Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Historical Heritage Management'

Compact Habitat Adapt looks towards an urban development, which can re-establish relevance into the core of cities, through functionality and holistic sustainability. Cities in South Africa share a complex history, one that is conserved in its architecture. The preservation and conservation of the built fabric have formed an assertive role in suburban sprawl and decentralization. The cities are left stagnant-unable to adapt or change to the needs and problems faced today, and very concerning problems predicted in the future. Vacancy and urban decay have become the identity of these cities as paradigm shifts occur. The obsolescence caused by the pursuit of a former identity of South Africa. The dissertation looks towards an architectural realm of the future, where architecture can no longer serve as an object, but an adaptable habitat. One that does not become obsolete in time, but grows and transforms with the changing city. It does not follow the principles of new and standing alone but merges with the existing. It becomes a collection of components, much like a machine, filling in the spaces between. Repurposing and reinventing the existing towards spatial, social, and environmental sustainability relevant to the present and future needs. Church square in the city of Pretoria translates the concerns of an urban fabric that has in some terms become irrelevant. The area shows an opportunity for further investigation of an architectural intervention that questions the current state of the city and its development policies.
Mini Dissertation (MArch (Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Architecture
MArch (Prof)
Unrestricted

Países como Portugal ou regiões como o Alentejo são amplamente conhecidas pela riqueza e diversidade do seu património. Colocados ante os desafios económicos e sociais vivenciados em regiões como esta, com altas taxas de desemprego, com uma consistente diminuição e envelhecimento da população, parece-nos relevante analisar de que maneira os recursos patrimoniais existentes na região, sejam eles culturais, arquitectónicos, mas também naturais, deveriam contribuir para inverter a tendência existente. Com este trabalho pretende-se discutir formas alternativas de gestão do património que passam pela necessária participação do Estado e de entidades privadas e que ambicionam a contribuição do património para o desenvolvimento económico e fixação das populações através da criação de emprego sem que tal represente dano para o património enquanto memória colectiva de um povo. De forma a aceder a dados concretos da região, recorrer-se-á a dados referentes aos Castelos de Evoramonte de Viana do Alentejo; ABSTRACT:Countries such as Portugal and the Alentejo region in particular, are widely known for the richness and diversity of its cultural and architectural heritage. Faced with economic and social challenges such as high unemployment rates combined with a shrinking and aging population, it seems relevant to analyze how existing resources in the region such as its cultural, architectural, but also natural heritage should contribute to reverse the existing tendency. This work intends to discuss alternative ways of managing the assets so that they are inclusive of both public and private entities to fully fulfill the need to include heritage in the regional economic development and establishment of populations, through the creation of employment, while preserving of collective memory of a people. In order to access specific data in the region, will use the data for the castles of Viana do Alentejo and Evoramonte

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo a reflexão sobre conceitos, relações e informações relevantes para a criação de uma ferramenta de auxílio um banco de dados dedicada à gestão de bens patrimoniais em rede. Para tanto, incorpora em seu escopo o cotidiano de trabalho no Centro de Gestão de Informação e Documentação do Acervo Artístico-Cultural dos Palácios do Governo do Estado de São Paulo. A proposta desse estudo é desenvolver um modelo de normatização no registro, tratamento e pesquisa em sistema de informação para a construção de ferramenta de auxílio na gestão de patrimônio artístico, cultural e histórico do Estado de São Paulo. A investigação situa-se em um campo interdisciplinar que envolve a Museologia, a História da Arte, a Ciência da Informação e a Administração. Como exercício prático, a pesquisa ora apresentada propõe um modelo de organização, fluxo e recuperação de dados que inclui: ficha de inventário; ficha de catalogação; fluxo de trabalho e instrumento de avaliação.
The present research aims at reflecting on concepts, relations and relevant information for creating an aiding tool - a database management system for patrimonial asset network. Therefore, in its scope it includes the daily work at the Information and Documentation Management Center of the Curatorship of the collections of the palaces of São Paulo State Government. The main purpose of this dissertation is to develop a regulatory model in registering, treating and researching an information system in order to build an aiding tool for managing the State of São Paulo artistic, cultural and historic heritage. Bearing this in mind, the course of this investigation is directed to interdisciplinary studies that encompass Museology, History of Arts, Information Sciences and Administration. As a practical exercise, the research shown here suggests a model of organization and recovery of data that includes: inventory card files, catalog card files, workflow, and evaluation tools.

Mestrado em Economia e Gestão de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação
Alterações legais e o desenvolvimento da construção resultantes da entrada de Portugal na União europeia foram os gatilhos para a introdução da arqueologia comercial no país. O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar este campo relativamente novo e, em particular, avaliar os seus mecanismos de inovação, aprendizagem e interação entre os diferentes agentes do seu setor de atuação. Foi realizado um estudo de caso com a empresa ERA Arqueologia, líder de mercado e muito atuante na divulgação científica entre pares e para o público em geral. Busca-se analisar de que forma a sua estratégia de comunicação consegue influenciar e promover o engajamento das comunidades nas questões do patrimônio e na capacidade de inovar na gestão do patrimônio histórico.
Legal changes and the development of the construction resulting from the entry of Portugal into the European Union were the triggers for the introduction of the commercial archeology in the country. The objective of this paper is to characterize this relatively new field and, in particular, to evaluate its mechanisms of innovation, learning and interaction among the different agents of its sector. A case study was carried out with ERA Arqueologia, a market leader and very active in the scientific dissemination among peers and the general public. It seeks to analyze how its communication strategy can influence and promote the engagement of communities in the issues of heritage and the ability to innovate in the Management of Historical Heritage
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Starting from a simple observation of apparent neglect, this thesis aims to explore the heritage of the land of Villa Ada, a city park in Rome Italy. To do so, this study relates historical narratives regarding this piece of land, from the earliest human presence to formation of the current park. The narratives help engage the reader with the past of this land, and to anchor it into the current landscape. An online survey was conducted to address how the park is perceived today and what meaning the visitors and neighbors associate to it. By connecting the past to the present, and then looking forward, this thesis can contribute in opening a discussion about Villa Ada’s fate and the strategies that can be implemented for its effective long-term management.
Partendo da una semplice osservazione di apparente abbandono, questa tesi mira ad esplorare il patrimonio del terreno di Villa Ada, un parco urbano di Roma. Per fare ciò, questo studio mette in relazione narrazioni storico-ambientali riguardanti questo terreno, dalla prima presenza umana alla formazione del parco attuale. Le narrazioni aiutano a coinvolgere il lettore con il passato di questa terra e ad ancorarlo nel paesaggio attuale. Nel contesto di questo studio, è stato condotto un questionario online per valutare come il parco è percepito oggi e quale significato i visitatori e i vicini vi associno. Collegando il passato al presente, e quindi guardando avanti, questa tesi può contribuire ad aprire una discussione sul futuro di Villa Ada e sulle strategie che potrebbero essere attuate per una gestione efficace a lungo termine.

This dissertation is devoted to an approaches, methods and tools for effective use of cultural capital as a source of municipal economic development in historical city. Cultural capital is an important source of region economic development; it is original, unique and part of each country and city wealthy, and that is why its effective use brings considerable economical benefit by increasing the attractiveness for tourists and investors. Cultural capital is the source of small and medium enterprises development. In this thesis is carried out the research of specific problems, to which faced the historical part of Tbilisi; are discussed the managerial and economical procedures which will contribute to the development of the historical part of Tbilisi.

Sustainability is one of the key challenges facing society in the twenty-first century. The adoption of sustainable practices in the heritage sector resonates with its long-established objectives to conserve and enhance the historic environment, although its implementation can also present significant dilemmas for the commodification, integrity, authenticity, accessibility and viability of these resources, particularly where sites are tourist attractions. The aim of this thesis was to investigate progress in the adoption of sustainable practices in heritage properties and sites in Devon and Cornwall. The findings were based on the compilation of an inventory of selected heritage resources; an extensive questionnaire survey of managers of historic houses and castles, historic churches, and museums and archives (416 responses), which investigated the extent of, and opinions about, sustainable management approaches; and semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with eight heritage managers, which probed key issues in much greater depth. The results of the research demonstrated some similarities with the adoption of sustainable practices in other sectors, such as the practical issues associated with costs and lack of knowledge. There were also some heritage-specific issues, such as perceived conflicts with protection duties, the consequences of being largely dependent upon volunteer staffing, and the institutional role of larger parent organisations, which have been overlooked in previous research. Most significantly, the results indicated that very few heritage sites produced sufficient surpluses to facilitate investment in sustainable practices that might ultimately enhance their financial viability and fund enhanced conservation activities. Future strategies for the sector as whole must therefore not only deal with capacity-building, such as access to information and training on sector-specific sustainable management, but also address the institutional factors governing heritage in the UK, such as strategic leadership, the most effective models for governance and funding mechanisms for sustainability, and the creation of local and regional heritage networks.

The major focus of this essay is the case study of the Voortrekker Monument Heritage Site in Pretoria, the introduction of a new management team in 1994 and the suggested manner in which the management could be improved. To place this particular case study in perspective, it was necessary in the first place, to look at the meaning of cultural resource- or heritage management and other related terms. It soon became apparent that no single term for this new discipline has been determined and that countries around the world differ greatly on this issue. South Africa uses the term Heritage Resource Management. An overview of cultural resources management (CRM) in other countries such as the U.S.A., Great Britain and some members of the Commonwealth, was also presented. Cultural resource management is a relatively new discipline in South Africa, and an historical overview, in which most of the relevant legislation was referred to, was undertaken. In comparison to other countries in the world, much less publications have been produced in South Africa. Most of these had been completed as dissertations or as papers for conferences. A detailed summary of all the relevant (directly or indirectly) legislation was compiled. In the last chapter, a case study of the Voortrekker Monument was undertaken. An attempt was made to provide adequate answers to the questions why?, how?, and who? should manage a heritage site. Answers to the question as to why a site should be managed, include the establishing of a cultural identity, the site's educational value, for research purposes and finally for its important role in the tourism industry. In the section on how to manage a site, aspects such as the identification and cultural significance of a site were discussed. The importance of a mission and a vision and key strategies, as well as policies were stressed. Resource management on the site includes conservation techniques, sustainable use and visitor management as well as heritage impact assessment. The site's financial management and the site's marketing were addressed in the last section. A heritage site must be managed by 'someone' and in the last section the 'who' (human resources) behind the management of the site, is discussed. Finally the hope is expressed that this dissertation will serve as a basis for a conservation management plan for the VTMHS and serve as a manual for other, similar heritage sites.
Dissertation (MA (Heritage and Museum Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Historical and Heritage Studies
unrestricted

Heritage was defined as “what we value”, or “what we wish to pass on to future generations”, that is to say, heritage is not only a product of the past but also a valuable process in a culture (Deacon, 2003). Furthermore, the relationship between nature and culture is a defining problem for recent debates over the meanings of heritage after The 1972 UNESCO Convention. There is a centuries-old aesthetic discourse in Western culture that treats natural landscapes as objects of beauty, and this has influenced designations of natural heritage beyond human occupants, with the result that they are often considered desirable to conserve with traditional management practice (West & Ndlovu, 2010). The main standard for identifying heritage sites in the Western tradition, particularly Britain, France and Germany during the 19th Century, has formed a tangible perspective which is architectural style and historical significance including different views of power and dominance of particular civilisation (Jokilehto, 1990; Smith & Akagawa, 2009). Recently, recognising the significance of garden heritage has brought awareness of the crucial inputs needed to manage still existing garden heritage and to understand what we already have lost. Garden heritage is a vague term, embodying cultural landscape and tangible landscape. Managing garden heritage is a very important issue in passing our heritage to future generations. The main purpose of this study is to fully integrate the principles of management for intangible garden heritage connecting fabric and intangible assets within the Byeolseo garden which is a unique traditional form of the Korean garden. This study is based on the use of complementary research methods to address the relationship between local government perspectives and international ‘best practice’ concerning garden heritage values with their tangible and intangible aspects. How people establish value of garden heritage was main question that drove this study. As the detachment between local communities and their garden heritage site and the vanish of gardener and head gardener, this study aimed to re-connect between them with strategy for understanding garden heritage sites that respects the public perception of garden heritage. The cases of Byeolseo garden shows that people generally understand garden heritage in terms of significances. This study classifies six significances of gardens, but public perception of garden heritage should be formed by complex of these significances rather than individual significance, which is mostly found to be unclear to the public in South Korea. Therefore, this study encourage that the importance of the public appreciation of garden heritage sites depend on understanding their significance.

xii, 124 p. : ill. (chiefly col.), col. maps
This thesis explores the complex relationship between heritage conservation and tourism in the Historic Center of Arequipa, a World Cultural Heritage Site in Peru. Although it has been recognized that tourism impacts the people and places where it occurs and, through this, it impacts the tourists' own experience, the challenge that tourism poses to efforts to conserve heritage resources is not always recognized. Even though heritage conservation efforts in Arequipa have been strengthened in the last ten years, tourism has been increasing steadily without appropriate planning, therefore challenging the desired balance between conservation and tourism in the historic center. The relationship between heritage conservation and tourism has been assessed, and tourism opportunities and threats for heritage conservation have been identified. Based on the existing Master Plan for the Historic Center of Arequipa guiding conservation efforts in the city, recommendations for conservation and tourism planning have been established.
Committee in charge: Robert Z. Melnick, Chairperson; Henry Kunowski, Member

Throughout history, the direct or indirect choice of preservation has resulted in the successful incorporation of tangible products of the human past into modern cultural environments. Within the current American historic preservation system, "significance" is used as a delimiter for identifying historic properties that are determined beneficial to the heritage of the American people. As defined under U.S. law, however, "significance" is attributed only to places and objects whose importance is limited within an historical or scientific framework. This thesis proposes that the significance of historic properties transcends the boundaries of these limited frameworks of importance, and demonstrates that the public benefits of preservation are maximized when history is reified through the modern-use of these places and objects as cultural resources for the current and future generations of the American people.

Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The undeniable importance of the asset value of historic garden as testimony and reference of past eras has been growing in Portugal through studies, publications and initiatives which reinforce its value recognition. Despite the advances and efforts made for the recovery of historic gardens, the recognition of its value is still far from general public recognition. This dissertation intends to be a contribution to an effective heritage management, based on the acknowledgement of historical gardens heritage importance and on its demands. The tourism integration emerges as a possible proposal for the achievement of such goals, in order to promote their protection, by assigning a use or a function since, in most gardens, is recognized the needed potential to implement a demanding tour. The main goals of this work are the analysis of the situation of Portuguese gardens, by data collection through a survey; the contribution for a database development for AJH, and the preliminary proposal of a Website, which intends to enable the creation of tourist routes through historic gardens, and promote de value of historical gardens in Portugal

Recovery from disaster is a challenging period for any community. Long-term recovery is important, especially in relation to the built heritage, but it is among the least explored phases of disaster. Identifying past problems is needed to reduce future recovery complications. This study investigates the long-term recovery of public and Non-Government Organizations (NGO) owned historic buildings after an earthquake in the light of chosen sustainability variables. It examines San Francisco after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake as a case study and analyzes time needs, community participation, and maintenance of historic character, to identify whether historic buildings faced special issues and the variables involved. The study uses different methods. It statistically compares data for a sample of public and NGO owned buildings in San Francisco and then analyzes the dynamics of recovery for three buildings that faced delays. The study has found that historic buildings faced delays in recovery but such delays were sometimes the results of major rehabilitation projects, thus having long-term benefits. There are many variables in the recovery process that delay historic buildings and can be addressed to reduce future delays, which are mostly results of the context, process, and players. Time needs for the recovery of buildings are affected by their function, damage level, and status. Also, the sustainability of the process needs to be addressed, mainly in terms of the way historic buildings are valued, and the degree to which such valuation allows them to be part of the heritage of the community at large.

Is the heritage sector equipped to prevent a crisis? Examining the tools, skills and management approaches necessary for the future protection of the historic environment in Wales. This thesis includes a portfolio of published works which demonstrate the variety of tools and skills available to and used by public and third sector managers of heritage over my professional career. The works reveal changes in approaches to management, differences caused by an increasingly devolved UK, how the social, political and economic climate in which the heritage sector must operate has affected management approaches and the development of some of the key issues faced by heritage managers today. This is a particularly difficult time for heritage and especially for third sector organisations. Whilst the heritage sector in Wales faces the potentially catastrophic impact of ‘Brexit’ there are also opportunities for developing new ways of working along with the implementation of the new Welsh legislative framework. This thesis asks if existing skills, tools and management approaches are sufficient to ensure a sustainable future for heritage and particularly for the public and third sector heritage organisations in Wales. Unless current issues and management approaches are addressed through these opportunities by all those with a responsibility for managing our historic environment, we may be unprepared and ill-equipped to face a potential crisis for heritage.

La thèse porte sur l’optimisation de la gestion du patrimoine culturel et historique à l'aide des méthodologies avancées d'inspection tout en s’appuyant sur le projet HeritageCare.La réponse à cette problématique est posée en cinq chapitres : (1) un état de l’art des méthodologies de gestion préventive, du projet HeritageCare et de l’identification de l’état de dégradation, (2) la mise en place de la méthodologie générale de la gestion préventive décomposée en quatre étapes (l’anamnèse, le diagnostic, la thérapie et le contrôle), (3) la proposition de modèles d’agrégation (4), les résultats de l’application de la démarche de gestion préventive et enfin (5) ceux de l’application des modèles. Ces derniers permettent de hiérarchiser les bâtis sur la base de 37 critères organisés en sous critères et indicateurs, de mettre en évidence la prise de décision des propriétaires sur la base de matrice de criticité combinant les valeurs des indicateurs, de déterminer la durée de vie résiduelle des bâtis sur la base de courbes d’altérations, de proposer et de hiérarchiser des actions de maintenance en s’appuyant sur une base de données développée. La méthodologie est illustrée par son application à quatorze bâtis représentant le patrimoine culturel et historique français
The objective of the thesis is to optimize the management of cultural and historical building heritage using advanced inspection methodologies with HeritageCare project.The answer to this problem is detailed in five chapters: (1) a state of the art of preventive management methodologies, the HeritageCare project and the identification of the state of degradation, (2) the implementation of the general methodology on preventive management is decomposed into 4 steps (anamnesis, diagnosis, therapy and control), (3) proposal of aggregation models (4), results of the application of the management approach preventive and finally (5) the application of models. These make it possible to prioritize the buildings on the basis of 37 criteria organized into sub-criteria and indicators, highlight the decision-making of the owners on the basis of a criticality matrix combining the values ​​of the indicators, determine the useful life of the buildings with the deterioration curves, propose and prioritize maintenance actions based on a developed database.The methodology is illustrated by its application on fourteen buildings representing the French cultural and historical heritage

Little is known about the effectiveness of district plans in protecting built heritage, which is a matter of national importance under New Zealand's Resource Management Act 1991 (RMAct). This is despite the fact that the RMAct directs planning agencies to evaluate the effectiveness of plan provisions. This lack of evaluation is not unique to New Zealand or merely symptomatic of heritage planning. Instead, it is a shortcoming in planning theory and practice internationally; a well recognised impediment being that planning lacks a suitable evaluation approach. This thesis aims to address this deficiency by proposing a methodology for evaluating plan effectiveness and applying it to the built heritage provisions of two district plans. The methodology adopted has been shaped by the theory-based and realist evaluation approaches, as developed in the field of programme evaluation. Both approaches share a common ontology regarding claims of causality, which stresses 'knowledge in context'. Thus, a central endeavour of the research is not only to identify the environmental outcomes arising from plan implementation, but also to understand how and why the implementation context promoted or inhibited the achievement of plan goals. In so doing, the causal and implementation theories underpinning the plans' heritage provisions are exposed, modelled and tested. The findings reveal that plan implementation failed to prevent the loss of built heritage values in many instances. While the plans' causal theory was largely sound, key aspects of the implementation theory were not realised during the development control process. Plan quality was a significant factor, as was the commitment and capacity of developers to comply with the plans. The institutional fixation on consent processing speed rather than environmental outcomes was a further impediment. Overall, the theory-based approach provided a useful framework for determining plan effectiveness and holds promise for evaluating plan issues other than built heritage.

While the National Park Service is charged with interpreting and preserving areas designated as park resources, they must also manage environmental issues such as erosion resulting from climate change. This research sets out to narrate how Palo Seco, Puerto Rico, a neighboring community of the San Juan National Historic Site, perceives similar environmental conditions and motivations for addressing these issues. My research sits at the intersection between the park’s charter and understanding community implications of environmental changes that affect local heritage. Using Authorized Heritage Discourse and environmental justice as theoretical frameworks, I suggest that the National Park Service should include the observations of climate change from Palo Seco community to broaden Park Service’s understanding and preservation policies. I also recommend the National Park Service utilize cultural resource management guidelines to develop programs that facilitate collaborative research projects with the Palo Seco community to not only address mutual issues of climate changes but also document local heritage knowledge that can enhance the Park’s interpretation and preservation efforts.

This thesis is a research project that aims to build, in the first instance, a historical, theoretical, and methodological frame of reference and protection of cultural property, and more precisely of the territorial cultural heritage. The starting point is the analysis of the concepts of culture, heritage, landscape and territory, in addition to others such as management, tourism, social heritagization and development, all this through a detailed study starting from the perspective of the human sciences and culture, with the aim to approach to the positions on these ideas that are being debated today. The ultimate objective is the design of an instrument that serves to make readings of landscapes and in the same way, as a platform to design strategies in favour of the enhancement, protection, conservation, interpretation and management of the landscape as an asset of the territorial culture heritage.
Esta tesis es un trabajo de investigación que tiene como objetivo construir, en primera instancia, un marco de referencia histórica, teórica, metodológica y de tutela de los bienes culturales, y más precisamente del patrimonio cultural territorial. El punto de partida es el análisis de los conceptos de cultura, patrimonio, paisaje y territorio; además de otros como gestión, turismo, patrimonialización social y desarrollo, todo ello a través un estudio pormenorizado desde la perspectiva de las ciencias humanos y de la cultura,con la intención de acercarse a las posiciones que sobre estas ideas se debaten hoy. Se trata de establecer un instrumento que sirva para realizar lecturas de los paisajes y de la misma manera,el diseño estrategias a favor de la puesta en valor, la protección, la conservación, la interpretación y el manejo del paisaje como un bien del patrimonio cultura territorial.

The EU Directive for building energy performance requires all member states to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the existing building stock. A key instrument in achieving this is using building stock modelling as a tool for planning and development of policies. But since the building stock as a whole is a complex element to study, new interdisciplinary methods are required to facilitate a sustainable management of the built heritage. Moreover, as the goal of energy conservation is brought into a supposed conflict with the built heritage, the field of integrated conservation has a responsibility to be a part of the development of such methods. This thesis accordingly investigates state-of-the-art building stock models from several disciplines with the aim of developing a new method for categorising historic building stocks. The historic buildings in the case study of World Heritage Site Visby, Sweden, were surveyed and triangulated using e.g. on-site inspections, digital cadastre maps, the national EPC database and existing inventories, ultimately leading to 1048 buildings from before 1945 being included in a new inventory. This inventory, along with tools acquired from previous buildings stock models, enabled an iterative process to develop and validate the new categorisation method. The proposed method itself is based on the principal idea of categorisation where the building stock is represented by a limited number of categories which allow for further typology investigations, e.g. energy modelling, and extrapolation back to district level. The results show that the building stock can be represented by nine physical categories covering 86 % of the total number of buildings, and 70 % of the entire building volume. To encompass aspects regarding cultural heritage significance, the respective historic character of the buildings are assessed and described by combining statistical information and the Conservation plan of Visby. In all, the method shows to provide a supportive platform for investigations of a trade-off between energy conservation on one hand and building conservation on the other.
EFFESUS
Spara och Bevara

