Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Historical societies'

This study is a social history of Canadian Mennonite women's societies in the two largest Russian Mennonite denominations in Canada--the Conference of Mennonites in Canada (CMC) and the Mennonite Brethren (MB). Using archival materials and information generated by the author's survey, the thesis traces the growth and decline of Mennonite women's societies in Canada within CMC and MB churches established during the three periods of Russian immigration to Canada. Set within the historical context of the role of Mennonite women from the time of Anabaptism in the Netherlands, and through subsequent migrations to Prussia and Russia, it explores the development of Mennonite women's societies in Canada in the light of the changing role of Mennonite women both in the church and in society. It suggests that, in the early years, Mennonite women's societies gave Mennonite women an opportunity to serve God and fully participate in worship at a time when their roles were restricted in the church. In later years, interest in Mennonite women's societies declined. This thesis argues that Mennonite women's societies became a context for women's service to God. Motivated by the call of God through the biblical text, it was here that they organized for the support of missions as they raised money in their own creative ways. It was a context as well for fellowship and mutual support as women. For Mennonite women, their societies were also an avenue for spiritual growth. In their regular meetings they developed a worship ritual that was so strikingly similar to the components of the Sunday morning worship service in the church that we could say Mennonite women's societies functioned as a parallel church for Mennonite women. The decline of Mennonite women's societies occurred along with other trends in the church and society. Women were gradually being included within the official church structure. First they were granted the vote at church business meetings. Then their role was enlarged and they were able to take positions on church boards and committees. Not only were women becoming more involved in the church, they were also becoming more integrated into Canadian society. The women's movement did not leave Mennonite women untouched. From the late 1960s, they began to pursue higher education and employment outside the home. Concurrent with the changes in women's roles in church and society came a self-questioning of the usefulness of Mennonite women's societies as interest in membership was declining.

This thesis examines the historical geography of Scottish natural history societies active during the period 1831-1900. It argues that the work of the societies described and constituted an important set of relations between science and Scottish civil society that has not been investigated hitherto. The institutional practices of natural history, including fieldwork and display, involved encounters between scientific and cultural expectations which were played out in relation to different audiences and in a variety of sites and spaces. A central concern of Scottish associational naturalists was to transpose science into the language of civic pride and progress. At the same time, members of these societies were anxious to maintain epistemic credibility in relation to a scientific culture itself in flux. The task of appealing both to a local public and to a scientific constituency took different forms in different civic and scientific contexts. The thesis attempts to detail this historical geography with reference to the societies' activities of display, fieldwork, publishing and collective scientific endeavour. The work is based on assessment of primary sources, published and unpublished, and a variety of secondary material. The thesis is organised to reflect the features central to the past geographies of Scottish natural history as associational civic science. The first substantive section (Section II, Chapters 2-5) analyses the efforts of society members to persuade local publics of the relevance and the benefits of associational natural history. Fieldwork involved a series of situated negotiations and affiliations between the language and practices of leisure, aesthetic taste, moral improvement and science. Through public events and built spaces natural history was promoted as an expression of civic culture and as a set of practices capable of transforming urban society. At an individual level, supporters of civic science championed an image of the naturalist as public servant and votary of nature, an image that linked scientific conduct to civic identity. The second substantive section (Section III, Chapters 6-7) examines the influence of the meaning and methods of later-nineteenth-century science on the organisation and activities of Scottish natural history societies. Initiatives to standardise the work of local scientific societies are considered alongside the efforts of individual members to secure a scientific reputation. In addition, the changing relations between the research activities of the societies and the emergence and consolidation of scientific disciplines are investigated alongside the maintenance of an inter-disciplinary ethos. In Chapter 7, engagement with evolutionary ideas is examined, uncovering the ways in which Darwinism was deployed to reinforce, and also to modify, an inductivist view of science and to argue for the continuing relevance of associational natural history to local civil society. In conclusion, the thesis reveals the historical geography of nineteenth-century Scottish natural history to be a dynamic narrative of intellectual and institutional activity conducted in different social and scientific spaces, and it suggests that these practices of local science were an important constituent of civic society and, in part, of national natural knowledge in nineteenth-century Scotland.

This thesis is a contribution to the anthropology of performance, and an attempt to further studies of identity formation and maintenance, through exploring the imagined and intentional communities of reenactors in Scotland. Through the production and consumption of clothing, tools, food, music, and bodily practices such as dance or combat, reenactors evoke earlier historical periods. Because almost any belief or lifestyle can be ‘situated’ in the past, it both forms a vast reservoir of materials for construction of identity, and a means of validation and confirmation. I argue that the ability to evoke ancestors is an important in 21^st century Western societies as it is has been in other cultures and earlier periods. Ownership of the past is hotly contested, and historical reenactors are in the thick of this battle, ‘playing’ the past in order to say something serious about the present. While the deep mine of ‘histories’ provides a seemingly inexhaustible resource for creating meaning, the value of this resource adds to its volatility, and to struggles among reenactors themselves over what I will term ‘the holy grail of authenticity’, contrasting this to the notion of ‘nostalgia’. The research spotlights both public and private performances, as well as the full ‘performance sequence’ - training, workshops, rehearsals, on-stage ‘shows’ and off-stage ‘cool-down’. It is in these ‘backstage’ encounters among group members that reenactors are created, beliefs are expounded and practices passed on. Here the cultural world is constructed and its laws and internal logic - its habitus - emerges. Motivations range from the serious, often nationalist, ‘politics of the past’, contesting interpretations of history, to the ludic: “Let us Play”. Private performances can resemble ritual practices, and the embodiment of the past often creates a sensory experience whose metamessage is “Let us believe”. History was long the preserve of the powerful, but a democratisation of access to this resource has allowed new ways of creating meaning and identity.

The thesis draws on official statistics to examine comparative historical developments in the humanization of work in manufacturing industry, engaging with vital debates on societal distinctiveness. The empirical analysis spans the manufacturing sectors of eleven of the leading industrialised nations over the period 1960-95. This substantive core of the thesis is informed by an examination of research method in the field of employment relations. Initial assessment of the availability and construct validity to aggregate statistical indicators of the humanization of work results in consideration of three phenomena; the rate of incidence of fatal injuries, average annual hours actually worked, and the relative extent of managerial hierarchy. Detailed assessment of the conceptual basis of the available statistics then follows, with the aim of obtaining historically consistent and cross-nationally comparable data on these aspects of work humanization. Although dependable data on fatalities and hours are derived, the limits of the aggregate indicator of managerial hierarchy are ultimately stressed. The comparative historical patterns in the data are then examined for evidence of cross-national convergence in experiences of work humanization. With little indication of any historic convergence apparent the analysis turns to consider the forces which may shape distinctive societal experiences. Quantitative gauges of the shape of the broad political economy are assembled, with a particular attention focused on the quantitative characterisation of the power resources of employees, whether collective or individual. The meaning of these necessarily crude indicators is given extensive consideration. The thesis culminates in separate panel econometric investigations of the political economic characteristics associated with comparative fatal injury incidence and actual annual hours of work. Substantial evidence is presented that the humanization of work is associated with an attenuation of the vulnerability of employees to managerial prerogative.

The research conducted explored the dynamics of the historical water-management system that was in use at Engaruka, Tanzania, between the 15th to 18th centuries CE, the aim being to model the primary human and environmental factors and their interactions, and to assess how these influenced the development of the system at several spatial and temporal scales. The ABMs developed in this research represent first steps in the integration of archaeological evidence with ABM techniques in order to understand the Engaruka site. This research shows how the integration of data from different sources and disciplines can help in our understanding of how the system could have developed by integrating a multitude of factors and showing how these interactions influenced the development of the system.

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of South Florida Haitian migrant radio with regard to its listeners' relations across national borders. The content of several commercials and announcements was analyzed. Different actors--especially broadcasters and Haiti's state and government officials--were found to use the medium to carry out at least one of the following instrumental processes: linking listeners across borders, deterritorialized nation-state building, transnational migrants' politics in the "host" country, and deterritorialization of the "local." The findings demonstrated that South Florida Haitian migrant radio operates in transnational social fields. It is recommended that researchers take a transnational approach to migrant media.

The presence of NGOs and development agencies is often considered an apolitical phenomenon, and that the very presence of NGOs within a country is a symbol of a global humanity in action; in short, NGOs equal charity which equals good work. Unfortunately, the reality is often much more complicated as NGOs can also be found to be self-serving, anti-democratic and strictly in pursuit of their next funding source. In this thesis I advance the central hypothesis that the international community’s continued pursuit of an NGO-led neoliberal economic development model has systematically failed to contribute to the sustainable development of Haiti because they pursue the wrongs means of achieving poverty alleviation goals. Throughout its history, Haiti has continuously been caught between the aspirations of its people and the legacy of foreign interventions. The recent trend of implementing neoliberal development goals and strategies, supported and executed by NGOs, has focused on the promotion of economic growth as a means to eradicate poverty. However, this strategy is an ineffective method at producing positive changes in well-being, the economy, or the environment (Edmonds, 2010; Shamsie, 2012). I argue that the relationship between NGOs and their donors continuously undermines the Haitian’s right to self-sufficiency that would lead to self-determination and enable the Haitian people to control their own destiny. A new approach for addressing extreme poverty in Haiti must be rooted in a different set of values and beliefs; a different outlook that puts morality, humanity, equality and the environment at the forefront. A new development path that is not based on a growth economy but focused on human well-being and environmental conservation. NGOs will need to enact increasingly participatory and transparent practices that allows for a development path that can regulated and determined by the Haitians themselves.

