Academic literature on the topic 'Historical sources - evidence'
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Journal articles on the topic "Historical sources - evidence"
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Layton‐Jones, Katy. "Visual Quotations: Referencing Visual Sources as Historical Evidence." Visual Resources 24, no. 2 (2008): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01973760802042762.
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van Hover, Stephanie, David Hicks, and Hilary Dack. "From Source to Evidence? Teachers' Use of Historical Sources in Their Classrooms." Social Studies 107, no. 6 (2016): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00377996.2016.1214903.
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Hawley, E. Haven. "Revaluing Mimeographs as Historical Sources." RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 15, no. 1 (2014): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.15.1.414.
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Curators are partners with printing historians, collectors, and conservators, as well as with communities, in selecting, preserving, and interpreting cultural heritage. Uncovering the role of a technology such as mimeography reveals more than a history of a specific machine or technical process. It secures a better understanding about social experience by authenticating accounts about how diverse groups communicated with their own communities and to others. Special collections professionals need to be archaeologists to recover evidence from and to best preserve 20th-century publications. Current tools for studying recent print artifacts are insufficient. Thus, collaborating to generate methods for analysis is an . . .
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Žemgulienė, Aušra, and Aistė Babachinaitė. "ARGUMENTAVIMAS PRADINĖSE KLASĖSE DIRBANT SU ISTORINIAIS ŠALTINIAIS: 4 KLASĖS MOKINIŲ ARGUMENTAVIMO IR ŠALTINIO SUPRATIMO GEBĖJIMŲ KAITA [ARGUMENTATION IN PRIMARY CLASS WHILE WORKING WITH HISTORICAL SOURCES: THE DEVELOPMENT OF 4TH FORMERS’ ARGUMENTATION AND UNDERSTANDING HISTORICAL SOURCE ABILITIES]." ŠVIETIMAS: POLITIKA, VADYBA, KOKYBĖ / EDUCATION POLICY, MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY 10, no. 1 (2018): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/spvk-epmq/18.10.27.
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This research addresses the issue of development of argumentation and understanding historical sources abilities in 4th year classes. The theoretical section has revealed that the foreign studies propose to change educational system moving from the direct memorization, the knowledge reproduction to the knowledge interpretation, reasoning and using historical sources not only to obtain the necessary information, but to use it as evidence to create historical understanding. This approach is influenced by constructivism ideas, which encourage students to be active in the learning process. The basic idea is that history learning encourages students to think critically and defend their views by advancing sound arguments. When students is involved in argumentation process, they not only express their minds, but also they use language to improve their intellect and reasoning skills. We called argumentation as giving reliable arguments from historical sources to support statement. The aim of the research is to identify how argumentative skills changes while working with historical sources through well-planned educational activity. The following research methods have been employed: the educational and psychological literature analysis, the education program analysis and the questionnaire of the tasks (taking into account primary education curriculum in Lithuania) whose data have been investigated using the qualitative analysis methods. Organization of educational activities and repeated research on abilities. The conclusions show that 4th formers are sufficiently successful in giving statements and arguments to support statement while working with historical sources. They are insufficiently able to give sound arguments, because it requires to understand source’s reliability. The additional educational activities have slightly contributed the improvement of the 4th formers’ argumentative skills. They used the primary and secondary sources to construct a statement supported by the arguments and some evidence. Students have noticed that the arguments found in the primary sources are far more convincing and sounder than in the secondary sources. After this activity students are sufficiently successful in making a statement and giving arguments and reliable evidence to support statement. The research data have revealed that using historical sources in argumentation tasks developed not only argumentation (language subject), but also understanding historical source as evidence (history subject) abilities. Keywords: primary education, teaching argumentation, teaching history, working with historical source.
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Jaskot, Paul B., and Ivo van der Graaff. "Historical Journals as Digital Sources:." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 76, no. 4 (2017): 483–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2017.76.4.483.
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Historical Journals as Digital Sources: Mapping Architecture in Germany, 1914–24 demonstrates how historical journals can provide information for digital mapping and how mapping can tell us something new about the German construction industry in a moment of crisis. Digital maps can expand the art historical research process and raise fundamental art historical research questions. Paul B. Jaskot and Ivo van der Graaff developed a database from all issues of the German journal Deutsche Bauzeitung published in the period 1914–24 and visualized the evidence they collected using geographic information systems (GIS) technology. They assess how well the database works for historical analysis and GIS and discuss the indexical possibilities of the digital mapping of historical sources. The visualization of the database gives form to human actions and structural patterns that can redirect the art historical question from individual objects to what construction can tell us about society as a whole. In the process, such visualization allows us to see a much broader history of German architecture, 1914–24.
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Žemgulienė, Aušra, and Nijolia Balcevič. "Development of Historical Literacy: 3rd–4th Formers’ Abilities to Understand a Historical Source." Pedagogika 123, no. 3 (2016): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2016.35.
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The article analyses the problem of development of historical literacy in primary classes. Following the foreign theory and research, the article analyses which abilities to understand a historical source should be developed in primary forms. It is also discussed, which requirements for abilities to investigate and understand a historical source are imposed on primary learners in foreign countries (Cooper, 1995; 2006; 2012; Chapman, 2011; Lee, Ashby, 1995; Lee, 2005; Levstik 1993; Perikleous, Shemilt, 2011; Petri, 2014; Seixas 1996; 2006; Van Drie, Van Boxtel, 2007; Wineburg, 2010). The theoretical analysis allowed to notice that foreign researchers call for a transition from direct memorisation of information and data towards the development of an in-depth historical awareness among learners. In these times of information and rapid changes learning of history is expected to enable learners to think in an abstract manner freely using generalised secondary concepts such as changes, meaning, evidences, causes, empathy, etc. The research also discusses the specifics of integrated history teaching in the primary curriculum in Lithuania.
 The goal of the research: to identify what abilities of historical literacy are demonstrated by 3rd – 4th formers while working with historical sources. The objectives of the research: to analyse didactic approaches of historical literacy teaching primary learners to investigate and understand historical sources; to conduct research on 3rd–4th formers’ abilities to understand historical sources; to organise targeted educational activities for 4th formers and to identify changes in understanding of a historical source. The following research methods were used: analysis of scholarly literature on development of primary learners’ historical literacy; questionnaires of paper-and-pen assignments and quantitative and qualitative analysis of the obtained data; organisation of educational activities and repeated research on abilities. Considering the propositions of the foreign scientific theory and the specifics of the Lithuanian general curriculum of primary education, a 6 level matrix for data collection and processing was used for the analysis of the data.
 The conclusions of the research show that 3rd–4th formers are sufficiently successful in finding facts and data in direct and obviously presented historical information. They are insufficiently able to differentiate between the source information as a testimony of the context and a source as reliability of the evidence; to find information indirectly expressed in a source and to provide it as evidence describing the context of that time. Additional educational activities have slightly contributed to improvement of the 4th formers’ abilities to understand a historical source. They have approached a primary source as reliable evidence, have started applying the essential concepts related to understanding of a source, such as a primary source, an authentic letter because it is written in person. The research revealed that primary learners could achieve higher results if the aforesaid abilities were developed in a systematic way applying activities of active content creation and discovery.
 The research data revealed a number of contradictory moments. Firstly, the research disclosed gaps in learners’ reasoning skills. Despite the learners’ abilities to successfully find direct information in the source, a number of them are able to identify indirect information as well, their reasoning process as if “has got stuck” between differentiation of information as a testimony and reliable evidence. Secondly, the research results encouraged considerations about the issues related to content and quality of education. This is linked with specifics of primary education and integrated teaching of history themes during lessons of Surrounding World Learning. The curriculum does not provide for a precise definition of abilities to understand a historical source as learning outcomes and, thus, their development is not appropriate.
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Wilkinson, James. "A Choice of Fictions: Historians, Memory, and Evidence." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 111, no. 1 (1996): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/463135.
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Contemporary historians' definition of what constitutes historical evidence has expanded dramatically since the mid-1970s, but so have their doubts about the interpretation of evidence, especially for difficult and evanescent sources such as collective memory. As the ambitions of historical practice have challenged the limits of interpretation, the use of novel sources has necessitated recourse to “foundationalist” assumptions, without which errors in historical witnesses cannot be detected or evaluated.
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Kariyev, Y. M., and D. B. Samratova. "Archaeological sites as a historical source: historiographical overview." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. HISTORICAL SCIENCES. PHILOSOPHY. RELIGION Series 134, no. 1 (2021): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2021-134-1-63-80.