Damage to archival collections jeopardize access to information, one of the reasons for its existence. These damages vary in the degree of degradation, from the most inconspicuous but silently lead to loss of support, even the most obvious caused by mishandling and pest infestation. This loss can happen abruptly through accidents and disasters, causing irreversible damage to the documents. Given this situation, seeking to know how to preserve and guarantee the physical security of the documentary front equity to a number of factors that lead to their destruction, the main objective of this thesis was to develop a Risk Management Plan for document preservation in Port Historical Archives Alegre Moyses Vellinho (AHPAMV). To fabricate the plan and establish more efficient priority and preventive actions to ensure the preservation of the documentary collection of the institution used the Risk Management methodology to identify and analyze the risks in AHPAMV. From the application of the methodology and analysis of the results, it was possible to build the product of this work has resulted in a publication entitled "Plan File Risk Management Port History Alegre Moyses Vellinho", will help to ensure the acquis integrity and guide decisions for the preservation of historical documents stored there. At the end of this work it was possible to verify that the objectives have been achieved to the extent that some items proposed as a treatment have been implemented since the AHPAMV work team has a good understanding of the risks facing the institution and the measures needed to sanitation them. The perceived problem is that several recommendations contained in the bump up in the question funding and bureaucracy of the municipal government of Porto Alegre to meet the requests of the institution, always complex issues in the public sphere. Finally, it is expected that the preparation of this work will serve as a subsidy for the establishment of an institutional preservation policy, which further qualify the service performed by this memory entity.
Os danos aos acervos arquivísticos colocam em risco o acesso à informação, uma das razões de sua existência. Estes danos variam no grau de degradação, desde os mais imperceptíveis mas que silenciosamente levam à perda do suporte, até os mais evidentes causados por manuseio incorreto e infestação de pragas. Essa perda pode também acontecer de maneira abrupta por meio de acidentes e catástrofes, causando danos irreversíveis aos documentos. Diante deste quadro, visando saber como preservar e garantir a segurança física do patrimônio documental frente a uma série de fatores que levam a sua destruição, o objetivo principal desta dissertação foi elaborar um Plano de Gerenciamento de Riscos para a preservação documental no Arquivo Histórico de Porto Alegre Moysés Vellinho (AHPAMV). Para confeccionar o plano e estabelecer ações preventivas mais prioritárias e eficientes para garantir a preservação do acervo documental da instituição, utilizou-se a metodologia de Gerenciamento de Riscos para identificar e analisar os riscos existentes no AHPAMV. A partir da aplicação da referida metodologia e análise dos resultados obtidos, foi possível construir o produto desta dissertação que resultou em uma publicação intitulada “Plano de Gerenciamento de Riscos do Arquivo Histórico de Porto Alegre Moysés Vellinho”, que contribuirá para assegurar a integridade do acervo e orientar as decisões para a preservação dos documentos históricos ali armazenados. Ao finalizar este trabalho foi possível verificar que os objetivos foram alcançados na medida em que alguns itens propostos como tratamento foram implementados, uma vez que a equipe de trabalho do AHPAMV possui um bom entendimento dos riscos que afetam a instituição e das medidas necessárias para saneá-los. O problema percebido é que várias recomendações constantes no plano esbarram no quesito verbas e na burocracia da prefeitura municipal de Porto Alegre em atender as solicitações da instituição, questões sempre complexas na esfera pública. Por fim, espera-se que a elaboração deste trabalho sirva de subsídio para o estabelecimento de uma política de preservação institucional, que qualificará ainda mais o serviço realizado por essa entidade de memória.

This essay is focused on the questions of and responsibility for where, when, how and why communication and meetings through archaeology should take place. I have critically studied Swedish public archaeology through three diverse archaeological excava­tions, one took place in the end of the 1980s, and two others in 2012. I have asked for under what circum­stances and with which goals the public efforts become possible. I have inter­viewed leaders for the archaeological excavations and/or the public efforts and questi­o­ned how and why they reached out to the public. I also searched for results and effects in order to problematize and value the public activities. Through interpretation of the resear­ched material it becomes clear that economic issues as well as archaeo­logists interests and engagements are of vital importance for public archaeology. Co-operation in the local community and archaeological documentation is crucial for the deve­lopment of archaeology and its role in society. Keywords: Public archaeology, Community archaeology, Heritage, Communication, Manage­ment, Historic environment education, Time Travel, Living history
I denna uppsats ligger fokus på frågor som berör ansvaret för var, när, hur och varför kommunikation och möten genom arkeologin ska utföras. Med ett kritiskt förhållningssätt har jag studerat svensk publik arkeologi genom tre skilda arkeologiska utgrävningar, en utfördes i slutet på 1980-talet, och två andra år 2012. Jag har undersökt under vilka förutsättningar och med vilka mål de publika insatserna blivit möjliga. Jag har intervjuat ledare för de arkeologiska utgrävningarna och/eller publika insatserna och ställt frågor om hur och varför den publika arkeologin nått ut. Jag har även sökt efter resultat och effekter i syfte att problematisera och värdera den publika verksamheten. Genom min analys av det utforskade materialet står det klart att ekonomi så väl som arkeologers intresse och engagemang är avgörande för publik arkeologi. Samarbeten inom det lokala samhället och arkeologisk dokumentation är ytterst viktigt för utvecklingen av arkeologin och dess roll i samhället.

This main goal of this project was to implement a training course in archivistic to the Technical and Administrative Servers in Education of the UFSM using as a technological tool the Learning Management System Moodle. The intention is produce a reflection about the modality of distance learning and the LMS as an element to support a professional training in the institution. The research was classified as applied quantitative approach and a case study through the technical procedures for acquiring objective knowledge about Moodle; the study supports a proposal and an evaluation of an alternative training using distance learning. Techniques and instruments of literature were used for read, analyze and interpret the last material already published in books, scientific papers, dissertations and doctoral theses. The bibliography facilitated the planning and the development of a training course in distance learning using the LMS of the Pró-Reitoria de Gestão de Pessoas (PROGEP) in the UFSM university. To reinforce the requirements for the expansion of the institutional archivistics polices of the university, the project develops studies in university archives and in the document preservation as an evidence of scientific, cultural and educational knowledge of the country. This helps to ensure the right access to information, the right of citizens and transparency of government actions. The project demonstrated the feasibility of conducting distance learning training courses to servicemen directly or indirectly involved in institutional documents management. The staff improvement policies implementation through distance learning is an effective strategic tool to implement the UFSM archivistic system. The LMS Moodle of PROGEP worked as environment of cooperative interaction between technical and administrative servicemen and the DAG (Departamento de Arquivo Geral).
Este estudo teve como principal objetivo implementar um curso de capacitação na área arquivística para os servidores Técnico-Administrativos em Educação (TAE) da UFSM, utilizando-se como ferramenta tecnológica o Ambiente Virtual de Ensino-Aprendizado (AVEA) Moodle e, assim, auxiliar na reflexão acerca da modalidade de educação a distância e de AVEA como elemento de suporte a capacitação profissional na instituição. A pesquisa foi classificada como aplicada com abordagem quantitativa e um estudo de caso quanto aos procedimentos técnicos porque objetivou adquirir conhecimento sobre o Moodle, a fim subsidiar a proposição e a avaliação de uma alternativa de capacitação por meio da modalidade a distância. Para tanto, utilizou-se das técnicas e instrumentos da pesquisa bibliográfica para leitura, análise e interpretação de materiais já publicados em livros, artigos científicos, dissertações de mestrado e teses de doutorado. As ideias de diferentes autores possibilitaram o planejamento e a construção de um curso nessa modalidade, utilizando-se o ambiente de EaD da Pró-Reitoria de Gestão de Pessoas (PROGEP) da Universidade. Para reforçar a necessidade de expansão das políticas arquivísticas nas IFES abordaram-se temas relevantes sobre os arquivos universitários, em especial as universidades federais, e a preservação de seu patrimônio documental como prova do conhecimento científico, cultural e educacional do País, para garantir o acesso à informação, o direito dos cidadãos e a transparência das ações governamentais. Os estudos demonstraram a viabilidade de realização de cursos de capacitação à distância aos servidores envolvidos, direta ou indiretamente, na gestão de documentos institucionais. A implementação de políticas de capacitação profissional a distância apresentou-se como uma ferramenta estratégica eficaz à implantação do sistema de arquivos da UFSM e o Ambiente de EaD da PROGEP, que utiliza o Moodle, serviu como um ambiente de interação cooperativa entre os servidores técnico-administrativos em educação e o Departamento de Arquivo Geral.

The study of social memory is not purely a historical or anthropological endeavor. Archaeology can provide a considerable amount of evidence about how and why people remembered. In this case study, the Colosseum will be studied in the broader sense of being a monument of damnatio memoriae and commemorative memory; the very act of building it can be seen as a form of “recutting” the landscape to fit the image Vespasian wanted to convey of his predecessor. The Colosseum will also be studied in an even larger historical context. This will involve analyzing the manner in which it was memorialized during the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and by British visitors during the Victorian era. I will end the case study with an analysis of Benito Mussolini’s use of antiquity and the Colosseum to propagate Fascism. Lastly, the concept of cultural heritage and the institutions that uphold it, particularly UNESCO, will be put into question. In illustrating the fluidity of interpretations of the past, in this case through material culture, I argue that the endeavor to codify them by establishing World Heritage sites is problematic because of their subjectivity to modern agendas. However, in order to understand changing attitudes and memories associated with a single monument, one must first explore the nature of social memory.

Ce mémoire constitue à la fois une réflexion sur le cadre professionnel et la pratique de l’archéologie dans le domaine de la restauration et de l’aménagement du « patrimoine architectural » et d’une synthèse des apports scientifiques à partir des données recueillies lors des interventions archéologiques dans ce contexte. Partant du principe qu’il s’agit avant tout de vestiges archéologiques, la première partie examine le cadre règlementaire et institutionnel qui détermine quand et comment l’archéologie peut intervenir dans un contexte où les processus gouvernant la protection, la restauration et l’aménagement de ce « patrimoine » qui se juxtaposent avec ceux qui encadrent la recherche archéologique. Les interventions archéologiques doivent répondre en premier lieu, aux attentes des acteurs chargés de la gestion du « patrimoine » mais, en ce faisant, elles produisent une quantité importante d’observations «secondaires» par rapport aux objectifs principaux. Souvent inexploitées, elles constituent pourtant une source riche de données scientifiques intéressantes pour la recherche archéologique. La deuxième partie du travail consiste en une évaluation critique de la méthodologie mise en œuvre lors des différentes interventions et son influence sur la qualité et la quantité des données obtenues. Elle a permis d’établir un bilan des résultats scientifiques pour les thématiques de recherche au niveau régional et de présenter le corpus des sites qui servent de base pour la troisième partie du mémoire : quarante-et-un édifices de différents types de la région Centre ayant fait l’objet d’interventions archéologiques sous la responsabilité de l’auteur. Leur fourchette chronologique est comprise entre le milieu du XIe siècle et le début du XVIIe siècle. On peut y ajouter trente-neuf édifices dans une zone d’étude dans le sud du Berry qui servent de points de comparaison. Cet échantillonnage apparemment hétéroclite permet de s’affranchir du cadre des catégories habituelles des constructions anciennes. Par le biais d’une approche comparative, il a été possible d’observer les rapports entre le potentiel offert notamment par l’environnement géologique et les contraintes des différents projets architecturaux. Si un lien assez étroit peut être établi entre la construction et l’environnement géologique, ce dernier n’était nullement un obstacle pour les bâtisseurs, comme le témoignent la variété des solutions techniques employées pour produire des formes architecturales. L’exploitation des données des fouilles a permis d’appréhender les compétences des bâtisseurs et surtout de restituer la chaîne opératoire du chantier de construction de la carrière et la préparation des matériaux jusqu’à l’achèvement de l’édifice, puis de toucher au cadre de vie que celui-ci offrait à ses utilisateurs. En appréhendant le chantier dans sa matérialité, l’approche archéologique permet d’écrire une histoire de la construction parfois bien différente de celle connue de l’analyse des formes ou de l’exploitation des archives. L’exploitation de ces données démontre que l’archéologie représente un véritable «plus-value» non seulement pour les besoins de la gestion du « patrimoine » architectural, mais aussi pour la recherche scientifique. Le mémoire se termine en soulignant les atouts d’une archéologie professionnelle et scientifique et en proposant quelques suggestions pour améliorer la prise en compte de la discipline dans les processus de la gestion et de l’aménagement du « patrimoine » architectural
This thesis may be considered from two angles: that of a retrospective look at the professional framework and the practices of buildings archaeology within the sphere of architectural heritage management and that of an appraisal of the archaeological data gathered during field work in this particular context. Before being considered as “heritage”, standing buildings of any form are archaeological remains. The first part of this work examines the legal and institutional framework which conditions just how and when archaeologists may get to study and record these remains in a context where the legislation concerning the protection and management of the architectural heritage is juxtaposed rather than integrated with that governing archaeological research. Within this framework, archaeological field work usually has to satisfy the needs of the institutions responsible for the management and restoration of architectural heritage. In so doing, it also produces considerable amounts of “secondary” data which are rarely published or even used, despite their potential interest for archaeological research on the history of building. The second part of this thesis consists of a critique of the archaeological methods used during the field work and its’ effects on the quality and the quantity of the data produced. It was thus possible to make a thematic assessment of the state of archaeological research in the Centre region over the last two decades and to draw up a corpus of sites which form the basis for the third part of the thesis. This corpus consists of forty-one buildings of various types which have been directly studied by the author during archaeological field work. They cover the period from the middle of the 11th century to the start of the 17th century. Another thirty-nine buildings situated in the Berry in the southern part of the region were also selected as comparative sites. This rather heterogeneous sample offered the advantage of not being bound by the usual typological categories. By comparing very different types of construction, it is possible to observe the relations between the possibilities offered by the geological environment and the limits imposed by each architectural program. Although a close link may be established between the geological context and the buildings, the variety of solutions applied to produce the different types of constructions, the former was never an obstacle to the builder. Analysis of the archaeological data allows us to evaluate the levels of competence and ability of the builders throughout the given time frame. Above all, we may retrace the construction processes from the transformation and preparation of the raw materials, notably stone, up until the finished building. It is the possible to assess the surroundings that these constructions offered to their occupants. By recording and analyzing the physical evidence of the building site written into the fabric of each site, archaeology offers a history of construction methods which is often very different from that given by the historical data. Exploiting these otherwise dormant data has shown that buildings archaeology can make a valuable contribution not only to the needs of heritage management but also to scientific research. The thesis is brought to a conclusion by underlining the advantages of professional research based archaeology and by proposing some measures which may improve the integration of archaeology as a distinct discipline within the framework of architectural heritage management and restoration

