Relevant bibliographies by topics / Historical monuments; Conservation; Stone

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Historical monuments; Conservation; Stone'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Historical monuments; Conservation; Stone"

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Ion, Rodica Mariana, Radu Claudiu Fierăscu, Irina Fierăscu, Ioana Raluca Bunghez, Mihaela Lucia Ion, Daniela Caruţiu-Turcanu, Sofia Teodorescu, and Valentin Rădiţoiu. "Stone Monuments Consolidation with Nanomaterials." Key Engineering Materials 660 (August 2015): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.660.383.

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Historical monuments suffer different forms of degradation, due to some improper works on architecture structure, vibrations caused by blasting, traffic, the inadequate restoration, the phenomenon of freeze-thaw, air pollution, humidity and temperature variations, friable mortar, deposits adhering impurities (dust, smoke, tar), soluble efflorescence, poorly soluble or insoluble salts (nitrate, sulfate, chloride, carbonate), and the action of microorganisms. Nowadays, the nanomaterials represent an alternative in architecture conservation, mainly due to their improved mechanical properties, their compatibility as consolidating materials, and because they obey the principle of authenticity of historical monuments. In this paper, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp) are applied to the chalk samples prelevated from Basarabi monument. Some physico-chemical and mechanical properties have been evaluated and discussed for untreated chalk stone and for the treated one with HAp.
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Łukaszewicz, Jadwiga W. "ETHICS AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF RESTORING HISTORICAL STONE MONUMENTS." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 8 (December 20, 2019): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/odk.1083.

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The paper discusses ethical guidelines in relation to the conservation of historical monuments made of stone. The presented rules consider the building stone specificity and its susceptibility to various corrosion factors and the character of deteriorated areas in that kind of historic monuments. The basic conservation rule sounding Primum non nocere is deconvoluted to more particular principles like: (i) to preserve authentic historical matter as a carrier of artistic, scientific and historical value of the object, (ii) to provide minimal scale of intervention, (iii) to provide the reversibility of the methods and particularly materials used from conservation or reconstruction works, (iv) to provide distinguishability of reconstructions parts and (v) to provide the integrity of the work of art. The adaptability of these particular rules to the of conservation of stone artistic artefacts is also presented.
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León-Robles, Carlos, Juan Reinoso-Gordo, and Juan González-Quiñones. "Heritage Building Information Modeling (H-BIM) Applied to A Stone Bridge." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8030121.

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Certain historical works of civil engineering should be preserved as heritage monuments and when possible should continue serving the function they were designed for. Old stone bridges could be sustainably maintained but their conservation requires accurate documentation. In this study, we have scanned Ízbor bridge (1860) in Spain, and to facilitate conservation, we have modeled the ancient bridge using BIM (building information modeling). We propose a method and a model for this kind of bridge to be used as a reference for similar heritage monuments. Ízbor bridge modeled in this way will be useful for government planning and conservation agencies.
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Rives, Vicente, and Jacinta Garcia Talegon. "Decay and Conservation of Building Stones on Cultural Heritage Monuments." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 1689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.1689.

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Preservation of our Historical Cultural Heritage built in stone requires studies on the material itself, on the environment where the monument is located, and even on the microclimate affecting a particular stone in the building. The knowledge of the decay processes, as well as mechanisms governing these processes, and the real effect of factors depending on the intrinsic properties of the material to be studied, and external agents of decay, will allow a rationale use of these materials and to anticipate their behaviour beforehand, in order to success in restoration
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Hatir, Mehmet Ergün, Mücahit Barstuğan, and İsmail İnce. "Deep learning-based weathering type recognition in historical stone monuments." Journal of Cultural Heritage 45 (September 2020): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2020.04.008.

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Caner-Saltık, Emine N. "Atmospheric Weathering of Historic Monuments and Their Related Conservation Issues." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814901009.

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Atmospheric environment affects the materials of historic monuments and their structure starting from the time of their construction. Daily and seasonal changes in temperature and humidity, wind, snow and rainfall, soluble salts carried by water, biological agents, pollutant gases and particulate matter are some of the agents in atmospheric environment that introduce weathering by physical, chemical and biological processes in the materials of the monuments such as natural building stones, bricks, mortars and plasters, mud brick etc. The weathering processes need to be well diagnosed by identification of main mechanisms of decay and major responsible agents, degree and depth of deterioration expressed with measurable parameters of physical, physicomechanical properties, and micro structural changes together with their distribution on the monument. Success of conservation treatments strongly depend on those diagnostic studies and compatibility of the treatments with the deteriorated and relatively sound parts of the historic materials. Current approach to materials conservation is to be able to make minimum intervention to historic material by targeting the conservation treatment to the deteriorated area for the purpose of controlling the deterioration factors and achieving compatible and durable conservation of historical material. In this presentation, two examples of diagnostic research and conservation treatments based on and guided by the diagnostic results are summarized concerning historic stone monuments exposed to atmospheric environment since more than two thousand years. The first example is on the marble walls of Temple of Augustus in Ankara exposed to polluted urban atmosphere. The second example is on the limestone statues of Nemrut Mount Monument in Adıyaman-Turkey, exposed to rural atmosphere with harsh climatic conditions. Finally, a brief discussion on current research issues related to historic materials conservation in atmospheric environment is made.
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Garcia-Talegon, Jacinta, Adolfo C. Iñigo, Santiago Vicente-Tavera, and Eloy Molina-Ballesteros. "Heritage Stone 5. Silicified Granites (Bleeding Stone and Ochre Granite) as Global Heritage Stone Resources from Ávila, Central Spain." Geoscience Canada 43, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2016.43.087.