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As we know, the material objects of the past are the most important sources of historical science. Also, we are aware that material monuments were not immediately included in the orbit of interests of history. Archaeology is recognized as a field of history. It has come a long and difficult way from general evidence of the past and art history to an academic discipline with its base of sources, methodology and other inherent attributes of a full-fledged scientific unit. There are many works on the history of archaeology, archaeological thought and archaeological research of different scale and nature, where the material sources are historical, or this issue is ignored and the concept of «archaeological source» is openly emphasized. It reflects separative trends in archaeology. In the realities of the current day there is an urgent need to revise the prevailing views and perspectives in the understanding of material evidence as a historical source. It is more than obvious that it should begin with the historiography of the problem. In the present article the history of perception and use of material evidence as a source on the past of mankind is considered. For the completeness of the general presentation in the article a detailed historiographical excursus is carried out, which covers the period from antiquity to the present and considers facts of intentional, indirect, and contextual use of material remains in the reconstruction of the past.
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Troesken, W. "The Sources of Public Ownership: Historical Evidence From the Gas Industry." Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 13, no. 1 (1997): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jleo.a023374.
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VANSINA, JAN. "LINGUISTIC EVIDENCE AND HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION." Journal of African History 40, no. 3 (1999): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853799007598.
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A Green Place, a Good Place: Agrarian Change, Gender and Social Identity in the Great Lakes Region to the Fifteenth Century. By David Lee Schoenbrun. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann: Oxford: James Currey, 1998. Pp. xiv+301. £40 (ISBN 0-325-00041-7); £15.95, paperback (ISBN 0-325-00040-9).An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400. By Christopher Ehret. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia; Oxford: James Currey, 1998. Pp. xvii+354. £35 (ISBN 0-8139-1814-6).Recently several historical reconstructions based on linguistic evidence and dealing with ancient times have been published in African history. In 1998 alone there are the two books reviewed here as well as a major work by Gerda Rossel. Linguistic sources contribute much to the recovery of aspects of the past, which would otherwise remain out of reach, and the standard methodologies of historical linguistics are well known to readers of this journal. Yet in practice many historians remain all too often disconcerted by such studies because they have great difficulty in evaluating them: i.e. in linking assertions made to the evidence provided and so to establish the credibility of such statements. This is not just because many historians are unfamiliar with linguistic evidence but because all the evidence necessary for evaluation is usually not available in the work studied, and often enough authors do not clearly indicate where it can be found. Indeed sometimes it is not available at all. In such cases one has to take the statements made by the authors on faith: one believes the author or not. That is clearly unacceptable. For is it not a fundamental rule in history writing that assertions must be substantiated and hence evidence must be cited or provided? Any work without substantiation cannot be considered to be a work of history at all.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Historical sources - evidence"
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Vizcarra, Juan Guillermo. "Critical Study of Two Piano Transcriptions by August Stradal and the Transcriptions’ Sources: Alterations to the Score Based on Historical Evidence and Artistic Judgment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801932/.
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The fact that a number of pianists of the past two centuries adapted, embellished, and rearranged piano works for performance, be these original works or transcriptions, has been well documented throughout history. This thought, in addition to the fact that Stradal’s scores needed revision, encouraged me to make alterations to Stradal’s transcriptions and served as a strong incentive to write the current study. In it, I will comment on the alterations performed to segments of Stradal’s piano transcriptions of Wagner’s Schluβ der letzten Aufzuges (End of the last Act) from Siegfried and Trauermusik aus dem letzten Aufzug (Siegfried’s Funeral March) from Götterdämmerung. These changes have the purpose of reflecting in the piano as closely as possible the sonorous reality of the transcriptions’ operatic sources and, by doing so, making Stradal’s arrangements more effective for performance.
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Lafrenz, Kathryn A. "Tracing the source of the elephant and hippopotamus ivory from the 14th century B.C. Uluburun shipwreck the archaeological, historical, and isotopic evidence /." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000243.
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Lafrenz, Kathryn Anne. "Tracing the Source of the Elephant and Hippopotamus Ivory from the 14th Century B.C. Uluburun Shipwreck: The Archaeological, Historical, and Isotopic Evidence." Scholar Commons, 2004. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1122.
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The aim of this study is to establish the provenance of the elephant and hippopotamus ivory recovered from the 14th century B.C. Uluburun shipwreck in order to reconstruct the trade mechanisms and associated social relationships (e.g. diplomacy) operating in the eastern Mediterranean during the Late Bronze Age (LBA). Elephant ivory came either from Northeastern Libya, Southeastern Sudan via Egypt or northwestern Syria during this period. Hippopotamus ivory likewise was obtained from Syria, Palestine, or Egypt.
The Uluburun's cargo is reconstructed by the excavator, George Bass, as "royal," and primarily originates from Cyprus and Syro-Palestine. Indeed, LBA trade is largely understood as gift-exchange between ruling elites, thereby reflecting a trade system organized by and for a centralized authority. With the transition to the Iron Age, an identifiable merchant class developed and decentralized trade (relative to the preceding era) under a system of cabotage shipping. If the ivory is shown to derive from several regions instead of a single location, a revision of LBA trade must be fashioned to include ruling elites acting as "merchants" to a larger degree than previously assumed, or the web of social relationships involved in "international" diplomacy as much more intricate. Indeed, the mechanisms of the LBA trade must be established to provide a complete picture of trade, especially since the import and historical data is biased towards a simplistic, centralized trade system.
The δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O reflect the climate and vegetation of the area in which a population dwells, so that areas with similar climate/vegetation will produce similar isotopic signatures, though these areas may be geographically seperated. Nevertheless, examining 87Sr/86Sr ratios will distinguish between populations because 87Sr/86Sr mirrors the isotopic signature of the underlying rock, and is sufficiently unique to each region to warrant differentiation.
Isotopic ratio analysis (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and/or strontium) was conducted on the collagen and apatite components of the ivory using mass spectrometry to differentiate between regions and therefore provide the provenance. Ultimately a source determination utilizing HR-ICP-MS for 87Sr/86Sr was not successful. Future provenance research on ivory should employ TIMS, and consider triangulating 87Sr/86Sr against lead and neodymium isotopes.
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Leeman, Whitney Renae. "Historic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) concentrations in Riverside, California : evidence of a diffuse vehicular source /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Aziz, Rookhsana. "Hijab – the Islamic dress code: its historical development, evidence from sacred sources and views of selected Muslim scholars." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4888.
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The issue of a Muslim woman‟s dress code has been debated for centuries. This is of great importance as it is widely used as a criterion to measure the extent of a woman‟s piety or devotion to Allah.
A study of the religious texts on the issue is essential. Therefore, Qur‟anic text, Prophetic Traditions and Qur‟anic exegesis of both classical and modern scholars would have been used in determining the correct dress code for Muslim women.
While all research indicates that women dress conservatively, in order not to attract the attention of the opposite sex. The extent to which a woman must be covered has not been agreed upon. Even if what has to be covered is established by scholars, the manner in which this is to be done and the type of colours and fabric to be used needs further clarification.
The issue of the female dress code needs to be presented from a female perspective.<br>Religious Studies and Arabic<br>M.A. (Islamic Studies)
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Lobo, Diana Filipa Dias Trindade. "A Evidência Histórica na Construção do Ensino e da Aprendizagem na Aula de História." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/93735.
