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1
Remizova, Olena, and Natalya Novak. "Dialogue of epochs in postmodern urban planning concepts of the late ХХth and early ХХIst centuries." Budownictwo i Architektura 17, no. 4 (February 28, 2019): 067–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/bud-arch_18_174_07.
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The postmodern architecture of the last third of the XX century saw a steady tendency of appealing to classical heritage aimed at combining modern technologies and historical associations with classical architecture. The work considers postmodern urban planning concepts of the late XX-the beginning of ХХI centuries. Methods of interpreting the order system in the architecture of postmodernism are analyzed by comparing such theoretical concepts as R. Bofi ll›s industrial classicism, the new urbanism of L. and R. Krier, the theory of the city by Aldo Rossi. Architects postmodernists searching for sense and architectural language began to address to the historical past, using signs and images of classical architecture. Leaders of postmodern movement, trying to return to architecture the «eternal values» lost by modernism, opened a way for new creative searches and transformation of the order system elements. Its representatives were attracted by the «double code» of the order architecture, which allowed to solve complex town-planning problems. Postmodernism declared the idea of «architecture parlante». The notion of «postmodern classicism» disguised the compositional search for dialogue with any classical epoch – antiquity, renaissance, baroque, classicism itself. The order language of these epochs, possessing a tremendous potential of utterance, allowed the architect to create all the new meanings and texts. The article discusses the change of semantic meanings occurring in modern urbanism, the interpretation of order compositions, the notion of «order tradition» and the expansion of the semantics of the order system in historical and cultural context. The article shows that the theory of postmodernism actualized the notion of «order tradition» and expanded the semantics of the order system by its application in modern city planning concepts.
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Kryk-Kastovsky, Barbara. "Impoliteness in Early Modern English courtroom discourse." Historical Courtroom Discourse 7, no. 2 (June 23, 2006): 213–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.7.2.04kry.
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The paper investigates whether the notion of impoliteness worked out for synchronic pragmatics is also applicable in diachronic pragmatics. An analysis of two Early Modern English court trial records demonstrates that the answer is positive provided some new dimensions are added. My model of impoliteness cuts across the following axes: structural, semantic, and pragmatic. Structural impoliteness ranges from words and phrases to portions of texts, thus the syntactic dimension cuts across the complexity dimension. The semantic/pragmatic dimension includes numerous non-literal meanings of impoliteness. An utterance can be judged as impolite on the basis of its surface representations (“overt impoliteness”), or the impoliteness of an expression has to be inferred and takes the form of an implicature (“covert impoliteness”). Thus, the final interpretation would depend both on the speaker’s intention when producing an utterance, its (perlocutionary) effect(s) on the addressee, and the overall context. Finally, all these variables cut across the socio-historical dimension.
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Daiber, Thomas. "To Believe in the Old Church Slavonic Gospel Translation (Codex Marianus)." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 4 (December 2019): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2019.4.3.
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Drawing on theoretical definition of a speech act, the paper seeks to compare the theoretical semantics of BELIEVE with the lexical semantics of the words used in the Old Slavonic Gospel translation for expressing different modes of believing. The general principles in the use of the verb веровати and related paraphrasing utterances in comparison to Greek according to the majority of instances have been considered. The historical use of lexical material shows that the development of different ways of morphosyntactic use reflects the development of communication practices which are an index of societal behaviour. The author states it that the comparison of the speech act BELIEVE with contested lexical semantics provided the conclusion that a verb *věriti cannot be reconstructed for Proto-Slavic, but at the period under analysis the concept BELIEVE was verbalized by веровати with the primary personal meaning of "believe in someone" (the dative of a person is needed in constructions like "I have faith in Him"). It is supposed that the necessity to introduce the verb *věriti appeared when people started to extend the personal meaning of BELIEVE upto "an impersonal believed object" (sematic bleaching), and if they did it the verb *věriti might had been analogically produced as derivation of the primary noun. The author concludes that the translation technique of the first Slavonic Bible is more ad sensum than ad verbum and sometimes even reveals theological considerations of the translator. The speech act BELIEVE seems to display semantic bleaching as it loses its transcendent truth conditions and becomes more and more connected with impersonal believed objects.
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Thrane, Torben. "Nominaler, nominaliseringer og semantisk kompleksitet." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 11, no. 21 (February 15, 2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v11i21.25476.
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It is a fundamental semantic property of all kinds of deverbal nominalizations that they may be used to talk about situations as if they were entities. In cases where a systematic morphological nominalization is at hand it becomes the name of a situation type, an abstraction from historical situations whose participants are ‘present’ only in a manner comparable to unbound variables in a logical formula. Such nominalizations are regarded as semantically saturated since they do not require syntactic realization of any of its arguments, nor can they be assigned an unambiguous event structure. This makes them semantically complex predicates the interpretation of which in actual utterance situations depends on both contextual and situational information.
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RADZIIEVSKA, T. V. "URBANISTIC NOMINATION IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN LANGUAGE PROCESSES THE: FUNCTIONAL-SEMANTIC AND LINGUOCULTURAL ASPECTS." Movoznavstvo 319, no. 4 (August 20, 2021): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33190/0027-2833-319-2021-4-001.