This paper explores how archaeology can study the relationships between complex multidimensional societies in critical periods of their development through an analysis of the multiple variables, circumstances and contingencies that define social interactions. By focusing on the archaeological record of San José de Moro, an important funerary and ceremonial center in the Jequetepeque valley, the authors approach the multifaceted natures and purposes behind the relationships between the Moche States of northern coastal Peru and the southern Andean Wari during the end of the Early Intermediate Period and the Middle Horizon.
El presente artículo explora cómo la arqueología puede estudiar las relaciones entre sociedades complejas durante periodos críticos de su desarrollo, a través del análisis de las múltiples variables, circunstancias y contingencias que definen las interacciones sociales. Mediante el estudio de los contextos y objetos provenientes de San José de Moro, un importante centro funerario y ceremonial en el valle del Jequetepeque, los autores abordan las naturalezas y propósitos que se traslapan detrás de las relaciones entre los Estados mochica del norte del Perú y la sociedad wari de la sierra sur, durante el Periodo Intermedio Temprano y el Horizonte Medio.

This historical study chronicled events of the development and implementation of the Paris Small Business Development Center at Paris Junior College in Paris, Texas from 1986-2006. Data was collected from primary and secondary sources and oral histories through personal interviews. The analysis included a brief history of higher education and the service mission and situated the study in the broader context as an extension program in higher education. This study provided a brief history of the U.S. Small Business Administration and America’s Small Business Development Center Network as a background for the study. This study is significant to scholars in the field of higher education for a number of reasons. It provides a historical analysis of a service program that extends the college to the community and demonstrates higher education and its role in economic development. It adds to the current body of research by advancing an understanding of a past to contemporary knowledge. Finally, by integrating historical perspectives from multiple disciplines in higher education, what happened and the context in which it happened can be more fully appreciated. This study also contributes to practical knowledge as it deepens the understanding of significant events and processes that contributed to the success of an outreach program in higher education.

This dissertation is the first study devoted solely to the history of an orchestral tradition in Christchurch. Within a timeframe stretching from the beginning of the local settlement to the establishment of the first “national” orchestra in 1939, it provides detailed portrayals of all facets of amateur and professional orchestral activity. This includes the histories of all orchestral bodies, their membership, a chronology of concerts, repertoire, programme structure and critical reception. This dissertation explains the advance of orchestral tradition that is at times tentative and at times bold, until it is securely entrenched as a mainstream musical activity in Christchurch. A preliminary narration, which begins in 1857, ends in 1906 with the International Exhibition. This is then discussed as a landmark event for orchestral music in Christchurch. A series of case studies for the period of 1908 to 1939, covers each of the five major orchestral groups that flourished in this period. The case studies also include the footprints of development, the “incidental” music performed by the cinema orchestras, and the “studio only” performances of many broadcasting groups. The role played by minor orchestral groups as an “alternative” music culture is included, along with the impact of orchestras associated with visiting opera companies. The final section is a detailed analysis of the repertoire and programme construction, and a discussion of the people who played an influential role in the development of an orchestral tradition. Numerous tables and illustrations are provided. A number of appendices are also attached: a chronology of orchestral concerts in Christchurch; some significant orchestra personnel lists; an extensive set of source readings discussing the formation of a permanent orchestra; a chronology of orchestral activity for a selection of Christchurch musicians; a timeline of visiting opera companies, and a selection of concert programmes.

Dresden's historic reconstructions bring up questions that reach far beyond the city's new/old Neumarkt district. In this thesis, I would like to take a closer look at the current ideological discourse surrounding the reconstruction of destroyed historic buildings in Dresden and other cities in the former DDR. What seems at first to be a simple culture war between progressive and reactionary city planners is actually, I will argue, a unique historical moment that blurs the dogmatically held ideas of rationality and nostalgia, ornament and function, and high art and kitsch. From the uncanny shadow of a church recently raised from the dead, I will explore the aesthetic and ethical ramifications of the technologically reproduced building.

The study theorizes that a nation-state can manifest a condition similar to that of personality commonly associated with humans. Through the identification of consistent behaviors, a personality like condition is recognizable, and the underlining motivations dictate national policy independent of any current social/political influence. The research examines Russia during two historical periods examining the conflict events and social/political transitions of the period, to identify common behavioral characteristics, which indicate the existence of any independent personality like trait. The study focuses on two historical periods: the Monarch Period of Peter I (The Great), and the Post-Soviet Union period of Vladimir Putin, periods selected as historical eras in which Russia experienced major political or social transition. Using a comparative qualitative historical analysis with a behaviorist focus, the research examines these periods by profiling each era’s elements of society and the events of domestic and international conflict that Russia experienced, while evaluating the actions taken in response to each. The research discovers that Russia exhibits personality like traits, similar to those associated with humans and are likewise developed from experience, and once imbedded into Russian psychology, regardless of the current social/political elements or situational conditions, remain prime motivators to Russian behavior. The personality like characteristic identified was similar to inferiority, which leads to behavior characteristics comparable to narcissism, as the definition of narcissism relates to the need for admiration and or acceptance. The study identified the origins of the inferiority like complex and the narcissistic like behavior pattern exhibited by Russia in both periods.

Acculturation research has gained interest due to the increasing levels of immigration to the United States. The population of interest for this study was the Latino immigrant population in the United States, as they represent the largest and fastest growing minority in the country. One challenge Latino immigrants can face during the acculturation process is a phenomenon described as nonreciprocal language. This phenomenon is present when first generation parents speak in their native language of Spanish and their children, who are second-generation immigrants, speak in the host culture language of English. The purpose of this study was to focus on the role of nonreciprocal language in the mother-child relationship between first generation Latino immigrant mothers and their second-generation children. A qualitative, ethnographic study was used to investigate 10 participants, including first generation Latino immigrant mothers and their second-generation children in Charlotte, North Carolina. Findings from this content analysis study include mothers' and children's experiences with nonreciprocal language and their acculturation categories, which led to recommendations for new strategies for ESL education and the need to develop programs to help parents raise bilingual children. This information can benefit advocates, policymakers, and other stakeholders involved in programs that are focused on helping children be more proficient in their parents' language or helping parents become more proficient in English. Information from this study can also allow immigrant parents to make informed decisions about their language use and the possible impact on their relationships.

Orientador: Maria Angela Miorim
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: Nosso trabalho sobre o movimento que criou a Sociedade Brasileira de Educação Matemática (SBEM) está centrado no período que vai de 1985 a 1988, anos correspondentes à realização da VI Conferência Interamericana de Educação Matemática (CIAEM), em Guadalajara no México, e à fundação oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Educação Matemática, na cidade de Maringá-PR. Ao ano de 1987 será dado especial destaque. Durante o Encontro Nacional de Educação Matemática (ENEM) na cidade de São Paulo, os participantes desse movimento decidiram empreender esforços, tendo em vista a criação de uma Sociedade que congregasse os educadores matemáticos brasileiros, sendo estabelecido o prazo de um ano para a construção coletiva de seus estatutos. Esse processo foi de uma riqueza ímpar: cerca de 1200 pessoas foram mobilizadas em seis grandes reuniões nacionais e cerca de sessenta reuniões regionais em um movimento nacional centralizado por uma Coordenação e descentralizado na base. O presente trabalho defende a Tese de que o movimento que criou a SBEM foi um movimento de caráter eminentemente democrático. Este movimento é caracterizado nesta obra contextualizado na história, mas se demarcando da concepção evolucionista como um desenrolar de fatos hierarquizados cronologicamente. Focamos a constituição de uma Comissão Central, que se estabeleceu no primeiro ENEM, realizado na PUC de São Paulo em fevereiro de 1987, como o marco fundamental deste movimento. Comprometidos com concepções teórico-metodológicas do Materialismo Histórico Dialético, o marxismo da maturidade de Marx, procuramos relacionar o movimento aqui exposto com o contexto histórico em que foi gerado, onde o ¿passado¿ ocupa sua devida importância como ¿presente rearticulado¿. XXVII No entanto, propomos como categoria central de análise um conceito de democracia não usual, distinto de seu sentido hegemônico: democracia, nesta Tese, tem sentido de trégua, de convivência com posições distintas, não como valor ideológico melhorativo, como harmonia, senão como resultado de impossibilidade, como resultante da luta de classes
Abstract: Our work about the movement which created the Brazilian Society of Mathematics Education (SBEM) is centered in the period that ranges from 1985 to 1988. This period of time corresponds to the accomplishment of the VI Interamerican Conference of Mathematics Education, in Guadalajara, Mexico and to the official foundation of the Brazilian Society of Mathematics Education in Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. In 1987 it was given especial highlight. During the National Meeting of Mathematics Education (ENEM) in São Paulo city, the participants of this movement decided to work hard in order to create a Society which congregated the Brazilian Mathematics teachers, and a term of one year for the collective creation of its statutes. This process was of unique importance: about 1200 people were mobilized in six large national meetings and approximately 60 regional meetings, in a national movement centered by a Coordination and historical context in which it was generated, where the ¿past¿ takes its real importance as ¿rearticulated present¿. However, we propose a concept of unusual democracy as central category, distinct from its hegemonical sense: democracy in this thesis, has the meaning of truce, of sociability, in distinct positions, not as an ideological improving a value, as harmony, but as a result of classes fight
Doutorado
Educação Matematica
Doutor em Educação