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Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado em Ensino de História no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário apresentado à Faculdade de Letras<br>O presente trabalho é resultado de uma proposta de investigação desenvolvida no âmbito da unidade curricular de Projeto Didático II do Mestrado em Ensino de História no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário. O propósito deste estudo encontra-se direcionado para responder, da forma mais completa, à seguinte questão: De que forma é que a exploração de fontes diversas pode constituir uma estratégia pedagógica fundamental para a compreensão do conceito de evidência? Procura, numa conceção problematizadora, analisar a relevância do trabalho com recurso a fontes históricas diversas para a apropriação do conceito de evidência, em contexto de sala de aula. Pretende, da mesma forma, avaliar como se processa a compreensão histórica, centrada no conceito de evidência. É a partir dos pressupostos, acima enunciados, que esta investigação, de caráter teórico, tem como objetivo propor, através da exploração de fontes diversas, estratégias que permitam aos alunos construir um conhecimento histórico complexo. A aula de História tem de passar a ser entendida como um espaço orientado para o diálogo, para a reflexão crítica, para o desenvolvimento do pensamento histórico, para a convergência de interpretações, sendo a evidência um dos pontos de partida. A evidência histórica deve ser encarada na condição de recurso privilegiado a ser empregue nas aulas de Histórica devendo esta, do mesmo modo, superar a sua condição de meros ilustradores de conteúdos, superar caráter de prova, bem como, deixar de ser a âncora usada para sustentar o discurso do professor. Estes testemunhos mudos podem ser, se a atitude adotada perante a fonte for orientada, for sistemática e metodologicamente adequada para tal, bastante eloquentes. A abordagem pedagógica seria implementada numa amostra de alunos de diferentes níveis de ensino - 8º ano e 11º ano. Os alunos implicados seriam envolvidos em tarefas específicas, relativas ao trabalho com a evidência histórica. Tendo em conta a conjuntura, deparamo-nos com a necessidade de reformular o projeto inicial. Neste trabalho encontrar-se-ão fundamentadas e descritas as metodologias, estratégias e recursos que teriam sido adotados em caso de aplicação efetiva. Através de uma reflexão teórica sustentada verificamos que a mudança terá que ocorrer a montante, na formação dos professores, onde a natureza do conhecimento histórico deverá ocupar uma posição de destaque. Um dos principais problemas encontrados está diretamente relacionado com as deficientes noções de fonte histórica e a quase inexistente compreensão do conceito de evidência histórica.<br>The current work is the result of an investigation hypothesis developed in the context of the Master in History Teaching in the 3rd Cycle of Basic Education and Secondary Education. The goal of this study is to give a more complete answer to the following question: how can the exploration of multiple historical sources constitute a fundamental pedagogical strategy to understand the concept of evidence? It searches, in a problematizing conception, to analyze the relevance of the work using multiple historical sources for a successful appropriation of the concept of evidence in classroom context. Starting from the above mentioned theoretical premises, this investigation has, as it goal, and through the exploration of diverse historical sources, to developed strategies that allow students to develop complex historical knowledge. The historical class must be understood as a dialogue driven space, oriented toward critical reflection, to the development historical thinking, to converge of interpretations, having evidence as its point of departure. Historical evidence must be seen as a privileged resource to be employed in history lessons, while taking into account, that they´re not more content illustrators, and that they must overcome they´re evidence character and be more than a teacher´s anchor. These mute testimonies might be, if the attitude toward the source is oriented, systematic and methodologically appropriate for this, quite eloquent. The pedagogical approach should be implemented in a diverse sample of students on different educative levels – 8th grade and 11th grade. The students should be involved in specific tasks, related to the work of historical evidence. Taking into account the current situation, we were forced to change the initial project. It will be found in detail, in this work, the description of the methodologies, strategies and resources that were to be effectively adopted. Thought a sustained theoretical reflection will see that the change as to occur at amount in teacher´s formation, where the nature of historical knowledge must occupy a privileged position. One of the main problems found in this investigation is related to the multiple and disable notions of historical sources and the almost inexistent understanding of historical evidence.
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Moreira, Rafaela Cristina Peixoto. "A multiperspetiva em história: um estudo com alunos do ensino secundário recorrente." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/65937.
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Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino de História no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário<br>No presente relatório de estágio é apresentada a implementação do Projeto de Intervenção
Pedagógica Supervisionada, realizado no âmbito do Mestrado em Ensino de História no 3º Ciclo
do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário, com o seguinte tema: “A multiperspetiva em História:
estudo com alunos do Ensino Secundário Recorrente”. O projeto foi implementado com os alunos
do Ensino Secundário Recorrente, no 12º ano de escolaridade, numa escola situada no centro da
cidade de Braga.
O estudo sobre multiperspetiva incidiu sobre o tema da Guerra Fria, período em que o
mundo assistiu à disputa de duas grandes potências mundiais, os Estados Unidos da América
(EUA) e a União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas (URSS), que possuíam diferentes ideias a
nível político, económico e social.
O estudo realizado teve a finalidade de analisar a capacidade de interpretação dos alunos
perante diversas fontes históricas (documentos escritos, visuais e musicais) e que contêm
mensagens e perspetivas diferentes relacionadas com a Guerra Fria. Pretendeu-se também
analisar a evolução dos conhecimentos dos alunos relativamente à temática estudada, a Guerra
Fria, e ao nível da multiperspetiva em História.
Com este estudo, concluiu-se que os alunos inicialmente tinham ideias vagas acerca dos
conceitos metahistóricos e substantivos no âmbito da Guerra Fria, no entanto, na fase final alguns
alunos demonstraram uma evolução nos seus conhecimentos. Neste estudo, verificou-se que os
alunos com uma idade mais elevada possuíam dificuldades em compreenderem temas históricos
recentes. Desta forma, entende-se que a dificuldade sentida na aprendizagem não está relacionada
com a faixa etária, mas com o tipo de desafio que se coloca perante os alunos.<br>This internship report presents the implementation of the Supervised Pedagogical
Intervention Project, carried out under the Master's Degree in History Teaching in the 3rd Cycle of
Basic and Secondary Education, with the following theme: “Multiperspective in the teaching of
History: study with Recurrent High School students”. The project was implemented with the
Recurrent High School students, in the 12th grade at a school located in Braga city center.
The multi-perspective study focused on the theme of the Cold War, during which the world
witnessed the dispute of two major world powers, the US and the USSR, which had different
political, economic and social ideas.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the students' interpretative capacity before various
historical sources (written, visual and musical documents) and containing different messages and
perspectives related to the Cold War. It was also intended to analyze the evolution of students'
knowledge regarding the theme studied, the Cold War, and the level of multiperspective in History.
With this study, it was concluded that the students initially had vague ideas about the
metahistoric and substantive concepts in the Cold War, however, in the final phase some students
showed an evolution in their knowledge. In this study, it was found that older students had
difficulties understanding recent historical themes. Thus, it is understood that the difficulty in
learning is not related to the age group, but to the type of challenge that faces the students.
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Vieira, Júlio José Peixoto Barbosa. "O património histórico como evidência com alunos do 8º ano do ensino básico." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/68686.
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Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino de História no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário<br>O presente relatório de estágio descreve a implementação do Projeto de Intervenção
Pedagógico Supervisionado (PIPS) na disciplina de História com alunos do 8º ano de
escolaridade. Deste modo, com base na observação das aulas foi levado a cabo um
levantamento das ideias prévias dos alunos referentes aos conceitos lecionados durante
o período de Estágio. Esta observação permitiu ainda verificar a necessidade de
trabalhar com os alunos diferentes fontes a partir das quais os alunos pudessem
construir o seu conhecimento histórico.
A abordagem ao património histórico como evidência realizou-se através de dois
momentos e ambientes educativos distintos: a sala de aula e um roteiro pelo centro
histórico de Braga. O presente estudo tem como objetivo dar resposta à seguinte
questão de investigação:
Como é que os alunos compreendem o património como evidência histórica?
Os resultados deste estudo baseiam-se na recolha de dados através dos
seguintes instrumentos: Questionário1 (Q1- Questionário das ideias prévias dos alunos);
Ficha de trabalho (F- O património histórico como evidência); Visita de estudo (VERoteiro:
Um olhar sob o património de Braga); Questionário2 (Q2- Questionário de
conceitos pós-lecionação) e a Ficha de metacognição (FM- Ficha de metacognição)
A análise dos questionários permitiram conhecer a evolução dos vários conceitos
analisados no decorrer da prática supervisionada e do estudo, assim como perceber
como o Património é entendido e usado pelos alunos para a construção da
aprendizagem em História. Este estudo permitiu compreender que os alunos olham para
as fontes históricas como “janelas” para o passado, numa lógica de espelho do passado
e exploram as fontes superficialmente, mas já consideram os diversos suportes das
fontes. Relativamente ao “Património” essa análise da informação explícita é articulada
com ideias de relevância patrimonial associada a ideias de riqueza, monumentalidade e
valor, bem como aos seus gostos pessoais e aos valores das comunidades onde vivem,
ou seja, pensam o passado usando ideias em linha com o presentismo.<br>This internship report describes the implementation of the Supervised
Pedagogical Intervention Project (PIPS) in History subject with 8th graders. Therefore,
based on the observation of the lessons, a survey of the students’ previous ideas
regarding the concepts taught during the internship period was carried out. This
observation also made it possible to verify the need to work different sources with
students from which they could build their historical knowledge.
The approach to historical heritage as evidence was carried out through two
distinct educational and environmental moments: the classroom and a route through
the historic center of Braga. This study aims to answer the following research question:
How do students understand heritage as historical evidence?
The results of this study are based on the data collection through the following
instruments: Questionnaire1 (Q1- Questionnaire of students' previous ideas);
Worksheet (F- Historical heritage as evidence); Field trip (VE- Route: A look at the
heritage of Braga); Questionnaire2 (Q2- Questionnaire of post-teaching concepts) and
the Metacognition Form (FM- Metacognition Form).
