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Journal articles on the topic 'Historical Neighborhoods'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Becker, Jacob H. "The Dynamics of Neighborhood Structural Conditions: The Effects of Concentrated Disadvantage on Homicide over Time and Space." City & Community 15, no. 1 (2016): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12152.

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Several recent spatial analyses conclude the strong positive association typically found between neighborhood concentrated disadvantage and crime in cross–sectional studies significantly differs across neighborhoods. It is possible this spatial variation is due to within–neighborhood dynamics of continuity and change, as suggested by ecological theories of neighborhood crime. Using ordinary least–squares and geographically weighted regression models, I explore the role of within–neighborhood change on the disadvantage–homicide relationship across Chicago neighborhoods and find that controlling

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Gutman, Marta. "Introduction: Making and Unmaking Neighborhood Boundaries in Postwar U.S. Cities." Journal of Urban History 46, no. 6 (2017): 1191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144217704129.

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This essay introduces the theme of this special issue, “Making and Unmaking Neighborhood Boundaries in Postwar U.S. Cities,” by tracing the enduring meanings of the words, neighbor, neighborliness, and neighborhood, and relating them to community, place, conduct, and the idea of dwelling, important in Henri Lefebvre’s theory of the production of space. The four case studies in this issue highlight places, where neighborhood formation and boundary making stand out in the historical production of space, and are examples of the benefits of the recent spatial turn in urban history. By examining ne

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Yazdanpanah Shahabadi, Mohammad Reza, and Hasan Sajadzadeh. "Social aspect of quality of urban life: how does social capital affect desire of residents to continue living in historical neighborhoods? Evidence from Tehran, Iran." Journal of Place Management and Development 13, no. 4 (2020): 493–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-10-2018-0072.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is on the social aspects of regeneration of historical neighborhoods in Iranian cities. For this purpose, the authors investigated the effect of the social capital of the residents of historical neighborhoods in Tehran on their subjective quality of life and on their willingness to continue living in these historical districts. This study was motivated by the fact that the primary issue in regeneration of Tehran’s historical districts is to stimulate the residents’ desire to continue living in their neighborhoods, thereby preventing the population from decreas

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Aras, Rohan L., Nicholas T. Ouellette, and Rishee K. Jain. "Automated identification of urban substructure for comparative analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0245067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245067.

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Neighborhoods are the building blocks of cities, and thus significantly impact urban planning from infrastructure deployment to service provisioning. However, existing definitions of neighborhoods are often ill suited for planning in both scale and pattern of aggregation. Here, we propose a generalized, scalable approach using topological data analysis to identify barrier-enclosed neighborhoods on multiple scales with implications for understanding social mixing within cities and the design of urban infrastructure. Our method requires no prior domain knowledge and uses only readily available b

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Junnilainen, Lotta. "Place Narratives and the Experience of Class: Comparing Collective Destigmatization Strategies in Two Social Housing Neighborhoods." Social Inclusion 8, no. 1 (2020): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i1.2310.

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A growing body of literature has investigated the various ways in which residents of stigmatized neighborhoods respond to and cope with stigmatization. However, these approaches have fallen short in tackling the question of how particular places shape responses to stigmatization. In this article, I take seriously the question of context and, based on a comparative ethnography of two social housing neighborhoods in Finland, show how residents in similar social structural positions differed in terms of the cultural milieus they inhabited, presenting them with different cultural resources for dea

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Croff, Raina L., Edline Francois, Caroline Lawrence, et al. "PAIRING STORIES AND EDUCATIONAL CONTENT FOR A CULTURALLY CELEBRATORY HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY RESOURCE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1906.

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Abstract Culturally celebratory programming exceeds cultural relevancy, engaging participants in celebration-making and culture-creating. African Americans aged 55+ in the Sharing History through Active Reminiscence and Photo-imagery (SHARP) study celebrate their heritage in gentrifying neighborhoods through walking-reminiscence sessions; they create culture through discussing ideas, beliefs, norms, values, and shared experiences of the past while considering these aspects within presently changing cultural dynamics. The SHARP study’s narrative approach supports cognitively healthy behaviors a

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Hollander, Justin, Michael Johnson, Rachel Bogardus Drew, and Jingyu Tu. "Changing urban form in a shrinking city." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, no. 5 (2017): 963–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317743971.