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Silicified granites were used to build the Romanesque monuments in the city of Ávila, Spain. The building stones comprise two types of granite based on their technical properties and colour: Bleeding Stone (Piedra Sangrante) and Ochre Granite (Caleño). They were used as a facing stone in the city´s Romanesque monuments of the 12th century (e.g. the cathedral and church of San Pedro), and the famous city walls that constitute the best example of military Romanesque Spanish architecture. During the Gothic and Renaissance periods of the 13th and 15th centuries, silicified granites were used mainly to build ribbed vaults, the voissoirs of the arches, and elements of the windows in the monuments of Ávila. Silicified granites are found in the intermediate and upper part of a complex palaeoweathering zone or mantle developed on the Iberian Hercynian Basement which underlies much of the western Iberian Peninsula. The silicification occurred during tropical conditions in the Mesozoic. The weathered mantle was truncated by Alpine tectonic movements during the Tertiary, and its remnants were unconformably overlain by more recent sediments in the western and southern part of the Duero Basin and along the northern edge of the Amblés Valley graben. The historical, and now protected, quarry is located in a village called La Colilla, about 5 km from the city of Ávila. Currently, this stone is exploited only for restoration work performed in the city, for example the Walls of Ávila, and the church of San Pedro. The resource is limited and being depleted, so the stone will be scarce in the near future. Consequently, these silicified granites should be recognized as a Global Heritage Stone Resource. The specific technical properties of these stones and their historic use, decay patterns, durability, and suitability for conservation treatments combine to support its designation as a Global Heritage Stone Resource.RÉSUMÉDes granites silicifiés ont été utilisés pour construire les monuments romans dans la ville d’Ávila, en Espagne. Les pierres de construction comprennent deux types de granite selon leurs propriétés techniques et leur couleur : Bleeding Stone (Piedra sangrante) et Ochre Granite (Caleño). Ils ont été utilisés comme pierre de revêtement de monuments romans du 12ème siècle de la ville (par exemple la cathédrale et de l'église de San Pedro), et pour les célèbres remparts de la ville qui constituent le meilleur exemple de l'architecture espagnole romane militaire. Durant les périodes gothique et Renaissance des 13e et 15e siècles, les granites silicifiés ont été utilisés principalement pour construire des croisés d'ogives, des voussoirs d’arcs et des éléments de fenêtres des monuments d’Ávila. Les granites silicifiés se trouvent dans la partie intermédiaire et supérieure d'une zone complexe de paléo-altération ou de manteau développée sur le socle ibérique hercynien qui supporte une grande partie de la péninsule ibérique occidentale. La silicification s’est produite dans des conditions tropicales au Mésozoïque. Le matériau mantélique altéré a été tronqué par des mouvements tectoniques alpins au cours du Tertiaire, et ses restes ont été recouverts en discordance par des sédiments plus récents dans la partie ouest et sud du bassin de Duero, et le long de la bordure nord de la vallée en graben d’Amblés. L’ancienne carrière, maintenant protégée, est située dans un village appelé La Colilla, à environ 5 km de la ville d’Ávila. Actuellement, cette pierre est exploitée uniquement pour les travaux de restauration effectués dans la ville, par exemple les murs d’Ávila, et l'église de San Pedro. La ressource est limitée et en voie d'épuisement, de sorte que la pierre sera rare dans un proche avenir. Par conséquent, ces granites silicifiés devraient être reconnus en tant que pierre du Patrimoine mondial des ressources en pierre. Les propriétés techniques spécifiques de ces pierres et leur valeur historique, leurs modes de désintégration, leur durabilité et leur pertinence pour la conservation patrimoniale justifient leur désignation en tant que roche du Patrimoine mondial des ressources en pierre. Traduit par le Traducteur
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Salonia, Paolo, Tommaso Leti Messina, Andrea Marcolongo, and Lorenzo Appolonia. "Photo Scanner 3D Survey for Monitoring Historical Monuments. the Case History of Porta Praetoria in Aosta." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 6 (December 21, 2011): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.6.39.

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Accessibility to cultural heritage is one of the most important factors in cultural heritage preservation, as it assures knowledge, monitoring, Public Administration management and a wide interest on cultural heritage sites. Nowdays 3D surveys give the geometric basis for an effective artefact reconstruction but most of the times 3D data are not completely and deeply investigated to extract other useful information on historical monuments for their conservation and safeguard. The Cultural Heritage Superintendence of Aosta decided to run a time continual project of monitoring of the Praetorian Roman Gate with the collaboration of the ITABC, CNR of Italy. The Praetorian Roman Gate in Aosta, Italy, of Augustus ages, is one of the most well-known roman monumental gates, it is a double gate with three arches each side, 12 meters high, 20 meters wide, made of pudding stone ashlars, Badoglio, travertine, marble blocks and other stone insertion due to restorations between 1600 and 1950. In years 2000 a final restoration intervention brought the gate at the present state of art, within the frame of a restoration and conservation building site with the purpose of treat the different decay pathologies and conditions. A complete 3D geometric survey campaign has been the first step for the monitoring of the gate morphologic changes and decay progress in time. The main purpose is to collect both quantitative data, related to the geometry of the gate, and the qualitative data, related to the chromatic change on the surface due to the stone decay. The geometric data with colour information permits to associate materials and stone pathologies to chemical or mechanical actions and to understand and analyse superficial decay kinetics. The colours survey will also permit to directly locate on the 3D model areas of different stratigraphic units. The project aims to build a rigorous quantitative-qualitative database so to be uploaded into a GIS. The GIS will become the monitoring main means. Considering the huge dimension of the gate and its urban location a multi-scale approach has been considered. Controlled and free images have been taken from the ground and the top of the gate so to reconstruct all the walls and the upper cover. A topographic survey has been done so to be able to control and relate all the different acquisitions. It has been chosen a Photo Scanner 3D system. It is a photogrammetry-based survey technology for point clouds acquisition and 3D models configuration, from digital images processing. This technology allows to obtain point clouds (xyz coordinates) with RGB information and geometries at different levels of complexity by processing a number of images taken with a limited set of constraints, with the use of a simple acquisition equipment and through an image matching algorithm (ZScan, by Menci Software). Due to the high walls of the arch gates, the higher part has been surveyed with a remote controlled drone (UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) with a digital camera on it, so to take pictures up to the maximum altitude and with different shooting angles ( 90 and 45 degree). This is a new technology which permits to survey inaccessible parts of a high monument with ease and accuracy, by collecting redundant pictures later bound together by an image block algorithm. This paper aims to present the survey experience architectural monuments trough the application of a trifocal quick photogrammetric system, in surveying at different scales and for different purposes.
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Meléndez-Zamudio, Miguel, Ileana Bravo-Flores, Eulalia Ramírez-Oliva, Antonio Guerra-Contreras, Gilberto Álvarez-Guzmán, Ramón Zárraga-Nuñez, Antonio Villegas, Merced Martínez-Rosales, and Jorge Cervantes. "An Approach to the Use of Glycol Alkoxysilane–Polysaccharide Hybrids in the Conservation of Historical Building Stones." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040938.