Der UNESCO-Welterbestatus als ein kontroverses Thema in der lokalen bis globalen Öffentlichkeit gewinnt für die Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung in Europa zunehmend an Bedeutung. Denn zum einen nehmen die Nominierungen europäischer Stätten als Weltkulturerbe zu, und zum anderen hält der Trend zur räumlichen Polarisierung an. Es wachsen die Disparitäten zwischen peripheren und metropolen Regionen und ihren Städten. Der Notwendigkeit, wirtschaftliche, demografische und kulturelle Konzentrationsprozesse in Metropolen nachhaltig zu lenken, steht die Herausforderung gegenüber, angesichts von Schrumpfung und vielfältigen Problemlagen in peripheren Regionen, Erreichtes zu stabilisieren und Entwicklungen zu stimulieren. Der UNESCO-Weltkulturerbestatus ist in Folge dieser Entwicklungen für immer mehr lokale und regionale Akteure ein relevantes Thema, das gegenwärtig in metropolen Welterbestätten vor allem als Entwicklungsbarriere und Konfliktpotenzial und in peripheren Regionen als Chance für Stabilität und Entwicklung brisant erscheint. Tatsächlich ist das Wirkpotenzial des UNESCO-Labels für die Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung kaum beschrieben. Es fehlen zum einen umfassende Evaluationen, die die Wirkungen des Weltkulturerbestatus im Querschnitt der soziokulturellen bis wirtschaftlichen Stadtentwicklungsthemen darstellen, negative Effekte thematisieren und das Wirken des Labels am Maßstab der Nachhaltigkeit bewerten. Zum anderen fehlen Studien, die systematisch erklären, warum der Welterbestatus wie auf die Stadtentwicklung wirkt und welche Bedingungen das Wirken des Welterbeslabels beeinflussen. Die räumliche Lage einer Welterbestätte und das Handeln ihrer Akeure sind dabei aus praktischer und theoretischer Sicht wesentliche und bislang unzureichend untersuchte Bedingungen. Im Ergebnis mangelt es an übertragbaren, wissenschaftlichen und praxisrelevanten Ableitungen, wie - in Anbetracht differenzierter lokaler Konstellationen - der Welterbestatus ein Teil nachhaltiger Stadtentwicklung sein kann. Ziel der Arbeit sind demnach raumdifferenzierte und akteurszentrierte Ansätze, die den UNESCO-Welterbestatus als Potenzial nachhaltiger Stadtentwicklung erschließen: ihn schützen und nutzen. Dazu wurde das Wirken des Welterbelabels für die nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung evaluiert, differenziert für den peripheren und metropolen Raum und in Abhängigkeit vom lokalen Akteurshandeln. Als theoretische Leistung der Arbeit wurde ein eigenständiger Evaluationsansatz entwickelt. Er dient der Feststellung und Bestimmung der Wirksamkeit des Welterbelabels für die nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung auf Grundlage des sozialwissenschaftlichen Kausalitätsverständnisses und der theoriebasierten Plausibilisierung der Wirkrekonstruktionen. Er ermöglicht, entscheidungs- und verbesserungsorientiertes Wirkungswissen sowie theoriebildendes Wissen zu erarbeiten. Empirische Grundlage ist dafür die Untersuchung dreier, theoriebasiert augewählter Fallbeispiele. Es sind die Weltkulturerbestädte St. Petersburg (Russland), Stralsund und Wismar (Deutschland). Die Städte ähneln sich in dem Merkmal, dass ihre Innenstädte flächenhaft als Weltkulturerbestätte anerkannt sind. Sie unterscheiden sich in ihren Konstellationen der Kriterien "Lage im Raum" (metropoler versus peripherer Kontext) und "Verhalten der Stadtverwaltung" gegenüber dem Welterbelabel (Passivität versus Aktivität). Die zentralen Forschungsergebnisse der Arbeit lassen sich letztlich in vier Punkten zusammenfassen: 1. Der Weltkulturerbestatus ist nachweislich ein Potenzial der Stadtentwicklung, das in einem breiten Themenquerschnitt Entwicklungen der Welterbestadt bedingt bzw. bedingen kann. Die Daten der Arbeit belegen, dass der Welterbestatus sowohl die lokalen Lebensqualitäten und Wirtschaftsentwicklungen in den Fallstudien, als auch die lokale Denkmalpflege und das öffentliche Stadtentwicklungshandeln verändern kann. 2. Das Welterbelabel wirkt bisher in keiner der untersuchten Welterbestädte gezielt nachhaltig-positiv (Nachhaltigkeitsthese). Die Wirkungen des Welterbelabels in den Fallstudien entsprechen nicht durchgehend dem Maßstab der Nachhaltigkeit. Nachhaltigkeit ist in der Arbeit über die Prinzipien der Integration, Partizipation und Verteilungsgerechtigkeit operationalisiert. Negative nicht nachhaltige Wirkungen in den Fallstudien sind beispielsweise welterbelabelbedingte Parallelstrukturen in den Stadtverwaltungen und Überlastungen lokaler Akteure (Verteilungsgerechtigkeit), intransparente Entscheidungsprozesse sowie die labelbedingte Produktion bzw. Verstärkung verwaltungsinterner Ressortgrenzen (Partizipation), welterbestatusbedingte Abschreckungen von lokalen Wirtschaftsakteuren sowie massive Gefährdungen des Bauerbes trotz Welterbelabel (Integration). Diese negativen Teilwirkungen des UNESCO-Labels sind unter anderem die Folge von Unachtsamkeit bzw. Desinteresse lokaler, insbesondere durchsetzungsstarker Akteure gegenüber potenziellen Wirkbereichen des Welterbelabels in der Stadtentwicklung. Die Nachhaltigkeitsthese besagt dementsprechend: Der Welterbestatus ist in den untersuchten Welterbestädten ein ungenutztes Potenzial für nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung. Denn die Wirkmöglichkeiten des Welterbestatus zur Beförderung des lokalen Denkmalschutzes, der lokalen Lebensqualität und Wirtschaftsentwicklung werden von den Akteuren der Stadtverwaltung, Privatwirtschaft und Zivilgesellschaft nicht konsequent integrativ, transparent-partizipativ und effizient-ressourcengerecht bedacht und genutzt. 3. Das Welterbelabel ist ein räumlich differenziertes und akteursabhängiges Potenzial für die (nachhaltige) Stadtentwicklung (Raum- und Akteursthese). Es wirkt begleitend, statt entscheidend auf lokale Entwicklungen. Drittes Kernergebnis der Arbeit ist der Nachweis des UNESCO-Welterbelabels als ein relatives, nämlich räumlich differenziertes und akteursabhängiges Potenzial für die Stadtentwicklung. So betont die Raumthese der Arbeit den Einfluss des räumlichen Kontextes einer Welterbestadt auf die lokalen Möglichkeiten der Inwertsetzung und des Wirkens des Labels. Sie besagt: Das Potenzial des UNESCO-Weltkulturerbestatus für die Stadtentwicklung ist für Welterbestädte des peripheren Raumes größer als für Welterbestädte des metropolen Raumes, denn in Städten des peripheren Raumes mobilisiert der Welterbestatus deutlich stärker die Lokalakteure, Ideen und Aktivitäten zur Stadtentwicklung zu entwickeln und umzusetzen. Es sind Absichten und Aktivitäten zum Schutz und zur Nutzung des Welterbestatus. In der Tendenz sind die Wirkungen des Welterbestatus für den Schutz des baulichen (Welt-) Erbes und die soziokulturelle und ökonomische Stadtentwicklung zudem für periphere Welterbestädte relativ stärker als für Welterbestädte im metropolen Raum. Die Bedingungen für die Inwertsetzung des Welterbestatus sind allerdings im peripheren Raum relativ schlechter als in metropolen Welterbestädten, aufgrund begrenzter Finanz- und Personalressourcen der Lokalakteure aus Lokalwirtschaft, Zivilgesellschaft und Stadtverwaltung. Neben dem räumlichen Kontext einer Welterbestadt sind die Wirkungen des Welterbelabels in der Stadtentwicklung nachweislich vom Handeln der Lokalakteure abhängig. Die Akteursthese der Arbeit besagt: Das Potenzial des Welterbestatus für die Stadtentwicklung ist bedingt durch das Handeln der lokalen Akteure. Je aktiver und querschnittsorientierter Lokalakteure mit Durchsetzungsvermögen den Welterbestatus in Wert setzen, das heißt schützen und nutzen, desto deutlicher und vielfältiger sind die Wirkungen des UNESCO-Labels für die Stadtentwicklung im Rahmen des theoretisch Möglichen. Das prinzipiell positive wie negative Wirkpotenzial des UNESCO-Labels wird erst durch das Handeln, insbesondere durchsetzungsstarker Akteure wie leitende Stadtverwaltungsvertreter aktiviert. Das Wirkpotenzial des Welterbestatus in allen untersuchten Bereichen der Stadtentwicklung ist allerdings nachweislich begrenzt. Denn das Label spricht stets nur kleine Zielgruppen an und wirkt in ihnen als begleitendes, statt entscheidendes Argument für Verhaltensweisen. Ein stetes Mehr an lokalen Inwertsetzungsaktivitäten stößt letztlich an diese intrinsischen Wirkgrenzen des UNESCO-Labels (die Grenzen des theoretisch Möglichen) und damit auf den so genannten abnehmenden Grenznutzen. Zudem ist das lokale Wirken des Welterbelabels nicht allein von lokalen Bedingungen, wie dem Raumkontext der Stätte und das Akteurshandeln beeinflusst. Es steht nachweislich auch - in Einzelfällen sehr deutlich - im Zusammenhang mit überlokalen Bedingungen und Akteurshandlungen. 4. Differenzierte Ansätze, die den Raumkontext und die Akteurskonstellationen der Welterbestätte als Wirkbedingungen reflektieren und abstrahieren, sind praxisrelevante und übertragbare Anregungen dafür, den Welterbestatus nachhaltig als Potenzial der Stadtentwicklung zu erschließen. Letztes Kernergebnis der Arbeit sind zwei übertragbare Ansätze, die den Welterbestatus als Potenzial nachhaltiger Stadtentwicklung differenziert für die Konstellationen „Welterbestädte im metropolen Raum“ und „Welterbestädte im peripheren Raum“ erschließen. Sie bieten inhaltliche, strukturelle und prozessuale Anregungen für das (Verwaltungs-) Handeln in Welterbestädten, die auf den Fallstudienergebnissen, auf Erfahrungen weiterer deutscher Welterbestädte sowie auf den aktuellen internationalen Diskussionen zum Management von Welterbestätten beruhen. Das Forschungsergebnis zum relativen, raumdifferenzierten und akteursabhängigen Potenzial des Welterbelelabels für die Stadtentwicklung begründet die Differenzierung der Ansätze. Es ist zudem der Ansatzpunkt, um die vielschichtigen Situationen in den untersuchten Fallstudien nachvollziehbar in Form von context-mechanism-output configurations zu abstrahieren und damit die Übertragung der Ansätze auf andere Welterbestädte ähnlicher Konstellationen prinzipiell zu ermöglichen. Vor diesem Hintergrund sollte das Leitbild für den lokalen Umgang mit dem Welterbe(status) in metropolen Stadtregionen lauten: Das bauliche (Welt)Erbe der Stadt ist geschützt und wird genutzt und weiterentwickelt, ohne die ihm spezifischen und schützenswerten Charakteristika zu beeinträchtigen und vor dem Hintergrund eines starken Rückhaltes des Denkmalschutzes in der Stadtgesellschaft. Das Leitbild reflektiert sowohl den lokalen Handlungsbedarf und die ideelle Verpflichtung der Stadtgesellschaft gegenüber der internationalen Staatengemeinschaft, das (Welt-) Erbe dauerhaft zu schützen, als auch die empirisch-theoretisch begründete Folgerung, dass aus der lokalen Inwertsetzung des UNESCO-Labels keine bzw. maximal marginale Wirkungen für die lokale Wirtschafts- und soziokulturelle Stadtentwicklung resultieren. Es zielt weder auf das kategorische Ausschließen soziokultureller und wirtschaftlicher Entwicklungen im Welterbegebiet, noch auf den Rückzug der Denkmalpflege, sondern sucht, das Ausbalancieren von Schutz- und Entwicklungszielen nachhaltig zu qualifizieren. Das Leitbild entspricht in diesem Sinne grundsätzlich dem bekannten Leitbild der bewahrenden Stadtentwicklung. Die überlokale Sichtbarkeit des Welterbelabels sowie das garantierte Mindestmaß an Aufmerksamkeit und Mitgestaltungswillen für die lokale Stadtentwicklung seitens der internationalen UNESCO und ICOMOS definieren jedoch letztlich die besondere Chance und brisante Herausforderung des Welterbelabels für die nachhaltige Entwicklung in metropolen Stadtregionen. Der in der Arbeit entwickelte Ansatz für den lokalen Umgang mit dem Welterbelabel greift deshalb zunächst auf prozessuale und strukturelle Elemente zurück, die eine nachhaltige, bewahrende Entwicklung auch in Nichtwelterbestädten fördern und detailliert diese dann in wenige Punkten entsprechend der spezifischen Notwendigkeiten und Erfahrungen in UNESCO-Weltkulturerbestädten. Die welterbespezifischen Notwendigkeiten berühren in metropolen Welterbestädten in erster Linie die nachhaltige \"Sicherung der Qualität von Planungszielen, Maßnahmen und Projekten\" für das (Welt-) Erbegebiet in konfliktfreier Kooperation mit den überlokalen Welterbegremien und ohne Aufgabe der kommunalen Selbstbestimmung sowie die nachhaltige Verankerung des Welterbeschutzgedankens in der lokalen Stadtgesellschaft. Das Leitbild für den Umgang mit dem Welterbe(status) in peripheren Stadtregionen sollte in Ergänzung dazu lauten: Das bauliche (Welt-)Erbe der Stadt ist geschützt und wird genutzt und weiterentwickelt, ohne die ihm spezifischen und schützenswerten Charakteristika zu beeinträchtigen und vor dem Hintergrund eines starken Rückhaltes der Denkmalpflege in der Stadtgesellschaft. Der Welterbestatus wird nachhaltig und erfolgreich genutzt, um soziokulturelle und wirtschaftliche Stabilität bzw. Entwicklungen zu befördern. Im Unterschied zu Welterbestädten im metropolen Raum zielt das Leitbild, neben dem nachhaltigen Schutz des (Welt-)Erbes, folglich auch auf die Nutzung des Welterbelabels für die soziokulturelle und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung bzw. Stabilität der Stadt. Denn sowohl die Handlungsbedarfe in peripheren Welterbestädten, als auch die lokalen Inwertsetzungsabsichten und die theoretisch begründbaren Wirkmöglichkeiten des Welterbestatus sprechen für die Aktivierung der soziokulturellen und wirtschaftlichen Wirkchancen des UNESCO-Welterbelabels. Dabei ist es entscheidend, lokale Strukturen und Prozesse auf- bzw. auszubauen, die nicht nur der Inwertsetzung des UNESCO-Labels dienen, sondern allgemeinhin die sozioökonomische Entwicklung der Stadt fördern. Denn zum einen sind in peripheren Städten die lokalen Handlungsressourcen begrenzt und zum anderen sind den Wirkmöglichkeiten des UNESCO-Titels intrinsische Grenzen gesetzt. Die überlokale Sichtbarkeit des Welterbelabels, die nationale ideelle Mitverantwortung für die lokale Welterbepflege sowie der Zugang zu (inter-)nationalen Welterbenetzwerken definieren letztlich die besondere Chance des Labels für die nachhaltige Entwicklung in peripheren Städten. Der detaillierte Ansatz für den lokalen Umgang mit dem Welterbelabel thematisiert folglich auch, wie diese spezifischen Möglichkeiten nachhaltig genutzt werden könnten. Letztlich liegt in der systematisch differenzierenden Untersuchung zu den Wirkungen verschiedener lokaler Welterbemanagementsysteme weiterer Forschungsbedarf. Es sind Best Practice Beispiele für die nachhaltige (Welt-) Erbepflege und sozioökonomische Welterbelabelnutzung zu identifzieren und kommunizieren, um die Idee des weltweiten Erbes der Menschheit in allen, metropolen wie peripheren Regionen umsetzen zu helfen. Die UNESCO als Träger der Welterbeidee sollte derartige Forschungen verstärkt anstoßen und kommunizieren und damit stärker als bisher ein konstruktiver Partner für die gestaltenden Akteure in Welterbestätten sein. Im Ergebnis ist die Arbeit sowohl ein Beitrag zu aktuellen welterbebezogenen Fachdiskussionen (Welterbemanagement), als auch zu den gegenwärtigen Ziel- (Leitbilddiskussion zur Nachhaltigkeit) und Steuerungsdiskussionen in der Raumentwicklung (Governance, evidenzbasierte Planung).