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This paper uses building footprint data in a shrinking city, Baltimore, MD, in 1972 and 2010 to achieve two primary research objectives. The first is to understand the historical patterns of housing construction and demolition in selected row house neighborhoods in Baltimore between 1972 and 2010. The second is to understand changes in housing footprints, and associations between these changes and physical and socio-economic characteristics in selected neighborhoods. We find that housing losses and associated changes in building footprints have shown substantial variation across our study area

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Cooley, Will, Michelle Bemiller, Eric Jefferis, and Rose Penix. "Neighborhood by neighborhood: community policing in a rust belt city." Policing: An International Journal 42, no. 2 (2019): 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-01-2018-0002.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine citizen satisfaction with police services and perceived safety using survey research in two high crime neighborhoods. Problem-oriented crime deterrence strategies were used in one neighborhood, the other served as a control group. Design/methodology/approach Mixed-methods approach was used to measure the effectiveness of problem-oriented approaches in persistent high-crime areas. Pre- and post-intervention surveys were conducted by sampling addresses in both neighborhoods and analyzing results. Findings No between-neighborhood differences were re

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McKenzie, Grant, Zheng Liu, Yingjie Hu, and Myeong Lee. "Identifying Urban Neighborhood Names through User-Contributed Online Property Listings." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 10 (2018): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7100388.

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Neighborhoods are vaguely defined, localized regions that share similar characteristics. They are most often defined, delineated and named by the citizens that inhabit them rather than municipal government or commercial agencies. The names of these neighborhoods play an important role as a basis for community and sociodemographic identity, geographic communication and historical context. In this work, we take a data-driven approach to identifying neighborhood names based on the geospatial properties of user-contributed rental listings. Through a random forest ensemble learning model applied to

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Ünlü, Alper. "Urban Regeneration, Renewal or Rehabilitation What for and for Whom ?" Open House International 35, no. 4 (2010): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2010-b0006.

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Today central neighborhoods of Istanbul like other cities of Turkey has entered a critical stage in urban preservation and urban regeneration issues. This discussion rather than being an academic argument, it exposes many contradictions about the real life especially in central neighborhoods. The reason for being dilemma for these settings, first, these neighborhoods are typical dilapidated historical environment and they may need urgent decisions for preservation and conservation, second, “the urban transformation law” that we faced for historical environments which is passed from the Turkish

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Towns, Juell, Patrice Fuller, Edline Francois, Raina L. Croff, and Jeffrey Kaye. "WALKING AND TALKING ABOUT WHAT USED TO BE: THE SHARP NEIGHBORHOOD WALKING PROGRAM FOR OLDER AFRICAN AMERICANS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1907.

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Abstract The Sharing History through Active Reminiscence and Photo-Imagery (SHARP) study aims to preserve African American cognitive health through neighborhood walking and social engagement in a way that celebrates Black culture. For 6 months, African Americans aged 55+ (2016 n=19; 2017 n=21) grouped in triads walked 1-mile routes accessible via the SHARP application. Routes included historical image prompts about Portland, Oregon’s historically Black neighborhoods. Participant focus groups at months 1, 3, and 6 drove program development and refinements, and provided valuable insight into the

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Langendoerfer, Kaitlyn. "Living Through Decline: Resident Perceptions of Change Within Cleveland’s Urban Neighborhoods." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1417.

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Abstract Despite the vast amount of research focused on neighborhoods within the environmental gerontology, very little attention has been paid to learning how older residents make sense of and describe the changes that have occurred within their communities over the course of their lives. The purpose of this study was to provide a space for residents to tell their stories of what it was like to live through neighborhood decline within Cleveland. Older adults are an ideal group for examining perceptions of neighborhood decline as they have the perspective to address both the historical changes

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García, Jennifer J., Gilbert C. Gee, and Malia Jones. "A CRITICAL RACE THEORY ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC PARK FEATURES IN LATINO IMMIGRANT NEIGHBORHOODS." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 13, no. 2 (2016): 397–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x16000187.

