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McLemore, Laura Lyons 1950. "Creating a Mythistory: Texas Historians in the Nineteenth Century." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278988/.
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Many historians have acknowledged the temptation to portray people as they see themselves and wish to be seen, blending history and ideology. The result is "mythistory." Twentieth century Texas writers and historians, remarking upon the exceptional durability of the Texas mythistory that emerged from the nineteenth century, have questioned its resistance to revision throughout the twentieth century. By placing the writing of Texas history within the context of American and European intellectual climates
and history writing generally, from the close of the eighteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth, it is possible to identify a pattern that provides some insight into the popularity and persistence of Texas mythistory.
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Bennett, Joshua Maxwell Redford. "Doctrine, progress and history : British religious debate, 1845-1914." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:299ba472-2a9c-488c-a8de-12ac55acc4ea.
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Religion and history became closely related in new ways in the Victorian imagination. This thesis asks why this was so, by focusing on arguments within British Protestant culture over progress and development in the history of Christianity. In an intellectual movement approximately beginning with the 1845 publication of John Henry Newman's 'Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine', and powerfully spreading and developing until the earlier years of the twentieth century, British intellectuals came to treat the history of religion - both as a past and present process, and as a didactic genre - as a vital element of broader attempts to stabilise or reconstruct religious belief and social order. Religious revivalists, determined to use church history as a raw material for the inculcation of exclusive confessional identities and dogmatic theology, were highly successful in pressing it on the attention of early Victorian audiences. But they proved unable to control its meaning. Historians rose to prominence who instead interpreted the history of Christianity as a guide to how religious culture, which many treated as indistinguishable from society as a whole, might eventually supersede denominational and dogmatic divisions. Humanity's spiritual development in time, which numerous British critics assessed with the aid of German Idealist thought, also became an attractive apologetic resource as the epistemological basis of Christian belief came under unprecedented public challenge. A major part of that danger was perceived to come from rival, avowedly secularising interpretations of human social progress. Such accounts - the ancestors of twentieth-century secularisation theory - were vigorously opposed by historians who understood modernity as involving not the decline, but the purification of Christianity. By exploring the ways in which Victorian critics - clerical and lay, religious and secular - approached religious history as a resource for solving the problems of their own age, this thesis offers a new way of understanding the importance of history, claims to knowledge, and the nature and ends of 'liberalism' in the long nineteenth century.
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Halbwidl, Dieter Anton. "The teaching of history at the Habsburg Universities of Vienna, Graz and Innsbruck, compared to Padova and Pavia between 1848 and 1855 /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/NQ44449.pdf.
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Steinberg, Oded Yair. "The illusion of finality : time and community in the writings of E.A. Freeman, J.B. Bury and the English-Teutonic circle of historians." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3920bcbb-2ab2-4daf-97a1-9bb63512322c.