The management of South Africa's heritage resources is still lacking a great deal and many resources are being destroyed by ignorance, development and plain greed. Although South African legislation is adequate in theory, commitment on the side of the government in terms of staff, skills and resources to implement it, is not forthcoming. On the global platform however, we have much to learn as heritage management is regarded as a priority in most of the first world countries. Four steps to reach this goal, is summarizing it effectively: the identification, understanding how it was created and used, selecting the appropriate conservation techniques, and stakeholder involvement. The focus of this study is on the diverse heritage resources of the Blyde Canyon Nature Reserve in Mpumalanga, the largest green canyon in the world. This area has a rich, irreplaceable and unexplored cultural heritage. The tangible and intangible values were classified in a typological framework, including archaeology (stone age and iron age), rock art, historical industrial features, sacred sites, monuments, burial sites, graves and historic tourist features. Authorities are in the process of changing the status of the Nature Reserve to that of a National Park and it is also envisioned to nominate this unique natural and cultural landscape for World Heritage status. The database and overall objectives of this study has been identified to highlight the relevance and importance of the cultural heritage resources and to ensure its future protection and management. This area is already a popular tourist destination which is currently under-utilised, and by contributing to the protection and responsible development of the heritage resources, and by having the correct management principles set in place, the visitor experience will not only be enhanced but the surrounding towns and communities will benefit extensively. Copyright
Dissertation (MHCS)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Historical and Heritage Studies
unrestricted

This study assesses the efforts of the State Historic Preservation Office in relating Historic Preservation (HP) with Heritage Tourism (HT) against principles of sustainability. It also seeks to contribute toward an integrated heritage management framework at the State Historic Preservation level that is based on theoretical principles and empirical study. The focus is on the heritage management practices as performed by the Texas Historical Commission (THC). This case offers good understanding about the relationship between two major interests involved in heritage management: HP and HT. It is used to conduct a constructive evaluation of the HP-HT relationship in terms of its ‘existence’ and ‘effectiveness’ guided by sustainability and good governance principles. The study uses qualitative research based on a constructivist paradigm. Data are gathered using three research methods: documents, in-depth interviews, and participant observation. Documents were collected about the THC’s heritage management programs, including: the Texas Heritage Trails Program and the Visionaries in Preservation program. Ten in-depth interviews were conducted with state and regional stakeholders involved in activities related to these programs. Observation was made for the visionary process in Nacogdoches, Texas. Coding and categorizing for the interviews and documentary evidences were used as the fundamental analytic process. Coding included open coding, selective coding for core categories, and development of patterns and themes. This process assisted in identifying categories, properties, themes and the relationships between them that eventually helped in building a cohesive understanding of the HP-HT relationship as performed by the THC. The research found that heritage management efforts of the THC are not consistent with sustainability and good governance principles. Effectiveness of these efforts is affected by factors of heritage management approaches, partnership building, capacity building attempts, strategic processes, authority devolution, and accountability relations. A new framework for integrated heritage management has been developed from this study to assist the state government in achieving not only good management but good governance, since it will guide the organizations to more closely align with the social and cultural realities of their communities and develop meaningful and responsive heritage management policies and strategies.

A dissertation submitted to the School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, In fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg 2015
What happens when a rural community expresses the need for a heritage centre? Located in the former Transkei homeland of the apartheid era, now in the Eastern Cape Province, Matatiele is one of many disadvantaged, though culturally rich, communities in South Africa. The region has received insufficient attention to its heritage concerns and has been neglected by government and by academics for decades. Motivated by the Mehloding Community Trust, a project run by the Matatiele community, this research addresses the local community’s perception of heritage. This includes, amongst other things, their views on heritage management strategies and in particular the significance of rock art. One hundred and forty individuals from fifteen selected villages were interviewed to ascertain their interest in a heritage centre by way of representing and managing their own heritage. This research, therefore, addresses the nature of community involvement in heritage management and archaeology in the south-eastern part South Africa.

Estudar, recordar e usar o património afeto às linhas de Defesa de Torres Vedras, criando todo um projeto de Salvaguarda e Valorização em seu torno foi a ambição de 6 municípios, que se juntaram para o concretizar, exponenciando este património e colocando-o nos caminhos do Turismo, através da criação de um produto turístico. A ambição deste trabalho é compreender o porquê deste projeto, descrever a sua evolução, assim como foi executado, compreendendo a sua gestão, as medidas e ações tomadas para que a Salvaguarda e Valorização deste património, enquadradas pelas convenções internacionais de património, pudesse ser uma realidade e alcançada da melhor forma.
Studying, remembering, and using the heritage that composes the Defensive Lines of Torres Vedras, through a Safeguard and Valorisation project towards this aim, was the ambition of 6 Municipalities that came together to achieve it. The goal was the exponentiation of this heritage, whilst placing it in the touristic context, creating a touristic product. This research aimed to understand the reasons for the project’s creation, describing its evolution and the way that it was executed, comprehending its managements’ options, measures and actions taken to promote the safeguard and valorisation of this heritage, under international heritage conventions, in the better way possible.

This thesis relies on an interdisciplinary framework to conduct an investigation of seminal national policies and planning processes in New Zealand and Quebec Province, Canada related to sovereignty, indigenous land rights, and customary land tenure systems. Theoretical frameworks for this research include a comparative analysis of European legislative systems and traditional planning frameworks in relation to indigenous governance systems and land tenure systems for the Maori (NZ) and James Bay Cree (QC). Through interviews and experiential knowledge I will document tools and techniques that these indigenous communities use to navigate complex cross-cultural policy and planning processes for their own advocacy of cultural heritage values. From the Maori perspective, cultural heritage values include the concept and principles of kaitikatanga. James Bay Cree cultural heritage values include the concept and guiding principles embedded in Eeyou Iyihtiwin. These cultural heritage values represent abstract concepts and guiding principles that are embedded in and gain meaning from local context, cultural knowledge and customary traditions. The Maori and James Bay Cree share a similar orientation to the meaning and importance of land. Together these indigenous communities view land as the foundation for collective and individual identity and cultural traditions. From this perspective and meaning of land, the Maori and James Bay Cree recognize that people are a part of a greater interconnected system that spans across physical and metaphysical spaces. In practice, native or customary land tenure systems are based on cultural heritage values that support a spirit of reciprocity with an underlying expectation that a balanced system will provide for all life. This analysis may provide a new cross-cultural framework for policy and planning processes to provide opportunities for fair negotiation of sustainable land tenure systems and natural resource management.