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AbstractThe present-day location of public parks should be understood in the proper social and historical context of residential segregation and urban development. In Los Angeles, discriminatory practices such as restrictive covenants were used not only for housing, but also to maintain segregated recreational spaces. In addition, the economic changes that came as a result of White flight, suburbanization, and inner city job loss brought with it a reduction in local government resources, including funds for public parks. These changes to the urban landscape disproportionately impacted low-inco

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Krupala, Katie. "The Evolution of Uneven Development in Dallas, TX." Human Geography 12, no. 3 (2019): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861901200308.

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Dallas has a long history of uneven development. It is the product of excess capital, white planning, and a desire to shape the land into something it is not. Communities in Dallas broke sharply along racial and class lines, and as a result black and white Dallas developed separately. Forces of structural and physical violence largely determined where African American neighborhoods were, and are, located in Dallas. African American, Mexican American, and other low-income communities suffered not only from low housing availability and high rent prices, but also bombings, arson, and other physic

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15

Freeman, Lance. "African American Locational Attainment before the Civil Rights Era." City & Community 9, no. 3 (2010): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2010.01329.x.

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The conventional wisdom is that due to intense discrimination, prior to the Civil Rights era blacks of all classes lived side by side. Individual socioeconomic status did not translate into improved locational outcomes according to this view. But several historical case studies suggest that upper–stratum blacks did indeed live in neighborhoods set apart from their poorer brethren. This study uses individual–level data from the 1910–1950 Public Use Microdata Samples to investigate how individual–level socioeconomic status translated into neighborhood–level outcomes for blacks. the study finds t

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Freeman, Lance, and Tiancheng Cai. "White Entry into Black Neighborhoods." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 660, no. 1 (2015): 302–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716215578425.

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This article considers whites’ entry into black neighborhoods. The historical review in the first part of the article shows such entry to have been exceedingly rare during the twentieth century. Our analysis of trends in white entry into black neighborhoods for the period 1980–2010 documents a substantial increase in white entry for the 2000–10 decade. We speculate that the increase in white entry into black neighborhoods was due to declining racism among whites and dramatically declining crime rates in the 1990s. We also use multivariate regression to explain which black neighborhoods were mo

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SÖNMEZ, Filiz, Hatice DOĞAN, and Okan KARAKAŞ. "UNDERSTANDING THE FEVZI ÇAKMAK NEIGHBORHOOD: THROUGH ITS PAST, PRESENT AND PLANNED TOMORROW." IEDSR Association 6, no. 11 (2021): 365–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.251.

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Mahalle is a place name derived from the Arabic roots halel and hulul, meaning “to land, to settle down” (Turkish Dictionary, 1998). In addition to the residential structures within a neighborhood, it has a mosque, primary school, fountain, baths, a grocery store, bakery, parks, etc. It is the smallest settlement in a city. On the other hand, socially a neighborhood refers to a community that is placed somewhere and has organizational relationships. The neighborhood phenomenon is one of the most important legacies that continue from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic. During the Republican per

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van Krugten, L. T. F., L. M. C. Hermans, L. C. Havinga, A. R. Pereira Roders, and H. L. Schellen. "Raising the energy performance of historical dwellings." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 27, no. 6 (2016): 740–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-09-2015-0180.

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Purpose Earlier studies assume that historical dwellings and post-war dwellings in particular, are less sustainable than modern dwellings, justifying its demolition. Over time, historical buildings have been transformed and their energy performance improved. However, there is little known on the energy performance of historical dwellings. The purpose of this paper is to unveil the role of historical dwellings and its transformations in improving urban sustainability. Design/methodology/approach In this research, historical dwellings (built=1970) are distinguished in listed and unlisted dwellin

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Babaei, Javad, Mohammad Rahim Rahnama, Bara’at Ali Khakpour, and Mohammad Shokouhi. "Identifying Criteria of Weariness on Urban Areas (Case Study: Samen District of Mashhad)." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.15 (2018): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.15.21438.