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Este trabalho investiga a trajetória histórica das Sociedades Portuguesas de Beneficência, entre os anos de 1854 e 1910, nas cidades de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande, Pelotas e Bagé, situadas no extremo sul do Brasil, sua importância como estabelecimentos de assistência hospitalar criados por imigrantes portugueses a partir do modelo institucional da Misericórdia em Portugal, e como construtoras de uma identidade lusa. A pesquisa abordou as relações existentes entre a assistência desempenhada pelas Instituições e a formação de elites locais, evidenciando como o trabalho assistencial, através de funções de “solidariedade”, troca de presentes com instituições e entidades, foi favorecedor de visibilidade social. Dentro de uma interpretação dualista da caridade, ora guiada pelos princípios da fé cristã, representação do ideário da Igreja Católica, ora pelas relações de poder, esta investigação mostrou a representação nas Sociedades de Beneficência como suportes de grupos desejosos de auto-afirmação. Nesse sentido, uti
This paper investigates the historical trajetory of the Portuguese Beneficent Societies, from 1854 to 1910, in the cities of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande, Pelotas and Bagé. It discusses their importance as entablishments of hospital assistance crated by Portuguese immigrants, based on the institucional model of Mercy in Portugal, as well as constructors of Portugueses identify. The research approaches the existent relationships between the assistance provided by the institutions and formation of the local upper-class. It evidences how the assistance work, through solidary functions, gift exchanges among institutions and entities, were ptomoters of the social visibility. With a dualist comprehension of charity, sometimes guided by the Christian faith, representing the Catholic concepts, sometimes guided by the power relations, this investigations tried to clarify the Benefit´s Societies representations as groups of support willing for self-approval. Comparision was the methodological perspective to specify simila

History
M.A.
Historic house museums are the focus of an ideological tension between preservation and interpretation within the public history community. At a time where many house museums are failing, preservationists advocate for solutions to the house museum dilemma focused on saving the building. Historians and other museum professionals point to the importance of the value of the collections, memories, and documents preserved within the house as critical tools for understanding and teaching American history. Of specific focus in this thesis is the role gender influence played in the formation of historic house museums and how an examination of its continuing effect on agency within heritage sites creates access points for cutting-edge public history and interpretation. This is done through a case study of the history of the Jacobsburg Historical Society's Boulton Historic Site in Nazareth, Pennsylvania. The site was the location of the Boulton Gun Works, built in 1812 by the Henry family, manufacturers of the Pennsylvania Longrifle and key members of the early industrial community of Jacobsburg, located just north of the Moravian community of Nazareth.
Temple University--Theses

This is a study of the intersection between art historical theory and practice, and cultural heritage, where the revivals and mediations of the neoclassical Gustavian style have been used as a platform for further exploration. In relation to this, the use and changing meanings of the concepts authenticity and style have been examined. The research has a historiographical and multidisciplinary character, drawing on the fields of art history, critical heritage studies and design history. The study shows how the Gustavian style has been routinely used when Swedish culture has been staged, nationally and internationally, but also when shaping ideas of the ideal home and good taste. The focus is placed on three periods – the 1890s, the 1930s-40s and the 1990s – during which the Gustavian style was defined, revived and mediated in different modes of representation such as textbooks, exhibitions, period furniture and historically informed performances. In the study we meet the actors, human and non-human, that have contributed to the resilient position of the Gustavian style in the public consciousness and in a commercial context. The Gustavian style, perhaps like no other, has been systematically embraced by the official heritage institutions in Sweden, including the academic discipline of art history, which has been an important influence on the way the past has been presented, valued, categorised, preserved and re-used. The author argues that the style has been able to maintain its relevance due to its ability to embody many different prevailing aspects across the 20th century, for example tradition and modernity, nationalism and internationalism, but also the past, present and visions of retro-utopia.

The Composers' Collective, founded by leftist composers in 1932 New York City, sought to create proletarian music that avoided the "bourgeois" traditions of the past and functioned as a vehicle to engage Americans in political dialogue. The Collective aimed to understand how the modern composer became isolated from his public, and discussions on the relationship between music and society pervade the radical writings of Marc Blitzstein, Charles Seeger, and Elie Siegmeister, three of the organization's most vocal members. This new proletarian music juxtaposed revolutionary text with avant-garde musical idioms that were incorporated in increasingly greater quantities; thus, composers progressively acclimated the listener to the dissonance of modern music, a distinctive sound that the Collective hoped would become associated with revolutionary ideals. The mass songs of the two Workers' Song Books published by the Collective, illustrate the transitional phase of the musical implementation of their ideology. In contrast, a case study of the song "Chinaman! Laundryman!" by Ruth Crawford Seeger, a fringe member of the Collective, suggests that this song belongs within the final stage of proletarian music, where the text and highly modernist music seamlessly interact to create what Charles Seeger called an "art-product of the highest type."

Among Urdu’s many verb+verb constructions, this thesis focuses on those constructions, which combine the stem of a main content verb with another inflected verb which is used in a semantically bleached sense. Prior work on these constructions has been focused on their structural make-up and syntactic behavior in various environments. While there is consensus among scholars (Butt 1995, Hook 1977, Carnikova 1989, Porizka 2000 et al.) that these stem+verb constructions encode aspectual information, to date no clear theory has been put forward to explain the nature of their aspectual contribution. In short, we do not have a clear idea why these constructions are used instead of simple verbs. This work is an attempt to understand the precise function of these constructions. I propose that simple verbs (henceforth SV) in Urdu deal only with the action of the verb whereas (regardless of the semantic information contributed by the second inflected verb,1) the stem+verb constructions essentially deal with the action of the verb as well as the state of affairs resulting from this action. The event represented by these constructions is essentially a telic event as defined by Comrie (1976), whose resultant state is highlighted from the use of these constructions. The attention of the listener is then shifted to the result of this telic event, whose salience in the discourse is responsible for various interpretations of the event; hence my term ‘resultive construction’ (henceforth RC). When these constructions are made using the four special verbs (rah ‘stay’, sak ‘can’, paa ‘manage’ and cuk ‘finish’), the product is not resultive. Each of these verbs behaves differently and is somewhere between a resultive and an auxiliary verb construction. This work can be extended to other verb-verb construction in Urdu and other related and non-related languages as well. The analysis of the precise function of the RCs can also help in developing a model for them in various functional grammars. The proposed properties of RCs can be utilized in the semantic analysis of the Urdu quantifiers. This work should aid in identification and explanation of constructions in other languages, particularly those that are non-negatable under normal contexts. [1] All second inflected verbs with the exception of four special verbs rah ‘stay’, sak ‘can’, paa ‘manage’ and cuk ‘finish’. These four special verbs are either auxiliaries or modals as identified in prior literature.

This thesis shows the build-up of a society in the golden days of the welfare state of Sweden. Stråssa, a small society built up around one big employer – the mine, owned by the Grängesbergsbolaget – is used as a case-study, put in the larger perspective of the welfare state and its values. The mine was re-opened in 1959 and the research period is 1949-1965. This research has three layers, (1) the welfare state (2) the municipality and the company and (3) the citizens.  The research shows how the foundry spirit lives longer than expected in the welfare state during a period when the municipality has gotten great responsibilities by the state. Here the municipality and the citizens still have expectations on the big employer of the area to finance the build-up, both regarding the housing- and the leisure time-questions, responsibilities that were put on the municipalities under this era.

This thesis aims to explore selected works of Beatriz Colomina, a revisionist architectural historian who has made influential studies on visuality, domesticity, media and gender, and their reflections in the architectural world. Colomina is a distinguished architectural historian since she places a new lens on a period when architecture ceased to be only for the elite and media has gradually penetrated into everyone&rsquo
s life in order to understand how architecture became accessible to the public through media and how this has affected the perception of modern architecture. This new lens entailed not only the inseparability of media and architecture but also how war and domesticity featured in this relationship. Against this background, this study attempts to investigate the innovative approach of Beatriz Colomina by comparing and contrasting her two prominent books: Privacy and Publicity: Modern Architecture as Mass Media (1994) and Domesticity at War (2007). The former introduces us to the relationship between architecture and media, whereas the latter exemplifies this relationship by focusing on the cold war period as a time where media became an integral part of the domestic environment. This study aims to extract Colomina&rsquo
s contribution to architectural history by first disentangling and analysing and then merging these two books under common themes. In doing so, it seeks to answer the following questions: What is the role of archives in Colomina&rsquo
s methodology in writing these two books? What is the relationship between the document and the historian that emerges from this methodology? What common themes can be extracted from these two books as an analytical framework in order to better understand and study Colomina&rsquo
s approach? What differentiates her as a historian from other historians of modern architecture, specifically from Siegfried Giedion and Kenneth Frampton? What messages does Colomina give her reader through the form as well as the content of her books? What is her contribution to architectural historiography?