碩士
逢甲大學
建築所
94
1,999 on September 21 have 7.3 big earthquakes in Taiwan to have many historical architecturals to destroy seriously. The government preserves for the and Heritage restores the original style, thereupon had "recovers the project" and "the repair project" the execution, Lin’s House, Wu feng is one of repair objects. In at present repairs the project to carry out, however Lin’s House, Wu feng itself with the reconstruction, the preservation, the repair, how Re-use and so on the topic, how penetrates the Re-use the management to manage achieved Sustainable Management. Heritage in has Re-use, always lacks considers its management management and the financial plan. This research affiliation by the “Reuse plan for the second rank historic site Lin’s House in Wu fen, Taichung and it’s surrounding area” the entire journey participation, carries on the discussion to Reuse the management management and the financial analysis. On the other hand this research will refer to the domestic and foreign cases research, Lin’s House, Wu feng the financial analysis and Sustainable management to put forward the proposal that, by again will use reference in the future the management management development as the future, this research main discussion content as follows: 1. Existing domestic and foreign Heritage cases management management research. 2. Lin’s House, Wu feng existing management topic research. 3. Sustainable management management pattern discussion. Keywords：Lin’s House, Wu feng、Heritage Sustainable Management、Financial analysis

Content removed due to copyright restriction; Donaghey, S. (2000). A fading landscape: strategies for managing the cultural heritage resource. Archaeology in New Zealand, 43(4), 270-282. Donaghey, S. (2001). What is aught,but as 'tis valued? An analysis of strategies for the assessment of cultural heritage significance in New Zealand. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 7(4), 365-380.
This thesis argues that considerations of value and significance are fundamental to sustainable heritage management practice. It explores critical issues relating to the valorisation of historic heritage in New Zealand and considers whether existing frameworks for evaluation and assessment are effective and appropriate. The rationale for the research proposes that achievable and effective outcomes for historic heritage only occur in the context of rigorous evaluation and assessment frameworks. Theoretical and pragmatic frames of reference drive key lines of reasoning. The two frames of reference comprise: firstly, theoretical principles relating to the nature and qualities of heritage value and secondly, operational strategies relating to the process of assessment. The thesis integrates current policy and practice within existing epistemology with primary research data using a mixed methodology. A review of international policy and practice contrasts the various approaches used in Australia, Canada, England and the United States of America, and identifies effective system characteristics. Existing understandings and practice within New Zealand are considered and analogies made between particular elements of the primary research drawn from surveys of professional and non-professional opinion of the heritage assessment process. The New Zealand findings are then set against the review of international evidence and the literature to identify significant strengths and shortcomings. It is argued that New Zealand currently lacks suitable frameworks within which appropriate concepts of value and effective strategies for significance assessment are meaningfully integrated. Expressions of the nature and qualities of historic heritage must be reformulated in ways that afford greater recognition to principles of social value and the holistic, multivalent properties of the resource. Moreover, identified deficiencies in matters of community engagement, consistency, resourcing, local authority process and the recognition of indigenous rights, undermine the effectiveness of operational strategies for assessment and require attention.

Despite the importance of the preservation of the historic built environment for the benefit of present and future generations, there is a lack of knowledge of the effects of architectural rehabilitation decisions on the cultural significance of historic buildings. Architectural heritage conservation literature has focused almost exclusively on providing principles and guidelines, describing intervention methodologies, and discussing predicted impacts of design on material values. This thesis argues that a focus on the actual effects is needed if the sociocultural sustainability of historic buildings significance is to be achieved. Supported by an extensive literature review and informed by personal insights from the researcher’s everyday practice, an adapted model of the Theory of Change based on Weiss (1995) was designed, providing a tool to evaluate the effects of rehabilitation on cultural significance [ERECS]. Using a selection of six recently rehabilitated historic secondary schools in Portugal (liceus), this research investigated architectural decisions and their effects on the cultural values of this building typology for education, focusing on three objectives, corresponding to three stages of interventions: understanding the existing cultural significance, identifying the design strategies applied and assessing the short-term effects of design decisions on the cultural values. Stressing the role of stakeholders in rehabilitation processes, data were collected from the buildings and architectural projects, the decision makers in the conservation process, and the school community. Although confirming that the evaluation of the effects of architectural decisions on cultural values is a complex task, the findings demonstrate that the historic liceus have historical, architectural and sociocultural values, and whilst strategies did not value social values, material cultural values were generally considered and preserved, contributing to the enhancement of intangible values. The implications of this theory-based and evidence-based research highlight the importance of evaluating actual effects for cultural heritage theory, architectural conservation practice and heritage management policy.
This work was developed with a Doctoral Bursary given by the Foundation for Science and Technology (ref. SFRH/BD/60763/2009), with sponsorship supported by POPH/FSE.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Reabilitação Urbana Integrada apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
Em vários centros históricos urbanos portugueses, os desafios do declínio populacional e do envelhecimento da população residente minaram a coesão social e a vitalidade económica.O desenvolvimento sustentável no ambiente histórico deve envolver uma reorientação das políticas de planeamento territorial para integrar áreas mais antigas em estruturas mais amplas de desenvolvimento urbano e regional, considerando-as como parte do território mais amplo em vez de unidades discretas. Isso também envolverá um diálogo próximo entre a formulação de políticas de planeamento técnico top-down e a experiência vivida bottom-up, para que a população local se possa envolver mais desde o início e durante todo o processo de formulação e implementação de políticas. Mas como é que isso pode ser feito? De que maneira podemos entender o ambiente histórico? E como podem os residentes locais contribuir para esse entendimento? Os conceitos de 'valores' e 'significado' do património serão cruciais neste processo.A abordagem Paisagem Urbana Histórica (HUL), conforme a definição de UNESCO (2011), compreende uma “abordagem abrangente e integrada para a identificação, avaliação, conservação e gerenciamento de paisagens urbanas históricas dentro de uma estrutura geral de desenvolvimento sustentável”. No entanto, é essencial que qualquer abordagem integrada seja adaptada especificamente às realidades locais, e perceber que cada área urbana tem culturas e identidades diferentes.Na cidade de Santarém, partes do centro histórico estão num estado de deterioração visível, e na Mouraria essas questões são particularmente agudas. Este estudo procura entender e questionar o estado atual, status, significado e valor – relativamente às considerações sociais, ambientais, culturais e económicas – desta zona, dando particular atenção à definição de uma abordagem integrada para a reabilitação. Advirão desta análise uma série de recomendações para apoiar uma estratégia positiva para a área no âmbito de políticas públicas integradas, que procurará atender aos objetivos gerais de desenvolvimento sustentável aos vários níveis.
In several Portuguese historic urban centres, the challenges of population decline and an aging residual resident population have undermined social cohesion and economic vitality. Sustainable development in the historic environment must involve a reorientation of spatial planning policies to integrate older areas into wider urban and regional development frameworks, considering them as part of, rather than separate from, the wider territory. This will also involve a close dialogue between top-down technical planning policy formulation and bottom-up lived experience, so that local people can be more involved from the beginning and throughout the process of policymaking and implementation. But how can this be achieved, through what means can we understand the historic environment, and how can local people contribute to this understanding? The concept of heritage ‘values’ and ‘significance’ are crucial in this process.The Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach, as defined by UNESCO (2011), comprises a ‘comprehensive and integrated approach for the identification, assessment, conservation and management of historic urban landscapes within an overall sustainable development framework’. But it is essential that any integrated approach is tailored to the realities of local circumstance, realising that each urban area has a different culture and identity. In the city of Santarém, parts of the “centro histórico” have visibly deteriorated, and in the Mouraria these issues are particularly acute. This study seeks to understand and interrogate the current state, status, significance and value - in terms of social, environmental, cultural and economic considerations - of this neighbourhood with particular attention to defining an integrated approach to rehabilitation and refining a transferrable model of evidence-based practice. Recommendations resulting from this evidence-based analysis, should they be implemented, will support a positive strategy for the area within integrated public policy and seeking to meet overall objectives for sustainable development at various levels of management.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
This dissertation devises a set of proposals for dealing with the issue of rehabilitation of older urban areas, as part of a plan for reinforcing urban cohesion. The goal of this plan is based on an approach of the issue of safeguarding urban heritage, adopting the principles established in "Recommendation on Historical Urban Landscape", which state that interventions on heritage structures should be part of an integrated perspective, meaning, taking into consideration its social, economic and environmental impact in their urban areas.Therefore, using the oldest central urban area of Coimbra as a focus, the dissertation suggests an emergent understanding of urban rehabilitation with a reinforcement of urban cohesion as a conceptual basis demanding all interventions in the extant city to be planned as a whole and taking into account the social, economic and environmental impacts of their respective urban areas. With that goal, a set of proposals to create a Service Pole was elaborated for the Rua da Sofia sector, an urban project in downtown Coimbra. These proposals aim for the coordination, absorption and creation of new services as a means of achieving the main purpose: enriching the Rua da Sofia.With that in mind, these proposals were elaborated with the understanding that urban rehabilitation, more than structure intervention, is integrated urban management. It's for that reason that the interventions and means created for the Service Pole don't focus solely on the direct impacts in the respective area, but also bear in mind their "shockwaves" in the urban region and their contribution to a reinforcement of the urban cohesion.
Esta dissertação ensaia um conjunto de propostas que pretendem dar resposta à problemática da reabilitação das áreas urbanas mais antigas, enquadradas numa estratégia que tem como principal objetivo o reforço da coesão urbana. O mote para esta estratégia baseia-se numa abordagem à questão da salvaguarda do património urbanístico, que adota princípios estabelecidos na Recomendação sobre a Paisagem Urbana Histórica, e que defendem que as intervenções no edificado patrimonializado devem ser objeto de perspetivas integradas, ou seja, baseando-se também no seu impacto no quadro social, económico e ambiental das áreas urbanas onde se localizam.Nesse sentido, tendo como caso de estudo a área urbana central e mais antiga de Coimbra, a dissertação ensaia um entendimento emergente da reabilitação urbana, que defende que o reforço da coesão urbana é uma base conceptual que exige que todas as intervenções existentes na cidade sejam planeadas articuladamente e em função dos impactos mútuos no quadro social, físico e económico das áreas em perda. Com esse objetivo, foi elaborado para o setor da Rua da Sofia, um projeto urbano para a Baixa de Coimbra, composto por um conjunto de propostas que integram um Pólo de Serviços. Estas propostas visam, sobretudo, a articulação, a permeabilização, a absorção e criação de novos serviços, para assim concretizar o objetivo principal: a valorização da Rua da Sofia.Para isso, essas propostas foram elaboradas com a consciência de que a reabilitação urbana, mais do que intervir no edificado, é gestão urbana integrada. Foi nesse sentido que as intervenções e soluções criadas para o Pólo de Serviços não se concentraram apenas nos impactos diretos na respetiva área de intervenção, mas em pensar nas suas “ondas de choque” no meio urbano e no seu contributo para o reforço da coesão urbana.