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Today, one of the challenges of modern urbanization in Iran is the issue of old and worn-out urban textures and identification of their criteria. Samen District of Mashhad, a historical texture in an area of 321 hectares, was selected as the study sample. The aim of this study was to determine priorities of improving old neighborhoods based on criteria of weariness. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical method and used the model of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the process analysis. The data collection was conducted by a questionnaire (according to Cochran’s formula, 287 quest

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Feiereisen, Florence, and Erin Sassin. "Sounding Out the Symptoms of Gentrification in Berlin." Resonance 2, no. 1 (2021): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/res.2021.2.1.27.

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Scholars of gentrification often study the visual results of socioeconomic structural change in urban environments, including graffiti removal and historical reconstructions of façades, turning “ugly” factory ruins into charming residential loft spaces, etc. This article examines the gentrification of Berlin’s former working-class neighborhood Prenzlauer Berg in terms of sound. We present the Knaack Klub as a sonic case study symbolizing the erasure of the voices and culture of Berlin’s long-term residents and argue that contestations over sound, brought on by West German migrants in what can

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Snyder, Robert W. "Sounding the Powers of Place in Neighborhoods: Responses to the Urban Crisis in Washington Heights and New York City." Journal of Urban History 46, no. 6 (2017): 1290–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144217704131.

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As scholars move from studying the city as the setting for larger social processes to exploring how cities play constitutive roles in historical change, it is important to explore the most fundamental and complex unit of urban life—the neighborhood—in all its subjective meanings and dimensions. This essay, which builds on my book, Crossing Broadway: Washington Heights and the Promise of New York City (Cornell, 2015), examines how residents of the Washington Heights section of northern Manhattan, who mentally divided their neighborhood into smaller and separate enclaves, overcame their division

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Cook, Werner E., and J. Scott Greene. "Gridded Monthly Rainfall Estimates Derived from Historical Atoll Observations." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 36, no. 4 (2019): 671–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-18-0140.1.

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AbstractTo provide an analysis tool for areal rainfall estimates, 1° gridded monthly sea level rainfall estimates have been derived from historical atoll rainfall observations contained in the Pacific Rainfall (PACRAIN) database. The PACRAIN database is a searchable repository of in situ rainfall observations initiated and maintained by the University of Oklahoma and supported by a research grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Climate Program Office/Ocean Observing and Monitoring. The gridding algorithm employs ordinary kriging, a standard geostatistical techni

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Chen, C. H., S. W. Chien, and M. C. Ho. "A study on fire spreading model for the safety distance between the neighborhood occupancies and historical buildings in Taiwan." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W7 (August 11, 2015): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-w7-73-2015.

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Cultural heritages and historical buildings are vulnerable against severe threats from fire. Since the 1970s, ten fire-spread events involving historic buildings have occurred in Taiwan, affecting a total of 132 nearby buildings. Developed under the influence of traditional Taiwanese culture, historic buildings in Taiwan are often built using non-fire resistant brick-wood structure and located in proximity to residential occupancies. Fire outbreak in these types of neighborhood will lead to severe damage of antiquities, leaving only unrecoverable historical imagery. This study is aimed to inve

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Cummings, E. Mark, Christine E. Merrilees, Laura K. Taylor, Peter Shirlow, Marcie C. Goeke-Morey, and Ed Cairns. "Longitudinal relations between sectarian and nonsectarian community violence and child adjustment in Northern Ireland." Development and Psychopathology 25, no. 3 (2013): 615–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413000059.

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AbstractAlthough relations between political violence and child adjustment are well documented, longitudinal research is needed to adequately address the many questions remaining about the contexts and developmental trajectories underlying the effects on children in areas of political violence. The study examined the relations between sectarian and nonsectarian community violence and adolescent adjustment problems over 4 consecutive years. Participants included 999 mother–child dyads (482 boys, 517 girls),Mages = 12.18 (SD= 1.82), 13.24 (SD= 1.83), 13.61 (SD= 1.99), and 14.66 (SD= 1.96) years,

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Towers, George. "Cultural Dasymetric Population Mapping with Historical GIS." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 2, no. 4 (2011): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jagr.2011100103.