Dans le domaine des conquêtes obtenues par les femmes, la Révolution Cubaine depuis 1960, réalise des progrès remarquables. La Fédération des Femmes Cubaines (FMC), fondée en 1960, jouera un rôle essentiel en faveur de l’émancipation féminine, de l’insertion des femmes cubaines dans le monde du travail et de leur participation active à la construction de la nouvelle société socialiste. Cependant, ces progrès obtenus dans le cadre d’un processus idéologique et d’une volonté gouvernementale d’une participation forte des Cubaines dans la construction de la nouvelle société socialiste, cohabitent et se heurtent encore à des croyances propres à une culture machiste et patriarcale, laquelle aujourd'hui, à côté de la crise économique et des changements actuels que connaît le contexte cubain, montrent que la construction de la «nouvelle femme» n’est pas tout à fait aboutie et risque même de menacer les victoires obtenues par les Cubaines au sein de la société et en matière d’égalité des droits. L'analyse de la situation des Cubaines au XXIe siècle, leur rôle dans la construction « d’une société plus ouverte sur le monde » et la création de « nouvelles façons de penser le quotidien cubain » dans la lutte en faveur de l'équité du genre, nous permettra d’étudier les nouveaux défis sociétaux auxquels elles se sont confrontées et les solutions envisagées pour les résoudre
From the first years of the Cuban Revolution, the respect and the defense of the women's rights constituted a priority for the Cuban authorities. The Federation of Cuban Women (FMC), founded in 1960, will play an essential role in the feminine emancipation, the insertion of the Cuban women in the working world and their active participation in the construction of the new socialist society. Nevertheless, serious challenges remain that render the progress made fragile and liable to setbacks. The analysis of the situation of the Cuban Women of the 21st century, her role in the creation of a “society more opened for the world” and in the conception of “new ways of thinking the daily cuban life”, it will allow us to understand the new societal challenges that this arduous mission imposes them
Desde los primeros años de la Revolución Cubana, el respeto y la defensa de los derechos de la mujer constituyeron una prioridad para las autoridades cubanas. La Federación de Mujeres Cubanas (FMC), fundada en 1960, desempeñará un rol esencial a favor de la emancipación femenina, de la inserción de las cubanas en el mundo laboral y de su participación activa en la construcción de la nueva sociedad socialista. Sin embargo, después de una larga trayectoria de lucha en la que han conocido avances y retrocesos, las cubanas de hoy se enfrentan a una realidad plagada de preceptos, normas y comportamientos dictados por una cultura patriarcal que perdura y se manifiesta cada día más en la cotidianidad cubana. La misma, junto a la crisis económica y las transformaciones actuales por las que atraviesa el contexto cubano, hacen que la construcción de “la nueva mujer” continúe siendo una tarea pendiente para la Revolución. El análisis de la situación de las cubanas del siglo XXI, de su rol en la creación de una “sociedad más abierta al mundo” y en la formación de “nuevas formas de pensar la vida cotidiana cubana”, nos permitirá comprender los nuevos desafíos societales que esta ardua tarea les impone

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Este trabalho analisa a história recente do grupo étnico Chiquitano da cidade de Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade no estado do Mato Grosso. Os índios Chiquitano que lá se encontram, residem num bairro periférico, situado à margem esquerda do rio Guaporé, que fica “do outro lado da ponte e da cidade”. Apesar deles circularem pelo ambiente citadino, é raro encontrá-los como membros efetivos da comunidade formal. Enfocamos o processo de busca e reafirmação da identidade, que se dá através da organização social recente e da (re)invenção da cultura. Para construírmos nossa narrativa, abordamos as relações estabelecidas por estes índios com os seus pares e com o seu entorno assim como os seus deslocamentos espaciais, detendo-nos nas questões sobre identidade, etnicidade, memória e cultura. Estes foram os conceitos analíticos chaves do nosso percurso. Acrescentando-se à eles noções relativas a respeito do território.
This work is the fruit of the analysis on the recent History of the ethnic group 'Chiquitano' from Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, in the Mato Grosso state. The 'Chiquitano' lives in a quite specific periferic neighbourhood, situated by the margins of the Guaporé river; “on the other side of the bridge and town”. Although they circulate through a urban environment, it is rare to find them as pertaining a formal community. We do focus on the searching for identity and its reaffirming character, which is led through recent social organization and cultural revivification.

This thesis in the History of Education studies the pedagogization of Swedish society from 1812–1828. These ambitions were promoted by state officials and educational innovators who we­re tightly knit through social networks. The research questions are: Why did these indi­vi­duals orga­nize themselves the way they did in the field of education? Which practices of external com­mun­ica­­tion and interaction within associations existed? Which impact did these practices of external communication and internal interaction have on the educational debate? Civic formation is analyzed through the activity or practices identified in the diffusion of useful knowledge, self-education, scho­ols, and educational policies. Arguments for civic formation, educational imperatives, are reflected in new words and new schools. The imperatives are in part an outcome of social networking studied through affiliations to associations, newspapers and governing boards. Hence, a great number of affiliations have been organized in a new and advanced web-based application. Papers and associations were important to in dissolving feudal society, and as key ingred­ients for the emancipation of the middle class, they gradually gained more in­fluence upon society. The educational reformers’ involvement in papers and societies were important for them coining new Swedish words with educational importance: it was an extern­al communicative practice. Involvement in associations is somewhat more internal and has been studied as leading to social interaction. This interaction is studied as social capital through social network analysis. This revealed focal points on the individual level which made a signi­fi­cant contribution to the educational debate. These were social networks sustained by the spi­rit of Enlightenment and emancipation. What has long been un­recog­ni­zed in the History of Edu­cation is presented as important features in this thesis through the analysis of social networks.

The aim of this thesis is to shed light upon the construction of identity within the Swedish- Canadian immigrant group during the first half of the 20th century. The most important sources of ethnic and nationalistic influences this study scrutinizes are the homeland Sweden, Swedish-America, Scandinavian-Canada and the Canadian host society. It also examines the interaction with other social identities, such as gender and religion. Theoretically, this dissertation takes its point of departure in Fredrik Barth’s assumptions on cultural boundaries and ethnic grouping, which emphasizes the meeting and confrontation with other groups as a trigger in the development of a new ethnic identity. The study is carried out on three partly interacting levels: the individual, the organizational and the official/ rhetorical level.

On the individual level, the first generation Swedes in Canada was probably as Swedish as they could be concerning identity, culture and social networks. But as it turned out, the shattered Swedish immigration, the vast and often hardly passable Canadian landscape, together with indirect help from the Canadian government, would prevent an extensive establishment of ethnic organizations. The surplus of single Swedish-Canadian men also affected the transference of Swedishness negatively in the change of generations.

The intense dialogue with Swedish America, mostly conducted through the Augustana Synod and the Vasa Order, contributed to a new sense of Swedishness. Both these Swedish- American organizations had “Diaspora ambitions” and they relatively soon established a certain cooperation with the pan-Swedish movement in Sweden. Women played an important social, economical as well practical role in both secular and religious organizational life. Many Swedish-Canadians congregations and organizations would have had no future, if not for the women’s commitment.

Swedish rhetoric on the official level was carried out by men, to men, in a male language and imaginary. In this context the term Swede thus became synonymous with Swedish man. Both outspoken desires from the Swedish homeland and its actual internal development were considered and reformulated in Swedish-Canadian rhetoric. When the nationalistic discourse changed in Sweden, the Swedish-Canadian rhetoric changed in the same direction. Swedes in Canada also responded to ethnic competition, especially from Norwegians, by trying to define how the two related groups differed. Of certain importance was the signals given from the host society. With a general suspicion of foreign elements together with a demand for assimilation, the Canadian government seems to have hastened the integration process of Swedish-Canadians.

Constituting a proposal for a book talk associated with the scholarly title Foreign-Born American Patriots: Sixteen Volunteer Leaders of the Revolutionary War, the presenter of this session (and author of the book) will introduce the scholarly work to participants for the purpose of highlighting research based in contribution, rather than interpretation. The author will detail the means by which the investigation of human experience and work product, storylines/patterns, and social cause may provide the context for creative scholarly works. The author will also reveal the unique contribution of Foreign Born American Patriots to historical and Southern Studies discourse, the book serving, up through the date of this proposal, as the only collective work regarding those foreigners who helped the newly formed United States defeat the British Army (many battles fought in the Southern States).