Tese de Doutoramento na área científica de Arquitetura apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.
O propósito da presente tese de doutoramento em arquitetura procura analisar e compreender que, para o caso de Coimbra, a candidatura da Universidade de Coimbra – Alta e Sofia (UC-AS) a Património Mundial (PM) se constituiu como um operador de desenvolvimento urbano. Partindo da premissa que a candidatura da UC-AS a PM se assumia como estratégia para a promoção de desenvolvimento urbano, referenciada à proteção e valorização do património universitário e à revitalização e reabilitação urbana das suas áreas de referência, através do restabelecimento da inter-relação univer(sc)idade, a nossa problemática ancorava-se à compreensão de ‘como’ ou ‘de que modo’ uma candidatura a PM se concretiza como um operador de desenvolvimento para o seu contexto urbano. Tendo em conta o interesse pela compreensão desse fenómeno – ou seja, o processo de candidatura na sua emergência, no seu sistema de gestão e na sua concretização – sobre o seu espaço de referência, o objetivo principal deste trabalho traduz-se em analisar e compreender o processo transformativo que o fenómeno da candidatura UC-AS a PM vem imprimindo ao desenvolvimento do seu contexto urbano – a Alta, a Sofia e a sua respetiva área de proteção. Com efeito, a UC-AS era inscrita na Lista do PM (LPM) em 22 de junho de 2013, finalizando o seu processo documental, cuja formalização se constituía a partir da sua inscrição na Lista Indicativa dos Bens Portugueses ao PM da UNESCO, em 2004. A abrangência da nossa investigação concretiza-se, não só na componente burocrática e documental do processo, mas, sobretudo, ao nível do seu conteúdo, cujas estratégia política e estratégia de intervenção já colhiam resultados mesmo antes da inscrição da UC-AS na LPM, evidenciando a capacidade do processo de candidatura em imprimir uma dinâmica de transformação sobre o seu território de influência, com dados recolhidos até ao fim de 2017. Para cumprirmos o propósito de investigação, desenvolvemos uma investigação qualitativa, baseada no estudo de caso da candidatura da UC-AS a PM, caracterizado por uma abordagem exploratória e, evolutivamente, explanatória, sendo apoiada em métodos analíticos, interpretativos e explanatórios. Para tal, a investigação recorreu aos suportes documentais que serviram para desenvolver a candidatura da UC-AS a PM, tanto na sua formalização pelo dossier de candidatura, como na sua concretização pelas intervenções qualificadas sobre o património universitário e sobre o património urbano, sendo contrastadas com uma revisão bibliográfica continuada. Em função do nosso propósito, desenvolvemos a investigação a partir da articulação entre os domínios espaciais considerados para referenciar o espaço da candidatura – a UNESCO, o bem e o contexto urbano – e as perspetivas de leitura consideradas para referenciar as estratégias, de qualificação teórico-prática inerentes à política e à intervenção, assumidas pela candidatura – a própria candidatura a PM, a gestão do património e o desenvolvimento urbano, gerando as possibilidades de abordagem entre os domínios e as perspetivas de leitura. Por um lado, investiga-se o enquadramento político-cultural internacional que caracteriza o âmbito da UNESCO, através dos conceitos, dos discursos e do papel das entidades que interferem com os propósitos das candidaturas a PM, com a gestão do património dos bens e dos sítios inscritos na LPM e, por inerência, com as estratégias de desenvolvimento assumidas, na esfera da política nacional e local, para cada um desses bens na LPM, tendo em conta a especialidade, especificidade e complexidade destes processos. Paralelamente, esta análise era contrastada com as críticas ao discurso do PM e da UNESCO. Por outro lado, investiga-se o caráter circunstancial do bem UC-AS, enquanto candidato a PM e como PM, na sua condição de mediador entre a UNESCO e o seu contexto urbano. Primeiramente, investiga-se os desígnios e intenções de candidatura e, de modo particular, a problemática inerente à construção da Cidade Universitária de Coimbra, na Alta, em função da destruição e da construção de património e do papel dos arquitetos para o desenho de cidade. Depois, investiga-se o sistema de gestão da UC-AS (o plano, o agente e os instrumentos), as questões de propriedade inerentes à autonomia de gestão do património, bem como, as políticas e práticas de intervenção sobre o património assumidas no âmbito da gestão nacional e local, como o caso da desclassificação da Igreja de São Domingos, na Rua da Sofia. Por fim, investiga-se as influências e concretizações da candidatura sobre o contexto urbano da UC-AS, a partir do restabelecimento do laço univer(sc)idade e da capacidade de negociação entre os dois agentes implicados em todo o processo, a UC e a Câmara Municipal de Coimbra. Esta investigação tem uma particularidade: os seus resultados parciais foram sendo comunicados ou publicados, por artigos científicos, depois de terem sido sujeitos a revisão por pares. Desse ponto de vista, o resultado da tese que se apresenta constitui-se na evolução crítica sobre essa produção e os resultados obtidos levaram-nos a concretizar três sínteses conclusivas: a primeira explica a eminente componente política atribuída a estes processos; a segunda distingue a componente da especificidade técnico-científica atribuída a estes processos, sendo que, o caso da candidatura da UC-AS se determina ancorada ao campo disciplinar da arquitetura; e a terceira considera que uma candidatura a PM deve ser um ativo para a gestão integrada da área candidata e do desenvolvimento urbano da sua área de influência, em função da sustentabilidade do sistema. Adicionalmente, a partir dos seus resultados e interpretações, esta investigação lança novas perspetivas sobre os argumentos utilizados pelo discurso ‘anti-UNESCO’.
This PhD in Architecture research seeks to analyse and understand the World Heritage nomination of the University of Coimbra – Alta and Sofia (WHN UC-AS) as an operator of urban development, for Coimbra. The starting research premise is that the WHN UC-AS was a strategy to promote the urban development through the reimplementation of the bond encountered in the univer(sc)ity. This urban development, based on safeguarding and valorising the architectural heritage of the UC and on the revitalisation and rehabilitation of the nominated urban areas is central to our study, which seeks to understand ‘why’ and ‘how’ a WHN process can be implemented as an operator of urban development. Taking into account the interest in understanding of this phenomenon – that is, the WHN process in its emergence, with its management system and its implementation – in regards to its reference space, the main purpose of this research is to analyse and understand the transformative process, which was initiated by this nomination process and the consequences of its implementation on the urban development of its urban context, the Alta (uptown), the Sofia (downtown) and its buffer zone. The UC-AS, has been a WH site since June 22nd 2013. Its documental process ended on that date, although it had been formalised when the UC reached the point of being taken into consideration as suitable for a nomination for the WH List and had been added to the Tentative List of Portugal already in 2004. The scope of our research is based not only on the documental process, but also, and in particular, in its content. There, a political strategy and an architectural intervention strategy have been achieving results before the date of inscription, suggesting that the capacity of the WHN UC-AS process was promoting a dynamic of transformation over its surrounding area for data collected up to the year 2017. To achieve our main purpose, we used a case study of the WHN UC-AS process as a qualitative research strategy. Firstly an exploratory approach, which through the application of an analytic, interpretative and explanatory study turned into an explanatory approach with qualitative methods. This case study investigation was supported with documents that were used, produced and developed for the nomination process. Those were concerning the formalisation of the nomination dossier as well as the implementation of qualified projects regarding architectural intervention in the UC heritage and in the urban heritage, which then were being constantly contrasted by a literature review. According to our intent of articulating the space field considered with regards to the space (conceptual and material) of the WHN UC-AS process – UNESCO, the property and its urban context – as well as the perspectives of interpretation considered relating the strategies (a political and an architectural intervention) assumed in the WHN UC-AS process – the WHN UC-AS, the heritage management and urban development and the methodology generated approach possibilities and/or evidences to study. On the one hand, this research investigated the international framework of the political and cultural scope which characterises UNESCO. This was achieved through the concepts, the discourses and the role of the advisory bodies, that interfere within the WHN’s purposes, the heritage management of World Heritage sites and, consequently, the assumed strategies for development by each nomination process, on a national and local political level, considering the expertise, the specificity and the complexity of these processes. In parallel, this analysis was contrasted with the critical discourse against UNESCO policies. On the other hand, this research investigated the circumstances of the property, as a nominated property and as a WH site, considering its role of spatial mediator between the UNESCO and its urban context. Firstly, it approached the purposes and intentions of Coimbra’s nomination process, particularly, the problematic topic of the construction of the University City of Coimbra, in Alta, taking into account the destruction of heritage and construction of new heritage and the role of architects for the plan of the city. Then, this study investigated the Property management system (the management plan, model and instruments) and the property issues, like ownership surveys that may threaten the autonomy of the management system of the property. Under this perspective, it investigated as well the policies and practices at a national level of the heritage management, like the case of declassification decision concerning the Church of São Domingos (Sofia). Finally, this research investigated the influences and the implementations of the nomination process over the urban context of the UC-AS, beginning with the reconstruction of the bond univer(sc)ity and the negotiation ability between the main stakeholders concerning the nomination process, the UC and the Municipality of Coimbra. This research is formulated by one particular aspect: its partial results had been communicated or published through scientific papers, after a peer-review process. In that sense, this final document can be considered the evaluated critical evolution over the cumulative results and outcomes, which carry out three conclusive ideas: the first explains the eminent political role of these processes; the second distinguishes the characteristics of its specificity based on technical-scientific applications and elucidates that the case of WHN UC-AS was developed within the field of architecture; the third considers that these nomination processes should be an influence for the integrated management of the nominated area within the urban development of its buffer zone, in order to guarantee the sustainability of the urban system. Furthermore, this PhD research contributes to discuss the arguments utilised by an ‘anti-UNESCO’ discourse.