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There has been a recent flurry of interest in dasymetric population mapping. However, the ancillary coverages that underlie current dasymetric methods are unconnected to cultural context. The resulting regions may indicate density patterns, but not necessarily the boundaries known to inhabitants. Dasymetric population mapping is capable of capturing the cultural commonality and community interaction that define social spaces. Dasymetric mapping may be improved with methodologies that reflect the ways in which social spaces are established. This research applies a historical GIS methodology for

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Hoffman, Jeremy S., Vivek Shandas, and Nicholas Pendleton. "The Effects of Historical Housing Policies on Resident Exposure to Intra-Urban Heat: A Study of 108 US Urban Areas." Climate 8, no. 1 (2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8010012.

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The increasing intensity, duration, and frequency of heat waves due to human-caused climate change puts historically underserved populations in a heightened state of precarity, as studies observe that vulnerable communities—especially those within urban areas in the United States—are disproportionately exposed to extreme heat. Lacking, however, are insights into fundamental questions about the role of historical housing policies in cauterizing current exposure to climate inequities like intra-urban heat. Here, we explore the relationship between “redlining”, or the historical practice of refus

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Pan, Xinhao, Zichen Wang, Miao Huang, and Zhifeng Liu. "Improving an Urban Cellular Automata Model Based on Auto-Calibrated and Trend-Adjusted Neighborhood." Land 10, no. 7 (2021): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10070688.

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Accurately simulating urban expansion is of great significance for promoting sustainable urban development. The calculation of neighborhood effects is an important factor that affects the accuracy of urban expansion models. The purpose of this study is to improve the calculation of neighborhood effects in an urban expansion model, i.e., the land-use scenario dynamics-urban (LUSD-urban) model, by integrating the trend-adjusted neighborhood algorithm and the automatic rule detection procedure. Taking eight sample cities in China as examples, we evaluated the accuracies of the original model and

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Soglasnova, Lana. "Istoricheskie raiony Peterburga ot A do IA [The Historical Neighborhoods of Saint Petersburg]." Slavic & East European Information Resources 20, no. 3-4 (2019): 230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15228886.2019.1694379.

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Dousti, Samaneh, Zohreh Davoudpour, and Leila Zare. "Authenticity" About Ferdowsi Neighborhoods Of Tehran with Historical Textures with the Phenomenological Approach." Journal of Applied researches in Geographical Sciences 21, no. 62 (2021): 413–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/jgs.21.62.413.

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Luo, Ping Jia, and Rong Hu. "Implantation of Modern Ecological System into Urban Traditional Context: A Case of Huilongwo Area." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1460.

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In order to back Low-Carbon Cities Plan, China’s urban renewal and the protection of traditional neighborhoods, and after literature searching and site survey, spatial evolution and site inspection in Huilongwo area, the authors point out that we should combine modern eco-technological methods such as solar energy application, reclaimed water system, ground source heat pump, solar energy application and so on with the protective measures of historical neighborhoods, and improving the living facilities of the Historic District. Only implant the modern ecological system into the historic context

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Mirabal, Nancy Raquel. "Geographies of Displacement: Latina/os, Oral History, and The Politics of Gentrification in San Francisco's Mission District." Public Historian 31, no. 2 (2009): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2009.31.2.7.

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Abstract During the 1990s and early 2000s, working-class and poor neighborhoods in San Francisco underwent dramatic economic and racial changes. One of the most heavily gentrified neighborhoods was the Mission District. As a result of local politics, housing and rental policies, real estate speculation, and development, thousands of Latina/o families were displaced. Using oral historical and ethnographic methodologies, print media, archival sources, and policy papers, this article traces the gentrification of the Mission District from the perspective of the Latina/o community. It also examines

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Stepan-Norris, Judith, and Caleb Southworth. "Churches as Organizational Resources." Social Science History 31, no. 3 (2007): 343–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014555320001378x.