The analysis of the questionnaires allowed to know the evolution of the various
concepts analyzed during the supervised practice and the study, as well as to understand
how the Heritage is understood and used by the students for the construction of
learning in History. This study allowed us to understand that students look at historical
sources as "windows" to the past, in a logic of mirroring the past and explore the sources
superficially, but already consider the different supports of the sources. Regarding
“Heritage”, this analysis of explicit information is linked to ideas of heritage relevance
associated with ideas of wealth, monumentality and value, as well as their personal
tastes and the values of the communities where they live, that is, they think of the past
using ideas in line with presentism.
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Cardoso, Ana Filipa de Campos. "A construção do conhecimento e o desenvolvimento de competências de aprendizagem dos alunos a partir da área de Estudo do Meio (História)." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/28710.
Full textAbstract:
Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico<br>O presente relatório surge no âmbito da unidade curricular de Ensino Supervisionado II,
do mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. É um projeto,
baseado na metodologia de investigação-ação e foi realizado numa turma do 3º ano de
escolaridade.
Nos primeiros contactos com este contexto verificou-se a necessidade de desenvolver,
nas crianças, diversas competências de aprendizagem tais como o espirito critico, o pensamento
reflexivo e a autonomia. Para isso, optou-se pela exploração de fontes diversas, inseridas na
disciplina de História, integrada na área do Estudo do Meio, que apesar de ser pouco trabalhada,
apresenta grandes potencialidades para o desenvolvimento dessas competências e porque
proporcionaria aos alunos, através de uma abordagem construtivista (aula oficina), momentos de
construção do próprio conhecimento, mais vividos e significativos.
Tendo em conta o acima referido foram desenvolvidas várias atividades relacionadas
com a temática da alimentação: “As receitas”, “A Origem e Localização dos Alimentos”, “Os
Meios de Transporte, a sua evolução e o seu papel na mudança de hábitos alimentares ”, “A
evolução da alimentação” e “ Feiras e mercados ao longo dos tempos”, que tinham como
principal objetivo desenvolver, nos alunos, as capacidades em falta. A avaliação decorreu da
análise das produções escritas e icónicas dos alunos, e dos diálogos e interações, em contexto
de sala de aula, registados em áudio, notas de campo, diários reflexivos e registos fotográficos.
No final desta curta intervenção verificámos que os alunos eram bem mais capazes de
tomar decisões sozinhos, de refletir sobre o que viam ou ouviam e, sobre isso, tirar as suas
próprias ilações, realizando inferências e cruzando conhecimentos. Este projeto permitiu
concluir, também, que as crianças, quando sujeitas a atividades desafiadoras, como as que
foram implementadas, conseguem desenvolver competências transversais (autonomia, pesquisa,
reflexividade, criatividade…), e, ainda, outras, específicas da área disciplinar em que se focalizou
o projeto (História), ao nível do uso e interpretação de fontes diversas (evidência histórica) e do
desenvolvimento do pensamento histórico, que serão cruciais no seu futuro, enquanto seres
sociais e participativos.<br>This report integrates the Supervised Teaching II module, part of the Masters in
Preschool Education and Primary School Education. It is a project based on action-research
methodology and was developed in a 3rd grade class.
In the first contacts with this context it was found that there was a need to develop in this
children, various learning skills such as critical spirit, reflective thinking and autonomy. With this
in mind, we chose to exploit various sources, inserted in the discipline of history, incorporated in
the area of Environmental Studies, as it was considered to be an area not very explored, with
great potential for the development of these skills and that would be able, through a constructivist
approach (classroom workshop), to provide the students the time for them to construct their own
knowledge, more vivid and meaningful.
Regarding all the above several activities to the subject of food were developed:
"Recipes", "The Origin and Location of Food,", "The Means of Transportation, their evolution and
their role in eating habits changes ", "The evolution of feeding "and" Fairs and markets
throughout the ages", which had as main objective to develop in students the skills that were
absent. The assessment was made by analysis of written and iconic productions of students,
their dialogues and interactions in the classroom context, recorded audio, field notes, reflective
diaries and photographic records.
At the end of this short intervention we verified that students were much more able to
make decisions by themselves, to reflect on what they saw or heard and on this, draw their own
conclusions, making inferences and crossing knowledge. This project allowed to concluded that
children, when subjected to challenging activities, such as those implemented, can develop
transversal competences (autonomy, research, reflexivity, creativity ...), and also other, specific to
disciplinary field in which it was focused the project (History) at the level of the use and
interpretation of diverse sources (historical evidence) and the development of historical thinking,
which will be crucial to their future, as social and participative beings.
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Nunes, Gisela Lopes. "Azulejaria portuguesa e a valorização do património: interpretação de fontes patrimoniais iconográficas por alunos do 1º e 2º ciclo do ensino básico." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/41280.
Full textAbstract:
Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino do 1.º e 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico<br>O presente estudo empírico enquadra-se na linha de investigação em cognição histórica e visa
analisar as conceções de crianças sobre consciência história e patrimonial a partir do uso de fontes
patrimoniais, com destaque para o património azulejar. A investigação, realizada em contexto de
intervenção pedagógica supervisionada em duas escolas urbanas do Norte de Portugal (Escola do 1º
Ciclo e Escola do 2º Ciclo) - implementada numa turma de 25 alunos do 3.º ano (8-9 anos) e numa de
25 alunos do 5º ano (10-11anos) - a par das preocupações pedagógicas, pretendeu dar resposta às
seguintes questões de investigação: “Como interpretam os alunos a evidência nos painéis de azulejo?”
e “Que valor atribuem ao azulejar no contexto do património local e nacional e que eventual relevância
teve este projeto nessa valorização?”. Pretendeu-se sobretudo perceber: a) que inferências e deduções
realizam os alunos quando interpretam fontes iconográficas, com enfoque em painéis de azulejo; b)
que relações estabelecem entre a evidência produzida e os conhecimentos históricos que possuem; c)
a consciência patrimonial no pensamento destes alunos; d) e se é possível desenvolver ou despertar
essa consciência, com sucesso, nesta fase de escolaridade, confrontando as crianças com questões
sobre preservação do património.
Ao longo das intervenções pedagógicas programadas para a sua persecução, os alunos realizaram
várias tarefas com aplicação de vários instrumentos para a recolha de dados: ficha de levantamento de
conceções prévias, fichas de trabalho e de metacognição; atelier de trabalho; e visita de estudo a
sítios/monumentos com painéis de azulejos em Braga. Este estudo permitiu concluir que o uso desta
tipologia de fonte patrimonial (o azulejo) no ensino-aprendizagem de História contribui para a promoção
de competências de literacia visual, para a construção de pensamento eminentemente histórico, como
meio de aprendizagens significativas de conteúdos de História e de outras áreas como a Matemática e
as Expressões Visuais, surgindo como instrumento didático e/ou tema transversal potenciador de um
ensino interdisciplinar e abrangente, e de uma consciência histórica, patrimonial e cívica emergente.<br>This empirical study fits within the historical cognition researches and aims to analyze the
children’s concepts about history and heritage awareness from the use of heritage sources, with
emphasis on Portuguese tile’s patrimony. The research, carried out in a supervised pedagogical
intervention context of urban schools from Northern Portugal - applied in a class of 25 third-grade
students (8-9 years) and in another of 25 fifth-grade students (10-11 years) – intended, in addition to
pedagogical concerns, to address the following research questions: "How do students understand the
evidence in tile panels?" and "What value do they attribute to tiles in the local and national heritage
context and what possible relevance had this project in that valorization?". Mainly, it proposed to
realize: a) what inferences and deductions do students do when they interpret iconographic sources,
focusing on tile panels; b) what connections do they make between the produced evidence and their
historical knowledge; c) the heritage awareness in these students mind; d) and if it is possible to
develop or awaken this awareness, successfully, at this stage of schooling, confronting children with
questions about heritage preservation.
Throughout the planned pedagogic interventions concerning this study, the students performed
several tasks that included instruments for data collection: inquiries for analysis of previous
conceptions; regular and metacognitive worksheets; workshops; and field trips to sites/monuments with
tile panels in Braga. This study allowed to conclude that the use of this type of heritage source (the tile)
in teaching and learning History contributes to a visual literacy skills promotion, and an highly historical
thinking construction, as an approach for meaningful learnings of History contents and other areas such
as Mathematics and Visual Expressions, appearing as a didactic instrument and/or cross-cutting issue
that can develop an interdisciplinary and comprehensive education, and an emergent historical,
heritage and civic awareness.
Books on the topic "Historical sources - evidence"
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Burke, Peter. Eyewitnessing: The uses of images as historical evidence. Cornell University Press, 2001.
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Eyewitnessing: The uses of images as historical evidence. Cornell University Press, 2001.
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4
Trusting records: Legal, historical and diplomatic perspectives. Kluwer Academic, 2000.