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The article deals with the modern Ukrainian urbanistic nomination as a constituent of active language processes. From the standpoint of general linguistics functional and semantic nature of urbanonym, its place and role in different discourses, the sociolinguistic phenomenon of renaming (on the example of Kyiv urbanonymy) are examined. In the context of ideas of reference analysis and semantics of syntax an urbanonym is characterized as a unit of an identifying type of meaning (as opposed to units of a predicate type of meaning), to which a close connection between a denotatum and a name, as well as the use in an utterance with the referential function is peculiar. It is shown that the functioning of an urbanistic nomination in oral discourse is determined, first of all, by the pragmatic factor, the speaker’s knowledge of the relationship between the denotatum and its name, his cultural background and experience of living in a certain urban space and by the need for orientation in it. In written speech, the urbanistic nomination is presented in reference and informational, media, historical-topographic, and fiction discourses, in which it has various functions, in particular, the function of identifying an individual or legal entity in juridical texts and other texts of a documentary type. The active sociolinguistic processes in which the urbanonyms are involved find an imprint in modern fiction discourse in the creation of non-standard syntactic constructions and the use of unofficial urbanistic nominations within the frame of language game. The practice of renaming is analyzed in the aspect of reference analysis, in connection with which two types of linguocultural situations are distinguished, due to the correlation between the transformation of the urban object (denotatum) and the change of name. It is shown that in the modern Ukrainian practice of renaming, there is a steady tendency towards the introduction of an additional predicate semantic component into the meaning of an urbanonym. It is concluded that the current functioning of the urbanonym is subordinated to the mechanisms that operate in the different discursive practices.
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Dehé, Nicole, and Anne Wichmann. "The multifunctionality of epistemic parentheticals in discourse." Functions of Language 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.17.1.01deh.
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The aim of this study is to identify the relation between the interpretation of epistemic parentheticals in discourse and their prosodic realisation. Data drawn from a corpus of British English speech suggests that epistemic parentheticals (comment clauses such as I think, I believe) convey a spectrum of meaning from propositional to interpersonal. They have long been categorised simply as sentence adverbials with a meaning that relates to the truth value of the proposition. However, a study of their prosodic realisation suggests that they occupy a transitional place in the process of semantic change. They can express a wide range of meanings from propositional (sentential) meaning, through discourse meaning to the status of verbal filler. The analysis draws on theories of discourse, historical change and prosody. It makes an important contribution to the understanding of how prosody conveys apparently subtle shades of meaning that are nonetheless crucial for utterance interpretation, including degrees of speaker certainty, the identification of disfluency and the expression of politeness.
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Al-Azzam, Bakri Hussein Suleiman. "Culture as a Problem in the Translation of Jordanian Proverbs into English." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 1 (December 15, 2017): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.1p.56.
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The study aims at identifying the cultural problems, encountered in the translation of Jordanian proverbs into English. The significance of the study stems from the fact that it stresses on the social, colloquial, and folkloric use of proverbs that adds to the various implications of them. It relies on the selection of proverbs that are used and understood in different regions of Jordan. They address different social and cultural issues, and this makes indispensible the relationship between Jordanians and their cultural and social values. The conventions of the proverbs reflect their historical background, and the actual incidents or events that have led to their formation, utterance, currency, and frequency. The whole proverbial context has been pivotally and elementally noticed in proverbs' construction, and this fact enhances both the utterer and the audience in the comprehension of the proverb. Translating the selected proverbs into English collides with many challenges, of which the cultural ones are observed as the most manifest. What adds to the translation challenges is the colloquialism of the proverbs, which gives them enough semantic, social, and cultural values that cannot be stripped or ignored in the literal translation of the proverbs.
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Zakharova, E. M. "Chronotope of literary-critical judgement (based on books of I.I. Vinogradov)." Solov’evskie issledovaniya, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 162–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2076-9210.2020.4.162-176.
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The phenomenon of the undefined status of literary criticism leads to a lack of clarity in its terminological apparatus. In particular, there is no unity on the issue of what to consider as the plot of a literary-critical utterance, as well as how to determine its motivational structure, or to identify a set of semantic fields. The subject of this research is the literary category of the chronotope, which is used to analyze the poetics of a critical text. This study was carried out on the basis of the collections of I.I. Vinogradov (1930-2015) “Like bread and water. Art in Our Life” (1963), “Art. True. Realism” (1975), “On a living track. Spiritual Searches of Russian Classics” (1987) with the involvement of textual criticism, biographical data and evidence of the historical context. Despite the artificiality of dividing the chronotope as dominant uniting texts, each of its parts is consistently characterized in order to accomplish the most complete presentation. Space, not in physical, but in textual terms, is understood as a set of factors that bind articles together at a formal level (genre format, heading complexes, typography design). The author's image is viewed as multifunctional: it builds an internal connection and a storyline. The functions of the chronological aspect are also shown: responsibility for the historical, cultural and biographical contexts, dating, meaningful transformation of articles. The conclusion deals with the possibility of using a complex view of the totality of chronotopic characteristics of judgment and the methodological preferences of the critic as a whole.
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Ramírez, Eduardo García. "I Do Not Exist. Problems for Dynamic Semantics." Tópicos, Revista de Filosofía, no. 56 (December 13, 2018): 393–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.21555/top.v0i56.1012.
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According to dynamic semantics, what is said by an utterance of a sentence is determined by how the common ground is affected by the acceptance of such utterance. It has been claimed that dynamic semantics offers an account of what is said by an utterance in a context that excels that of traditional static semantics. Assertions of negative existential constructions, of the form ‘X does not exist’, are a case in point. These assertions traditionally pose a problem for philosophers of language. A recent proposal, owed to Clapp (2008), argues that static semantics is unable to solve the problem and offers a dynamic semantics account that promises to succeed. In this paper I want to challenge this account and, more generally, the scope of the dynamic semantics framework. I will offer a counterexample, inspired by “answering machine” uses of indexical and demonstrative expressions, to show how dynamic semantics fails. I conclude by considering the merits of both static and dynamic accounts.
