Journal articles: 'Historical masonry'

1

Peng, Bin, Sandong Wei, Libo Long, Qizhen Zheng, Yueqiang Ma, and Leiyu Chen. "Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Historical Squat Masonry Walls Strengthened by UHPC and Reinforced Polymer Mortar Layers." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 21, 2019): 2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9102096.

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Strengthening historical brick masonry walls is important because these walls are major load-bearing members in many architectural heritages. However, historical brick masonry has low elastic modulus and low strength, historical masonry walls are prone to surface treatment or other structural intervention, and some of the walls lack integrity. These characteristics make effective strengthening of historical masonry walls difficult. To address the issue, strengthening layers made up of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) are potentially useful. To investigate the strengthening effect of the UHPC layers, the authors constructed three squat walls using historical bricks and mortar collected from the rehabilitation site of a historical building, and strengthened two of the walls with a UHPC layer and a reinforced polymer mortar layer respectively. The three walls were broken down by horizontal cyclic force along with constant vertical compression, and then the unstrengthened one was strengthened in-situ by a UHPC layer and was tested again. The experimental results indicate that the UHPC layers significantly improved the in-plane shear resistance and cracking load of the squat walls, without decreasing the walls’ ultimate deformation. They effectively strengthened both moderately and severely damaged historical masonry walls, because the UHPC filled the existing damages and improved the integrity of the masonry substrate. In addition, the UHPC layers intervened the historical walls less than the reinforced polymer mortar layer. Therefore, the UHPC layers are efficient in strengthening historical squat masonry walls.

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Brozovsky, Jiri, Marek Jašek, Lucie Mynarzová, and Markéta Maluchová. "Numerical Modelling of Historical Masonry Structures." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.182.

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The paper discusses selected aspects on numerical modelling of historical masonry structures. Linear elastic material models are mentioned first, and then non-linear models are discussed. The paper includes several examples of solutions which have been done with use of these models. There is also an example of results which can be obtained from anon-linear analysis of masonry structures. The finite element method is used for computations.

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Aldrebi, Ziad Ahmad. "Historical Masonry Towers: Overview, Seismic Vulnerability, Behavior During an Earthquake, Seismic Strengthening." Earthquake Engineering. Construction Safety, no. 6 (December 25, 2020): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37153/2618-9283-2020-6-49-66.

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The article provides an overview of historic masonry towers such as the minarets of mosques, bell towers of churches, clock towers, leaning towers, so-called "falling towers" and ruined towers. It was considered what kind of masonry, what kind of mortars the Romans, the ancient Egyptians, the Inca and Mayan cultures in America used. Some aspects of seismic vulnerability of masonry towers were studied. The modes of destruction of thin masonry structures, mechanisms of destruction of masonry in towers are considered, the seismic behavior of historical masonry towers are considered, and one of the methods of seismic strengthening using an innovative "smart" material is presented.

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Gravitz, Melvin A. "Mesmerism and Masonry: Early Historical Interactions." American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 39, no. 4 (April 1997): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00029157.1997.10403394.

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Branco, Miguel, and Luís Manuel Guerreiro. "Seismic rehabilitation of historical masonry buildings." Engineering Structures 33, no. 5 (May 2011): 1626–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.01.033.

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ORLOVICH, R. B., A. S. GORSHKOV, V. N. DERKACH, S. S. ZIMIN, and M. V. GRAWIT. "CAUSES OF DAMAGE TO MASONRY AFTER RESTORATION." Building and reconstruction 99, no. 1 (2022): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2022-99-1-48-58.

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The article provides the analysis of the causes of damage in the masonry of historical buildings after their restoration. It has been established that the use of mortars of an increased grade and, accordingly, stiffness during repairs of historical masonry leads to an increase in tensile stresses in bricks under temperature and humidity effects. The reasoning behind the use of such mortars is to increase the strength and durability of the restored areas of historical masonry. The results of numerical simulation show that the masonry mortar must be sufficiently strong in compression and, at the same time, sufficiently plastic. It is shown that the use of hard mortars based on a cement binder, compared with plastic mortars based on a lime binder, on average doubles the value of normal tensile stresses at a temperature difference ∆Т=+100С.. This effect is much higher when stones swell due to their moisture. According to the results, for restoration work with brickwork, one should use mortars in accordance with the technology corresponding to this historical period, i.e., lime with additives that were identified during laboratory tests of samples taken from historical masonry. Low-grade mineral solutions with a low modulus of elasticity are preferable. It increases the crack resistance of the masonry under temperature and humidity effects. The article also shows that improper jointing of masonry joints facilitates the destruction of masonry. It happens when areas of accumulation of rainwater are formed, leading to increased wetting of stones in areas of direct impact of rainfall.

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Khider, Takwa A., and Hayder A. Al-Baghdadi. "Dynamic Response of Historical Masonry Minaret under Seismic Excitation." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091459.