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5
Ann, Guinan, ed. Nuzi texts and their uses as historical evidence. Society of Biblical Literature, 2010.
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Lucas, A. T. Toghers or causeways: Some evidence from archaeological, literary, historical and place-name sources. Royal Irish Academy, 1985.
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MacNeil, Heather. Trusting Records: Legal, Historical and Diplomatic Perspectives. Springer Netherlands, 2000.
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MacNeil, Heather. Trusting records: The evolution of legal, historical, and diplomatic methods of assessing the trustworthiness of records, from antiquity to the digital age. National Library of Canada, 2000.
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10
(France), Bibliothèque nationale, ed. Evidence of francophony in mediaeval Levant: Decipherment and interpretation (MS. Paris BnF copte 43). Hebrew University, Magnes Press, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Historical sources - evidence"
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Nussbaumer, Samuel U., and Heinz J. Zumbühl. "Evidence from the Archives of Societies: Historical Sources in Glaciology." In The Palgrave Handbook of Climate History. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-43020-5_8.
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He, Wenliang, Peng Li, and Guoyao Wu. "Amino Acid Nutrition and Metabolism in Chickens." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54462-1_7.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBoth poultry meat and eggs provide high-quality animal protein [containing sufficient amounts and proper ratios of amino acids (AAs)] for human consumption and, therefore, play an important role in the growth, development, and health of all individuals. Because there are growing concerns about the suboptimal efficiencies of poultry production and its impact on environmental sustainability, much attention has been paid to the formulation of low-protein diets and precision nutrition through the addition of low-cost crystalline AAs or alternative sources of animal-protein feedstuffs. This necessitates a better understanding of AA nutrition and metabolism in chickens. Although historic nutrition research has focused on nutritionally essential amino acids (EAAs) that are not synthesized or are inadequately synthesized in the body, increasing evidence shows that the traditionally classified nutritionally nonessential amino acids (NEAAs), such as glutamine and glutamate, have physiological and regulatory roles other than protein synthesis in chicken growth and egg production. In addition, like other avian species, chickens do not synthesize adequately glycine or proline (the most abundant AAs in the body but present in plant-source feedstuffs at low content) relative to their nutritional and physiological needs. Therefore, these two AAs must be sufficient in poultry diets. Animal proteins (including ruminant meat & bone meal and hydrolyzed feather meal) are abundant sources of both glycine and proline in chicken nutrition. Clearly, chickens (including broilers and laying hens) have dietary requirements for all proteinogenic AAs to achieve their maximum productivity and maintain optimum health particularly under adverse conditions such as heat stress and disease. This is a paradigm shift in poultry nutrition from the 70-year-old “ideal protein” concept that concerned only about EAAs to the focus of functional AAs that include both EAAs and NEAAs.
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"5 The Architectural Patronage of the Fāṭimid Queen-Mother Durzān (d. 385/995): An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Literary Sources, Material Evidence and Historical Context." In Material Evidence and Narrative Sources. BRILL, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004279667_007.
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van Sittert, Lance. "The South African Fisheries: A Preliminary Survey of Historical Sources." In The Exploited Seas. Liverpool University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780973007312.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
Lance van Sittert explores the historical records concerning the exploitation of marine resources along the West Coast of Africa, using them to provide evidence of the commerical importance of the West Coast over the East or South. The date demonstrates a boom-bust cycle along the West Coast, pertaining to whales, snoek, guano, rock lobster, hake, and pilchard.
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Augé, C. Riley. "Words from the Past." In The Archaeology of Magic. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066110.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
The process of locating and evaluating historical data sources is presented here as a prelude to the analysis of the detailed magical references abstracted from historic archives. The sources are divided into primary and secondary general historical sources including letters, diaries, magical treatises and compilations, sermons, magical symbolism, and herbal collections and the documentary evidence from the Salem witch trials and other court proceedings. These sources provide the first glimpse into concerns over threshold permeability and the use of gender related magic as a crisis response to protect those domestic boundaries.
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Harding, Dennis. "Documentary Sources." In Iron Age Hillforts in Britain and Beyond. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199695249.003.0013.
Full textAbstract:
Prehistorians like to think of prehistoric archaeology as the ‘purest’ branch of the discipline, in that interpretation and reconstruction of prehistoric societies is solely dependent upon the principles and techniques of archaeology, untainted by the predisposition of history. The unfortunate polarization of attitudes was only too evident at a recent International Congress of Celtic Studies, at which some younger archaeologists were utterly dismissive of any argument that was based upon classical sources, an intolerance that was only comprehensible in the face of the equally irrational faith placed in these sources, irrespective of context or chronology, by some of their senior colleagues. This kind of uncritical use of texts doubtless underlies Hill's (1989) exhortation that Iron Age archaeological studies should become more like the Neolithic. For others, the present writer included, the challenge of the Iron Age derives largely from the fact that it does span the threshold of history, and that Britain and Europe are therefore populated by named individuals and known communities, not just by inanimate pots and stone artefacts. The age of hillforts is substantially protohistoric, though Christopher Hawkes’ (1954) term parahistoric is probably more accurate for much of the British Iron Age, for which the relevant texts derive from literate neighbours rather than from even a minority literate group among the native community. Archaeologists since Hawkes have sometimes talked about such periods as text-aided, as opposed to prehistoric periods that were text-free. It may be arguable whether the presence of textual sources is an aid or a complication, but the phrase text-free implies a measure of relief that for these periods at least the archaeologist is free to interpret the evidence uninhibited by possible contradiction from historical records. The problem with text-aided archaeology, of course, was that it tended to be text-led; that is, that archaeology was seen as a means of ‘proving’ or at least illuminating history. The subordination of archaeology to history that was implicit in this approach is well illustrated by the way that Sir Leonard Woolley's excavations at Ur were popularly heralded as proving the flood of Genesis, or Kathleen Kenyon's excavations at Jericho were presented as discovering the walls destroyed by Joshua, notwithstanding the fact that the Neolithic town with which she was primarily concerned pre-dated Iron Age Joshua by several millennia.
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Smith, Tim D. "Examining Cetacean Ecology Using Historical Fishery Data." In The Exploited Seas. Liverpool University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780973007312.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
Tim D. Smith seeks to examine the ecology of cetacean species, by bringing together data from whaling logbooks, governmental records, the examination of historical environmental sources, and evidence from archaeological investigations, with the aim of creating a thorough and accurate history of the whaling industry and marine ecology. This final chapter raises the questions of changes in carrying capacity, breeding habitat, and breeding success of cetacean specifes, and concludes by finding gaps in records and previous analysis that the collaboration of whale biologists, ecolologists, climatologists and historians must seek to heal.
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Fuks, Abraham. "Sources of the Military Metaphors of Medicine." In The Language of Medicine, edited by Abraham Fuks. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190944834.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 5 traces the historical origins of military metaphors and seeks to understand their cultural roots. Some scholars point to Pasteur’s germ theory and the development of immunology in the late nineteenth century as the beginnings of the linguistic wars against bacteria and disease. Yet, physicians of an earlier era prior to any knowledge of bacteria postulated a human body engaged in life-and-death battles, and the earliest depiction of fever as evidence of a war within the body appears in the work of an Italian friar in 1635. The chapter postulates an earlier cultural origin for these metaphoric battles in ancient theological sources in which disease is understood as retribution for sins and an evil that must be fought with contrition and prayer. The Psychomachia, an allegorical work of the fifth century, relates the mythic battles between good and evil that are later readily evident in Puritan writings of England and early America.
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Lane, Paul J. "Slavery and Slave Trading in Eastern Africa: Exploring the Intersections of Historical Sources and Archaeological Evidence." In Slavery in Africa. British Academy, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264782.003.0013.
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This chapter reviews the historical evidence concerning the development of slavery in eastern Africa, the various forms found in societies on the coast and in the interior, the social and cultural consequences of enslavement, and its ultimate abolition. It then looks at the known and potential archaeological traces of the trajectories of these different systems of slavery, with particular reference to the area along the middle and lower Pangani River, Tanzania. The chapter concludes with a consideration of whether or not it would be possible to discern slavery from the surviving archaeological remains alone, and the implications of this answer for future archaeological investigations of slavery elsewhere in the region.
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Clair, William St. "The Biographer as Archaeologist." In Mapping Lives. British Academy, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263181.003.0013.
Full textAbstract:
Numerous literary biographies of famous authors were normally shaped by the quantity and the nature of the surviving primary documentary evidences such as diaries, letters, notes of constructions, and descriptions of the commentaries. These sources not only shaped the nature of the biographies but also the biographical method adopted. This chapter discusses the nature of the biographical evidence. It examines how biographers who regard their work primarily as an historical investigation can deal with the hard and immovable fact that the sources on which they necessarily rely are normally likely to provide an unrepresentative record of the patterns of the lived life.