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Galkina, Natalja P. "SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC SYNCRETISM OF THE WORD ВЕДЬ AT THE LEVEL OF HYPOTAXIS." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 22, no. 3 (2020): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2020-3-22-81-88.
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The paper is devoted to the role of the word ведь in the organization of a subordinate syntactic connection between sentences. The work is carried out within the study of the expression of relations of conditioning through complex sentences in works of the book style – scientific and publicistic. The word ведь has a variety of shades of meaning, it features polyfunctionality and syntactic variability. Most grammatical descriptions qualify it as both a particle and a conjunction. Given the polysemy and variety of uses of this word, modern researchers who study discourse classify it as a discoursive word/discourse marker. It is noted that polysemy and syntactic variability of the modern word ведь result from its historical origin and development. The method of interpretation based on the etymologically inherent meaning of this word and transformation method are proposed as a way to concretize relations marked by this linking device. According to observations on the material of journalism ведь often acts as a linking word for causal constructions both within a complex sentence and between separate, semantically related sentences. In certain cases, there is a combination of causal and conventional meanings. In addition, the combination of ведь with adversative conjunctions a, но adds the seme of concession. The observation results are illustrated with examples from journalism materials with their subsequent analysis. It is shown that replacing ведь with categorical causal, conditional, concessive conjunctions confirms the corresponding relationships, however, it cannot provide a full disclosure of the meaning of the statement, since with such a transformation the seme of presence, complicity, and the author's assessment observed in the original statements is lost. One should say about the stylistic marking of the structures under study, which contribute to the implementation of the evaluative and influencing function of the journalistic style. In other cases, the word ведь acts as a particle, contributing to the actualization of the utterance as something known, obviously expedient. Although there is a causal relationship in such constructions, the connecting function is not paramount there. Thus, the polyfunctionality of a polysemantic word ведь ensures the variability of its use by the authors and a multidimensional approach to its linguistic description.
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Polzin, Thomas, and Hannes Rieser. "Parsing with Situation Semantics." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 14, no. 2 (December 1991): 141–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500002432.
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This paper integrates several related lines of research in an implemented model. Its main aim is to show how principles of situation semantics concerning meanings, constraints and the preferred ontology can be represented and mapped onto expressions of natural language in a straightforward way. For assembling larger chunks of information a unification-based approach is used. The semantics is grafted upon a shift- reduce parser which does the main work in associating expressions with meanings. In order to capture the much debated difference between sentence and utterance meaning the whole machinery provides first an abstract meaning (conceived as a constraint) where the parameters are non-anchored. Subsequently, a model in the technical sense provides anchors for parameters and thus yields the utterance meaning of the sentence parsed. Finally, it is checked whether this semantic representation of the parsing result can be regarded as a genuine situation semantic object. This is done by showing that it confirms to the axioms of a situation theoretic model. As a result, parses are far more constrained and theory-guided than usual. The idea of parsing used goes back to work originally done by Barwise and Perry, the coding of semantic entities owes much to proposals issued by K. Devlin and D. Westerdåhl. The whole model is implemented in PROLOG
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Shevchenko, Viacheslav D., and Andrei V. Komarov. "Lexical-Semantic and Syntactic Peculiarities of the American Photographic Discourse of the Great Depression (as exemplified by the titles of the American photographs during the period of 1929-1942)." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 1 (2020) (March 25, 2020): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2020-1-82-91.
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The present article describes the analysis of the peculiarities of such a cognitive-communicative phenomenon as American photographic discourse. It contains sociolinguistic and cultural-semiotic particular features. The present complex discourse is analyzed in the context of linguistic synchrony during the period of the Great Depression, the economic crisis that influenced not only the American discursive space but also all the spheres of the American society from 1929 till 1942. The authors typify the photographic discourse as a synthesis of linguistic forms comparing it with the utterance (act of speech) by virtue of its peculiar structural components – persuasion, cognition and purposefulness. The authors conclude that the American photographic discourse combines the inner qualities of the visual, author and critical art (the arts) discourses because of its complex essence. Besides, the lexical representatives of the American photographic discourse of the times of the Depression are defined by a certain semantic peculiarity – absence of the words with the abstract meaning. According to the authors, such a consistency may be explained not only due to the presence of the semantic links with the main “Depression” macro-concept and also due to the certain socio-historical events. The majority of the representatives materializing the micro-concepts possess the negative evaluative connotation as evidenced by the commemoration of the “crisis” integral seme peculiar both for the macro Depression concept and all the micro-concepts (“Poverty”, “Manual Labor”, “Racism”, “Migration”, “Death”, “Disease” and “Protest”). However, the important characteristic of the “Manual Labor” micro-concept is a high frequency rate of the words denoting professions in the sphere of farming and mining. Such a tendency proclaims the US individualistic culture that is focused on the personal initiative and the active combating the difficulties. The analysis of the syntactic means objectified within the framework of the American photographic discourse has demonstrated that the titles of the photographs presented in the form of phrases (word clusters) have a sentence-like essence. Such a characteristic presupposes the presence of the predication and modality features specifically attributed to a sentence. As the result, there has been acknowledged the special complex syntactic status of the titles of the American photographs.
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Pouscoulous, Nausicaa, and Frédéric Goubier. "Virtus sermonis and the semantics-pragmatics distinction." Vivarium 49, no. 1-3 (2011): 214–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853411x590507.