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In order to study the dynamic response of historical masonry structures, a scaled down brick masonry model constructed in civil engineering department at Baghdad University to simulate a part of a real case study, which is Alkifil historic minaret. Most of the previous researches about masonry structures try to understand the behavior of the masonry under seismic loading by experimental and numerical methods. In this paper, the masonry units (bricks) simulated in scale (S= 1/6) with the exact shape of the prototype bricks. Cementitious tile adhesive was selected to be the mortar for the modeling. The height of the model designed to be 1.5 m with a 0.5 m diameter. Detailed construction steps were presented in this paper. Experts built the model with high accuracy. A shaking table and other dynamic testing facilities were used at the University of Baghdad. The model was tested using the time-compressed El Centro 1940 NS earthquake at different amplitudes. The first ground motion of (PGA= 0.05g) which considered as weak ground motion was used to check the adequacy of the conventional behavior of the masonry model and the limit of the elastic behavior of the model during weak earthquakes. Moderate ground motion (PGA=0.15g) was performed to investigate the response of the model with minor to moderate damages. The severe ground motions were not appropriate to use in such circumstances because of the possibility to overturn the model. The experimental results showed very adequacy of the model to withstand the weak and moderate earth motion with no observed cracks.

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8

Siewczynska, Monika, and Barbara Ksit. "The influence of the moisture content in historical masonry walls on the load bearing capacity." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900100.

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The moisture content in historical masonry walls, particularly on the ground floor, caused by i.e. lack of damp insulation, is a phenomenon of common occurrence. It is usually analysed in terms of mycological changes, thermal insulation and frost damage. The paper discusses the influence of the increased moisture content on the weight and load bearing capacity of the structure. The determination of moisture content in masonry elements, performed during the inspection of the building, provides information from which an increase in the structure's weight can be defined. Reliable tests for the moisture content and compressive strength of masonry and mortar components are invasive, and the number of testing in historical buildings should be limited to the minimum necessary to preserve their vintage nature. As a result, the received overall picture of the work of masonry may not be consistent with its actual state since historical buildings could have been rebuilt or repaired, and consequently, contain masonry conversions made of various materials with different properties. Absorbability can serve here as an example as it is a factor that disrupts a reliable determination of load bearing capacity values of masonry structures. The article attempts to determine the change in load bearing capacity of a moist masonry structure compared to the original - in the air-dry state - for various types of historical masonry and mortar components. The main influence analysed was due to capillary action, whereas the effect of other sources of moisture, i.e. salinity, was excluded.

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Belentsov, Yu A., A. M. Kharitonov, and A. P. Leykin. "Evaluationof the bearing capacity of the historical buildings’ masonry." Вестник гражданских инженеров 18, no. 4 (2021): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2021-18-4-79-85.

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The reliability of historical buildings` brick structures is usually evaluated on the basis of analysis based on empirical formulas that use characteristics of brick and masonry mortar, which are obtained as a result of testing samples of materials taken from the structures. The practice of making such evaluations often shows an obvious discrepancy between the visual state of the structure and the analysis results obtained. Brick-masonry that does not have signs of the load-bearing capacity loss may be evaluated as emergency brick-masonry, and structures that have clearly lost their integrity are sometimes assumed to be sufficiently reliable. The currently valid regulatory documents provide for the possibility of using standard samples for direct evaluation of the strength of brickwork, but it requires adaptation to the conditions of the of historical objects` survey. This paper presents substantiation for the need of using standard samples to evaluate the strength parameters of historical objects` masonry.

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Chen, Zhouyi, Wenyuan Chen, Chenglin Mai, Jianguang Shi, Yiren Xie, and Hongmei Hu. "Experimental Study on the Compressive Behaviors of Brick Masonry Strengthened with Modified Oyster Shell Ash Mortar." Buildings 11, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11070266.

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Masonry bricks were widely used in construction of the walls in most of Chinese historical buildings. The low strength of lime–clay mortar used in existing historical brick masonry walls has usually led to poor performance such as cracking and collapse during earthquakes. As the composition of modified oyster shell ash mortar (MOSA mortar) with higher strength is similar to that of lime–clay mortar, it can be used to partially replace original lime–clay mortar for historical brick masonry buildings in order to improve their seismic performance. Previous research has proven that this strengthening method for brick masonry is effective in improving shear strength. In this paper, we present further experimental research regarding the compressive behaviors of brick masonry strengthened by replacing mortar with a MOSA mortar. The test results showed that the compressive strength of brick masonry specimens strengthened by the proposed method meets the design requirements. The formula for calculating compressive strength for brick masonry strengthened by replacing mortar was obtained by fitting the test results. The calculated values were consistent with the tested ones. In addition, the stress–strain relationship of tested specimens under axial compression was simulated using the parabolic model.

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11

Gelfond, Anna L., and Alexandra V. Lisitsyna. "A Trade Street of a Small Town as a Public Space(by the Example of Nizhny Novgorod Region)." Scientific journal “ACADEMIA. ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION”, no. 1 (March 22, 2018): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2018-1-17-27.