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Stone consolidants have been widely used to protect historical monuments. Consolidants and hydrophobic formulations based on the use of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and alkylalkoxysilanes as precursors have been widely applied, despite their lack of solubility in water and requirement to be applied in organic media. In the search for a “greener” alternative based on silicon that has potential use in this field, the use of tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)silane (THEOS) and tris(2-hydroxyethyl)methyl silane (MeTHEOS) as precursors, due their high water solubility and stability, is proposed in this paper. It is already known that THEOS and MeTHEOS possess remarkable compatibility with different natural polysaccharides. The investigated approach uses the water-soluble silanes THEOS–chitosan and MeTHEOS–chitosan as a basis for obtaining hybrid consolidants and hydrophobic formulations for the conservation of siliceous and calcareous stones. In the case of calcareous systems, their incompatibility with alkoxysilanes is known and is expected to be solved by the developed hybrid consolidant. Their application in the conservation of building stones from historical and archeological sites from Guanajuato, México was studied. The evaluation of the consolidant and hydrophobic formulation treatment was mainly conducted by determining the mechanical properties and contact angle measurements with satisfactory results in terms of the performance and compatibility with the studied stones.
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Freire-Lista, David Martín, and Rafael Fort González. "Stone provenance and conservation of the Trinitarias Descalzas of San Ildefonso convent, Madrid (Spain)." Ge-conservacion 11 (June 25, 2017): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37558/gec.v11i0.438.

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The characterization of building stones used in monuments and the location of their historic quarries is key for maintenance and restoration works. The four most representative building stones of Madrid: flint, granite, Cretaceous dolostone and Miocene limestone, have been used in the Trinitarias Descalzas of San Ildefonso convent of this city. A plaque of Carrara marble was placed on the convent façade in honour of the Spanish writer Miguel de Cervantes in 1870. The decay of the stones was determined by characterization techniques such as optical polarization and fluorescence microscopy and spectrophotometry. This technique gave information about the colour change between the plinth granite of the convent and quarry granite where it was extracted. The historical documentation complements these data.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Historical monuments; Conservation; Stone"

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Thomson, Lindsey Jane. "Scottish market crosses : the development of a risk assessment model." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/596.

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The purpose of the research was to investigate the causes and effects of stone decay and soiling upon Scottish market crosses, and to develop a risk assessment model for this monument type. Risk assessment methods are otherwise used in spheres of business and industry. This research is unique in exploring the possibility of applying these techniques to the study and prediction of monument degradation. Additionally, the research is the first synthesised study of market crosses since 1928. A mapping methodology was developed in order to record the condition of a sample of Scottish market crosses. Visible evidence of the erosion, soiling and conservation of these monuments was collected and analysed in relation to various associated weathering factors. A risk assessment model was then developed for predicting the future condition of such monuments. Integrated with this, intervention criteria and conservation guidelines were also produced aimed at those charged with the care of market crosses. The model was applied to a case study to assess the risk of degradation of the tested monument. The method was found to work in practice, and could be used by practitioners in the future. The methodology for the research can be summarised as follows. Based upon the literature review, hypotheses were formulated regarding the effect of various weathering factors upon decay and soiling patterns. Data for all surviving market crosses in Scotland was co11ected from archives and publications. A pro-forma and relational database were designed to hold an of the gathered data. A sample of 27 crosses was selected for detailed analysis. An increased level of data was col1ected for the sampled crosses, and a programme of intensive fieldwork was undertaken at these. Evidence for a11 visible decay, soiling and conservation treatment was mapped onto a detailed elevation sketch of each facade of every sampled cross. The decay and soiling were also classified according to intensity level and surface extent, based upon evidence from visual observation. In addition to the drafted mappings, the visited monuments were subject to a photographic survey. The collected data were analysed by interrogating the database and by applying a variety of statistical tests. A number of significant relationships were indicated between the various decay/soiling types and weathering agents. It was found that the patterns of decay, and particularly soiling, were greatly influenced by the monument characteristics, primarily due to the degree to which the stone was exposed to moisture ingress. Environmental factors were also found to have some influence, particularly the nature of the ground surface and the land-use type. Surprising1y, the leve1 of nearby traffic was found to have little effect. Climatic factors were shown to be significant in relation to a few decay/soiling types. However, the contradictory nature of these trends suggested that the ranges within Scotland may be too limited to have much real effect upon the observed variations in decay/soiling. Previous intervention was found to have some significant effects, particularly in the case of chemical stone cleaning. Risk levels for each significant relationship were calculated from the rate of occurrence and the amount of stone degradation observed in the sample. The sample risk model was developed to produce a pro-forma designed for use by practitioners involved in managing Scottish market crosses. Practitioners could use the designed system to regularly record the condition of other crosses and assess the extent to which they are at risk from decay/soiling due to various weathering agents existing at each site. Intervention criteria were also produced in order to advise the practitioner on when and how to intervene to stall the current decay or to reduce the risks of future degradation of crosses in their care. Methods were also suggested for interpreting and promoting market crosses to the public.
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Moles, Vickie A. "A stone conservation inventory for the "old part" of Beech Grove Cemetery, Muncie, Indiana." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1101589.

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The purposes of this creative project were (1) to develop a stone conservation plan for some of the markers in the "Old Part" of Beech Grove Cemetery, (2) to bring attention to the plight of a sampling of the cemetery stone markers in the "Old Part," and (3) to provide a written and photographic database for those individuals who are concerned with the preservation/conservation of Beech Grove Cemetery, in the hopes that a conservation plan can be implemented throughout the cemetery.Results revealed that a vast majority of Beech Grove's markers are deteriorating due to several natural factors such as weathering and erosion, as well as to neglect and vandalism. I have included, in this project, 195 stone inventory forms with a correlating map and photograph of those stones surveyed. The results also confirmed my theory that little conservation has taken place in the cemetery. Some conservation efforts that have been applied to the stone markers have further damaged them due to inappropriate methods.
Department of Architecture
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Cabello, Briones Cristina. "The effects of open shelters on the preservation of limestone remains at archaeological sites." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cfefc6db-4b4f-4ef8-bff3-07795e2767fc.

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Shelters, as preventive conservation methods, have traditionally been considered a better option than leaving the site exposed. However, there has been limited research on their effect on the preservation of heritage materials and, as a result, there is no clear scientific evidence to support sheltering. This study aims to provide the first rigorous scientific assessment of the effect of lightweight, open shelters on limestone deterioration at archaeological sites. A method based on the use of low-cost environmental monitoring equipment and limestone blocks and tablets (as indicators of decay) has been developed to determine the degree of protection provided by the shelters at the Bishop' Palace (Witney, England) and Hagar Qim (Malta). Preliminary visual assessments of the field sites were followed by 12-18 month exposure trials. Temperature extremes and fluctuations, frost events, relative humidity extremes and fluctuations, NaCl crystallisation events, solar radiation, wetting events, salt content, atmospheric pollutants and dust deposition were monitored. In addition, stone decay was studied by analysing changes in weight, elasticity, surface hardness, ultrasonic pulse velocity, surface colour, moisture content and general appearance (microscopic and macroscopic pictures) in stone samples. An exhaustive assessment of the shelter at the Bishop's Palace was carried out using Chalk, Cotswold and Portland limestone blocks as well as Portland limestone tablets (specifically for studying dissolution, soiling and biological growth). Additionally, a comparative assessment of the effects of the two shelters in contrasting climatic environments, the Bishop's Palace (temperate maritime) and Hagar Qim (Mediterranean), was undertaken by monitoring Globigerina and Coralline limestone blocks simultaneously at both sites. The research has shown that lightweight, open shelters do not exclude decay completely but minimise it. However, there are some areas at higher risk of decay, i.e. top parts of the walls and the periphery. In addition, problems with the shelter design can enhance some decay mechanisms, such as biocolonisation on the periphery at the Bishop's Palace and dust deposition under the shelter at Hagar Qim. Therefore, the effectiveness of shelters should not be assumed.
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Kliafa, Maria. "An investigation of bioremediation for the conservation of petroleum-contaminated stone monuments." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2005. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/5105/.