Der UNESCO-Welterbestatus als ein kontroverses Thema in der lokalen bis globalen Öffentlichkeit gewinnt für die Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung in Europa zunehmend an Bedeutung. Denn zum einen nehmen die Nominierungen europäischer Stätten als Weltkulturerbe zu, und zum anderen hält der Trend zur räumlichen Polarisierung an. Es wachsen die Disparitäten zwischen peripheren und metropolen Regionen und ihren Städten. Der Notwendigkeit, wirtschaftliche, demografische und kulturelle Konzentrationsprozesse in Metropolen nachhaltig zu lenken, steht die Herausforderung gegenüber, angesichts von Schrumpfung und vielfältigen Problemlagen in peripheren Regionen, Erreichtes zu stabilisieren und Entwicklungen zu stimulieren. Der UNESCO-Weltkulturerbestatus ist in Folge dieser Entwicklungen für immer mehr lokale und regionale Akteure ein relevantes Thema, das gegenwärtig in metropolen Welterbestätten vor allem als Entwicklungsbarriere und Konfliktpotenzial und in peripheren Regionen als Chance für Stabilität und Entwicklung brisant erscheint. Tatsächlich ist das Wirkpotenzial des UNESCO-Labels für die Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung kaum beschrieben. Es fehlen zum einen umfassende Evaluationen, die die Wirkungen des Weltkulturerbestatus im Querschnitt der soziokulturellen bis wirtschaftlichen Stadtentwicklungsthemen darstellen, negative Effekte thematisieren und das Wirken des Labels am Maßstab der Nachhaltigkeit bewerten. Zum anderen fehlen Studien, die systematisch erklären, warum der Welterbestatus wie auf die Stadtentwicklung wirkt und welche Bedingungen das Wirken des Welterbeslabels beeinflussen. Die räumliche Lage einer Welterbestätte und das Handeln ihrer Akeure sind dabei aus praktischer und theoretischer Sicht wesentliche und bislang unzureichend untersuchte Bedingungen. Im Ergebnis mangelt es an übertragbaren, wissenschaftlichen und praxisrelevanten Ableitungen, wie - in Anbetracht differenzierter lokaler Konstellationen - der Welterbestatus ein Teil nachhaltiger Stadtentwicklung sein kann. Ziel der Arbeit sind demnach raumdifferenzierte und akteurszentrierte Ansätze, die den UNESCO-Welterbestatus als Potenzial nachhaltiger Stadtentwicklung erschließen: ihn schützen und nutzen. Dazu wurde das Wirken des Welterbelabels für die nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung evaluiert, differenziert für den peripheren und metropolen Raum und in Abhängigkeit vom lokalen Akteurshandeln. Als theoretische Leistung der Arbeit wurde ein eigenständiger Evaluationsansatz entwickelt. Er dient der Feststellung und Bestimmung der Wirksamkeit des Welterbelabels für die nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung auf Grundlage des sozialwissenschaftlichen Kausalitätsverständnisses und der theoriebasierten Plausibilisierung der Wirkrekonstruktionen. Er ermöglicht, entscheidungs- und verbesserungsorientiertes Wirkungswissen sowie theoriebildendes Wissen zu erarbeiten. Empirische Grundlage ist dafür die Untersuchung dreier, theoriebasiert augewählter Fallbeispiele. Es sind die Weltkulturerbestädte St. Petersburg (Russland), Stralsund und Wismar (Deutschland). Die Städte ähneln sich in dem Merkmal, dass ihre Innenstädte flächenhaft als Weltkulturerbestätte anerkannt sind. Sie unterscheiden sich in ihren Konstellationen der Kriterien "Lage im Raum" (metropoler versus peripherer Kontext) und "Verhalten der Stadtverwaltung" gegenüber dem Welterbelabel (Passivität versus Aktivität). Die zentralen Forschungsergebnisse der Arbeit lassen sich letztlich in vier Punkten zusammenfassen: 1. Der Weltkulturerbestatus ist nachweislich ein Potenzial der Stadtentwicklung, das in einem breiten Themenquerschnitt Entwicklungen der Welterbestadt bedingt bzw. bedingen kann. Die Daten der Arbeit belegen, dass der Welterbestatus sowohl die lokalen Lebensqualitäten und Wirtschaftsentwicklungen in den Fallstudien, als auch die lokale Denkmalpflege und das öffentliche Stadtentwicklungshandeln verändern kann. 2. Das Welterbelabel wirkt bisher in keiner der untersuchten Welterbestädte gezielt nachhaltig-positiv (Nachhaltigkeitsthese). Die Wirkungen des Welterbelabels in den Fallstudien entsprechen nicht durchgehend dem Maßstab der Nachhaltigkeit. Nachhaltigkeit ist in der Arbeit über die Prinzipien der Integration, Partizipation und Verteilungsgerechtigkeit operationalisiert. Negative nicht nachhaltige Wirkungen in den Fallstudien sind beispielsweise welterbelabelbedingte Parallelstrukturen in den Stadtverwaltungen und Überlastungen lokaler Akteure (Verteilungsgerechtigkeit), intransparente Entscheidungsprozesse sowie die labelbedingte Produktion bzw. Verstärkung verwaltungsinterner Ressortgrenzen (Partizipation), welterbestatusbedingte Abschreckungen von lokalen Wirtschaftsakteuren sowie massive Gefährdungen des Bauerbes trotz Welterbelabel (Integration). Diese negativen Teilwirkungen des UNESCO-Labels sind unter anderem die Folge von Unachtsamkeit bzw. Desinteresse lokaler, insbesondere durchsetzungsstarker Akteure gegenüber potenziellen Wirkbereichen des Welterbelabels in der Stadtentwicklung. Die Nachhaltigkeitsthese besagt dementsprechend: Der Welterbestatus ist in den untersuchten Welterbestädten ein ungenutztes Potenzial für nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung. Denn die Wirkmöglichkeiten des Welterbestatus zur Beförderung des lokalen Denkmalschutzes, der lokalen Lebensqualität und Wirtschaftsentwicklung werden von den Akteuren der Stadtverwaltung, Privatwirtschaft und Zivilgesellschaft nicht konsequent integrativ, transparent-partizipativ und effizient-ressourcengerecht bedacht und genutzt. 3. Das Welterbelabel ist ein räumlich differenziertes und akteursabhängiges Potenzial für die (nachhaltige) Stadtentwicklung (Raum- und Akteursthese). Es wirkt begleitend, statt entscheidend auf lokale Entwicklungen. Drittes Kernergebnis der Arbeit ist der Nachweis des UNESCO-Welterbelabels als ein relatives, nämlich räumlich differenziertes und akteursabhängiges Potenzial für die Stadtentwicklung. So betont die Raumthese der Arbeit den Einfluss des räumlichen Kontextes einer Welterbestadt auf die lokalen Möglichkeiten der Inwertsetzung und des Wirkens des Labels. Sie besagt: Das Potenzial des UNESCO-Weltkulturerbestatus für die Stadtentwicklung ist für Welterbestädte des peripheren Raumes größer als für Welterbestädte des metropolen Raumes, denn in Städten des peripheren Raumes mobilisiert der Welterbestatus deutlich stärker die Lokalakteure, Ideen und Aktivitäten zur Stadtentwicklung zu entwickeln und umzusetzen. Es sind Absichten und Aktivitäten zum Schutz und zur Nutzung des Welterbestatus. In der Tendenz sind die Wirkungen des Welterbestatus für den Schutz des baulichen (Welt-) Erbes und die soziokulturelle und ökonomische Stadtentwicklung zudem für periphere Welterbestädte relativ stärker als für Welterbestädte im metropolen Raum. Die Bedingungen für die Inwertsetzung des Welterbestatus sind allerdings im peripheren Raum relativ schlechter als in metropolen Welterbestädten, aufgrund begrenzter Finanz- und Personalressourcen der Lokalakteure aus Lokalwirtschaft, Zivilgesellschaft und Stadtverwaltung. Neben dem räumlichen Kontext einer Welterbestadt sind die Wirkungen des Welterbelabels in der Stadtentwicklung nachweislich vom Handeln der Lokalakteure abhängig. Die Akteursthese der Arbeit besagt: Das Potenzial des Welterbestatus für die Stadtentwicklung ist bedingt durch das Handeln der lokalen Akteure. Je aktiver und querschnittsorientierter Lokalakteure mit Durchsetzungsvermögen den Welterbestatus in Wert setzen, das heißt schützen und nutzen, desto deutlicher und vielfältiger sind die Wirkungen des UNESCO-Labels für die Stadtentwicklung im Rahmen des theoretisch Möglichen. Das prinzipiell positive wie negative Wirkpotenzial des UNESCO-Labels wird erst durch das Handeln, insbesondere durchsetzungsstarker Akteure wie leitende Stadtverwaltungsvertreter aktiviert. Das Wirkpotenzial des Welterbestatus in allen untersuchten Bereichen der Stadtentwicklung ist allerdings nachweislich begrenzt. Denn das Label spricht stets nur kleine Zielgruppen an und wirkt in ihnen als begleitendes, statt entscheidendes Argument für Verhaltensweisen. Ein stetes Mehr an lokalen Inwertsetzungsaktivitäten stößt letztlich an diese intrinsischen Wirkgrenzen des UNESCO-Labels (die Grenzen des theoretisch Möglichen) und damit auf den so genannten abnehmenden Grenznutzen. Zudem ist das lokale Wirken des Welterbelabels nicht allein von lokalen Bedingungen, wie dem Raumkontext der Stätte und das Akteurshandeln beeinflusst. Es steht nachweislich auch - in Einzelfällen sehr deutlich - im Zusammenhang mit überlokalen Bedingungen und Akteurshandlungen. 4. Differenzierte Ansätze, die den Raumkontext und die Akteurskonstellationen der Welterbestätte als Wirkbedingungen reflektieren und abstrahieren, sind praxisrelevante und übertragbare Anregungen dafür, den Welterbestatus nachhaltig als Potenzial der Stadtentwicklung zu erschließen. Letztes Kernergebnis der Arbeit sind zwei übertragbare Ansätze, die den Welterbestatus als Potenzial nachhaltiger Stadtentwicklung differenziert für die Konstellationen „Welterbestädte im metropolen Raum“ und „Welterbestädte im peripheren Raum“ erschließen. Sie bieten inhaltliche, strukturelle und prozessuale Anregungen für das (Verwaltungs-) Handeln in Welterbestädten, die auf den Fallstudienergebnissen, auf Erfahrungen weiterer deutscher Welterbestädte sowie auf den aktuellen internationalen Diskussionen zum Management von Welterbestätten beruhen. Das Forschungsergebnis zum relativen, raumdifferenzierten und akteursabhängigen Potenzial des Welterbelelabels für die Stadtentwicklung begründet die Differenzierung der Ansätze. Es ist zudem der Ansatzpunkt, um die vielschichtigen Situationen in den untersuchten Fallstudien nachvollziehbar in Form von context-mechanism-output configurations zu abstrahieren und damit die Übertragung der Ansätze auf andere Welterbestädte ähnlicher Konstellationen prinzipiell zu ermöglichen. Vor diesem Hintergrund sollte das Leitbild für den lokalen Umgang mit dem Welterbe(status) in metropolen Stadtregionen lauten: Das bauliche (Welt)Erbe der Stadt ist geschützt und wird genutzt und weiterentwickelt, ohne die ihm spezifischen und schützenswerten Charakteristika zu beeinträchtigen und vor dem Hintergrund eines starken Rückhaltes des Denkmalschutzes in der Stadtgesellschaft. Das Leitbild reflektiert sowohl den lokalen Handlungsbedarf und die ideelle Verpflichtung der Stadtgesellschaft gegenüber der internationalen Staatengemeinschaft, das (Welt-) Erbe dauerhaft zu schützen, als auch die empirisch-theoretisch begründete Folgerung, dass aus der lokalen Inwertsetzung des UNESCO-Labels keine bzw. maximal marginale Wirkungen für die lokale Wirtschafts- und soziokulturelle Stadtentwicklung resultieren. Es zielt weder auf das kategorische Ausschließen soziokultureller und wirtschaftlicher Entwicklungen im Welterbegebiet, noch auf den Rückzug der Denkmalpflege, sondern sucht, das Ausbalancieren von Schutz- und Entwicklungszielen nachhaltig zu qualifizieren. Das Leitbild entspricht in diesem Sinne grundsätzlich dem bekannten Leitbild der bewahrenden Stadtentwicklung. Die überlokale Sichtbarkeit des Welterbelabels sowie das garantierte Mindestmaß an Aufmerksamkeit und Mitgestaltungswillen für die lokale Stadtentwicklung seitens der internationalen UNESCO und ICOMOS definieren jedoch letztlich die besondere Chance und brisante Herausforderung des Welterbelabels für die nachhaltige Entwicklung in metropolen Stadtregionen. Der in der Arbeit entwickelte Ansatz für den lokalen Umgang mit dem Welterbelabel greift deshalb zunächst auf prozessuale und strukturelle Elemente zurück, die eine nachhaltige, bewahrende Entwicklung auch in Nichtwelterbestädten fördern und detailliert diese dann in wenige Punkten entsprechend der spezifischen Notwendigkeiten und Erfahrungen in UNESCO-Weltkulturerbestädten. Die welterbespezifischen Notwendigkeiten berühren in metropolen Welterbestädten in erster Linie die nachhaltige \"Sicherung der Qualität von Planungszielen, Maßnahmen und Projekten\" für das (Welt-) Erbegebiet in konfliktfreier Kooperation mit den überlokalen Welterbegremien und ohne Aufgabe der kommunalen Selbstbestimmung sowie die nachhaltige Verankerung des Welterbeschutzgedankens in der lokalen Stadtgesellschaft. Das Leitbild für den Umgang mit dem Welterbe(status) in peripheren Stadtregionen sollte in Ergänzung dazu lauten: Das bauliche (Welt-)Erbe der Stadt ist geschützt und wird genutzt und weiterentwickelt, ohne die ihm spezifischen und schützenswerten Charakteristika zu beeinträchtigen und vor dem Hintergrund eines starken Rückhaltes der Denkmalpflege in der Stadtgesellschaft. Der Welterbestatus wird nachhaltig und erfolgreich genutzt, um soziokulturelle und wirtschaftliche Stabilität bzw. Entwicklungen zu befördern. Im Unterschied zu Welterbestädten im metropolen Raum zielt das Leitbild, neben dem nachhaltigen Schutz des (Welt-)Erbes, folglich auch auf die Nutzung des Welterbelabels für die soziokulturelle und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung bzw. Stabilität der Stadt. Denn sowohl die Handlungsbedarfe in peripheren Welterbestädten, als auch die lokalen Inwertsetzungsabsichten und die theoretisch begründbaren Wirkmöglichkeiten des Welterbestatus sprechen für die Aktivierung der soziokulturellen und wirtschaftlichen Wirkchancen des UNESCO-Welterbelabels. Dabei ist es entscheidend, lokale Strukturen und Prozesse auf- bzw. auszubauen, die nicht nur der Inwertsetzung des UNESCO-Labels dienen, sondern allgemeinhin die sozioökonomische Entwicklung der Stadt fördern. Denn zum einen sind in peripheren Städten die lokalen Handlungsressourcen begrenzt und zum anderen sind den Wirkmöglichkeiten des UNESCO-Titels intrinsische Grenzen gesetzt. Die überlokale Sichtbarkeit des Welterbelabels, die nationale ideelle Mitverantwortung für die lokale Welterbepflege sowie der Zugang zu (inter-)nationalen Welterbenetzwerken definieren letztlich die besondere Chance des Labels für die nachhaltige Entwicklung in peripheren Städten. Der detaillierte Ansatz für den lokalen Umgang mit dem Welterbelabel thematisiert folglich auch, wie diese spezifischen Möglichkeiten nachhaltig genutzt werden könnten. Letztlich liegt in der systematisch differenzierenden Untersuchung zu den Wirkungen verschiedener lokaler Welterbemanagementsysteme weiterer Forschungsbedarf. Es sind Best Practice Beispiele für die nachhaltige (Welt-) Erbepflege und sozioökonomische Welterbelabelnutzung zu identifzieren und kommunizieren, um die Idee des weltweiten Erbes der Menschheit in allen, metropolen wie peripheren Regionen umsetzen zu helfen. Die UNESCO als Träger der Welterbeidee sollte derartige Forschungen verstärkt anstoßen und kommunizieren und damit stärker als bisher ein konstruktiver Partner für die gestaltenden Akteure in Welterbestätten sein. Im Ergebnis ist die Arbeit sowohl ein Beitrag zu aktuellen welterbebezogenen Fachdiskussionen (Welterbemanagement), als auch zu den gegenwärtigen Ziel- (Leitbilddiskussion zur Nachhaltigkeit) und Steuerungsdiskussionen in der Raumentwicklung (Governance, evidenzbasierte Planung).