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Located round Nizhny Novgorod one of thelarge commercial and industrial centres of the Povolzhie (the Volga region), these towns possess their own regional specific character determined by the historically developed trade and craft traditions. The location of the main trade street in the town generallayout its relation to the transportation scheme, its planning, housing, architectural dominants, transformations and losses, today's state are studied for each town. Various types of trade streets built in thelate XVIII - early XX centuries are shown: a street-corridor with straight tracing and continuous masonry housing (Gostinny Ryad street in Arzamas), a street with direct tracing and dispersed masonry and masonry-wooden housing (Bolshaya Sovetskaya street in lyskovo), a street with curved picturesque tracing and continuous masonry housing (Nizhegorodskaya street in Pavlovo), space formed by three streets with a multiraw arrangement of continuous masonry buildings (Gorky street Bolshoy Kirovskiy sezd Kooperativny sezd in Gorodets). Two types of today's existence of historically formed trade streets of a smalltown are revealed i.e. an active use (Arzamas, Pavlovo) and stagnation (Lyskovo, Gorodets).Main problems of trade streets' modern use and conditions under which these streets may become valuable public spaces in contemporary understanding of this meaning are identified based on studying historical-culturat natural-ecologicat social-economic, architectural and town-planning criteria of assessment of trade streets' viability in modern conditions and ascertaining potential of their development related to the high historical-cultural value of such complexes.

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12

Algeri, Cristiano, Elena Poverello, Giovanni Plizzari, and Ezio Giuriani. "Experimental Study on the Injected Anchors Behaviour on Historical Masonry." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.423.

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The proposed paper reports the results of a research on the behaviour of injected anchors in historical masonry. The purpose of this investigation was to develop a methodology to be used as a preliminary design stage for structural interventions in order to pre-qualify the real strength of this kind of anchors. Several preliminary tests in laboratory with test specimens made of concrete and masonry and a first series of in situ tests on different types of masonry were conducted to analyse the behaviour of the anchorage and of the mortar. As this test is not included in National Standard, the studied standardised methodology could be adopted as a Guideline.

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13

Kheyroddin, A., M. H. Saghafi, and S. Safakhah. "Strengthening of Historical Masonry Buildings with Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP)." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 903–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.903.

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The historical masonry buildings form widespread spectrum of existing buildings in IRAN. destruction on structures illustrate that historical masonry buildings have maximum damages due earthquake, in addition they don't actuate properly about seismic behavior (the main reason of this is lack of proper ductility). Shear of the masonry walls, is the only structural element of these type buildings, undertake gravity load and lateral load. This is the main reason that leads to researchers think over techniques about improvement and strengthening the walls, and also leads to experiencing real samples and scaled models. In this essay, at the beginning was introduced a method about modeling finite elements unreinforced masonry (URM) wall by using of software (ANSYS). In order to verifying the correctness of modeling, it's require to do experimental test on a sample of wall and then that wall should be modeled by illustrated method. Then correctness of modeling method and analyzing method should be verified by comparing the result of numerical modeling with the result of modeling experimental. The experimental model has been examined at Shiraz University. The result of numerical modeling and analyzing illustrate that lateral load-displacement curve is stiffer than experimental curve. And lateral load carrying capacity has precision about 99.28 percent, and lateral displacement has precision about 94.1 percent. also the numerical results agree reasonably well with the experimental results. In the next stage the masonry walls are strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer sheets (CFRPs). five different strengthening methods have been used with different thickness. The strengthened walls are affected by vertical loads and in-plane shear. It is found that the critical loads, the critical displacement, the ultimate loads, the ultimate displacements and the ductile coefficients of the masonry walls strengthened with CFRPs improve remarkably.

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14

Olivito, Renato Sante, Alessandro Tedesco, Rosamaria Codispoti, and Giuseppe Spadea. "Strengthening Strategies of a Historical Masonry Construction." Key Engineering Materials 624 (September 2014): 627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.624.627.

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In the last years, great attention has been given to the preservation of cultural heritage, and different research areas investigated on restoration, conservation and strengthening of monumental ancient constructions. This has been great relevance especially in Italy, the country which holds the greatest cultural heritage in the world. In this context, the use of fiber-reinforced composites as strengthening materials of existing structures revealed to be an efficient, low cost and low impact technique, due to their advantages compared to the use of traditional materials. In the present work, the convent of San Bernardino, a historical construction which belongs to the cultural heritage of the territory of Cosenza, has been taken into consideration, and different strengthening techniques for some of its masonry arches and columns have been proposed. After a detailed cognitive analysis of the construction complex, its structural deficiencies and their reasons have been investigated. A low level of safety of the entire construction have been found, especially in columns and arches of cloister. Starting from this points, several reinforcement interventions, using glass fiber materials, have been designed, in accordance with recent Italian guidelines. In particular, the technique of continuous and discontinuous confinement of columns through the application of composite materials and the effectiveness of the insertion of fiber-reinforced bars as reinforcement of arches have been designed. The strengthening interventions proposed entailed a significant increase of masonry elements strength and improved the overall safety of the monumental complex.

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Huang, Chao Hsun, Shih Hsun Yin, and Shun Chou. "Seismic Assessment of a Historical Masonry Building." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 814–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.814.

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To revitalize a historical building, the Taipei Camphor Factory, a major renovation is being coordinated by National Taiwan Museum. As part of the project, a seismic assessment was conducted to ensure the structural safety of the building. A three-dimensional finite-element analysis was carried out based on material data collected from the field, and it was found out that both the as-is building and the current retrofit plan would not provide adequate seismic capacity. To resolve this problem, an shear walls scheme was configured and seemed to yield a much better performance.