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AbstractLate medieval theories of language and contemporary philosophy of language have been compared on numerous occasions. Here, we would like to compare two debates: that between the nature of Virtus sermonis, on the medieval side—focusing on a statute published in 1340 by the Faculty of Arts of the University of Paris and its opponents—and, on the contemporary side, the on-going discussion on the semantics-pragmatics distinction and how the truth-value of an utterance should be established. Both the statute and Gricean pragmatics insist on the importance of taking into account the speaker’s intention and the context in establishing the signification of an utterance. Yet, upon closer examination, a more convincing parallel might be drawn between the statute’s position and current theories in truth-conditional pragmatics. Focusing on a few aspects of the statute that seem to find a counterpart within contemporary pragmatics, we try to show how the issues they give rise to converge, but also diverge.
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Harris, Jesse A. "Towards a formal semantics for interjective ‘what’." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 23 (August 24, 2013): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v23i0.2682.
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Discourse particles and interjectives allow a speaker to signal how information presented in an utterance relates to her epistemic or emotive state. I present a semantics for one such interjective: the English particle what, providing evidence that it carries multiple discourse functions, and proposing that these distinct uses are best captured by their relation to the central discourse topic.
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Korta, Kepa, and María Ponte. "Tenses, Dates and Times." Research in Language 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2014): 301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rela-2015-0002.
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This paper presents a theory of utterance content that is neutral with respect to some of the key issues in the debate about the proper semantics of tense. Elaborating on some ideas from Korta & Perry (2011), we defend a proposal according to which utterances of both temporally specific and temporally unspecific sentences have a systematic variety of contents, from utterance-bound to incremental or referential. This analysis will shed some light on the contribution of tense to what is said by an utterance.
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Matkhanova, I. P. "Reference, inference and description of the semantics of an utterance." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/36/17.
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Klinge, Alex. "The English modal auxiliaries: from lexical semantics to utterance interpretation." Journal of Linguistics 29, no. 2 (September 1993): 315–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700000359.
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Like so many others before it, this exposition is of the meaning of the English modal auxiliaries, which are found in utterances conveying modal meanings such as ability, possibility and permission. However, unlike the majority of its predecessors, the present rendering admits to being about more than semantics. With the five central modal auxiliaries, can, may, must, will and shall, the modals for short, as a point of departure, a framework will be formulated to shed light on some central aspects of the immense cotext and context sensitivity involved in the meaning of utterances of sentences containing a modal auxiliary.
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Perlina, Nina. "From Historical Semantics to the Semantics of Cultural Forms." Soviet Studies in Literature 27, no. 1 (December 1990): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rsl1061-197527015.
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Wan Omar, Wan Abdul Hayyi, and Idris Mansor. "PEMERHATIAN TERHADAP TERJEMAHAN TEKS SEJARAH ISLAM KE DALAM BAHASA MELAYU." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 4, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss2pp265-281.
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Teks sejarah Islam merupakan nadi penting yang menyimpan khazanah arkeologi sejarah ketamadunan Islam yang terbina. Catatan yang terkandung dalam teks ini menjadi sumber yang penting untuk dihayati oleh seluruh umat Islam kerana pemahaman sejarah yang baik mampu membina kepercayaan keagamaan yang kukuh. Hal ini demikian kerana segala catatan ajaran, asbab dan perkembangan Islam yang berlaku termasuk perihal berkaitan asbab al-nuzul dan asbab al-wurud sesuatu ajaran dicitrakan dalam genre teks ini. Namun begitu, tidak semua penganut Islam mampu memahaminya disebabkan ketidakmampuan mereka dalam menguasai bahasa Arab. Lantaran itu, mereka perlu bergantung kepada teks sejarah terjemahan sebagai wadah sandaran. Sungguhpun begitu, kewujudannya amat sukar ditemui walaupun aktiviti penterjemahan teks agama Islam seperti fikah, usul fiqah, tasawuf, aqidah, tafsir, al-Quran dan hadis ke dalam bahasa Melayu di Nusantara telah berlaku sejak kurun ke-15 Masihi. Untuk itu, kajian ini dijalankan dengan memberi fokus terhadap senario perkembangan aktiviti terjemahan teks sejarah Islam sedia ada serta meneliti corak terjemahan yang digunakan. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan mengimplikasi pendekatan kajian kepustakaan dan penilaian ke atas dua teks terjemahan, iaitu Sirah Nabawiyyah hasil terjemahan Muhammad Ramzi Omar (2017) dan Sirah Rasulullah s.a.w Keagungan Seorang Nabi Bongsu hasil terjemahan Senawi Ali (2014) dan dibandingkan dengan teks sumber yang berjudul al-Raheeq al-Makhtum oleh Al-Mubarakpuri (1987). Dapatan kajian menunjukkan keterbatasan dalam aktiviti penterjemahan teks genre sejarah Islam berbanding dengan teks Islam daripada genre yang lain. Kebanyakan teks terjemahan sejarah Islam lebih berbentuk saduran dan pendekatan terjemahan yang digunakan lebih cenderung kepada pendekatan semantik. Situasi ini menyebabkan hasil terjemahan lebih cenderung ke arah bahasa dan budaya teks sumber berbanding kecenderungan kepada bahasa dan budaya sasaran.