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Today, great effort is made for the protection of cultural heritage. Natural or anthropogenic factors decrease the conservation condition of the cultural artefacts, while their protection and survival mainly depends on political, financial, and technological issues. This project concerns the influence of the environmental pollution on cultural heritage and focuses on the potential effect of chronic petroleum hydrocarbon ground leakage on the subterranean parts of stone monuments. Bibliographic research revealed that there are many references to the effect of air pollution on building stone. However, research has not been expanded to the field of underground pollution in relation to the condition of the stone. Thus, the sources of petroleum pollution are presented, the paths of migration to the monument, the physical phenomena concerning the entrance of such pollution into the pores of the stone, as well as its potential movement in the porous net. The main effort was to assess the protection of a monument subjected to chronic petroleum pollution, by reducing the pollutant content of the stone. The existing methodologies on the reduction of hydrocarbon content in soil and groundwater were assessed, and criteria were set for a remediation method applicable to the treatment of the foundations of stone monuments. The method identified as most appropriate was bioventing, which is the use of air to stimulate indigenous microorganisms that have the ability to transform petroleum hydrocarbons into harmless by-products. Three types of limestone (grey-, marly-, and sandy-) were shown to be significantly weakened by a non-immiscible mixture of water and petroleum hydrocarbons when present in the pores of the stone. The bioventing treatment was shown to reduce the hydrocarbon content of the stone by 75% after a 60 day treatment. The rate of biodegradation achieved was 30 times higher than when no treatment was administered. Recommendations on future management and conservation policies of stone monuments are given.
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Legnér, Mattias, and Mia Geijer. "On Historical Climate in Swedish Stone Churches." Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-829.

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Archival sources and historical methods have so far been underutilized in the research on past indoor climates in historic buildings. Before we can build a base of empirical knowledge, we need to discuss and develop the methodology. How would one go about researching the climate history of a building over the course of 50, 100 or 200 years? The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of archival sources when attempting to reconstruct the climate history of an historic building. Knowledge of the long term indoor climate of a church may support strategic decisions for a more sustainable use of resources. In order to show the feasibility of this, the paper will examine the maintenance and restoration of two medieval stone churches: Levide church on Gotland and Strängnäs cathedral. Levide is a small rural parish in which the church has never had central heating or mechanical ventilation. Using documents spanning a time period of more than 200 years it becomes evident that the church has always been a very humid environment with mould and rot appearing time and again. Already in the beginning of the 19th century, the diocese urged the parish to obtain a heated vestry in order to increase the thermal comfort of the priest and the school children, and to preserve the liturgical objects. This and other statements show that the diocese, but not necessarily the parishes themselves, showed an interest in indoor climate in the 19th century. A stove and chimney were installed in the beginning of the 20th century. Findings show long term problems with keeping parish records, the mass robe and other liturgical objects in this humid climate. Water leakages, the buffering capacity of the thick walls and traditions in managing the church, such as airing in spring and summer, have been strainful to the building itself. Although the level of thermal comfort has improved, it is doubtful whether intermittent electrical heating, introduced in the 1950s, has had positive impact on the conservation of the building. Strängnäs is a cathedral and a burial church for some of the members of the royal Vasa family. The church is thus both a historically important monument and a sanctuary. In contrast with the small parish church the cathedral was in almost daily use, and also visited by tourists. When Guerneys ovens were introduced in Sweden by Bolinders in the 1870th, as many as six where installed to heat the church. In the same period a larger restoration of the church was planned. The planned restoration was however delayed. When the restoration were about to be executed some 25 years later, the new techniques for heating had been established and the old ovens were deemed obsolete for several reasons. An interesting debate on what techniques, steam, hot air or a water based system took place. The discussions concerned the convenience of the installations, maintenance and economy of the different systems, the comfort of the churchgoers, the esthetical effects and archaeological matters.
Kulturarvet och komforten: frågan om lämpligt inomhusklimat i kulturbyggnader under 1900-talet
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Klintberger, Wändahl Anna. "Kiviksgraven : analys av dess historia och framtid sett utifrån bevaringsfrågor." Thesis, Gotland University, Department of Archeology and Osteology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-306.

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This essay focuses upon the Kivik monument and its conservation difficulties, since its discovery at 1748 until modern time. The Kivik monument is found in southeast of Scania, and dated within the Bronze Age period. The perspective of the conservation on the monument has merely been on the monuments inner cist of stone and the rock carvings on the cist-slabs. When the monument was first archaeological examined at 1931, its sizeable cairn (75 m in diameter) had almost vanished and the cist was sheltered by a casing of concrete and metal roof. Between 1932 and 1933 the monument has undergone a large-scale restoration, and this criticized restoration resulted in a low antiquarian value with the responsible authority. With a low antiquarian value, the protection of ancient monuments by national laws is nearly none and the interest by responsible authority is insignificantly. This has lead to substandard preservation of the monument and its surrounding area. By comparing the Kivik monument with the monument Ales stones, who undergone equal restorations, I discovered that Ales stones is still considered an intact ancient monument with a high antiquarian value with the responsible authority and therefore in a good state of preservation. This is probably a result of that the restorations of the Kivik monument contain none authentic material as concrete and its museological construction, which Ales stones is not and therefore perceived as a genuine ancient monument.

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Detry, Nicolas. "Le patrimoine martyr et la restauration post bellica : théories et pratiques de la restauration des monuments historiques en Europe pendant et après la Seconde Guerre mondiale." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2120/document.