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CALDERINI∗, C., and S. LAGOMARSINO. "A MICROMECHANICAL INELASTIC MODEL FOR HISTORICAL MASONRY." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 10, no. 4 (July 2006): 453–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632460609350605.

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Liberatore, Domenico, Nicola Masini, Luigi Sorrentino, Vito Racina, Maria Sileo, Omar AlShawa, and Luca Frezza. "Static penetration test for historical masonry mortar." Construction and Building Materials 122 (September 2016): 810–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.07.097.

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Brencich, Antonio, and Renata Morbiducci. "Masonry Arches: Historical Rules and Modern Mechanics." International Journal of Architectural Heritage 1, no. 2 (May 31, 2007): 165–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15583050701312926.

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Grazzini, Alessandro. "Sonic and Impact Test for Structural Assessment of Historical Masonry." Applied Sciences 9, no. 23 (November 28, 2019): 5148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9235148.

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Diagnostics is a very important tool of knowledge in the field of historical buildings. In particular, non-destructive techniques allow to deepen the study of the mechanical characteristics of the historical walls without compromising the artistic value of the monumental building. A case study of the use of sonic and impact tests was described, performed using the same instrumented hammer, for the characterization of the masonry walls at the Sanctuary of Santa Maria delle Grazie at Varoni, one of the churches damaged in the 2016 Amatrice earthquake. Sonic tests showed the presence of a discontinous masonry texture, as well as confirming the ineffectiveness of the strengthening work made by injections of lime mortar. The impact test allowed us to obtain the elastic modulus of the omogeneous stones of the masonry. The results obtained from the non-destructive techniques were confirmed by the flat jacks test carried out on the building, confirming the great potential of the non-destructive diagnostics suitable for analyzing important structural parameters without affecting the preservation of historical masonry structures.

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Dong, Zhen Ping, Cong Xia Hou, Xi Guang Liu, and Qing Lin Wang. "Durability Research on Masonry Structures of Historical Buildings in Xi’an Beilin Museum." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 2428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2428.

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By the Xi'an Beilin Museum of Historic Buildings Survey durability of brick masonry and brick surface material X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the durability of historic buildings degradation of common brick, Environmental conditions and construction materials with different degree of degradation is a clear significant difference. According to the survey results, analysis of the durability of brick masonry deterioration of historic buildings causes and influencing factors, such as the future durability of brick masonry buildings to provide a reliable basis for restoration.

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Beconcini, Maria Luisa, Pietro Croce, Paolo Formichi, Filippo Landi, and Benedetta Puccini. "Experimental Evaluation of Shear Behavior of Stone Masonry Wall." Materials 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 2313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092313.

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The evaluation of the shear behavior of masonry walls is a first fundamental step for the assessment of existing masonry structures in seismic zones. However, due to the complexity of modelling experimental behavior and the wide variety of masonry types characterizing historical structures, the definition of masonry’s mechanical behavior is still a critical issue. Since the possibility to perform in situ tests is very limited and often conflicting with the needs of preservation, the characterization of shear masonry behavior is generally based on reference values of mechanical properties provided in modern structural codes for recurrent masonry categories. In the paper, a combined test procedure for the experimental characterization of masonry mechanical parameters and the assessment of the shear behavior of masonry walls is presented together with the experimental results obtained on three stone masonry walls. The procedure consists of a combination of three different in situ tests to be performed on the investigated wall. First, a single flat jack test is executed to derive the normal compressive stress acting on the wall. Then a double flat jack test is carried out to estimate the elastic modulus. Finally, the proposed shear test is performed to derive the capacity curve and to estimate the shear modulus and the shear strength. The first results obtained in the experimental campaign carried out by the authors confirm the capability of the proposed methodology to assess the masonry mechanical parameters, reducing the uncertainty affecting the definition of capacity curves of walls and consequently the evaluation of seismic vulnerability of the investigated buildings.

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Cima, Valentina, Valentina Tomei, Ernesto Grande, and Maura Imbimbo. "Seismic Vulnerability of Italian Historical Towns: The Case of Borgo San Rocco." Advances in Science and Technology 109 (August 24, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.109.1.

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The assessment of the seismic safety level of masonry buildings is a current and important issue at the basis of the complex process of preservation of historical masonry buildings which constitute mostly the Italian and European towns. Nowadays, different approaches able to provide important information concerning the seismic safety level of masonry structures are available. Among these, fragility curves allow to have a prediction of potential damages during an earthquake of geographical areas characterized by similar construction typologies. The present paper concerns the derivation of fragility curves of masonry buildings, typical of Italian historical towns and mainly characterized by the possible occurrence of local out-of-plane collapse mechanisms. To this end, a real case is accounted in the study in order to consider specific parameters characterizing the constructions composing these territorial realities.

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Quiroz, Adolfo Preciado, Silvio T. Sperbeck, Harald Budelmann, Gianni Bartoli, and Elham Bazrafshan. "Seismic Risk Mitigation of Historical Masonry Towers by Means of Prestressing Devices." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.843.