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Employing a historical dataset on Detroit in the 1950s, this article uses geographic models to show the political impact of churches and religious populations on presidential voting. Multilevel models separate the relative impact of individual denomination, the effect of congregants in neighborhoods, and the importance of the physical presence of a church. Existing studies of geography and religion examine a few denominations; here a full set of religious denominations is compared on support for Democratic Party voting and “social movement-like” voting for the Progressive Party. Mainline Prote

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Shokry, Omnia Ibrahim, Mahmoud Mohamed Khalifa, and Shaima Nabil Abdel. "Toward Maintaining the Identification and Architectural Heritage to Develop the Historical Areas in Ain Al-Sira." Resourceedings 2, no. 2 (2020): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/resourceedings.v2i2.719.

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Despite the State’s exerted efforts in preserving Egyptian monuments as tourist destinations, Ain Al-Sira area has been suffering from multiple problems. The modern construction arts within the historical area and its architectural heritage have been ignored, as well as the construction of contemporary residential buildings not related to the historical area. The purpose of the research is to develop the architectural heritage of the residential neighborhoods in Ain Al-Sira in line with the architectural facades of the ancient historical monuments with a view to the restoration of these monume

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Campanella, Richard. "Straight Streets in a Curvaceous Crescent: Colonial Urban Planning and Its Impact on Modern New Orleans." Journal of Planning History 18, no. 3 (2018): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1538513218800478.

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New Orleans is justly famous for its vast inventory of historical architecture, representing scores of stylistic influences dating to the French and Spanish colonial eras. Less appreciated is the fact that the Crescent City also retains nearly original colonial urban designs. Two downtown neighborhoods, the French Quarter and Central Business District, are entirely undergirded by colonial-era planning, and dozens of other neighborhoods followed suit even after Americanization. New Orleanians who reside in these areas negotiate these colonial planning decisions in nearly every movement they mak

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Varga, Daniel, and Svetlana Talis. "Byzantine Archaeological Remains in Beer Sheva, Israel." ATHENS JOURNAL OF HISTORY 7, no. 3 (2021): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajhis.7-3-2.

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Beer Sheba in the Byzantine period was a large and important city in the province of Palestine Tertia. It served as an administrative, religious, and military center, and seat of the Roman military commander of Palestine. Beer Sheva is mentioned in many sources, including historical texts, epigraphic sources, and archaeological research. In recent years, following archaeological excavations conducted at the city's new transportation center have been uncovered Be'er Sheva's Byzantine residential neighborhoods. These excavations open a new window into the daily life of the city, in a way that di

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Becker, Jacob H. "Within-Neighborhood Dynamics: Disadvantage, Collective Efficacy, and Homicide Rates in Chicago." Social Problems 66, no. 3 (2018): 428–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spy013.

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Abstract Research on neighborhood structural conditions like concentrated disadvantage and crime largely focuses on between-neighborhood differences; for example, places with more disadvantage are expected to experience higher homicide rates. However, empirical research often does not consider within-neighborhood dynamics of structural stability and change. Furthermore, several recent studies have found cross-sectional associations between structural variables and crime outcomes can vary significantly across units, violating a key assumption of global modeling strategies. The current work expl

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Elliott, James R., Elizabeth Korver–Glenn, and Daniel Bolger. "The Successive Nature of City Parks: Making and Remaking Unequal access over Time." City & Community 18, no. 1 (2019): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12366.

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This study examines the historical establishment and shifting residential access to city parks over time. It begins by engaging and extending a theory of urbanization as socioenvironmental succession. It then assembles and analyzes longitudinal data on city park creation and neighborhood change in Houston from 1947 to 2015. Results reveal how socially privileged residents have long enjoyed unequal access to city parks as well as strong influence over where new ones are established. At the same time, growing minority populations have managed to gain more equitable access not by having new parks

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Schlichting, Kurt, Peter Tuckel, and Richard Maisel. "Great Migration of African Americans to Hartford, Connecticut, 1910–1930: A GIS Analysis at the Neighborhood and Street Level." Social Science History 39, no. 2 (2015): 287–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2015.54.