Conference papers on the topic "Historical sources - evidence"
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Lebedev, Pavel. "Three decades of management accounting in Russia: the evolution of understanding of management accounting concept." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.036.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose– the article explores how did management accounting concept evolve and develop in Russia during the post-Soviet era. This study is informed by the specific way of the development of management accounting in Russia and a lack of related studies. Research methodology – this is a historical study based on archival methods. Evidence was obtained from sources varying from related literature to personal field notes and reflections arising from observations and experience gained in my more than 2 decades as a consultant and educator in the field of management accounting. The analysis in this study follows an interpretive approach: a narrative analysis of evidence used the model of thematic analysis to arrive at the findings. Findings – the results of the research demonstrate that the management accounting evolution in Russia contains three distinct periods: 1990’s – transactional focus, mainly related to cost; 2000’s – management accounting as an internal advisory function; 2010’s – management accounting on its way to financial leadership. This evolution followed the same path as in the developed markets, however, the patterns of this typology in Russia were much weaker. The driving forces of the development of management accounting were different than in the environment of developed markets. The benefits of management accounting to the overall corporate success were insignificant at each of the discussed phases. Research limitations – research results could be influenced by contextual nature and subjectivity of interpretative analysis, possible incompleteness and subjective selection of archival data, limited resources for analysis and interpretation. Practical implications – the research enriches our understanding of the development of management accounting in emerging economies, and it could support decisions in the transformation of financial function along with its maturity continuum. Furthermore, this research could be used as a part of the content of programs in professional and business education. Originality/Value – there is a lack of similar studies, which makes the research a significant contribution to existing conversations in science and professional practice
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Adaji, J. J., R. U. Onolemhemhen, S. O. Isehunwa, and A. Adenikinju. "Forecasting the Domestic Utilization of Natural Gas in Nigeria (2015-2020)." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2560895-ms.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Domestic utilization of natural gas in Nigeria is being hampered by the poor developments in the natural gas sector over the years, with low level of electricity (generation) consumption per capital, weak legal, commercial and regulatory framework amidst poor infrastructural developments in natural gas as compared to that which exists for oil. Nigeria ranks the second in gas flaring and shows low volumes of domestic gas utilization, consuming only about 11% out of the 8.25 billion cubic feet produced per day in 2014 despite its natural gas resource endowment. This paper examines the determinants of domestic utilization of natural gas in Nigeria from 1990-2013. It investigates its relationship as a function of price of natural gas, price of alternative fuels, foreign direct investment, volumes of gas flared, electricity generated from natural gas sources and per capital real GDP. Going further, it forecasts its likely growth rate for a short-term period, using an econometric methodology of ordinary least squares and an ARIMA model, it estimates the relationship between the variables and uses the historical trend to forecast into the future. The result of the study showed that the determinants jointly explain the pattern of domestic gas utilization in Nigeria by 98%. Individually, per capital real GDP, electricity generated from natural gas sources and changes in the volume of domestic utilization of natural gas was found to have a positive and significant effect on domestic gas utilization. Further, the forecast values show evidence of a slow but gradual increase in utilization pattern in the near future from 2015-2020. A best-case scenario of an increase of 0.15% and a worst-case scenario of a decrease of 0.14% was presented. In conclusion, having identified significant influences on domestic gas utilization patterns in Nigeria it is imperative that the government uses economic instrument to enhance the utilization patterns in Nigeria by improving economic activities and developing the power sector which shows significant influence in domestic natural gas utilization patterns.
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Singh, Navpreet, and Hemanta Kumar Sarma. "Successful in the Lab, Not as Effective in the Field? Uncertainties in the Field Observations of Low Salinity Water Flooding in Sandstone and Carbonate Reservoirs-A Critical Analysis." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200803-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Low salinity waterflooding has been an area of great interest for researchers for almost over three decades for its perceived "simplicity," cost-effectiveness, and the potential benefits it offers over the other enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques. There have been numerous laboratory studies to study the effect of injection water salinity on oil recovery, but there are only a few cases reported worldwide where low salinity water flooding (LSW) has been implemented on a field scale. In this paper, we have summarized the results of our analyses for some of those successful field cases for both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. Most field cases of LSW worldwide are in sandstone reservoirs. Although there have been a lot of experimental studies on the effect of water salinity on recovery in carbonate reservoirs, only a few cases of field-scale implementation have been reported for the LSW in carbonate reservoirs. The incremental improvement expected from the LSW depends on various factors like the brine composition (injection and formation water), oil composition, pressure, temperature, and rock mineralogy. Therefore, all these factors should be considered, together with some specially designed fit-for-purpose experimental studies need to be performed before implementing the LSW on a field scale. The evidence of the positive effect of LSW at the field scale has mostly been observed from near well-bore well tests and inter-well tests. However, there are a few cases such Powder River Basin in the USA and Bastrykskoye field in Russia, where the operators had unintentionally injected less saline water in the past and were pleasantly surprised when the analyses of the historical data seemed to attribute the enhanced oil recovery due to the lower salinity of the injected water. We have critically analyzed all the major field cases of LSW. Our paper highlights some of the key factors that worked well in the field, which showed a positive impact of LSW and a comparative assessment of the incremental recovery realized from the reservoir visa-a-vis the expectations generated from the laboratory-based experimental studies. It is envisaged that such a comparison could be more meaningful and reliable. Also, it identifies the likely uncertainties (and their sources) associated during the field implementation of LSW.
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Melchor Monserrat, José Manuel. "La fortificación hispanomusulmana de la madīna de Burriana (Castellón)." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11344.
Full textAbstract:
The Spanish-Muslim fortification of the Burriana’s medina (Castellón)This communication aims to publicize the latest archeological findings related to the Spanish-Muslim wall of Burriana, obtained thanks to the interventions carried out throughout the twenty-first century, in which new sectors and towers of the wall have been evidenced, and that they also clarify some ancient historical and archaeological news about the fortification. We highlight the documentation of the construction technique of the wall, which provides interesting data on its chronology, recently established around the eleventh century. The relationship between the defensive structure and other recent archaeological findings associated with this period are examined, such as some necropolis and elements of the urban plot. Finally, an analysis of the historical and territorial context of the defensive structure and the Spanish-Muslim city will be carried out, since Burriana’s medina was an important administrative and commercial center, a stopping point on the land route between Tortosa and Valencia, and cited as an amal that also had a seaport, according to some sources. We do not forget that the madīna is also a prominent enclave in the historical events related to the Christian razzias of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, and in the subsequent process of conquest of the kingdom of Valencia at the beginning of the thirteenth century, as reflected in the chronicles of the time.
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Rosa, Francesco, and Edoardo Rovida. "History and Creativity in Mechanical Engineering Education." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86989.
Full textAbstract:
In spite of its common perception as a static matter, the history of mechanical engineering is always a surprisingly rich source of ideas and constructive solutions. In fact, a historical perspective leads to a deeper understanding of the reasons why some technical solutions are commonly adopted, and that may not emerge from a technical and economical analysis of the present situation. Moreover, the power of invention of a “creative engineer” is limited to what can actually be done and is useful; therefore his/her creativity relies on a wide and deep technical knowledge. These two apparently simple and obvious considerations are the starting points to establish a relationship between history and creativity in the mechanical engineering field. The introduction of the historical heritage in purposely developed courses to stimulate the creativity of young engineers is one of the beneficial effects of this association. The breadth of the historical heritage is the more evident difficulty of this approach. The proposed way to overcome this difficulty, making it more easily accessible especially for younger engineers, consists in organizing the historical heritage in archives and data-bases. Two strategies (named abstraction and evaluation) to develop new solutions starting from the results of the search in these data-bases are also presented and discussed. This approach has been introduced in the syllabus of the courses “History of mechanical engineering” and “Design Methods” that are comprised in the Master of Science in the Mechanical Engineering Programme of the Politecnico di Milano.
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Theodossiou, S., and N. Singh Rainu. "Digital Initiatives, Infrastructures and Data Ecosystems in the Maritime Sector." In International Conference on Marine Engineering and Technology Oman. IMarEST, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/icmet.oman.2019.017.