This dissertation investigates how Jewish women social scientists relationally established their gendered-racialized subjectivities and theories about race-gender-sexuality-class through their portrayals of black women’s sexuality and family structures in the African Diaspora: the U.S., Brazil, South Africa, Swaziland, and the U.K. The central women in this study: Ellen Hellmann, Ruth Landes, Hilda Kuper, and Ruth Glass, were part of the same “political generation,” born in 1908-1912, coming of age when Jews of European descent experienced an ambivalent and conditional assimilation into whiteness, a form of internal colonization. I demonstrate how each woman’s familial origin point in Europe, parental class and political orientations, were important factors influencing her later personal/professional networks and social science theorizing about women of color. However, other important factors included the national racial context, the political affiliations of her partners, her marital status and her transracial fieldwork experiences. One of the main problems my work addresses is how the internal colonization process in differing nations within the Jewish diaspora differently affected and positioned Jewish social scientists from divergent class and political affiliations. Gendering Aamir Mufti’s primarily male-oriented argument, I demonstrate how Jewish internal divergences serve as an example that highlights the lack of uniformity within any “identity” group, and the ways that minority groups, like Jews, use measures of “abnormal” gender and sexuality, to create internal exiled minorities in order to try to assimilate into the majority colonizing culture. My dissertation addresses three problems within previous studies of Jewish social scientists by creating a gendered analysis of the history of Jews in social science, an analysis of Jewish subjectivity within histories of women (who were Jewish) in social science, and a critique of the either-or assumption that Jewishness necessarily equated with a “radical” anti-racist approach or a “colonizing” stance toward black communities. The data collection followed a mixed methods approach, incorporating archival research, ethnographic object analysis, site visits in Brazil and South Africa, consultations with library, archive and museum professionals, and interviews with scholars connected to the core women in the study.

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The present research contributes for the reflection on the meaning "family" accumulated by Social Work, in its practical theoretician. For it, the specific objective is analyze the position that this occupies in bibliographical production, at the moment of Social Work appear as profession in Brazil, in 1930s, as from the modifications that affect the professional institutionalization process until current days. This initial period is studied consider the original material produced by firsts social workers that got BA degree by the School of Social Work of Sao Paulo, created in 1936. Its pioneering character in the birth and evolution of the Social Work is recognized by historical sources easiest access in Sao Paulo, make possible this research. They are included in the material range: end academic papers among others. The methodological procedure is based on the historical analysis based on these documents, being established connections between the collected data. The magazine Serviço Social & Sociedade is taken as source of national reference, published since 1979 and used by the professionals of expression of all the country, as part of the construction of our knowledge body. Some sources that establish a parallel between the constructed reality in Sao Paulo and in Rio de Janeiro at the moment of the creation of the first institutions of education are used, basing, mainly, our plan of analysis of the general content of the material from its identification and proximity in relation to "social projects" that had conformed the development of the profession. In this last aspect, we follow the orientation of the bibliographical production that it looked to constitute a common patrimony of reflection on the profession. We observe on the family subject adopted by the profession, the theoretical production was not significant in some periods, not meaning the disappearance of the practical one with such population. It is fact, that in the period of 1946 the 1964, has a gap in the theoretical production because military dictatorship is the intellectual priority for the social movements that look for a social democratic hegemonic project, leaving the family analyses in other plan. It can be said that the subject never was dealt with the way as it would have, mainly if to consider the permanence and the important place of the work with families in the practical professional since its origin until the present time
O presente trabalho vem contribuir para a reflexão sobre o significado do tema "família" acumulado pelo Serviço Social, em sua prática teórica. Para tanto, tem como objetivo específico examinar a posição que este ocupa na produção bibliográfica, tanto no momento do surgimento do Serviço Social como profissão no país, na década de 1930, como a partir das modificações que o afetam durante o processo de institucionalização profissional até os dias atuais. Esse período inicial é especialmente estudado, examinando-se de forma mais particular o material agenciado pelo primeiro núcleo formador de assistentes sociais, a Escola de Serviço Social de São Paulo, criada em 1936. Seu caráter reconhecidamente pioneiro no nascimento e evolução do Serviço Social, com abrangência nacional, bem como facilidade de meu acesso às fontes históricas em São Paulo, possibilitaram a pesquisa. Incluem-se no conjunto deste material: trabalhos acadêmicos ligados à formação no nível da graduação e pós-graduação, publicações de docentes e pesquisadores, entre outros. O procedimento metodológico baseia-se na análise histórica fundamentada nesses documentos, sendo estabelecidas conexões entre os dados recolhidos. É tomada ainda como fonte de referências de caráter nacional a revista Serviço Social & Sociedade, publicada sem interrupção desde 1979 e utilizada pelos profissionais de expressão de todo o país, como parte da construção do nosso corpo de conhecimentos. Algumas fontes que estabelecem um paralelo entre a realidade construída em São Paulo e no Rio de Janeiro no momento da criação das primeiras instituições de ensino são utilizadas, fundamentando, principalmente, nosso plano de análise do conteúdo geral do material a partir da sua identificação e proximidade em relação aos "projetos societários" que conformaram o desenvolvimento da profissão. Nesse último aspecto, seguimos a orientação da produção bibliográfica que procurou constituir um patrimônio comum de reflexão sobre a profissão. Observamos que sobre o assunto família na profissão, a produção teórica não foi significativa em alguns períodos, não significando o desaparecimento da prática com tal população. É fato, que no período de 1946 a 1964, há uma lacuna na produção teórica e que no período da ditadura militar também foi verificada prioridade intelectual para os movimentos sociais em busca de um projeto societário hegemônico democrático, deixando a discussão sobre a família num outro plano. Pode-se dizer que o tema nunca foi tratado da maneira como deveria, principalmente se considerarmos a permanência e o importante lugar do trabalho com famílias na prática profissional desde a sua origem até a atualidade

In an attempt to practice inclusive planning, this research project explores whether Broadway Avenue functions as an ethnic commercial strip and identifies social, physical, and economic components that contribute to the Latino neighborhood/ barrio. Using pilot studies Loukaitou-Sideris (2000), Loukaitou-Sideris (2002), Rojas (1993), Manzumdar et al. (2000), Main (2007), and Fernando (2007) as a foundation, this research uses a single case study in addition to several research methods: 42 random surveys, literature review and analysis, site observations/pictures, and land use survey. Various scholars write that barrios have unique physical, social, economic, and political attributes. A new aesthetic, art, symbols, type of businesses, music, community events, and vendors all add to social ambiance and physical design of the neighborhood (Rojas,1993). The findings reported in this case study highlight that the majority of the people who are present at any given time on Broadway Avenue are Latino immigrants from a lower socio-economic background. They visit Broadway’s Latino commercial strip from across Los Angeles County to shop, work, and for leisure purposes. Broadway Avenue is a festive, popular, spiritual, and political public space for many Latino immigrants. Many of the study participants are attracted to Broadway’s diversity, architecture, aesthetics, culturally themed stores and restaurants; showing that this Latino commercial strip possesses deep social, physical and economic significance. Contributions of this study include a detailed description about Broadway Avenue beyond the existing literature review. Survey results provide valuable information about what study participants would like to be preserved for Broadway’s future. This information provides user-driven recommendations for preservation and change on Broadway Avenue. Broadway Avenue between Second Street and Olympic Boulevard in downtown Los Angeles is the focused area of this thesis project to provide a qualitative description of the environment of a Latino commercial strip. This thesis provides recommendations to urban planners as they attempt to preserve cultural elements of Broadway’s Latino commercial strip.