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This thesis aims to show, how periodization and race converged vigorously during the nineteenth century. The research focuses mainly on the question of how nineteenth century historians viewed the transformation from Antiquity to the Middle Ages. For many scholars, the year 476 A.D. became associated with the fall of Rome. During the nineteenth century, historians elaborated two main arguments: 1) 'The Roman' emphasized the decline that had occurred after the fall of Rome. 2) 'The Teutonic' signified the rejuvenation which the German tribes had brought about in the decaying Empire. Although I relate to the 'Roman' argument, the heart of the discussion is devoted to the 'Teutonic' school that was supported not only by German but also by British or more accurately English historians. The first part of the dissertation is devoted to the theme of 'Community and Race'. In this part, I engage with the thematic question of how the historians of the second half of the nineteenth century constructed past and present communities through the concept of race. A close community or Gemeinschaft of English and German historians emerged during the middle of the nineteenth century. Based on the concept of Teutonic kinship, this community emphasized the notions of race and historical time, which actually invented a new sense of belonging. The English and the Germans were one, an almost indivisible community founded on a purported notion of race. Despite several national or particularistic inclinations, these nations had a common Teutonic past, which always bonded them together. Therefore, the historians 'imagined' a new ultimate transnational (racial) community of belonging. In the second part I study the theme of 'Time'. The linkage between the two parts is embedded in the idea of the Community as a 'Time Maker'. Namely, in what manner does the construction of a community by the historians defines the division of time. The chapter that links the two themes of 'Community' and 'Time' examines the writings of scholars in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries who underlined the Germanic invasions of the 4th and 5th centuries A.D. as the events that symbolized the fall of Rome and the end of Antiquity. This governing observation is connected directly with the racial Teutonic feelings that were prevalent among English and German historians. The discussion of it set the framework for the following chapters, which delve into the distinct periodization's of Edward Augustus Freeman (1823-92) and John Bagnell Bury (1861-1927). These historians, who were in constant and close contact until the death of Freeman in 1892, reveal similarities as well as major differences in their historical writings. The main reason why they were chosen derives from the new periodization which they had adopted. Both of them devised a method that signified a departure from the accepted and almost 'sacred' division between Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
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Schneider, Hannah. "L’Église au péril de l’histoire. Les Histoires de l’Église françaises et allemandes au XIXe (1801-1914) siècle : usages partisans du passé ?" Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30072.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse aux Histoires de l’Église françaises et allemandes du XIXe siècle (1801-1914) destinées aux futurs prêtres ou pasteurs amenés à fréquenter les lieux de formation théologique. Le choix d’un double prisme de comparaison – bi-confessionnel (catholique et protestant) et binational (français et allemand) permet de s’interroger sur la dimension identitaire de l’historiographie ecclésiastique et de déterminer quelle appropriation ou instrumentalisation est faite de l’histoire de l’Église. La différence principale entre auteurs catholiques allemands et français tient à leur formation – les premiers évoluant surtout dans les facultés de théologie étatiques, les deuxièmes étant formés dans les grands séminaires – qui influe sur la conception des manuels. L’évocation d’ennemis de l’Église, davantage rhétorique dans la première moitié du siècle, se concrétise dans la deuxième moitié du siècle sous l’influence des conflits entre l’État et l’Église (lois scolaires en France, Kulturkampf en Allemagne). Dans l’étude thématique et le traitement de sujets sensibles, au-delà de la dimension érudite de certaines controverses, apparaissent des enjeux ecclésiastiques ou politiques de l’histoire de l’Église (notamment dans le contexte du Concile de Vatican I). Il ressort de l’étude de plusieurs épisodes de l’Église ancienne qu’auteurs catholiques et protestants n’achoppent pas sur les mêmes épisodes, car la signification ou le poids de l’Antiquité tardive n’est pas le même selon les confessions. La justification et l’explication de la conduite des évêques de Rome, comme Libère et Honorius par exemple, importent à la plupart des auteurs catholiques, nombreux à fustiger l’instrumentalisation du sujet par les adversaires de l’Église contrairement à leurs homologues protestants. Le contrôle du discours historique produit par le clergé catholique doit être vu comme une interaction de plusieurs dynamiques : contrôle des autorités ecclésiastiques en amont et en aval de la publication (exemplarité de quelques cas de livres censurés par la Congrégation de l’Index), implication des maisons d’éditions qui reproduisent les traces du contrôle ecclésiastique comme des garants d’orthodoxie, réception par la presse<br>This study is based on French and German church histories of the 19th century (1801-1914) used by future priests or pastors in context of their theological education. By choosing a double prism for comparison - bi-confessional (Catholic and Protestant) and bi-national (French and German), the study focuses on the identity dimension and instrumentalization of ecclesiastical historiography and church history. The main difference between German and French Catholic authors is due to their educational training. While most German authors study in state faculties of theology, their French counterparts mostly study in seminaries and this difference influences the conception of the textbooks. During the first half of the century authors invoke so-called 'enemies of the church' mostly in a rhetorical way but during the second half of the century these invocations take on a more concrete character in context of state-church conflicts such as the school laws in France or the Kulturkampf in Germany. The content analysis did not only reveal controversies among scholars. In context of the First Vatican Council for example some controversies of history have a political or religious dimension as well.It emerges from the study of the chapters dedicated to the history of the ancient church that Catholic and Protestant authors are not always concerned about the same topics. Depending on the confession, the significance and the force of what we now call Late Antiquity is not the same.While this is not a priority for Protestant authors, most of their Catholic counterparts feel the need to justify and/or explain the actions of bishops of Rome such as Liberius or Honorius for example, or to insist on the instrumentalization of the topic by enemies of the church. The control of historical discourse produced by Catholic clergymen is to be understood as an interaction of several dynamics: control by the church authorities before and after a book is published (with exemplary censorship of certain books by the Congregation of the Index), publishing houses using ecclesiastical control to prove the orthodoxy of their books and reception by the press
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Van, Patten Janice. "An Honest Title to American Territory: John Romeyn Brodhead and the Resurrection of Dutch Colonial Past in the 19th Century." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2009. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/948.