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Efficiency, performance and monitoring of vessels becomes of paramount importance around the globe. Assets security, vessels efficiency, new directives and legislation with regard to emissions quality and many others, urge the global maritime industry to take the right initiatives and make the appropriate investments to develop data ecosystems, that over time, if used intelligently, coherently and consistently, will allow owners and managers to reap tangible benefits such as, among others, significant cost savings, better vessel management and longer vessel life span. As of today, most shipowners and related stakeholders face huge challenges when it comes to data collection, processing, streaming, sharing and storage. Relevant data, if any, is isolated in distinct silos, in spurious and inconsistent formats with little or non-existent interconnectivity between such silos or storage mechanisms. In effect, to face the new challenging landscape, a fresh mindset and an open-minded approach is required. The paper uses data and relevant building blocks, related to vessel performance, assets tracking, route planning, engine monitoring, fuel consumptions, emissions quality, vessels tracking, performance alarms and notifications; that is a wide variety of data modules and reporting tools, that eventually serve pure reporting, real-time monitoring and visualization objectives; but also some additional, more powerful modules being used for analytics and strategic decision making. Such modules can leverage on historical data being captured over prolonged time periods, in the various interrelated data sources and by the relevant data collectors and, if deployed effectively, to construct supervised, unsupervised or even semi-supervised machine learning models. Eventually, such models will enable the various stakeholders in this domain, to achieve successful assignments related to predictions, regressions, classification and clustering. In effect, apart from pure vessel geolocation tracking capabilities, the above modules and tools will allow any shipowner to log-in and see how, a specific vessel under consideration does, in terms of performance and efficiency, in specific weather, geological and regional conditions. In addition to that, more advanced modules, for instance, might warn ship owners about the benefits of a potential hull maintenance or cleaning, give insights on engine efficiency and recommend actions or even provide indications or predictions of future likely delays in reaching at the port of destination. Among other things, this data collection and storage, in such a digitalization platform (will) allows the ongoing building-up of insights, knowledge and technical expertise associated to (optimized) vessels performance and all related functionalities as stated elsewhere. As the variety, veracity, volume and quality of the collected data, across the board, will be gradually enriched, enhanced and improved over time, allowing relevant stakeholders to gain real benefits, such as potentially reduced costs triggered by better and proactive vessels management, from such initiatives that might look and sound meaningless at the very beginning. The Paper builds upon the empirical evidence and relevant data associated to Tototheo Maritime’s, Digital Control Room and its associated Maritime Digitalization Platform that do provide, not only a state-of-the-art platform that facilitates visualization and snap-shot reporting functionalities but also modules upon which machine
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Giannoni, Luca, and Marino Mazzini. "Exposure to Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation: Is the Linear No-Threshold Model Valid?" In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30967.
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The risk assessment for population’s exposures to low doses and low dose-rates of ionizing radiation is still subject to clear uncertainties. The issue has outstanding societal importance in relation to radiologic occupational safety, medical applications of radiation, effects of the natural background radioactivity and the future of nuclear power, due to its particular influence on the public acceptance of this form of energy. This review article analyzes, in a critical, historical and bibliographical manner, the worldwide accepted hypothesis of linearity without a threshold dose (LNT model). As well known, it rejects, from its first proposal in 1946 by American geneticist and Nobel laureate Hermann J. Muller, the concept of zero-risk for exposures to any dose level of ionizing radiation. The starting point is the dose-effects relationship provided by this model and related risk’s excess graphic curve. The biological and physical motivations for the linearity assumption are argued and challenged by the explanation of human body’s natural defense mechanisms and its repair capacity of the radiation damage. Furthermore, the historical and political truthfulness of the LNT model is also contested by the review of a recent investigation by Prof. Edward Calabrese, regarding the lack of scientific sources behind Muller’s Nobel Prize Lecture. Calabrese’s inquiry demonstrates that Muller, at the moment of his declaration on LNT model’s validity, had experimental proofs contradicting his conclusions about the unacceptability of a threshold dose. This finding is of historical importance since Muller’s Nobel Lecture is a turning point in the acceptance of the linearity model in risk assessment by the major regulatory agencies till today. Finally, the results of many epidemiological and statistical studies are shown specifically. They give further evidences concerning the inapplicability of the LNT model and its overestimation of the risk for various cases of exposures to low doses of ionizing radiation in different fields. By that, hormesis model is also discussed, with its assumption of possible benefits for the organism following low dose exposures: a dose-response model characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition, which has been frequently observed in the aforementioned studies. The argumentations and the experimental evidences provided here challenge the validity of the LNT model. We contest the fact that its establishment is principally based on a cautionary philosophy on nuclear public safety, rather than on actual scientific comprehension of the phenomenon. As such, it implies an exaggerated conception of the radiological hazard. In particular, this article calls attention to the need for a deeper understanding of the biological impact of low doses of ionizing radiation and the development of further specific and exhaustive researches.
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Caniglia, Maria Rossana. "La Torre di San Francesco a Palmi nelle vedute di Edward Cheney del 1823: immagini di un baluardo scomparso del sistema difensivo vicereale della Calabria Ultra." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11479.
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The Tower of San Francesco in Palmi in the views of Edward Cheney of 1823: images of a disappeared bulwark of the viceregal defensive system of Calabria UltraTo oppose the phenomenon of waves of Turks threatening the most exposed areas of the Kingdom of Naples, the viceregal government ordered from 1535 the construction of a continuous and articulated chain of defensive coastal towers. In Calabria, on behalf of the Viceroy Pedro di Toledo, the Marquis Francesco Pignatelli developed a project to identify the most suitable and strategic sites where to build the towers along the Tyrrhenian and Ionian coasts. This network included 69 towers in Calabria Ultra and 33 in Calabria Citra, clearly visible from each other at a maximum distance of six thousand steps. Most of these towers have lost their original function over time, and after the taking of Algiers in 1830, some were used as customs posts or torri semaforiche, and then be permanently abandoned. Today almost all of them are ruins. The cartographic sources and above all the iconographic ones, testify the importance of this defensive system of towers suspended between the land and the sea and arranged one after the other, real sentinels of the Mediterranean. On this occasion, the focus is on the Tower of San Francesco, was probably built in 1565, in Capo Barbi in Palmi, along the Tyrrhenian side between Reggio Calabria and Capo Vaticano. The bulwark was destroyed in 1956. The Tower of San Francesco, as evidenced by historical cartography and the views of Antonio Minasi in 1779 and Richard Keppel Craven in 1821, was portrayed in three drawings made by Edward Cheney during his travel to Calabria in May 1823. These views identify the characteristics of the architectural typology of the tower and the relationships with the town of Palmi; to relate it to the coastal towers of Pietre Nere (Taureana) and Capo Rocchi (Bagnara); and finally to the landscape of the Costa Viola up to the Strait of Messina.
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Cardona, Fabio, Domenico Panno, and Antonio Piacentino. "Analysis of a Reciprocate Engine–Based Cogeneration Plant With High Temperature Heat Recovery for Industrial Uses." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82306.
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In consequence of the increasing awareness on the future scarcity of fossil energy sources and the global warming impact of energy conversion processes, the European Union has been planning several actions to enhance the efficiency of energy use and reduce the environmental impact. The declared goals of EU actions are synthetized in the 20-20-20 formula, consisting of an expected 20% increase of energy efficiency, a 20% contribution to the total energy supply by renewable sources and a 20% abatement of pollutant emissions. Applications of cogeneration in process industry can significantly contribute to achieve these targets. In this paper a reciprocate engine-based Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plant is presented, serving a pasta factory located in Sicily and installed by an Energy Service COmpany (ESCO) within the context of a national implementation scheme of Energy Saving Certificates (or “white certificates”). The CHP plant, with a 650 kWe capacity, currently covers a relevant fraction of the electric and high-temperature heat loads during peak hours, while it is switched off during off-peak hours because of the much lower electricity price. Heat content of flue gases is recovered by two cascaded gas-diathermic oil and diathermic oil-water heat exchangers; the superheated water obtained is then supplied to the pasta dryers. The first part of the paper provides a detailed plant description and an energetic analysis of historical performance data collected along the last two years of operation. Both the critical analysis of the lay-out and the evaluation of energy saving indicators reveal the current scheme to represent a sub-optimal solution for the particular application. In the second part of the paper a modified solution is simulated, consisting of the same CHP unit equipped with additional heat exchangers for heat recovery from the cooling water jacket circuit. The marginal energetic and economic benefits compared to the current plant setup are calculated; the results are presented in analytic and graphical form, coherently with the provisions of Directive 2004/8/EC and accounting separately for the different cost and revenues (fuel for the CHP unit and the supplementary boilers, electricity purchased from or supplied to the grid, taxes, etc.). The improved solution, designed to increase the thermal efficiency of the CHP unit by allowing a full exploitation of heat cascades, resulted to provide evident benefits and to make the CHP unit to comply with all the current legislative provisions for the assessment of highly efficient CHP plants. Margins for further improvements are also briefly discussed.