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La destruction des villes et des monuments historiques a connu une ampleur sans précédent durant la guerre 1939-1945. La reconstruction après 1945 s’inscrit dans un moment de profonde mutation pour l’histoire du monde. La restauration post bellica des monuments historiques s’inscrit dans le vaste chantier de la Reconstruction territoriale et politique de l’Europe ; il s’agit l’intervention architecturale sur la ruine produite par la guerre. Il existe "mille façons", de protéger, de détruire, puis de restaurer les œuvres d’art et d’architecture lors des conflits armés. Le sujet de cette thèse réside dans ces trois actions : protéger, détruire et restaurer. Elles sont un travail de l’homme. Deux actions, protéger et restaurer participent à des enjeux positifs pour les sociétés indépendamment du lieu ou du temps. L’action, "détruire", porte des signes négatifs, hier comme aujourd’hui, l’action de détruire dépend ou procède de conséquences géopolitiques très complexes. Le sujet de cette thèse concerne notamment deux aspects de la restauration des œuvres d’art et des œuvres d’architecture de 1945 à aujourd’hui. Le premier aspect peut être nommé "les théories", le second aspect "les pratiques". Les deux sont indissociables, dans un processus réflexif où la pratique vient valider ou invalider la théorie, tandis que la théorie se base sur la pratique dans son élaboration. De l’intention d’étudier ces deux aspects, découle la problématique à laquelle je me suis particulièrement attaché ; celle-ci consiste à comprendre en quoi les destructions de la Seconde Guerre mondiale ont contribué à renouveler les théories et les pratiques en matière de restauration des monuments historiques ? J’ai identifié ce renouvellement pour ensuite le définir et le documenter, dans différents contextes spatio-temporels, à travers les 5 chapitres de ce travail. La restauration des monuments historiques après 1945 en Europe, est à la fois le sujet, le terrain et le corpus de cette thèse. Pour rester réaliste j’ai choisi de travailler cette question principalement dans trois pays d’Europe : l’Allemagne, la France et l’Italie. Il s’agit de 3 pays qui ont une longue tradition dans ce domaine. La restauration des monuments historiques après 1945, s’appuie sur l’acceptation ou le refus du drame de la perte. En Europe elle se développe selon quatre périodes que j’ai identifiées comme suit: de 1939 à 1945 la période bellica ; de 1946-1972 la période chaude de la Reconstruction; de 1973 à 1989 la période intermédiaire ; de 1990 à 2015 la nouvelle période chaude ou "le patrimoine à l’état gazeux". Le long chantier de la restauration des monuments historiques après 1945 est un laboratoire européen ou un "collège invisible". Dans ce laboratoire et à partir de la pratique de la restauration, travail alors colossal, urgent et nécessaire, sont élaborées des techniques et des théories toujours valides aujourd’hui. J’ai ici organisé l’analyse de la restauration post bellica autour de la question des lacunes, d’abord analysée d’un point de vue théorique. Ensuite, j’ai imaginé, de façon nouvelle, une typologie des lacunes en architecture afin d’expliquer d’un point de vue pratique et constructif ce qui vient après : la réparation ou "la réintégration des lacunes". J’ai identifié différentes familles de lacunes qui affectent les édifices anciens pris dans la guerre. Il m’a alors semblé possible de parler de lacunes à différentes échelles et indépendamment du type d’artefact touché. J’ai voulu guider le lecteur, dans le labyrinthe de la restauration post bellica, avec la lacune comme fil d’Ariane. Le trou ou la chute d’un fragment d’enduit dans une peinture murale, l’impact de mitraillette dans une façade en pierre, la chute des voûtes et des charpentes d’une église, les cassures dans les travées rythmiques d’une façade, l’écroulement complet de la nef ou de l’abside d’une église, la destruction de tissus urbains autour d'un monument
Restoration of historical monuments after 1945 is based on the acceptance or the rejection of the drama of loss. I identified for major periods of restoration in Europe after WWII : 1939-1945; 1946-1972 ; 1973-1989 ; 1990-2015. In France, as opposed to Germany or Italy, historiography in architecture still does not deal much with the history of restoration post-bellica, ie with historical monuments destroyed during WWII and progressively restored afterwards. The historiographical task at hand is to study within different contexts (Germany, France, Italy, ex-Yugoslavia, etc) the practices of restoration once peace is back, ie the architectural intervention on the ruins produced by war. Although ferments of restoration (for both works of art and architecture) can be identified, in the current sense of the term, as early as the 1930’s, the discipline is going to mature under the impetus of the immense workshop of post-bellica restoration. Methods, techniques and theories, still valid today, are then produced and applied. My suggestion is that such a workshop can be considered as an European lab within which a kind of "invisible college" is at work, centered around a few major international experts. Architects, historians of art, superintendents, archeologists, natural and social scientists share their experiences and points of view. Research laboratories, universities, museums, churches, international organizations are involved from all over Europe. But Italy is at the heart of the « invisible college ». I have organized the analysis of the post bellica restoration around the question of "lacunes" (deficiency, gaps; shortcomings), first from a theoretical point of view. Then I imagined a new way, a typology of architectural shortcomings in order to explain a practical point of view and constructive comes after the repair or "reintegration of lacune (gap)". I identified different families of "lacune" (gaps) affecting older buildings caught in the war. It’s then possible to speak about "lacune" at different scales and regardless of the type of hit artefact. I wanted to guide the reader through the maze of post bellica restoration, with the "lacune" used as a red string. The hole or the fall of a fragment of plaster in a mural painting, the impact of machine gun in a stone facade, falling arches and a church structures, fractures in the rhythmic span of a facade the complete collapse of the nave and the apse of a church, the destruction of the urban fabric around a monument and the demolition of an old stone bridge are all shortcomings that make us react. That's faces these shortcomings, different each time, what post bellica restoration thought martyr heritage, subject of this thesis
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Koldová, Petra. "Financování památkové péče na příkladu města Polná." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15749.

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This thesis called Options of fundig heritage conservation with the example of the city Polná is focused on the explanation of the system of heritage preservation in the Czech Republic and significance of the historical monuments and care for the cultural heritage. The most important part deals with the determination of the various options for financing monument preservation. The first chapter defines the basic concepts. This section includes the functions and competences of organizations and institutions in preservation and care for historical monuments, legislature and the obligations of owners of cultural monuments. The second chapter is focused on defining the various options for financing of preservation of monuments. These options include the grant programs of Ministry of culture, budgets of the municipal and regional authorities, the European Union and other sources. The third chapter explains the financial system of territorial autonomies. Covering general information about incomes, expenditures and making the regional and municipal budgets. Because of this these budgets are an important source of funding for heritage conservation. The last chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to the economic importance of heritage. The practical part of this thesis is focused on the city Polná. In this part we can find the main information about this city, the system of the heritage preservation in the region Vysočina and its organizations and institutions. The practical part includes also the list of the main historical and cultural monuments, which are located in the city Polná. The last part of the thesis (chapter seven) evaluates the using of grants and founding sources for financing care for the cultural heritage in the previous eight years. This chapter also includes recommendations for further options available for this problem in the future.
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Suzuki, Alfredo Toshio. "Estudo e análise do estado de conservação das rochas, por método não destrutivo, do Palácio da Justiça de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44144/tde-06122018-150806/.