Kata kunci: Corak terjemahan, teks agama, teks sejarah Islam, terjemahan Arab-Melayu
ABSTRACT
Texts on the history of Islam are priceless treasures as they contain archaeological information on the history of Islamic civilisation. The records in the texts serve as integral resources for Muslims all over the world because good understanding of the history could help develop strong foundation of religious belief. This is because all records on the teachings, explanations, and development of Islam including the occasions or circumstances of revelation (asbab al-nuzul) and circumstances of utterance (asbab al-wurud) are kept in this genre. However, not all Muslims can understand the texts as they do not understand Arabic. Therefore, they need to rely on the translations of historical texts as their source of information. Still, translations of historical texts are hard to find although translations of Islamic texts such as fiqh, usul al-fiqh, tasawuf, aqidah, tafsir, al-Quran and hadith into Malay began as early as the 15th AD in the Malay Archipelago. As such, this study is focused on the existing activities of translating texts on Islamic history. The study also investigates the patterns in the translations carried out. The study involved library research and a close observation on two translated texts which are Sirah Nabawiyyah translated by Omar (2017) and Sirah Rasulullah s.a.w Keagungan Seorang Nabi Bongsu translated by Senawi Ali (2014) and compared with the source text entitled al-Raheeq al-Makhtum by Al-Mubarakpuri (1987). Findings from the study show that there are limitations in the activities of translating Islamic historical texts compared to other genres of Islamic texts. Most of the translated texts on the history of Islam are in the form of adaptations and the translations are more inclined towards the semantic approach. This situation, therefore, produced translation products which tended more towards the source language and culture rather than the target language and culture.
Keywords: Arabic-Malay translation, Islamic historical, religious text, text, translation patterns
Cite as: Wan Omar, W. A. H., & Mansor, I. (2019). Pemerhatian terhadap terjemahan teks sejarah Islam ke dalam Bahasa Melayu [An observation on the translated Islamic historical texts into Malay]. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 4(2), 265-281. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss2pp265-281
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Winters, Margaret E. "Historical Semantics and Cognition (review)." Language 78, no. 4 (2002): 780–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2003.0068.
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Ihalainen, Pasi. "Between historical semantics and pragmatics." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 7, no. 1 (January 12, 2006): 115–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.7.1.06iha.
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This paper discusses the methodology of conceptual history, a branch of the study of the history of political thought which focuses on the changing meanings of political concepts over the course of time. It is suggested here that methodological disputes among historians of political thought frequently arise out of differing theories of language and meaning and that historians should be more open-minded to the idea of combining various research strategies in their work. Conceptual history, for instance, can be viewed as the combination of historical versions of semantics and pragmatics. While the study of the macro-level semantic changes in the language of politics can reveal interesting long-term trends and innovative uses of language, a contextual analysis of speech acts is also needed when the rhetorical aspects of conceptual change are traced. This interaction of semantic and pragmatic analysis in conceptual history is illustrated by examples originating from eighteenth-century political preaching.
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Duncan, Daniel. "The role of gesture in the English ish-construction." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v4i1.4462.
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The English ish-construction, in which ish follows an utterance to indicate hedging, is multimodal. It has a prosodic component (a pause between the utterance and ish), and, as observed in this paper, it is often accompanied by a co-speech gesture such as a shrug. Data from a perception study suggests that unlike prosody, gesture is not a grammatical component of the ish-construction. However, gesture does play a significant role in conveying affect to listeners. I suggest that this use of gesture is a not-at-issue contribution to the utterance, and call for further work uniting the semantics/pragmatics and sociolinguistics of gesture.
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Elivanova, Mariya A., and Valeria A. Semushina. "Utterance semantics of Russian-speaking children at the early syntactic stages." Izvestia: Herzen University Journal of Humanities & Sciences, no. 196 (2020): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33910/1992-6464-2020-196-76-85.
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Ghomeshi, Jila. "The Semantics of the Bengali Verbfεla." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 36, no. 4 (December 1991): 337–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100014493.
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Any theory of semantics must account for the role of inference in the interpretation of a sentence, however, it is not clear at which level of the grammar this inferencing capability must be represented. In Sperber and Wilson (1986) for example, inference plays an important role in the interpretation of an utterance in discourse, yet their theory does not integrate lexical representations with discourse and inferencing. Jackendoff (1987, 1990) on the other hand, while giving explicit representations for sentences and lexical items, does not address the question of discourse and inference. In this paper I will argue that it is essential to take account of discourse-level factors when analyzing sentence meaning, and indeed word meaning. In particular I will show that the meaning of the auxiliary verbfεla. in Bengali can be properly represented only if such discourse-level factors are included.
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Wheeler, Rebecca. "Understand in Conceptual Semantics." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 21, no. 1 (June 25, 1995): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v21i1.1425.
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Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Historical Issues in Sociolinguistics/Social Issues in Historical Linguistics (1995)
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Bavani, Rezvan Massah. "Historical Semantics of the Word ʿaḏrā." Arabica 61, no. 6 (November 3, 2014): 760–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341324.
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The word ʿaḏrāʾ initially reminds Muslims or Arab Christians of the Virgin Mary, who is always referred to with great respect and reverence. The association of Mary with the term ʿaḏrāʾ itself has a long history. However, the question is why she was given this attribute and whether or not this word was used in the sense of a “maiden and virgin.” In this paper, the writer has tried to explore the historical process of semantic evolution of this word and reveal its various meanings in broader texts.
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St. Amant, Guy. "The Early Historical Semantics of Śruti." Indo-Iranian Journal 64, no. 2 (May 27, 2021): 95–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15728536-06402001.
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Abstract An examination of the early usage of the word śruti is needed to clarify how it came to refer to the Veda. This paper reveals that śruti did not assume this meaning as the result of a belief in the aural revelation of the Vedic hymns. The śrautasūtras use the word śruti to cite brāhmaṇa texts and to indicate “hearing” a unit of speech in a Vedic passage. The second of these meanings was probably the historically original one, and this paper argues that it emerged out of early attempts to theorize how people drew information from the Veda. Śruti was placed in contrast with other modes of textual engagement that were understood to go beyond the literal words of the text.
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Vasilev, N., and D. Zhatkin. "“I am not a poet ...” History of the semantics of poetic utterance." Русская речь, no. 6 (December 2018): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013161170003000-9.