‘La huella de Cesare Ripa en la pintura alegórica española del siglo XVIII’ tiene como objetivo principal analizar el lenguaje alegórico en la pintura española del siglo XVIII y evaluar si procede o no de la obra de Ripa. Queremos comprobar si, como dice E. Mâle, “Se le tiene siempre presente; se le nombra raramente, pero se le conoce de memoria”. En el plan de investigación llevado a cabo, nos hemos aproximado el personaje y su obra, así como al grado de penetración e impacto que la obra ‘Iconología’ tuvo como fuente iconográfica en los siglos XVII y XVIII. Hemos constatado, la existencia no solo de un número elevado de ediciones en la lengua italiana y las numerosas traducciones al francés, holandés, alemán o inglés. La fortuna crítica del libro contribuyó a que las propuestas de Ripa fueran una herramienta y una fuente literaria y visual de gran ayuda para los pintores a la hora de crear los programas iconográficos, y que se difundieron por toda Europa. Como han demostrado E., Mâle, Art religieux après le Concile de Trente, (1932): “en la biblioteca del colegio romano, es allí donde encontré un libro italiano, antiguamente celebre, pero hoy profundamente olvidado: la Iconología del caballero Cesare Ripa. […]”no tarde en apercibirme que, con el Ripa en la mano, podía explicar la mayor parte de las alegorías que adornan los palacios y las iglesias de Roma”. Llegando a decir: “que en el siglo XVII italiano resplandece de la gloria de Ripa”. O la investigadora Erna Mandoswsky, Ricerche intorno all’Iconologia di Cesare Ripa (1939). En la actualidad, su estudio ha seguido despertado gran interés en los investigadores de historia del arte en Italia y Francia. España no podía quedar al margen, y hemos visto como los tratadistas del siglo de oro español Francisco Pacheco y V. Carducho o pintores como Velázquez tuvieron en sus bibliotecas ediciones de Ripa. Sobre estas bases nos hemos planteado investigar lo que sucedió en la pintura española del siglo XVIII, y si a pesar de no existir una edición propia en español, el lenguaje alegórico procedía o no de la obra de Ripa, como en el resto de Europa. Partiendo de la propia obra de Ripa y su concepto de alegoría. Hemos buscado el origen de la implantación de la obra de Ripa, que nos ha conducido al seno de la Academia romana de San Lucas, fundada por Federico Zuccaro al que siguieron G. P. Bellori Le Vite de Pittori (Roma, 1672) y el príncipe de la Academia romana Carlo Maratta, que nos ha permitido sustentar que la obra de Ripa formaba parte de la cultura visual romana y detentaba toda su vigencia en la Europa del siglo XVII. Sin embargo, a mediados del s. XVIII, J. J. Winckelmann Versuch einer Allegorie (Dresde, 1766), introduce un debate sobre la nueva concepción de la alegoría, criticando a Ripa de obsoleto y oscuro. El alemán describe características en completa oposición a Ripa. Nuestro interés se ha centrado en analizar, cual fue el impacto teórico y visual que estas dos posiciones tuvieron sobre los pintores españoles teniendo en cuanta la movilidad y circulación constante de ideas y de los pintores que hace que se internacionalicen los modelos. En España, tiene especial relevancia el hecho de que, a lo largo del siglo XVIII, llegaron a la corte española entre otros L. Giordano, C. Giaquinto, GB. Tiepolo o A.R. Mengs, quienes trasladaron modelos visuales compositivos e iconográficos donde la obra de Ripa está presente, con las particularidades específicas de cada uno de ellos. En suma, esta doble vía, literaria y visual, ha sido la utilizada en nuestra exposición. La abundante información recabada la hemos organizado en bloques temáticos, que han cristalizado, el primero a las Academias como focos de creación del lenguaje alegórico al tiempo que, de formación; y por otro, un segundo y tercer bloque dedicados al análisis de su proyección en el campo religiosos como en el civil. El primero bloque ha requerido una inmersión en las Academias de Bellas artes españolas de Madrid, Valencia, Zaragoza y Barcelona y en sus museos, para rescatar toda la información documental, así como de las obras que cumplan criterios de alegoría. Lo hemos articulado en dos capítulos, uno al análisis de las Alegorías fundacionales de las academias españolas y otra a la formación académica de los alumnos. La búsqueda de Ripa en las imágenes alegorías fundacionales nos ha permitido desvelar aspectos destacados de la identidad de cada una de estas instituciones respecto a la diversidad geográfica y en función de sus promotores. En un segundo capítulo, hemos analizado el peso que el lenguaje alegórico tuvo en la formación de los alumnos. Un plan de estudios de tres o cuatro años en las Academia era ampliable a seis de pensionados en Roma. Este último periodo lo hemos estudiado a través de sus cuadernos de dibujo o taccuini, incluyendo el estudio alegórico de uno de los taccuino inédito hasta el momento de Domingo Álvarez Enciso. En el último año se contemplaba la posibilidad de crear sus propias obras. Sin embargo, no hemos encontrado ninguna obra propia de carácter alegórico. Esto implicaba una franca contradicción con el concepto que propugnaban pintores, como: Antonio Palomino, revindicando la Idea de la pintura. Antonio Rafael Mengs, donde la invención “ennoblece el arte de la pintura”, o Goya, “crear obras de su propia invención”, para los cuales la creación artística era el objetivo último de la pintura. Aunque resulte paradójico, nuestra investigación demuestra que el lenguaje alegórico quedaba fuera del alcance de los alumnos en las Academias, y resultaba privativo de los profesores que estaban en posesión de los ‘secretos’ del mismo. En el segundo bloque, dedicado a estudiar las alegorías en la pintura religiosa, destacando dos focos de mayor impacto: Valencia y Zaragoza. En la ciudad del Turia, la huella de Palomino no solo la hemos constatado en su discípulo D. Vidal, sino que ha persistido durante todo el siglo a través de la Escuela de Bellas Artes de San Carlos bajo la dirección de J. Vergara y por sus discípulos J. Llacer, J. Parreu, J. Pérez o L. A. Planes. Este último fue el autor de las alegorías de la Cartuja de Porta Coeli, cuyas imágenes, hasta ahora inéditas, nos las ha facilitado la comunidad cartuja. Respecto a Zaragoza, la figura de Francisco Bayeu se cierne sobre toda la producción alegórica de la Basílica del Pilar. Hemos de destacar el análisis de las alegorías que decoran la Cartuja de las Fuentes, en Seriñena (Huesca), que también hasta ahora habían permanecido inéditas, son otro ejemplo de literalidad a los modelos ‘ripianos’ y como en la valenciana, todas las figuras alegóricas portan filacterias. En todos los casos la pintura alegórica está al servicio de la Iglesia en su vertiente de adoctrinamiento. Por último, el tercer bloque temático, ha consistido en analizar la pintura alegórica civil. En este caso, la pintura alegórica se ha concentrado en Madrid y Barcelona. Madrid epicentro de la pintura cortesana. Hemos observado la imbricación entre la institución monárquica y la académica, ambas instituciones actuaban como vasos comunicantes bajo la tutela real. Los pintores europeos al servicio de la monarquía española: L. Giordano, G. Amigoni, C. Giaquinto, GB Tiepolo o A.R. Mengs, actuaron como fuentes visuales de aplicación de los códigos alegóricos de Ripa en sus decoraciones. En nuestro estudio la formulación de Winckelmann: claridad, simplicidad y legibilidad, no trasciende el campo alegórico de la practica pictórica en la figura de A. R. Mengs quien no se aleja de los códigos de Ripa. La diferencia radica en los conceptos de la antigüedad y de la belleza de la nueva estética neoclasicista. Esta mirada tuvo gran influencia en los pintores españoles como F. Bayeu o M.S. Maella, que formaban parte del tejido artístico y académico en torno a la monarquía, y continuaron manteniendo las temáticas introducidas por ellos y usando como referente la misma fuente. Los contenidos alegóricos en las grandes composiciones pictóricas que decoran los Palacios responden a la exaltación de la monarquía como vehículos propagandísticos de sus “virtudes”. Frente a la visualización del poder de la monarquía, el contrapunto lo encontramos en Barcelona que sigue la misma dinámica, en este caso homenajeando a sus comitentes: la nueva aristocracia y la burguesía emergente. Como sucedía con el resto de las Academias, fueron los profesores de la Escuela de Nobles Artes de Barcelona: Pedro Pablo Montaña, Mariano Illa y Tomás Solanes, quienes recibieron numerosos encargos, tanto de las instituciones como privados. Todos ellos tienen en común que usaron como fuente la ‘Iconología’ y en particular llama la atención el gusto en sus decoraciones alegóricas por los temas alegórico-mitológicos. Finalmente, en cuanto al uso de la fuente, hemos constatado el dialogo que se establece entre los textos y la pintura alegórica. Se abre un abanico de posibilidades, dada la versatilidad del texto de Ripa, que incorpora varias acepciones para un mismo concepto. A partir solo del texto el pintor construye el lenguaje pictórico, de forma que la plasticidad de las descripciones de Ripa se trasladada al lenguaje artístico; o el pintor tiene mayor margen de interpretación y de creación, al tiempo de poder incorporar otras fuentes visuales, una lectura conjunta de referentes visuales y de Ripa son complementarias y se enriquecen entre sí. Si nos referimos a las estampas que incorporan las distintas ediciones de Ripa, en general el artista hace un uso bastante literal e imita la ilustración. También queremos subrayar la complejidad de interpretación que a veces supone la identificación de una alegoría, sobre todo si solo contamos con un atributo, que suman dificultad a decodificar los contenidos. Asimismo hemos verificado que el grado de implantación del lenguaje alegórica de Ripa, en el ámbito religioso y cortesano, se ha materializado en un altísimo porcentaje de las representaciones pictóricas de carácter alegórico, llegando prácticamente a confundirse pintura alegórica y con alegoría de Ripa, pues esta fuente representó el manual de uso común en las pinturas murales llevadas a cabo por los pintores académicos del siglo XVIII al tiempo que mostraban su erudición como pintores ilustrados. Por último, creemos haber contribuido a poner en valor la obra Iconología como fuente iconográfica en el ámbito de la pintura académico de este periodo. En conclusión, aunque nuestra lectura es estrictamente iconográfica, hemos pretendido no caer en la simplificación, sino de aplicar una mirada en profundidad, microscópica, sobre la huella de Ripa en el contexto cultural y visual de la época y contribuir con nuestra investigación a enriquecer al complejo mundo de la creación artística en el ámbito de la pintura española del siglo XVIII que ha sido el motor de nuestra investigación.