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This work presents the investigation of the efficiency of different prestressing devices as a rehabilitation measure for the seismic risk mitigation of historical masonry towers. As a first phase, the seismic vulnerability of theoretical masonry towers was assessed by means of numerical models validated with information from the literature, observed damage and behavior of these structures due to passed earthquakes (crack pattern and failure mechanisms), and mainly taking into account the engineering experience. Afterwards, the validated models were rehabilitated with different prestressing devices; analyzing the results and concluding which device or the combination of them improved in a better way the seismic performance of the masonry towers. Finally, the methodology will be applied in two historical masonry towers located in seismic areas; the medieval tower “Torre Grossa” of San Gimignano, Italy, and one of the bell towers of the Cathedral of Colima, Mexico.

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Tilki, Embiya, Arif Velioğlu, and Barış Sayın. "A case study on numerical simulation of a historical masonry building." Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics 3, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31462/jseam.2020.04289294.

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Masonry buildings are ordinarily complex construction systems and there is a lack of knowledge and information concerning the behavior of their seismic response. Due to the life safety of masonry buildings under seismic effects are very essential, numerical modeling and analysis of the buildings are an important issue. Because of the insufficient seismic resistance on structural members such as jack arch slabs and masonry walls, numerical studies have become necessary to determine the level of the structural strength of the structures. The tensile strength of load-bearing walls in the buildings is lower whereas, the compressive strength is higher. In this way, tensile cracks occur at structural members due to insufficient tensile resistance. Therefore, the tensile stress locations in the structure are critical. The study focuses on the assessment of historical masonry buildings from the point of seismic resistance. The entire process is performed using a case study from a historical masonry building. In this study conducted in this respect, the existing situation of a historical building using numerical analyses were presented with the cross-disciplinary study of civil engineering and architecture. The linear elastic analysis is selected as an analysis method. The seismic parameters are determined based on the Turkish Earthquake Code (TBEC 2018). Consequently, the study is performed to determine the seismic-resistant of historical buildings within the scope of numerical analyses.

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Yıldız, Özgür, and Ebru Doğan. "Soil-structure interaction analysis of Çelebiağa Mosque, Pertek-Türkiye." Revista de la construcción 21, no. 3 (2022): 749–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/rdlc.21.3.749.

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After the construction of the Keban Dam, some settlements with historical, cultural, and natural value were flooded. A scientific committee consisting of academicians and public authorities decided to the relocation of the buildings including the historical Çelebiağa Mosque. In this study, the seismic soil-structure interaction analysis of the historical Çelebiağa Mosque, which was dismantled and reconstructed in a separate region due to the construction of the Keban Dam was carried out. The analysis of the masonry mosque was performed with the SAP2000 finite element analysis software. The Winkler foundation model was used to idealize the soil environment on which the historical mosque was built. The effects of soil-structure interaction on historical masonry mosque were examined in terms of transmitted acceleration, response spectra, and lateral displacement at various heights of the structure. Depending on the results of the analysis, the effects of soil-structure interaction of a reconstructed historical masonry building were investigated. PGA was obtained as 0.51g at the flag level of the minaret under the Kocaeli earthquake and 0.94g under the Sivrice earthquake. Again, the maximum horizontal displacements of the minaret at the flag level were obtained as 11 cm and 8.5 cm under the Kocaeli and Sivrice earthquakes. The behavior of historical masonry structures under earthquake loads has been interpreted by considering the geological conditions.

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Peng, Bin, Wei Dong Liu, and Wei Bo Yang. "Investigation on Seismic Properties of Load-Bearing Masonry Walls in Chinese Historical Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.783.

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Masonry walls resist most of the lateral loads in some Chinese historical architecture. To investigate the seismic properties of these load-bearing masonry walls, blocks in a typical Chinese old building undergoing retrofit are reserved. Compressive test specimens and wall panel specimens are constructed using these blocks and lime mortar. Mixing of the lime mortar is similar to that used in the old building. Material tests and pseudo-static tests are then performed. The damage modes and hysteretic curves of the wall panel specimens are studied. The test results are expanded through computer simulation. Some characteristics of the load-bearing masonry walls are summarized based on the test and simulation results. The proposed methodology and results can be referred to in further researches on seismic properties of historical masonry architectures.

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Ksiazkiewicz, Allison. "Bricks and Antiquarianism: Masonry and Historical Method in the Historical Sciences." Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies 43, no. 4 (November 20, 2020): 489–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1754-0208.12729.

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Solak, Adem. "Properties of the bearing construction materials used in a historical masonry structure of Haci Hasan Feyzi mosque." Cement Wapno Beton 26, no. 6 (2021): 515–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32047/cwb.2021.26.6.6.

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It is inevitable to determine the earthquake performance of historical structures and to take the necessary precautions to protect historical masonry structures, located in an active earthquake zone. The first stage of evaluating the earthquake performance of historical masonry buildings is a detailed information about such buildings. Therefore, this study aims to investigate material properties of a historical building by means of acid loss, pH, electrical conductivity, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry [XRF], thermal analysis [TG/DTG], petrographic analysis, X-ray diffraction [XRD], density, mass water absorption, volume water absorption, specific mass, porosity and uniaxial loading tests. It has been determined that stones are quartzite, which is a metamorphic rock with high compressive strength, composed of quartz minerals. Examined masonry mortar does not show hydraulic properties, the aggregates are not pozzolanic aggregates and the binder material used in mortars is pure lime.

