day Chinese compositions.