Orientador: Claudio Henrique de Moraes Batalha
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T13:07:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lacerda_DavidP._M.pdf: 10202366 bytes, checksum: ea46ff9a579cf6bc885cd6d8a09f17f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Este estudo aborda a experiência mutualista na cidade Rio de Janeiro ao longo do Segundo Reinado. Analisa, em particular, a atuação de um conjunto de sociedades organizadas por artesãos e operários de diferentes ofícios manuais num período em que o Conselho de Estado, órgão consultivo do governo monárquico, cuidou de garantir as prerrogativas das normas para o funcionamento de associações civis e mercantis criadas no império. Esse processo desencadeou um amplo movimento protagonizado por vários grupos sociais interessados em obter o reconhecimento político e legal de suas entidades, estabelecendo, por conseguinte, profundos nexos entre as formas de dominação e as práticas associativas. A dissertação demonstra a partir do exame dos socorros oferecidos e dos modos de recortar o universo social e financeiro, que as mutuais de ofício desempenharam um papel significativo naquele quadro de relações, evidenciando atitudes, expectativas e valores pertencentes ao universo do trabalho e da proteção social
Abstract: This study deals with the mutualist movement experience in the city of Rio de Janeiro during the Second Reign. It analyses, in particular, the acting of a group of societies organized by craftsmen and workers from different kinds of manual occupations during a time when the State Council, a consultative body of the monarchic government, took care to ensure the prerogatives of rules for the action of the civil and mercantile associations created in the imperial period. This process initiated a vast movement performed by many social groups interested in achieving the legal and political recognition of its entities, establishing deep connections between forms of domination and associative practices. The dissertation shows from the examination of the offered assistances and the ways of highlighting the social and financial environment, that the mutual occupational organizations performed a significant role in that framework of relations, pointing attitudes, expectations and values which belong to the universe of work and social protection
Mestrado
Historia Social
Mestre em História

ABSTRACT This thesis is concerned with the question of how America’s citizen soldiers are remembered and how their services can be interpreted through monuments and memorials. The paper discusses the concept of memory and the functions of memorialization. It explores whether and how monuments and memorials portray the difficulties, hardships, horror, costs, and consequences of armed combat. The political motivations behind the design, formation and establishment of the edifices are also probed. The paper considers the Vietnam War monuments and memorials erected by Americans and Vietnam expatriates in New Orleans, Louisiana, and examines their illustrative and educational usefulness. Results reflect that although political benefits accrued from the realization of the memorial structures in question, far more important, palliative and meaningful motives brought about their construction. They also demonstrate that, when understood, monuments and memorials can be historically useful.

En España, al igual que en el resto de países europeos a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, se hace exhibición de "lo primitivo": personas (indígenas procedentes de los nuevos territorios colonizados) y objetos (piezas de arte y artefactos de la cultura material de los indígenas procedentes de las colonias). Algunas de estas muestras coinciden con las primeras exposiciones organizadas en España: Exposición General de las Islas Filipinas en Madrid (1887), Exposición Universal de Barcelona (1888) y Exposición Internacional de Barcelona (1929). El presente trabajo analiza la presencia o ausencia de "lo primitivo" (personas y objetos) en los principales acontecimientos expositivos españoles, su relación con acontecimientos homónimos en otros países europeos y su posible recepción en colecciones museísticas (museos de antropología, etnología y misionales).
In Spain, as in the rest of European countries at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth, aboriginal from the new colonized territories and "primitive" objects (art and artefacts from the material culture of the colonies) were also exhibited. Some of these events coincide with the first organized Exhibitions in Spain: General Exhibition of the Philippines Islands in Madrid (1887), Barcelona World Exhibition (1888) and Barcelona International Exhibition (1929). This work analyzes the presence or absence of "the primitive" (people and objects) in the major Spanish exhibitions, the relationship with similar events in other European countries and the possible reception in museum collections (museums of anthropology, ethnology and missionary).

abstract: The study of wasp societies (family Vespidae) has played a central role in advancing our knowledge of why social life evolves and how it functions. This dissertation asks: How have scientists generated and evaluated new concepts and theories about social life and its evolution by investigating wasp societies? It addresses this question both from a narrative/historical and from a reflective/epistemological perspective. The historical narratives reconstruct the investigative pathways of the Italian entomologist Leo Pardi (1915-1990) and the British evolutionary biologist William D. Hamilton (1936-2000). The works of these two scientists represent respectively the beginning of our current understanding of immediate and evolutionary causes of social life. Chapter 1 shows how Pardi, in the 1940s, generated a conceptual framework to explain how wasp colonies function in terms of social and reproductive dominance. Chapter 2 shows how Hamilton, in the 1960s, attempted to evaluate his own theory of inclusive fitness by investigating social wasps. The epistemological reflections revolve around the idea of investigative framework for theory evaluation. Chapter 3 draws on the analysis of important studies on social wasps from the 1960s and 1970s and provides an account of theory evaluation in the form of an investigative framework. The framework shows how inferences from empirical data (bottom-up) and inferences from the theory (top-down) inform one another in the generation of hypotheses, predictions and statements about phenomena of social evolution. It provides an alternative to existing philosophical accounts of scientific inquiry and theory evaluation, which keep a strong, hierarchical distinction between inferences from the theory and inferences from the data. The historical narratives in this dissertation show that important scientists have advanced our knowledge of complex biological phenomena by constantly interweaving empirical, conceptual, and theoretical work. The epistemological reflections argue that we need holistic frameworks that account for how multiple scientific practices synergistically contribute to advance our knowledge of complex phenomena. Both narratives and reflections aim to inspire and inform future work in social evolution capitalizing on lessons learnt from the past.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Biology 2016

This thesis studies Friendly Societies of New Zealand from 1842, when the first lodge was established, to l94l when the Social Security Amendment Bill, allowing for the implementation of the general medical benefit, was enacted. It is the study of how, through the formation of mutual aid societies, a significant group of working people protected themselves against hardship. At the same time, it is the study of how Friendly Societies, by means of social activity and ritual, bonded their members together and synthesised their welfare role with the values of respectability, thrift and independence. The establishment of lodges throughout the nineteenth century is explored and it is shown how lodges, as well as providing for their members' welfare needs, were also effective community institutions of social integration, facilitating the adaptation of immigrants to their new environment. By the twentieth century very few New Zealand settlements were without a lodge. As an integral part of their communities, they were cross-class institutions, drawing together and mixing people from different classes, occupations and social groups. Traced also is the transformation of Friendly Societies from small, financially insecure, local lodges, combining conviviality with limited welfare benefits, to the large financially sound consolidated Societies of the 1930s providing their members with access to modem health care. Effective insurance became the primary focus of Friendly Societies. Although social life remained active, as the twentieth Century progressed, people increasingly joined lodges only for the health and medical benefits offered. Because of their wide range of benefits and because there was little else in the way of welfare relief at the time, Friendly Societies were relevant and significant suppliers of welfare. The state recognised this role and supported them with legislation and help, at least until 1910. However, as the state increasingly ventured into the welfare arena its support for the Societies waned, until finally friendly Society sickness benefits were replaced by the 1938 Social Security Act and their medical benefits by the Social Security Amendment Act of 1941. Friendly Societies were sidelined. Because welfare historiography has tended to focus on the state, it has neglected Friendly Societies. This study intends to redress the balance, and show that welfare did not start with tie state - that many people were making effective provision against sickness, disability and death for themselves long before the introduction of the welfare state.

The Heyang dialect has many distinct phonological features, which make it quite different from its adjacent dialects. The phonological features of the Heyang dialect are systematically studied, and the historical strata are revealed. Diverse historical strata exist in the current system of the Heyang dialect. In the Heyang dialect, there are phonological features which belong to the stratum of the Northwestern dialect during the Tang and Song dynasties. These features include: the Middle Chinese voiced obstruents are all aspitrated; the -ŋ ending is lost in the colloquial readings of Dang (宕) and Geng (梗) rhyme groups; the division III hekou syllables in Zhi (止) and Yu (遇) rhyme groups merge; and the division III and IV hekou finals of Xie (蟹) rhyme group are xiyin. The initials yi (疑) and wei (微) in the Heyang dialect are pronounced the same as they are in the Zhongyuan yinyun. The kaikou contrasted with the hekou finals in Guo (果) rhyme group when they combined with velar and glottal initials, the division I contrasted with division II finals of Xiao (效) rhyme group in the Heyang dialect. Those phonological phenomena belong to the historical stratum of the Zhongyuan yinyun. The Heyang dialect was further compared with the Meixian dialect, a representive of the Hakka dialect group. The two dialects share so many phonological characteristics. The relation between the two dialects is even closer than that between the Heyang dialect and Mandarin, in some essential aspects, which strongly suggests that the Heyang dialect may be rooted from the Zhongyuan dialects during the Tang and Song dynasty.