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The Great Migration of African Americans from the South at the beginning of the twentieth century had an enormous impact on cities in the Midwest and North including Hartford, Connecticut. This study examines the movement of African Americans to Hartford at the neighborhood and street level. The new arrivals, many from Georgia recruited to work in the Connecticut River valley tobacco farms, joined long-established African American residents of Hartford. A geographic information system (GIS) analysis at the street level illustrates residential differences within the African American community b

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Mumm, Jesse. "The racial fix." Focaal 2017, no. 79 (2017): 102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2017.790109.

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In Chicago, real estate value is fixed by race through the process of gentrification. I present findings from an ethnography of the black, Mexican, and Puerto Rican neighborhoods of the greater West Side. Gentrification here is a “racial fix”: a consensus-building process to inflate value in a speculative market reliant on the historical legacies of racism. The white flight era devalued neighborhoods now facing speculation and hyperinflation as increased global investment, debt culture, and debt financing fuel the growth machine. The discourses of residents, randomized survey results, and a bu

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Sampson, Robert J., and Alix S. Winter. "THE RACIAL ECOLOGY OF LEAD POISONING." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 13, no. 2 (2016): 261–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x16000151.

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AbstractThis paper examines the racial ecology of lead exposure as a form of environmental inequity, one with both historical and contemporary significance. Drawing on comprehensive data from over one million blood tests administered to Chicago children from 1995-2013 and matched to over 2300 geographic block groups, we address two major questions: (1) What is the nature of the relationship between neighborhood-level racial composition and variability in children’s elevated lead prevalence levels? And (2) what is the nature of the relationship between neighborhood-level racial composition and

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Hunter, Stephen, Andrei Rosu, Kylie D. Hesketh, et al. "Objectively Measured Environmental Correlates of Toddlers’ Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior." Pediatric Exercise Science 31, no. 4 (2019): 480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2018-0270.

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Purpose: Examine objectively measured environmental correlates of physical activity and sedentary behavior in toddlers (12–35 mo). Methods: Participants were recruited at immunization appointments in Edmonton, Canada. Physical activity and sedentary time were objectively measured via accelerometers (n = 149). The parents reported screen time and demographic characteristics via a questionnaire (n = 249). Postal codes were used to link neighborhood data via geographic information systems. Neighborhood data included 4 environmental domains: functional (ie, walkability), safety (ie, crime), esthet

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Khademi, S., M. Norouzi, and M. Hashemi. "SUSTAINABLE LAND USE EVALUATION BASED ON PRESERVATIVE APPROACH." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 4, 2019): 653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-653-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Determining the manner of land-use and the spatial structure of cities on the one hand, and the economic value of each piece of land on the other hand, land-use planning is always considered as the main part of urban planning. In this regard, emphasizing the efficient use of land, the sustainable development approach has presented a new perspective on urban planning and consequently on its most important pillar, i.e. land-use planning. In order to evaluate urban land-use, it has been attempted in this paper to select the most significant indicato

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Curiel, Herman. "Parent Group Education to ENABLE “Barrio” Parents." Advances in Social Work 15, no. 1 (2014): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/16648.

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This paper describes a 1960s “War on Poverty” parent group education program that brought together three national private voluntary agencies with federal funding by the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO). Project ENABLE (Education Neighborhood Action for a Better Living Environment) sought to direct professional efforts to help/empower the poor and societal members of ethnic minority groups. Group education as a preventive modality was used to strengthen parents’ problem solving skills in their roles both as parents and as community leaders. The author describes his group leadership role tog

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Kafka, Judith, and Cici Matheny. "Boundary Matters: Uncovering the Hidden History of New York City’s School Subdistrict Lines." AERA Open 7 (January 2021): 233285842110389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23328584211038939.

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This article traces the spatial history of New York City’s geographic school subdistrict boundaries throughout the 20th century, exploring the historical relationship between race, space, and schooling in New York City and beyond. It seeks to both make the case for studying the spatial history of within-district education boundaries and put the results of our historical mapping project into the public domain. Ultimately, we hope that researchers will use our data to explore their own questions about the history of New York City, its neighborhoods, and its schools, and that some may embark on s

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БУШКОВА, Лидия, Lidiya BUSHKOVA, Лада РОЗАНОВА, and Lada ROZANOVA. "SMALL HISTORICAL CITIES OF RUSSIA: URZHUM." Service & Tourism: Current Challenges 11, no. 2 (2017): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22412/1995-0411-2017-11-2-92-101.