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Cobos Castillo, Yamila. "Nadie es perfecto: un análisis semántico discursivo dimensional de la crítica cinematográfica de Rufo Caballero." Textos en Proceso 4, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17710/tep.2018.4.1.2coboscastillo.
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Criticizing cinema has always been a historical temptation and not exactly the most encouraging one. Misunderstood by some, admired by others; Rufo Caballero's atypical and controversial opinion speech goes beyond the scope of a strictly academic film critique. The object of study of the following work is the critical evaluating subject of cinema as the modal ilocutive actant of the evaluative speech acts in the discourse on cinematographic criticism. Dimensional analysis has been used as a fundamental methodology to study the content of the value meaning of utterances and their constituents: speech acts. It is based on the semantic value analysis model developed by the group of Semantic and Semiotic Studies of the Foreign Language School of the University of Havana. In particular, this discourse of the evaluating subject Rufo Caballero unfolded as a critical film illocutionary agent is characterized by positive, ambiguous and negative axiological positions always framed in the aesthetic domain. The critical ilocutive subject is modeled in consonance with its functions, generally of aesthetic appreciation, from the relation with the focalized objects: the film, the performance, the dramaturgy, the styles of the filmmakers and also their assumed attitude as a critic.
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Feist, Michele I., and Sarah E. Duffy. "Moving beyond ‘Next Wednesday’: The interplay of lexical semantics and constructional meaning in an ambiguous metaphoric statement." Cognitive Linguistics 26, no. 4 (November 1, 2015): 633–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2015-0052.
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AbstractWhat factors influence our understanding of metaphoric statements about time? By examining the interpretation of one such statement – namely, Next Wednesday’s meeting has been moved forward by two days – earlier research has demonstrated that people may draw on spatial perspectives, involving multiple spatially based temporal reference strategies, to interpret metaphoric statements about time (e.g. Boroditsky 2000; Kranjec 2006; McGlone and Harding 1998; Núñez et al. 2006). However, what is still missing is an understanding of the role of linguistic factors in the interpretation of temporal statements such as this one. In this paper, we examine the linguistic properties of this famous temporally ambiguous utterance, considered as an instantiation of a more schematic construction. In Experiment 1, we examine the roles of individual lexical items that are used in the utterance in order to better understand the interplay of lexical semantics and constructional meaning in the context of a metaphoric statement. Following up on prior suggestions in the literature, we ask whether the locus of the ambiguity is centred on the adverb, centred on the verb, or distributed across the utterance. The results suggest that the final interpretation results from an interplay of verb and adverb, suggesting a distributed temporal semantics analogous to the distributed semantics noted for the metaphoric source domain of space (Sinha and Kuteva 1995) and consistent with a constructional view of language (Goldberg 2003). In Experiment 2, we expand the linguistic factors under investigation to include voice and person. The findings suggest that grammatical person, but not grammatical voice, may also influence the interpretation of the Next Wednesday’s meeting metaphor. Taken together, the results of these two studies illuminate the interplay of lexical and constructional factors in the interpretation of temporal metaphors.
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S. Mane, Samadhan. "PHILOSOPHY, LOGIC AND PRAGMATIC PRESUPPOSITION." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 5 (May 30, 2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12802.
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Presupposition has long history in philosophy of language and linguistic semantics. Recent works in linguistics have given a central place to the notion of presupposition. It is studied as an essential aspect in providing semantic as well as pragmatic representations. Resultantly, presupposition has obtained a significant place in linguists, logicians and philosophers spheres of interest. It has been studied as a kind of unspoken information that accompanies an utterance. Moreover, presuppositions perform a significant role in our understanding of how context and background determine proper interpretation of any utterance. They are studied as conditions which must be fulfilled for an expression to be interpreted meaningfully.
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Aitken, Martin. "The English Possessive Marker in a Framework of Relevance." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 22, no. 43 (August 30, 2017): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v22i43.96877.
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English nominals constructed with the morpheme {-s} as a so-called possessive marker may be assigned an indefinitely large number of interpretations depending on the context of utterance. This raises interesting questions concerning the interface between semantics and pragmatics, most obviously concerning the more specific nature of the contextually invariable encoded content of the morpheme as well as the contribution made by that content to the process of comprehension. This article aims briefly to suggest one solution to these problems by proposing an underdetermined procedural semantics feeding into a principled cognitive process of inference as proposed within the framework of relevance theory.
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Demchenko, Alexander I. "The Semantics of Revolutionary Imagery." ICONI, no. 1 (2019): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33779/2658-4824.2019.1.102-115.
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The formation of revolutionary imagery in the works of 20th century Russian composers turned out to be a lengthy process. Its decisive stage coincides with the 1950s and is primarily connected with the musical legacy of Dmitri Shostakovich. Among the main criteria of revolutionary semantics, the following are highlighted in the article: the direct or indirect connections with the folklore of the Revolution and the Civil War; efficacy and drama, which presumes the recreation of the high tension of life experience, outlining of confrontations of life; the audacity, virility and sternness of tone, a highlighted civic consciousness of utterance, a martial, assertive spirit. The varieties of the examined complex are viewed according the principles of paired contrasts: the march-like vs. the swirling, the songlike vs. the instrumental, the potential vs. the kinetic. At the same time, it is emphasized that the attribute of the march in all of its possible interpretations, open or concealed, always remains the foundation of revolutionary imagery. The dialectic quality inherent to it always becomes unfolded in conjugacy with such seemingly incompatible pictorial characteristic features as being tuned at an irate mood and the spirit of radiance. Within the system of the examined semantics, they appear as mutually complimentary essences forming an organic whole.
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Colapietro, Vincent. "Bebop as historical actuality, urban aesthetic, and critical utterance." Philosophy & Geography 6, no. 2 (August 2003): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1090377032000114624.