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Usta, Pınar. "Investigation of a Base-Isolator System’s Effects on the Seismic Behavior of a Historical Structure." Buildings 11, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11050217.

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The earthquake performance of structures with seismic isolation is much better than that of fixed-base structures, and the application of seismic insulation ensures both structural integrity and the protection of the items present in the structures. The base-isolation system is used to extend the fundamental period of vibration of the structure and to obtain higher value from base-isolated structures relative to the fixed-base structure. Historical masonry mosques could be strengthened using a base-isolation technique. In this study, a historical masonry mosque was organized and modelled using SAP2000 software. Nonlinear Time History analyses were carried out for the historical masonry structure, firstly for the fixed-base mosque and secondly for the base-isolated mosque with lead rubber bearing (LRB). The use of a base-isolator system caused an increase in the historical mosque’s period, reducing the displacements, acceleration, and force applied on the mosque and the resulting structural deformation; the results of the analysis indicate a significant improvement in the seismic behavior. The modelling results show that such historical masonry buildings (especially those with high and delicate minarets) can be vulnerable to major earthquakes, and it may be useful to examine strengthening strategies for these buildings.

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Witzany, Jiří, Tomáš Čejka, and Radek Zigler. "Load-Bearing Capacity Determination of Historic Masonry Structures." Advanced Materials Research 923 (April 2014): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.923.81.

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The experimental, in-situ and laboratory research has manifested a relatively large variance of the physical and mechanical characteristics of historical masonry found e.g. within a masonry wall, a massive masonry pillar etc. Artical presents the evaluation of the experimentally determined physical and mechanical characteristics of masonry members and the binder obtained by sampling specimens and by non-destructive measurements relies on the application of appropriate probabilistic methods.

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Livitsanos, Georgios, Naveen Shetty, Els Verstrynge, Martine Wevers, Danny Van Hemelrijck, and Dimitrios G. Aggelis. "Acoustic Emission Health Monitoring of Historical Masonry to Evaluate Structural Integrity under Incremental Cyclic Loading." Proceedings 2, no. 8 (June 30, 2018): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/icem18-05417.

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Historical masonry structures during the decades, were composed with a variety of brick and mortar types according to materials availability of each region and the desirable mechanical properties in each specific case. Different composition of mortars leads to another masonry behavior, and each one is suited for different structural purposes. A crucial aspect in damage evaluation of masonry structures is the analysis of long-term behavior which has a great influence on safety assessment of these structures. In this study, cement, hybrid lime cement, hydraulic lime and lime hydrate mortars were assembled with solid red clay bricks to compose four masonry walls of dimensions 515 × 376 × 90 mm. They were tested under cyclic compression loading. Acoustic Emission (AE) allowed in situ monitoring of damage progression. AE is a powerful non-destructive technique applied to identify micro and macro-defects and their temporal evolution in several materials. This technique permits to estimate a variety of characteristics during fracture propagation to obtain information on the criticality of the ongoing process. Specifically, analyzing and comparing AE parameters among the loading cycles of each wall specimen and among the different masonry compositions, an integrity assessment can be achieved. Furthermore, in each loading and unloading step, pulse velocity measurements were conducted using the AE apparatus in order to gain a velocity distribution mapping among the sensors. Each sensor was pulsed in turn, with all other sensors acting as receivers, generating a velocity matrix from one sensor to another. This provided an insight into the damage severity of masonry walls with the increasing number of loading cycles. This measurement was also necessary for refining AE source location accuracy by using either the horizontal or the vertical velocity. Two different cases were investigated. The use of one uniform velocity for the whole masonry wall and the assumption that the velocity differs in the two vertical directions due to the heterogeneity of the structure. These two cases result in differences in the quantity and the position of the localized events. Furthermore, applying direct ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements, in the direction of the width of masonry walls, another integrity investigation was feasible. The presented results further demonstrate the relationships between AE parameter-based analysis, velocity distribution and source location during cyclic compressive loading in masonry specimens. The identification of the nature of damage through the entire dataset of all sensor arrays provides a promising example for structural health monitoring applications on larger scale masonry specimens. As a conclusion, AE activity analysis proved to be a very efficient approach to evaluate fracture progress in masonry.

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Galli, Elisa, Marco Savoia, Camilla Colla, and Daniele Ferretti. "Mechanical and Mineralogical Characterization of Mortar in Masonry Buildings Damaged by the 20-29^th May Earthquake in Emilia." Key Engineering Materials 624 (September 2014): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.624.379.