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A crescente preocupação com a conservação e preservação dos bens do patrimônio histórico construído tem levado os diversos ramos do conhecimento a executarem estudos de diagnóstico e caracterização das edificações e monumentos, tanto quanto aos seus materiais constituintes quanto às questões de funcionalidade e finalidade no contexto da sociedade. No ramo da geologia, estudos da geodiversidade dos monumentos e edificações vêm sendo executados no centro velho da cidade de São Paulo e em diversos outros pontos da cidade, com a caracterização dos materiais pétreos que os constituem. Esses monumentos, de inestimável valor, tanto histórico quanto cultural, devem ser conservados para as futuras gerações prevenindo as alterações naturais devido ao intemperismo, seja físico ou químico, e às ações antrópicas, preservando esses bens com ações preventivas de conservação. A presente dissertação objetivou colaborar com essa linha de pesquisa, visando caracterizar os materiais pétreos do Palácio da Justiça, patrimônio histórico e cultural da cidade de São Paulo tombado em 1981, assim como o seu estado de alteração, e com isso contribuir para futuros trabalhos de restauro, quando necessários. Tratando-se de monumento tombado, foram utilizados métodos não destrutivos, isto é, com equipamentos que não alteram nem danificam as rochas analisadas e que podem ser feitas em situ. Foram utilizados o espectrofotômetro para medição da cor da superfície e o Martelo de Schmidt (esclerômetro) para medição da dureza superficial da rocha. Nos ensaios com o espectrofotômetro foi possível medir a cor atual da rocha, podendo ainda servir como padrão para futuros ensaios. Também foi possível comparar a rocha em diferentes usos e desgastes. No Palácio foi encontrado grande variedade de rochas ornamentais, tais como, Mármore Vermelho Real Belga, Mármore Carrara Branco, Mármore Nero Marquina com Fósseis, Calcário Lioz, Mármore Vermelho Bidasoa, Mármore Giallo Verona, Mármore Calacatta Oro, Mármore Botticino, variados Calcários Fossilíferos e Granito Rosa Itupeva. Dentre as rochas encontradas no Palácio, o Granito Rosa Itupeva, nome comercial desse granito, foi escolhido para os ensaios esclerométricos, por se apresentar em diferentes formas, como colunas, revestimento de paredes internas e externas, pisos e escadas. O índice esclerométrico variou de 30 em superfícies serradas a 42 a 48 em superfícies polidas. O Palácio passou por uma reforma geral, finalizada em 2017, sendo que as rochas aí presentes se apresentam em boas condições de conservação. Pela diversidade de rochas ornamentais encontradas no Palácio esse local constitui um local adequado para a prática de geoturismo no centro da capital paulista, visando a divulgação das geociências através da visitação ao Palácio da Justiça. Sugere-se que a caracterização das rochas que foram identificadas e caracterizadas nesta dissertação sejam incorporadas ao guia de visitação do Palácio apresentando aos visitantes as belíssimas rochas ali existentes.
The concern about conservation and preservation of historical heritage has led the various branches of knowledge to carry out studies on the diagnosis and characterization of buildings and monuments, as well as their constituent materials regarding the questions of functionality and purpose for society. In the field of geology, studies of the geodiversity of monuments and buildings have been carried out in the old center of the city of São Paulo and in several other points of the city, with the characterization of their stone materials. These monuments of inestimable value, both historical and cultural, must be preserved for future generations by preventing natural changes due to weathering, physical or chemical, and to anthropic actions, preserving the heritage with preventive conservation actions. This dissertation had the objective of collaborating with this line of research, aiming to characterize the stone materials of the Palace of Justice, historical and cultural heritage of the city of São Paulo protected by law since 1981, as well as its conservation condition, and of contributing to future restoration works. As the Palace of Justice is a monument protected by law, non-destructive methods, such as spectrophotometer and Schmidt hammer (sclerometer), were used because they do not alter or damage the analyzed stone and they can be applied in situ. With the spectrophotometer it was possible to measure the current color of the stone; therefore, the data should be used as a standard for future trials. It was also possible to compare the stone in different uses. A great variety of ornamental stones was found in the Palace, such as: Red Belgian Royal Marble, White Carrara Marble, Nero Marquina Marble with Fossils, Lioz Limestone, Red Bidasoa Marble, Giallo Verona Marble, Calacatta Oro Marble, Botticino Marble, Fossiliferous Limestones and Pink Itupeva Granite. Among the stones found in the Palace, Pink Itupeva Granite (commercial name of this granite) was chosen for the sclerometric tests because it occurs in different forms, such as columns, internal and external wall cladding, floors and stairs. The sclerometric index ranged from 30 on sawn surfaces to 42-48 on polished surfaces. The Palace underwent a general renovation completed in 2017. Because of that the stones present good conservation condition. Due to the diversity of ornamental stones found in this building, it is a suitable place for practicing geotourism in the center of the city of São Paulo, aiming at the dissemination of geosciences through the visitation to the Palace of Justice. It is suggested that the characterization of the stones identified in this dissertation should be added to the visitation guide of the Palace pointing out to the visitors the beautiful stones present there.
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De, Montgolfier-Seznec Flavie. "Théodore (1817-1885) et Albert (1849-1939) Ballu : architectes constructeurs et restaurateurs." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040037.