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Tarasov, Leonid. "Why We Need Corpus Linguistics in Intuition-Based Semantics." Grazer Philosophische Studien 95, no. 4 (December 11, 2018): 421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-000052.
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The following method is popular in some areas of philosophy and linguistics when trying to describe the semantics of a given sentence Φ. Present ordinary speakers with scenarios that involve an utterance of Φ, ask them whether these utterances are felicitous or infelicitous and then construct a semantics that assigns the truth-value True to felicitous utterances of Φ and the truth-value False to infelicitous utterances of Φ. The author makes five observations about this intuition-based approach to semantics; their upshot is that it should be revised in favour of a more nuanced method. The author suggests that this method should be based on corpus linguistics and makes some tentative remarks about what it might look like and which questions we need to address in order to develop it.
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Ivic, Milka. "On the implicational/non-implicational semantics of adjectives and adverbs occurring in an utterance which contains the information 'more than'." Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 63 (2007): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi0763007i.
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This paper considers Serbian adjectives and adverbs denoting qualification property Z in cases when they occur in an utterance of the type ?X is more Z than Y?. The author?s analysis makes it evident that, depending on the lexical meaning of the given adjective / adverb, Z either does, or does not imply that both the X and Y entities are qualified by it. She shows moreover how, by introducing the word jos into his utterance, the speaker succeeds to attribute the property Z to both X and Y in spite of its non-implicational meaning.
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Hyungdae Lee. "Historical Semantics in the Enlightenment Period Poetry." Korean Classical Poetry Studies 37, no. ll (November 2014): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32428/poetry.37..201411.7.
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Ji-Ryong Lim. "Historical Trends and Characteristics of Lexical Semantics." Korean Language Research ll, no. 31 (December 2012): 195–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.16876/klrc.2012..31.195.
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Rett, Jessica. "The Semantics of Emotive Markers and Other Illocutionary Content." Journal of Semantics 38, no. 2 (May 2021): 305–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffab005.
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Abstract I identify a class of expressions called ‘emotive markers,’ exemplified by fortunately and alas, which encode not-at-issue information about the speaker’s emotive attitude towards the content of the utterances they occur in. I argue that there are important differences emotive markers and other encoders of not-at-issue content, in particular utterance modifiers like frankly or evidential adverbs like apparently. In contrast to these, emotive markers can result in Moore’s Paradox and always range over their local argument. I conclude that the contribution of emotive markers should be treated as ‘illocutionary content’, on par with the speaker’s other Discourse Commitments (Gunlogson, 2001), and I model this analysis in the dynamic sub-sentential update framework in Farkas & Bruce (2010).
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Bary, Corien. "Tense in Ancient Greek Reports." Journal of Greek Linguistics 12, no. 1 (2012): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156658412x649968.
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AbstractThis paper shows that tenses in Ancient Greek reports have both an anaphoric and a shifted-indexical component. It develops a new account of Ancient Greek tenses that deals with this combination of features. Following Klein's (1994) semantics of tense, I claim that tense indicates the relation between an anaphoric topic time and the moment of utterance, the now. As for Ancient Greek indirect discourse, I argue that the anaphoric component works exactly the same as in non-embedded discourse (contra von Stechow 1995). The indexical component, however, is di ferent in that the now is not provided by the actual context of utterance, but by the reported context. The DRT account developed models this combination of features, taking also into account the role of aspect.
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Pajėdienė, Jūratė. "On the semantics of subordinate clauses of time." Lietuvių kalba, no. 2 (December 29, 2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2008.22892.
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The paper sets out to discuss the correlation between the semantic relationships of de re and de dicto type of subordinate clauses of time and grammatical tense forms of predicates. The de dicto type of subordinate clauses is seen as correlating with the predicate expressed by the present and future tense forms of the verb and the usage of conjunctive words in the most general temporal meaning (kai/kada/kuomet/kol ‘when/while'). The above grammatical features of predicates and lexical preferences of conjunctive words usually determine that the meaning in the clauses of time is intertwined with other meanings. Preference to clauses of time over conditional clauses in particular discourses is mostly concerned with a well-developed communicative competence of the addressor. Displacing syntactic roles of components in a subordinate clause of time is only possible in very rare cases when reference is made to an idiosyncratic context of the situation of utterance.
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Yasrebi, Sepideh. "Indirect reports as semantic-pragmatic games." Intercultural Pragmatics 16, no. 4 (August 27, 2019): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ip-2019-0023.
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Abstract This paper examines indirect reports from the lens of socio-cognitive approach (SCA) to pragmatics. Indirect reports have the capacity to re-mold the substance of the original utterance as a whole. In direct reporting, the original utterance is produced in an actual situational context, and then, it is being reported by a different speaker in a new situational context. So, the utterance which was initially produced is only interpretable in the light of the common ground A whereas the reported utterance is only interpretable in the light of common ground B. We have it from Kecskes (2013. Intercultural pragmatics. New York: Oxford University Press: 159) that “common ground is both an a priori existing and a cooperatively constructed mental abstraction. Likewise, the main condition of reporting is the need of the hearer: there would be no need for reported speech if the audience were already aware of the content of the report. For that reason, the process of meaning making in reporting, that is, the transmission and simultaneously creation of meaning is inextricably bound with the question of context, salience, common ground, pragmatics, semantics and syntax, not to mention all those bodily gestures and expressions that can, or more importantly, cannot be registered in language.
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Kirkovs’ka, Inga. "CATEGORY OF FUTURALITY WITHIN THE SYSTEM OF MODUS CATEGORIES." Problems of General and Slavic Linguistics, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/251906.