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The aim of the work is to characterize mechanical and chemical properties of the mortar, and thus the masonry, of historical buildings damaged by the Emilia May 20-29th 2012 earthquakes. The attention was focused on historical strategic buildings, located in Modena district. The experimental campaign here reported was carried out for each building through four steps: first, a mechanical characterization of masonry was performed in situ using non-destructive and semi-destructive methods (step 1); then, some materials were collected in order to obtain standard specimens of mortar joint and brick (step 2). In laboratory, those samples were properly prepared for testing (step 3) with compression and flexural test setups; finally, a limited number of those mortar samples were tested in order to obtain their chemical properties (step 4). The in-situ and laboratory test results were separately elaborated for mortar and brick, to characterize the single masonry components. The results were then used to estimate the characteristic masonry parameters. Criteria to obtain the masonry behavior were reviewed in order to give the average masonry parameters. The characteristic and average values of compression strength were compared with ranges provided in the codes for the same masonry typology.

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Tomar, Anshu, Dilip Kumar Paul, and Pankaj Agarwal. "Compression and Cyclic Shear Behavior of Lime Mortar Brick Masonry." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 11, no. 05 (December 2017): 1750015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431117500154.

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Most of the British regime engineered heritage brick masonry in northern India is either purely in lime mortar or in lime-surkhi (crushed brick aggregate) mortar. Lime mortar constituting majorly of historical brick masonry stock and influences substantially the dynamic characteristics was investigated. The heritage buildings are highly vulnerable against seismic actions especially in the highly active tectonic regions of Himalayan foothills. Material properties of Historic Unreinforced Brick Masonry (HUBM) in lime mortar are critical to be evaluated for assessment but it is difficult to test the in-situ constituents due to intervention constraints governed by civic bodies on such heritage structures and hence exhaustive testing has been carried out on contemporary lime masonry. Compression tests have revealed the design, yield, ultimate strength and feasible inelastic material properties suitable enough to characterize the cyclic behavior of historical brick masonry in India. Elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson ratio have been evaluated to be on the lower side as compared to contemporary mortars constituted masonry. Parameters such as damping, hysteresis behavior, energy dissipation and stiffness degradation characterizing the seismic behavior in elastic and inelastic range suggested the improved performance of brick masonry with increase in compressive strength of lime mortar.

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Zucca, Marco, Nicola Longarini, Marco Simoncelli, and Aly Mousaad Aly. "Tuned Mass Damper Design for Slender Masonry Structures: A Framework for Linear and Nonlinear Analysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 11, 2021): 3425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083425.

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The paper presents a proposed framework to optimize the tuned mass damper (TMD) design, useful for seismic improvement of slender masonry structures. A historical masonry chimney located in northern Italy was considered to illustrate the proposed TMD design procedure and to evaluate the seismic performance of the system. The optimization process was subdivided into two fundamental phases. In the first phase, the main TMD parameters were defined starting from the dynamic behavior of the chimney by finite element modeling (FEM). A series of linear time-history analyses were carried out to point out the structural improvements in terms of top displacement, base shear, and bending moment. In the second phase, masonry’s nonlinear behavior was considered, and a fiber model of the chimney was implemented. Pushover analyses were performed to obtain the capacity curve of the structure and to evaluate the performance of the TMD. The results of the linear and nonlinear analysis reveal the effectiveness of the proposed TMD design procedure for slender masonry structures.

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Van Gemert, Dionys, Eleni-Eva Toumbakari, Sven Ignoul, and Kris Brosens. "Consolidation and Strengthening of Historical Masonry by Means of Mineral Grouts: Modeling Structural Behavior of Grouted Three-Leaf Masonry." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 21, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2015-0005.

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Abstract Development of mineral grouts for consolidation and strengthening of historical masonry was discussed in Ref. [1]. The properties of the injection grout must counteract the elements that initiate the failure mechanism of multiple leaf historical masonry and lead to its collapse. This paper presents a macro-approach to model the structural behavior of three-leaf masonry. A global approach is used, based on the properties and the behavior of the external leafs, in combination with the properties and behavior of the central core of the three-leaf wall. Evaluation of the models is made by comparison with experimental data.

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Drygala, Izabela J., Joanna M. Dulinska, Łukasz Bednarz, and Jerzy Jasienko. "Seismic Performance of a Historical Apartment Building Using a Barcelona Model (BM) Adapted for Masonry Walls." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 646–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.646.

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The main objective of this study was to examine the dynamic response of a masonry monumental apartment building subjected to a strong seismic event. A three-dimensional FE model of the building was prepared with the ABAQUS Standard software program. Three components of the registered seismic event were applied as seismic excitation acting in three directions. To represent the inelastic behavior of the masonry elements of the structure under the earthquake, a Barcelona Model (BM) was assumed as a constitutive model for the masonry elements. The analysis proved that strongly nonlinear behavior of the masonry monumental apartment building was observed under the strong seismic shock. The plastic strains as well as the tensile damage (cracking) were obtained in some zones of the walls of the structure after seismic shock. In the paper authors also discussed the methodology for strengthening and structural health monitoring dedicated for historical masonry structures.

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Mosoarca, Marius, Iasmina Apostol, Alexandra Keller, and Antonio Formisano. "Consolidation Methods of Romanian Historical Building with Composite Materials." Key Engineering Materials 747 (July 2017): 406–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.747.406.