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Elève à l’école des Beaux-arts de Paris, premier prix de Rome à l’âge de 23 ans, Théodore Ballu (1817-1885) prolonge sa formation à l’Ecole française de Rome, et en Grèce, avant même l’ouverture de l’Ecole française d’Athènes. Sa carrière d’architecte, longue d’une trentaine d’années, est exceptionnelle. Auteur d’un quart des églises parisiennes construites sous le Second Empire, de l’Hôtel de Ville de Paris en collaboration avec Deperthes, et de plusieurs édifices ou monuments civils, il est un représentant majeur de l’éclectisme architectural. Ses édifices religieux auront une influence sur ses contemporains et sur la jeune génération d’architectes. Formé par son père et par Auguste Magne, Albert Ballu (1849-1939) a une carrière multiple et internationale : auteur du palais de justice néo-classique de Charleroi et de celui plus éclectique de Bucarest, il adapte ses autres productions aux techniques architecturales du tournant du XXe siècle. Architecte diocésain et architecte en chef des monuments historiques, il s’investit beaucoup en Algérie, jusqu’aux années 1920, où il fouille les grands sites romains, restaure les édifices religieux et construit des édifices variés. Chef de file de la valorisation de l’Algérie romaine et musulmane, il est l’architecte restaurateur de très nombreux édifices diocésains et monuments historiques, spécialement dans les départements des Charentes, en Bretagne et en Corse. Il se spécialise, aussi, dès 1889, dans la construction de pavillons d’expositions universelles. Résultant d’une étude détaillée de la vie et de l’oeuvre de ces architectes, cette thèse évalue leur importance dans la mise en place de modèles architecturaux et dans l’orientation des restaurations architecturales des années 1850 à 1920
Théodore Ballu (1817-1885) was a pupil at the Ecole des Beaux-arts in Paris who won the Prix de Rome at the age of 23. He continued his studies at the French Academy in Rome and then in Greece, even before the opening of the French Academy in Athens. His thirty year career as an architect was exceptional. He designed a quarter of the Parisian churches constructed during the Second Empire. He was a major representative of architectural eclecticism, collaborating with Deperthes on the Hotel de Ville in Paris and working on several other public buildings and monuments. His religious constructions would influence his contemporaries and the next generation of architects. Albert Ballu (1849-1939) was trained by his father and by Magne. He had a varied international career, including designing the neo-classical Charleroi courthouse as well as the more eclectic one in Bucharest. He adapted his other productions to the architectural techniques at the turn of the twentieth century. As a diocesan architect and chief architect for historic monuments, he was heavily involved in Algeria until the 1920’s. Here he explored the great Roman archaeological sites, restored religious buildings and constructed various others. A leader in the movement to increase the status of Roman and Muslim Algeria, he was the restoring architect of large numbers of diocesan buildings and historic monuments, especially in the Charentes departments, as well as in Brittany and in Corsica. As early as 1889 he also specialised in the construction of pavilions for great exhibitions. The result of a detailed study of the lives and works of these architects, this thesis evaluates their importance in establishing architectural models and the direction of architectural restorations between 1850 and 1920
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Books on the topic "Historical monuments; Conservation; Stone"

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London, Geological Society of, ed. Natural stone resources for historical monuments. London: Geological Society, 2010.

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María Gracia Gómez de Terreros Guardiola. Metodología de estudio de la alteración y conservación de la piedra monumental. Sevilla: Universidad de Sevilla, 2000.

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Manuel, Alcalde Moreno, ed. Metodología de estudio de la alteración y conservación de la piedra monumental. Sevilla: Universidad de Sevilla, Secretariado de Publicaciones, 2000.

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Programme franco-allemand de recherche pour la conservation des monuments historiques. Colloque. Conservation commune d'un patrimoine commun: 2ème colloque du Programme franco-allemand de recherche pour la conservation des monuments historiques = Gemeinsames Erbe gemeinsam erhalten : 2. Statuskolloquium des deutsch-französischen Forschungsprogramms für die Erhaltung von Baudenkmâlern, Bonn, 12-12.12.1996. Champs-sur-Marne: Programme franco-allemand de recherche pour la conservation des monuments historiques, 1997.

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Huls, Mary Ellen. Conservation of stone buildings and monuments: A bibliography. Monticello, Ill., USA: Vance Bibliographies, 1988.

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Jornadas sobre Restauración y Conservación de Monumentos (1989 Madrid, Spain). Jornadas sobre Restauración y Conservación de Monumentos: Madrid, 24 y 25 de abril de 1989. Madrid: Ministerio de Cultura, Dirección General de Bellas Artes y Archivos, Instituto de Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales, 1991.

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Kramer, A. Schade aan natuursteen in Nederlandse monumenten =: Damage to stone in Dutch monuments. Zeist: RDMZ, 1988.

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Wojciechowski, Włodzimierz, and Anna Kulczycka-Leciejewiczowa. Opis zabytków kamiennych: Propozycja standaryzacji = Description of stone historical monuments : proposed standardization. Warszawa: Ministerstwo Kultury i Sztuki, Generalny Konserwator Zabytków, 1996.

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Ferraz, Eugênio. Monumentos históricos fazendários =: Historical financial monuments. Belo Horizonte: Editora C/Arte, 2008.

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Ferraz, Eugênio. Monumentos históricos fazendários =: Historical financial monuments. Belo Horizonte: Editora C/Arte, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Historical monuments; Conservation; Stone"

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Rosewitz, Jessica, and Nima Rahbar. "Advanced Conservation Methods for Historical Monuments." In Advanced Materials for the Conservation of Stone, 27–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72260-3_2.

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Jroundi, Fadwa, Maria Teresa Gonzalez-Muñoz, and Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro. "Protection and Consolidation of Stone Heritage by Bacterial Carbonatogenesis." In Microorganisms in the Deterioration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage, 281–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69411-1_13.

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AbstractFor millennia, artists and architects around the world used natural stone for the carving of sculptures and the construction of monuments, such as Roman, Greek, and Maya temples, the European cathedrals, and the Taj Mahal, just to name a few. Currently, the survival of these irreplaceable cultural and historical assets is under threat due to their continued degradation caused by various biotic and abiotic weathering processes that affect not only the aesthetic appearance of these structures, but also their durability and survival. The natural precipitation of calcium carbonate minerals by bacteria has been proposed for conservative interventions in monument restoration. This chapter reviews the application of biomineralization by (indigenous) bacterial carbonatogenesis as a novel technology for the protection and consolidation of altered ornamental materials. Carbonatogenesis is based on the ability of some bacteria to induce calcium carbonate precipitation. Laboratory and in situ results support the efficacy of bacterial carbonatogenesis, since remarkable protection and consolidation are achieved on the surface and in depth, without alterations in color or porosity, and without fostering the development of microbiota that could be harmful to the stone material. A discussion on the advantages of this novel biotechnology is provided. Challenges and future work on bioconsolidation of stone artifacts are also outlined.
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Winkler, Erhard M. "Stone Conservation on Buildings and Monuments." In Stone in Architecture, 264–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10070-7_13.

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Khobragade, Chandrahas N., Madhushree M. Routh, and Suchita C. Warangkar. "Restoration and Conservation Strategies of Historical Monuments." In Bioremediation Technology, 251–66. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2020]: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429296031-13.

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Idjaton, Koubouratou, Xavier Desquesnes, Sylvie Treuillet, and Xavier Brunetaud. "Stone-by-Stone Segmentation for Monitoring Large Historical Monuments Using Deep Neural Networks." In Pattern Recognition. ICPR International Workshops and Challenges, 235–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68787-8_17.