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The aim of the investigation under consideration is to study the nature of the category of futurality within the system of modus categories in the French language. The object of the work is the category of futurality in contemporary French, the subject is the study of the category of futurality in contemporary French within the system of modus categories of evidentiality, modality and persuasiveness. In the course of the study, the distinctions between modality and modus have been outlined, the place of the category of futurality within the modus categories has been identified, the peculiarity of the category of futurality as a modus category has been analysed. Conclusions: the peculiarity of futurality as a modus category is that it belongs to the modus categories denoting action/event, real in the future “in the speaker’s view”. In this sense the category of futurality is closer to the categories of modality (real information stated by the speaker) and predicativity (confidence in the information stated by the speaker) in meaning, whereas differing from them by the semantics of the stated temporality denoting the relation of consequence in reference to the moment of speaking. The category of futurality is connected with other modus categories: category of assertion with semantics of neutral prospection, category of persuasiveness with the seme of assurance in reference to the future and category of modality with the seme of reality in reference to the future. The major types of modal meanings forming the modus category of futurality are: 1) speaker’s estimation of the subject matter of the utterance from the perspective of reality/irreality in the future; 2) estimation of the environment of the utterance from the perspective of probability/necessity/desirability in the future; 3) speaker’s estimation of the level of assurance (persuasiveness) of the subject matter of the utterance from the perspective of the future; 4) communicative function of the utterance defined by the purpose of the speaker from the perspective of the future (wish, intention, preference); 5) confirmation/negation of objective relations between objects, phenomena, events of the future.
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Davis, Steven. "Playing Poker." International Review of Pragmatics 2, no. 1 (2010): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187731010x491756.
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AbstractSome researchers claim that utterances of sentences like "Claire has the three of clubs", shift their truth-values across situations of utterance. I examine one theory, Eros Corazza's, supplemented with the work of Barwise and Perry on situation semantics, to account for this supposed shift in truth-value. I argue that this account is inadequate. I then reconsider the example involving Claire and show that, when it is properly described, it does not support the claim that there is a change in its truth-value across different situations of utterance. Finally, I shall suggest that my re-description of the Claire example can be extended to other allegedly context-sensitive examples in the literature, the re-description of which calls into question the support that they are supposed to offer to contextualist semantic theories.
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Chen, Wei. "Ellipsis and Cognitive Semantics." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 11 (November 1, 2016): 2134. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0611.10.
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Ellipsis and cognitive linguistics are closely related to each other, which have been accepted by many linguists. Ellipsis has been described as the omission of some words which have been repeated for many times in the same context. In a broad sense, ellipsis is prevalent in human language. Theories of ellipsis have evolved not only across disciplinary boundaries but also through time. This paper is mainly about the universality of ellipsis among different sentence constructions and the detailed process of ellipsis cognition. From a historical point of view, the popularity of ellipsis comes from the so-called historical turn to simplicity. This paper discusses different constructions of ellipsis by analyzing prominence theory. Although typical examples of ellipsis have been analyzed by the processes of prominence theory, the purpose of this paper is to analyze each individual ellipsis case from the perspective of cognitive linguistics.
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Burnett, Heather. "A Persona-based Semantics for Slurs." Grazer Philosophische Studien 97, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): 31–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-09701004.
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This paper presents a new style of semantic analysis for (some) slurs: linguistic expressions used to denigrate individuals based on some aspects of their identity. As an illustration, the author will focus on one slur in particular: dyke, which is generally considered to be a derogatory term for lesbians. The author argues that not enough attention in the literature has been paid to the use of dyke by members of the target group, who can often use it in a non-insulting manner; secondly, the author argues not enough attention has been paid to the use of the “neutral” form, lesbian, which is generally treated as having a simple, clear meaning, such as “engage[s] in same-sex sex” (Jeshion, 2013a, 312). Following McConnell-Ginet (2002), the author argues that taking into account all the uses of both dyke and lesbian requires a new semantics and pragmatics for both terms. More specifically, the author proposes that dyke and lesbian are associated with different sets of personae: abstract identities or stereotypes. Dyke is associated with an anti-mainstream persona, which the vast majority of speakers views negatively; whereas, lesbian is associated with a mainstream persona, which many speakers view favourably. The author proposes that the semantic puzzles associated with dyke and lesbian can be resolved through the combination of a theory of these personae and a theory of how listeners’ beliefs about their interlocutors’ ideologies affect utterance interpretation.
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White, Hayden, Reinhart Koselleck, and Keith Tribe. "Futures Past: On the Semantics of Historical Times." American Historical Review 92, no. 5 (December 1987): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1868491.
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Carr, David, Reinhart Koselleck, and Keith Tribe. "Futures Past: On the Semantics of Historical Time." History and Theory 26, no. 2 (May 1987): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2505122.
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Schauz, Désirée. "What is Basic Research? Insights from Historical Semantics." Minerva 52, no. 3 (June 24, 2014): 273–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11024-014-9255-0.
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Zeleňák, Eugen. "Semantics of Historical Representation in Terms of Aspects." Journal of the Philosophy of History 7, no. 2 (2013): 244–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18722636-12341252.
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Abstract In his latest book, Frank Ankersmit proposes an original theory of historical representation. In this review I focus on what I take to be his most important semantic points with respect to representation, meaning, truth, and reference. First, I provide a short summary of the book. Second, I explore his semantics in terms of aspects and compare it with a different account inspired by the Fregean notion of mode of presentation. As my examination shows, Ankersmit’s analysis faces the problem of “loosing indirectness” and, moreover, there seems to exist an alternative and plausible view that does not suffer from this problem. Finally, I conclude with a couple of comments on the Copernican Revolution advocated in the book.