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Timisoara is a growing city in the western part of Romania, in a seismic area, with a lot of masonry buildings with historical and cultural value, with interesting structural elements such as vaults, arches, slabs, walls, that were affected by earthquakes, subsidence of foundations, negative human actions or lack of interventions. Masonry historical structures in Banat seismic area present particular failure mechanisms, so there is a need for new, modern, fast, easy-to-apply and reversible consolidation methods. With this type of methods is possible to assure the local and global resistance, ductility, stability and rigidity for historical buildings. This article shows the consolidation methods that were applied on the buildings Sf. Gheorghe 3 and 4, in the historical centre of Timisoara, on masonry structures with historical value. The solutions that were applied are using new, innovative fibre-reinforced composite materials, in order to repair the existing damages and prevent further ones. The consolidation solutions with these new composite materials reduce the buildings vulnerability and present the advantage of being fast and easy to be executed.

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Huerta, Santiago. "The Analysis of Masonry Architecture: A Historical Approach." Architectural Science Review 51, no. 4 (December 2008): 297–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/asre.2008.5136.

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Paeglītis, Andris, Ainārs Paeglītis, Inta Vītiņa, and Silvija Igaune. "Study and Renovation of Historical Masonry Arch Bridge." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 8, no. 1 (March 17, 2013): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2013.05.

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Özmen, A., and E. Sayın. "Seismic assessment of a historical masonry arch bridge." Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics 1, no. 2 (July 11, 2018): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31462/jseam.2018.01095104.

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Bob, Corneliu, Sorin Dan, Catalin Badea, Aurelian Gruin, and Dimitrios Pavlou. "Retrofitting of Historical Masonry Buildings in Seismic Zones." IABSE Symposium Report 96, no. 5 (January 1, 2009): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137809796088422.

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Kitamura, T., K. Tohkai, F. Kawagishi, and M. Onishi. "Preservation of Historical Masonry Building by House Moving." Concrete Journal 55, no. 8 (2017): 668–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj.55.8_668.

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Pavlík, Zbyšek, Eva Vejmelková, Milena Pavlíková, Martin Keppert, and Robert Černý. "Characterization of Building Stones Involved in Historical Masonry." Advanced Materials Research 324 (August 2011): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.324.388.

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Basic physical properties, pore size distribution and hygric properties of several types of stones which are used in reconstructions of historical buildings on the territory of the Czech Republic, namely several types of sandstone and argillite, are investigated. Basic physical characteristics are measured using the water vacuum saturation method, pore distribution by mercury porosimetry. Values of water absorption coefficient and apparent moisture diffusivity are determined by methods utilizing the results of water sorptivity measurements. Water vapor transport properties are accessed by the cup method. The obtained data represents valuable information for the application of studied materials in reconstructions and renewal of historical buildings.

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Hejazi, Mehrdad, Seyed Mohammad Moayedian, and Maryam Daei. "Structural Analysis of Persian Historical Brick Masonry Minarets." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 30, no. 2 (April 2016): 04015009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000746.

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Zhang, Shenghan, Martin Hofmann, and Katrin Beyer. "A 2D typology generator for historical masonry elements." Construction and Building Materials 184 (September 2018): 440–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.085.

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Dan, Sorin, and Sorin Herban Petrović. "STRUCTURAL REHABILITATION OF HISTORICAL MASONRY BUILDINGS IN ROMANIA." Zbornik radova Građevinskog fakulteta 32, no. 29 (2016): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14415/konferencijagfs2016.014.

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Pardalopoulos, Stylianos I., Stavroula J. Pantazopoulou, and Christos E. Ignatakis. "Practical seismic assessment of unreinforced masonry historical buildings." Earthquakes and Structures 11, no. 2 (August 25, 2016): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2016.11.2.195.

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Asteris, P. G., M. P. Chronopoulos, C. Z. Chrysostomou, H. Varum, V. Plevris, N. Kyriakides, and V. Silva. "Seismic vulnerability assessment of historical masonry structural systems." Engineering Structures 62-63 (March 2014): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.01.031.

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Pohle, Frank, and Wolfram Jäger. "Material properties of historical masonry of the Frauenkirche and the masonry guideline for reconstruction." Construction and Building Materials 17, no. 8 (December 2003): 651–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-0618(03)00062-x.

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Covatariu, Daniel, Mihai Budescu, Nicolae Ţăranu, Irina Lungu, and Ionut Ovidiu Toma. "Procedures and Techniques Used to Increase the Durability of Weak Masonries with Clay Mortars." Advanced Engineering Forum 8-9 (June 2013): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.8-9.243.

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For the past decades the importance of structural rehabilitation of historical buildings, in order to preserve the cultural heritage, has increased considerably. The weak masonry (made from bricks and bounded with low-strength mortars) were created using mortars which, depending on different external factors, were degraded and there are necessary urgent rehabilitation interventions in order to assure the masonrys durability by protecting the joints with new, compatible and reversible materials and techniques (according to Venice charter requirements). In order to increase the durability characteristics of the weak masonry, the design and application techniques of some particular materials and solutions used will be considered in present paper. The used procedures are based on joints reinforcing using fibre reinforced mortar (fibres made of steel, carbon and glass). The test results have revealed a significant improvement of the structural response and a noticeable increased durability depending on the materials and techniques used.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Historical masonry'

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