Reports on the topic "Historical sources - evidence"
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Atkinson, Dan, and Alex Hale, eds. From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.126.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four headings: 1. From Source to Sea: River systems, from their source to the sea and beyond, should form the focus for research projects, allowing the integration of all archaeological work carried out along their course. Future research should take a holistic view of the marine and maritime historic environment, from inland lakes that feed freshwater river routes, to tidal estuaries and out to the open sea. This view of the landscape/seascape encompasses a very broad range of archaeology and enables connections to be made without the restrictions of geographical or political boundaries. Research strategies, programmes From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report iii and projects can adopt this approach at multiple levels; from national to site-specific, with the aim of remaining holistic and cross-cutting. 2. Submerged Landscapes: The rising research profile of submerged landscapes has recently been embodied into a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action; Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf (SPLASHCOS), with exciting proposals for future research. Future work needs to be integrated with wider initiatives such as this on an international scale. Recent projects have begun to demonstrate the research potential for submerged landscapes in and beyond Scotland, as well as the need to collaborate with industrial partners, in order that commercially-created datasets can be accessed and used. More data is required in order to fully model the changing coastline around Scotland and develop predictive models of site survival. Such work is crucial to understanding life in early prehistoric Scotland, and how the earliest communities responded to a changing environment. 3. Marine & Maritime Historic Landscapes: Scotland’s coastal and intertidal zones and maritime hinterland encompass in-shore islands, trans-continental shipping lanes, ports and harbours, and transport infrastructure to intertidal fish-traps, and define understanding and conceptualisation of the liminal zone between the land and the sea. Due to the pervasive nature of the Marine and Maritime historic landscape, a holistic approach should be taken that incorporates evidence from a variety of sources including commercial and research archaeology, local and national societies, off-shore and onshore commercial development; and including studies derived from, but not limited to history, ethnology, cultural studies, folklore and architecture and involving a wide range of recording techniques ranging from photography, laser imaging, and sonar survey through to more orthodox drawn survey and excavation. 4. Collaboration: As is implicit in all the above, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches are essential in order to ensure the capacity to meet the research challenges of the marine and maritime historic environment. There is a need for collaboration across the heritage sector and beyond, into specific areas of industry, science and the arts. Methods of communication amongst the constituent research individuals, institutions and networks should be developed, and dissemination of research results promoted. The formation of research communities, especially virtual centres of excellence, should be encouraged in order to build capacity.
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Hall, Mark, and Neil Price. Medieval Scotland: A Future for its Past. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.165.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings. Underpinning all five areas is the recognition that human narratives remain crucial for ensuring the widest access to our shared past. There is no wish to see political and economic narratives abandoned but the need is recognised for there to be an expansion to more social narratives to fully explore the potential of the diverse evidence base. The questions that can be asked are here framed in a national context but they need to be supported and improved a) by the development of regional research frameworks, and b) by an enhanced study of Scotland’s international context through time. 1. From North Britain to the Idea of Scotland: Understanding why, where and how ‘Scotland’ emerges provides a focal point of research. Investigating state formation requires work from Medieval Scotland: a future for its past ii a variety of sources, exploring the relationships between centres of consumption - royal, ecclesiastical and urban - and their hinterlands. Working from site-specific work to regional analysis, researchers can explore how what would become ‘Scotland’ came to be, and whence sprang its inspiration. 2. Lifestyles and Living Spaces: Holistic approaches to exploring medieval settlement should be promoted, combining landscape studies with artefactual, environmental, and documentary work. Understanding the role of individual sites within wider local, regional and national settlement systems should be promoted, and chronological frameworks developed to chart the changing nature of Medieval settlement. 3. Mentalities: The holistic understanding of medieval belief (particularly, but not exclusively, in its early medieval or early historic phase) needs to broaden its contextual understanding with reference to prehistoric or inherited belief systems and frames of reference. Collaborative approaches should draw on international parallels and analogues in pursuit of defining and contrasting local or regional belief systems through integrated studies of portable material culture, monumentality and landscape. 4. Empowerment: Revisiting museum collections and renewing the study of newly retrieved artefacts is vital to a broader understanding of the dynamics of writing within society. Text needs to be seen less as a metaphor and more as a technological and social innovation in material culture which will help the understanding of it as an experienced, imaginatively rich reality of life. In archaeological terms, the study of the relatively neglected cultural areas of sensory perception, memory, learning and play needs to be promoted to enrich the understanding of past social behaviours. 5. Parameters: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches should be encouraged in order to release the research potential of all sectors of archaeology. Creative solutions should be sought to the challenges of transmitting the importance of archaeological work and conserving the resource for current and future research.
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Financial Stability Report - September 2015. Banco de la República, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2015.
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From this edition, the Financial Stability Report will have fewer pages with some changes in its structure. The purpose of this change is to present the most relevant facts of the financial system and their implications on the financial stability. This allows displaying the analysis more concisely and clearly, as it will focus on describing the evolution of the variables that have the greatest impact on the performance of the financial system, for estimating then the effect of a possible materialization of these risks on the financial health of the institutions. The changing dynamics of the risks faced by the financial system implies that the content of the Report adopts this new structure; therefore, some analyses and series that were regularly included will not necessarily be in each issue. However, the statistical annex that accompanies the publication of the Report will continue to present the series that were traditionally included, regardless of whether or not they are part of the content of the Report. In this way we expect to contribute in a more comprehensive way to the study and analysis of the stability of the Colombian financial system. Executive Summary During the first half of 2015, the main advanced economies showed a slow recovery on their growth, while emerging economies continued with their slowdown trend. Domestic demand in the United States allowed for stabilization on its average growth for the first half of the year, while other developed economies such as the United Kingdom, the euro zone, and Japan showed a more gradual recovery. On the other hand, the Chinese economy exhibited the lowest growth rate in five years, which has resulted in lower global dynamism. This has led to a fall in prices of the main export goods of some Latin American economies, especially oil, whose price has also responded to a larger global supply. The decrease in the terms of trade of the Latin American economies has had an impact on national income, domestic demand, and growth. This scenario has been reflected in increases in sovereign risk spreads, devaluations of stock indices, and depreciation of the exchange rates of most countries in the region. For Colombia, the fall in oil prices has also led to a decline in the terms of trade, resulting in pressure on the dynamics of national income. Additionally, the lower demand for exports helped to widen the current account deficit. This affected the prospects and economic growth of the country during the first half of 2015. This economic context could have an impact on the payment capacity of debtors and on the valuation of investments, affecting the soundness of the financial system. However, the results of the analysis featured in this edition of the Report show that, facing an adverse scenario, the vulnerability of the financial system in terms of solvency and liquidity is low. The analysis of the current situation of credit institutions (CI) shows that growth of the gross loan portfolio remained relatively stable, as well as the loan portfolio quality indicators, except for microcredit, which showed a decrease in these indicators. Regarding liabilities, traditional sources of funding have lost market share versus non-traditional ones (bonds, money market operations and in the interbank market), but still represent more than 70%. Moreover, the solvency indicator remained relatively stable. As for non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the slowdown observed during the first six months of 2015 in the real annual growth of the assets total, both in the proprietary and third party position, stands out. The analysis of the main debtors of the financial system shows that indebtedness of the private corporate sector has increased in the last year, mostly driven by an increase in the debt balance with domestic and foreign financial institutions. However, the increase in this latter source of funding has been influenced by the depreciation of the Colombian peso vis-à-vis the US dollar since mid-2014. The financial indicators reflected a favorable behavior with respect to the historical average, except for the profitability indicators; although they were below the average, they have shown improvement in the last year. By economic sector, it is noted that the firms focused on farming, mining and transportation activities recorded the highest levels of risk perception by credit institutions, and the largest increases in default levels with respect to those observed in December 2014. Meanwhile, households have shown an increase in the financial burden, mainly due to growth in the consumer loan portfolio, in which the modalities of credit card, payroll deductible loan, revolving and vehicle loan are those that have reported greater increases in risk indicators. On the side of investments that could be affected by the devaluation in the portfolio of credit institutions and non-banking financial institutions (NBFI), the largest share of public debt securities, variable-yield securities and domestic private debt securities is highlighted. The value of these portfolios fell between February and August 2015, driven by the devaluation in the market of these investments throughout the year. Furthermore, the analysis of the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) shows that all intermediaries showed adequate levels and exhibit a stable behavior. Likewise, the fragility analysis of the financial system associated with the increase in the use of non-traditional funding sources does not evidence a greater exposure to liquidity risk. Stress tests assess the impact of the possible joint materialization of credit and market risks, and reveal that neither the aggregate solvency indicator, nor the liquidity risk indicator (LRI) of the system would be below the established legal limits. The entities that result more individually affected have a low share in the total assets of the credit institutions; therefore, a risk to the financial system as a whole is not observed. José Darío Uribe Governor