This study explores progress narratives in technological, social and personal dimensions and the effect different attitudes towards progress have on educational assessment design and use. By addressing this question this study works towards a general theory for informing design and use of educational assessment so that it better meets the needs of economies, societies and citizens. This study responds to rapid developments in technology that are affecting contemporary educational assessment design and use at a time when theoretical approaches are unable to frame these developments. It works towards identifying and exploring tensions emerging from different attitudes to progress, and how these attitudes inform contemporary educational assessment design. This study engages with progress narratives through reconstructions of historical materialism associated with socialism (Marx & Engels, 1846/2000) and creativedestruction associated with capitalism (Schumpeter, 1942/2008). These formulations of progress narratives are explored through the work of Habermas (1981/1985, 1981/1992) and his use immanent critique (Antonio, 1981; Stahl, 2013). This sociological framing allows the effects of technological progress on educational assessment to be explored through its relationship with economies, societies, and citizens. This study uses immanent critique and rational reconstruction to reconceptualise educational assessment for a contemporary context by coherently linking theories from sociology and educational assessment. Emphasis is given to educational assessment as symbolic media, through which several legitimation tensions are identified that are not currently addressed in educational assessment validation. These legitimation tensions have implications for educational assessment design as well as for education system management more generally.

In this dissertation, I examine a former sixties era hippie commune from the things and memories its residents have left behind. I focus on the intersections of memories, materialities, identities and systems of signification in order to suggest the following: that we might consider through archaeological, anthropological, and oral historical analyses the value of a genealogy of the sixties alongside histories of the era; that plastic presents a challenging archaeological issue (one of method and curation) while simultaneously reifying a social sense of its artificiality as an artifact of New Buffalo and a present-fact of speech (i.e. referring metaphorically to things as ‘plastic’, meaning false or artificial); that considerations of a ‘hippie’ work ethic might be productively brought to bear upon contemporary concerns about work and labor, but also might unpack our understandings of work and labor in American history; that playing primitive is a performance of citation and appropriation, a process of the inauthentic mimesis creating an authentic new (problematic) identity; and that artifacts and other objects shape (even re-appropriate) memories as much as they are re-made by them, and that recent historical artifacts can open up interesting collaborative analytical spaces when brought into actual conversation with site inhabitants, residents, and visitors. I aim to synthesize a number of threads, a number of different thought clusters throughout this dissertation in an effort to unpack anew questions of authenticity, of performing primitive as a kind of ‘Indian play’, or cultural appropriation, while also articulating a kind of identity creation that is aesthetic, political and counter to hegemonic and dominant traditions and forms. This work combines original field research at the site of New Buffalo commune in Arroyo Hondo, NM (in Taos County) and among the New Buffalos.

This study entails a critical investigation into the issue and trends that shaped Black perspectives on education in South Africa in the period between 1652 and 1993. A theoretical-philosophical exposition is presented to establish the fundamental characteristics of education and therefore characteristics valid for every human being under any circumstances at any time. These characteristics were used to eventually appraise the issues and trends underlying the shaping of Black perspectives on education in South Africa. This study has revealed that the shaping of Black perspectives on education in South Africa goes hand in hand with the growing realization among Blacks that education is not merely a political issue but also deeply imbedded in the interconnectedness and/or differences between social realities such as the church, the school itself, teachers' associations, the news media et cetera. This should be accounted for by every citizen in a responsible way.
Educational Studies
D. Ed. (History of Education)

Cette thèse s’intéresse aux effets de la conscience historique sur les négociations de l’ethnicité et la structuration des frontières intergroupes chez les enseignants d’histoire nationale au Québec. L’ambiguïté de dominance ethnique entre Francophones et Anglophones contextualise la façon dont les enseignants de ces groupes historicisent les significations du passé pour se connaître et s’orienter « ethniquement. » Selon leurs constructions des réalités intergroupes, ils peuvent promouvoir la compréhension intergroupe ou préserver une coexistence rigide. Le premier article théorise comment les capacités à historiciser le passé, ou à générer des formes de vie morales pour une orientation temporelle, soutiennent la construction de l’ethnicité. En développant un répertoire des tendances de conscience historique parallèles et égales afin de comprendre les fluctuations dans le maintien des frontières ethniques, l’article souligne l’importance de la volonté à reconnaître l’agentivité morale et historique des humains à rendre les frontières plus perméables. Le deuxième article discute d’une étude sur les attitudes intergroupes et les traitements mutuels entre des enseignants d’histoire Francophones et Anglophones. Alors que la plupart des répondants francophones sont indifférents aux réalités sociales et expériences historiques des Anglo-québécois, tous les répondants anglophones en sont conscients et enseignent celles des Franco-québécois. Cette divergence implique une dissemblance dans la manière dont les relations intergroupes passées sont historicisées. La non-reconnaissance de l’agentivité morale et historique des Anglo-québécois peut expliquer l’indifférence des répondants francophones. Le dernier article présente une étude sur la conscience historique des enseignants d’histoire francophone à l’égard des Anglo-québécois. En mettant le répertoire de conscience historique développé à l’épreuve, l’étude se concentre sur la manière dont les répondants historicisent le changement temporel dans leurs négociations de l’ethnicité et leurs structurations des frontières. Tandis que leurs opinions sur l’« histoire » et leurs historicisations des contextes différents les amènent à renforcer des différences ethnoculturelles et à ne pas reconnaître l’agentivité morale et historique de l’Autre, presque la moitié des répondants démontre une ouverture à apprendre et transmettre les réalités et expériences anglo-québécoises. La dépendance sur les visions historiques préétablies pour construire les réalités intergroupes souligne néanmoins l’exclusion de ce dernier groupe dans le développement d’une identité nationale.
This three-article thesis looks at the effects of historical consciousness on the negotiation of ethnicity and the structuring of group boundaries among national history teachers in Quebec. The province’s ambiguous ethnic dominance between Francophones and Anglophones sets the stage for revealing how teachers from Quebec’s parallel history classrooms historicize meanings of the past for ethno-cultural awareness and agency. Depending on how inter-group realities are constructed, these educators can either promote inter-group comprehension or preserve rigid co-existence. The first article theorizes how social actors’ differing capacities to historicize the past, or to generate moral life patterns for temporal orientation, underlie their negotiations of ethnicity and agency toward the “significant Other.” By developing a repertory of parallel and equal tendencies of historical consciousness for grasping fluctuations in ethnic boundary maintenance, the article moreover argues how social actors’ willingness to recognize human moral and historical agency is central to group boundary porosity. The second article discusses the findings of an exploratory study conducted on inter-group attitudes and mutual in-class treatments between Francophone and Anglophone educators in Montreal national history classrooms. Whereas most Francophone respondents are indifferent to Anglo-Québécois social realities and historical experiences, all Anglophone ones know and transmit those of the Franco-Québécois to their students. Mirroring each group’s sociological status, this divergence implies a dissimilarity in how past inter-group relations are historicized. Possible non-recognition of Anglo-Québécois moral and historical agency moreover explains the prevalent indifference among Francophone respondents. The last article touches upon an in-depth study conducted on Francophone national history teachers’ historical consciousness of the Anglo-Québécois. By testing my aforementioned repertory, the study analyzed how respondents historicize temporal change when negotiating ethnicity and structuring group boundaries. While their views on “history” and their historicizing of different thematic contexts overwhelmingly lead respondents to reinforce ethno-cultural differences and to not recognize human moral and historical agency, half of them nonetheless demonstrate openness to learning about and transmitting Anglo-Québécois social realities and historical experiences. Despite such willingness, reliance on pre-established historical visions for constructing inter-group realities nevertheless highlights the exclusion of the latter when respondents set out to develop a national identity among students.

This study entails a critical investigation into the issue and trends that shaped Black perspectives on education in South Africa in the period between 1652 and 1993. A theoretical-philosophical exposition is presented to establish the fundamental characteristics of education and therefore characteristics valid for every human being under any circumstances at any time. These characteristics were used to eventually appraise the issues and trends underlying the shaping of Black perspectives on education in South Africa. This study has revealed that the shaping of Black perspectives on education in South Africa goes hand in hand with the growing realization among Blacks that education is not merely a political issue but also deeply imbedded in the interconnectedness and/or differences between social realities such as the church, the school itself, teachers' associations, the news media et cetera. This should be accounted for by every citizen in a responsible way.
Educational Studies
M. Ed. (History of Education)

Mei Qing.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-138).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Literature Review --- p.4
Chapter 1.2 --- Methodology --- p.8
Chapter Chapter 2. --- Seeking A New World --- p.16
Chapter 2.1 --- Historical Context --- p.16
Chapter 2.2 --- "Geographical and Cultural Context of Malacca, Penang and Singapore" --- p.22
Chapter 2.3 --- The Development of Chinese Temples and Huiguans in the Settlements --- p.33
Chapter Chapter 3. --- Between Two Worlds: Temple Studies --- p.40
Chapter 3.1 --- Chinese Belief Structure --- p.40
Chapter 3.2 --- Prototype of Temples in Fujian --- p.49
Chapter 3.3 --- Cheng Hoon Teng in Malacca … --- p.52
Chapter 3.4 --- Guang Fu Gong and Tian Fu Gong --- p.75
Chapter 3.5 --- Summary … --- p.88
Chapter Chapter 4. --- Between Two Worlds: Huiguan Studies --- p.92
Chapter 4.1 --- Origin of Huiguans in China --- p.93
Chapter 4.2 --- Chinese Huiguans in the Straits --- p.97
"Conclusion: Temple, Huiguan, and Identity" --- p.121
Bibliography