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Chaverdi, Alireza Askari, Pierfrancesco Callieri, Marisa Laurenzi Tabasso, and Stefano Ridolfi. "Archaeological Site of Persepolis (Iran) – the Finishing Technique of the Stone Monuments." In Archaeology and Conservation along the Silk Road, 95–108. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/9783205200468.95.

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Zezza, Fulvio. "The Monument Stone: An Eternal Link of Past Civilizations." In 10th International Symposium on the Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin, 17–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78093-1_3.

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Vicente, Romeu, Sergio Lagomarsino, Tiago Miguel Ferreira, Serena Cattari, and J. A. R. Mendes da Silva. "Cultural Heritage Monuments and Historical Buildings: Conservation Works and Structural Retrofitting." In Strengthening and Retrofitting of Existing Structures, 25–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5858-5_2.

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Keshari, Nitin, and Siba Prasad Adhikary. "Ecology of cyanobacteria on stone monuments, biodeterioration, and the conservation of cultural heritage." In Cyanobacteria, 73–90. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118402238.ch5.

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Albrecht, Benno. "Sustainable Reconstruction for Historical Cities in Syria: Urbicide." In 10th International Symposium on the Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin, 79–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78093-1_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Historical monuments; Conservation; Stone"

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Ismail, Salah. "The Hidden Heritage of Ankara Citadel: an Ambigous Future between Conservation and Transformation." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.223.

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Although Ankara gained international attention mainly after its declaration as Capital of the Turkish Republic in 1923, the city hosts many buildings and monuments from different historical eras. The remains of Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman Empires discovered in the center of the city, clearly bear witness to the rich and diverse heritage of the capital. However, this heritage appears as less documented, studied and even not properly conserved. The citadel of Ankara, which dominates the narrow streets of the old city has withstood its long history very well and today houses a small neighborhood made up of valuable Ottoman wooden buildings. The link to the Roman and Medieval periods is still tangible. The Roman theatre remains at the foot of the hill are still observable, while the stone columns and beams used in the construction of the walls in a later era. The aim of this paper is to document and present the different historical eras of the castle, focusing on the remains of the medieval era. Analyzing the key features of the castle and the previous intervention on it will support the identification of the potentials of the site. Finally, recommendations for future work of architectural preservation will be elaborated on the basis of national and international conservation guidelines.
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Kremer, Gabrielle, Isabella Kitz, Beatrix Moshammer, Maria Heinrich, and Erich Draganits. "Stone Monuments from Carnuntum and Surrounding Areas (Austria) – Petrological Characterization and Quarry Location in a Historical Context." In XI International Conference of ASMOSIA. University of Split, Arts Academy in Split; University of Split, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31534/xi.asmosia.2015/03.05.

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Zaytseva, A. M. "NATURAL MONUMENTS IN THE CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL AND LANDSCAPE DIVERSITY (HISTORICAL AND MEMORIAL DEPARTMENT «THE HOMESTY V.P. SUKACHEVA» IRKUTSK REGIONAL ART MUSEUM)." In Prirodopol'zovanie i ohrana prirody: Ohrana pamjatnikov prirody, biologicheskogo i landshaftnogo raznoobrazija Tomskogo Priob'ja i drugih regionov Rossii. Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-954-9-2020-96.

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The problems of preserving biological and landscape diversity in the historical park of the Estate of V.P. Sukacheva. Presented are forms of work with visitors aimed at the formation of an ecological culture and the preservation of a natural monument.
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Gil, Ana. "DIGITAL RECONSTRUCTIONS - A METHODOLOGY FOR THE STUDY, PRESERVATION AND DISSEMINATION OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 8th International Congress on Archaeology, Computer Graphics, Cultural Heritage and Innovation. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica8.2016.2982.

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The architectural heritage is a particular case from the immaterial and material assets, movable or immovable, constituents of the cultural heritage. It is presented as a complex system with a continuous historical process, which can not be dissociated from its surroundings (Brusaporci 2015). In order to study, preserve and disseminate the past and present reality of this type of heritage, it was developed a digital recostruction methodology, able to adapt to each specific case, both in the object nature and in the representation objectives. This is only possible due to the last decade technological advances, that, alongside with the hardware and software development, led to the digital heritage definition. In order to disclose and discuss the proposed methodology, is presented digital reconstructions of monuments that have marked and still mark the image of the city of Lisbon. European city, capital of Portugal, country of aqueducts, rich in religious and military architecture. To cover their specific needs, taking into account their different natures, is presented the following case studies: 1) particular case of an extensive monument - the Águas Livres Aqueduct - and the case of territory circumscribed monuments in different preservation states (demolished, remains or existent). This last includes three representative convents of Lisbon’s religious houses: the Nossa Senhora da Piedade da Esperança Convent, the Santíssima Trindade Convent and the Santo Antão-o-Velho College. The developed digital reconstructions were based on the London’s Charter and Principles of Seville, in order to ensure the intellectual and technical rigor, as well as the methodological computer-methods visualization work sturdiness. Thus, the developed methodology is scientific, cyclical and flexible based on the creation of digital models with associative and parametric geometry - BIM models (Building Information Model) - intended to include the architectural heritage study, conservation and dissemination.
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Tartaglino, Elisa. "Il paesaggio archeologico del castello di Nucetto (Piemonte, Italia): una possibile conservazione." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11439.

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The archaeological landscape of Nucetto’s Castle (Piedmont, Italy): a possible conservationEach fortified architecture has its own specificities thanks to which defend the territory, it is usually part of garrison systems and has always been a protagonist of the events of the place where it was built. Through this reading can be interpreted the ruins of the Castle of Nucetto (CN, Italy), which insist on the land of Alta Valle Tanaro –mostly located on the south-east portion of Cuneo’s territory and in a little part of Savona’s one– as real landmark visible from the historical road axis of the valley. The castle’s ruins became part of the consolidated image of the landscape thanks to the union they generated with the context giving rise to a recognizable landscape. The castle is part of a wider defensive system intimately linked to the history of the Marquisate of Ceva. Despite the still uncertain reliability of the documents available, the original structure can be dated at the eleventh century. The presence of bands of hanging arches that run along some elevated of the structure allow to hypothesize and recognize a first foundational nucleus while some traces of frescoes rise to appreciable particularities during the visit. The tower, whose base is in brick, but the top part is curiously in stone, is today the best preserved. The paper aims to analyze the fortification –made with different materials– to understand the extent of the historical stratifications found in the presence of at least two expansions dating from the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, up to the nineteenth-century destruction wanted by Napoleon. It is also the author’s will to propose some suggestions for a possible conservation, starting with an analysis of the state of today's storage (outcome of very limited consolidation interventions operated twenty years ago) to arrive at its insertion in more valuation circuits wide.
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