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The article is devoted to studying the possibilities of the revival of Russian small historical cities through the tourism development. Preservation of Russian identity and patriotism cannot be without an appeal to ancestral roots and the past of a small homeland. Today in Russia there are 800 small towns, where 20 million people live, or 15% of the population of our country. The crisis of the 1990s was especially damaging to small Russian cities, according to official statistics, almost a third of total low-income people in country live here. Unemployment, low incomes, outflow of economically

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Kako, Iara Sakitani, and Jorge Pimentel Cintra. "THE STRUCTURING OF SÃO PAULO CITY FROM THE ROADS AND RAILS (1867-1930)." Boletim de Ciências Geodésicas 22, no. 4 (2016): 574–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1982-21702016000400033.

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This article presents a proposal for using digital cartography applied to the comparative analysis of a series of 13 historical maps of São Paulo city. The analysis sought to establish links between the rail transport infrastructure and the process of structuring the city of São Paulo between 1870 and 1930. Therefore, we produced thematic maps from a selection of historical maps of the city and the following were identified: urban sprawl, existing neighborhoods, planned housing developments, paths design, railways and streetcars. It proved to be a practical way for digital cartography to be su

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Boonstra, Jaap, and Henk van de Graaf. "Multiple Voices of Democracy in a Cosmopolis." Concepts and Transformation 4, no. 2 (1999): 153–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cat.4.2.04boo.

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This article describes an action research process to solve problems of democracy in neighborhoods in a modern European city. A relational constructionist approach has been used as the theoretical basis for this work. The methodological framework is based on action research, survey feedback and search conferences. The article begins by describing the historical and cultural context of democracy in the city. Special attention is paid to the development of the relationship between researchers and members of neighborhood associations on the one hand, and to the building of a mutual consensus on th

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Thiranagama, Sharika. "Respect Your Neighbor as Yourself: Neighborliness, Caste, and Community in South India." Comparative Studies in Society and History 61, no. 2 (2019): 269–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417519000057.

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AbstractThis essay explores a global and existential problem—how ordinary people live and contend with historically deep subordination, humiliation, and exclusion—through an examination of the everyday lives of formerly untouchable caste Dalit communities in Kerala, India. I look at this through the lens of neighborliness: how people discuss how theylive togetherwith other castes and classes in small town and rural Kerala. Their continuing struggles with and experiences of humiliation and subordination must be placed within the historical context of Kerala, where deep inequality previously con

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Wang, H., and Y. Zhang. "SPATIAL SELECTION OF HERITAGE AND TRANSFER OF LOCAL IDENTITY: A DUAL CASE STUDY BASED ON TWO HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL DISTRICTS IN CITY F, CHINA." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-1-2021 (August 28, 2021): 801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-1-2021-801-2021.

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Abstract. By comparing the successive development, government planning, and public expectations of two landmark historical and cultural districts in F city, this paper attempts to explore the state’s selection and cultural setting of heritage spaces, as well as the identity transfer of local residents in individual memory and collective creation. With case studies on historical districts of S and Y neighborhoods, this paper argues that the selection of heritage spaces is actually a borrowing of local history and culture by the state’s modernization tendency. With the extinction/reformation of

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Cummings, E. Mark, Christine E. Merrilees, Alice C. Schermerhorn, Marcie C. Goeke-Morey, Peter Shirlow, and Ed Cairns. "Testing a social ecological model for relations between political violence and child adjustment in Northern Ireland." Development and Psychopathology 22, no. 2 (2010): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579410000143.

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AbstractRelations between political violence and child adjustment are matters of international concern. Past research demonstrates the significance of community, family, and child psychological processes in child adjustment, supporting study of interrelations between multiple social ecological factors and child adjustment in contexts of political violence. Testing a social ecological model, 300 mothers and their children (M = 12.28 years, SD = 1.77) from Catholic and Protestant working class neighborhoods in Belfast, Northern Ireland, completed measures of community discord, family relations,

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