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Bohannon, Jeanne Law. ""Here in the To-Day, Forgotten in the To-Morrow:" Re-covering and Re-membering the Feminist Rhetorics of 19-Century Actress and Author Adah Menken." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_diss/96.
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This dissertation project, which recovers the feminist invention of 19th-century actress and author Adah Menken, proves the efficacy of conducting historigraphic recoveries of heretofore forgotten and elided female rhetors. I situate Adah’s visual and written performances within the materiality of Victorian social codes, positioning her as a feminist commentator worthy of inclusion in our remembrances of feminist discourses. I use archival sources including carte de visites (CDVs) and Adah’s letters and poetry as heuristics for gendered critique, to analyze how she resisted the master narrative of Victorian society and its accompanying codes governing public and private feminine behavior. My objectives are three-fold: to use archival recovery as a method to unearth and evaluate what feminist inquiry can accomplish; to argue for the feminist intentions of a previously unknown female writer; and to offer an opportunity to discover cross-disciplinary connections for rhetorical recoveries. Feminist inquiry is itself an exemplar of rhetorical invention, the idea of making a path. In my dissertation project, I illustrate how Adah Menken blazed a path in her personal and public rhetorics. For my principal goal of asserting Adah’s importance as a feminist rhetor, I use primary sources to demonstrate that her invention and resistance provide fertile ground for vital feminist inquiry. As a secondary means of asserting the significance of archival feminist research, I also offer my Adah Menken recovery as a case study for examining ideas of resistance and subversion to dominant master narratives. For this application, I use Judith Butler’s theory of performativity and Michel Foucault’s ideas surrounding the topic of resistance. Ultimately, the convergence of theoretical and practical applications for rhetorical recoveries, both of which I describe in-depth in my dissertation, serve to re-connect fields of inquiry and make them relevant to scholars across the Academe.
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Petrarca, Ronald. "Anton Nyström's Defense of Homosexuality." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Historia, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-5170.
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In 1919 Anton Nyström became the first person in Sweden to publish a comprehensive defense of homosexuality. He believed that its classification as a mental illness was erroneous and that Sweden's law against homosexual sex was both irrational and cruel. Nyström was a physician whose work in the medical area dealt primarily with dermatology, psychiatry and human sexuality; however he was also a prolific historian, who took a staunchly anti-Christian view in his analysis of how Christianity affected European culture, especially in the area of sexual morality. In fact, much of Nyström's medical texts dealing with human sexuality consisted of anti-Christian cultural and historical commentary. The object of this "C-uppsats" is to analyze Nyström's pamphlet, Om Homosexualitet och Hermafroditi: Belysning af Missförstådda Existenser and illustrate how its defensive structure was consistent with the pattern used by the author in his other books and articles on human sexuality. Specifically, that irrational and neurotic Christian beliefs caused both mental and physical suffering and were the source of deleterious forms of morality. Additionally, this paper will also show that the solution Nyström had for the problem of negative and erroneous attitudes towards homosexuality was to replace the sodomitic view of homosexuality with one based upon a more rational and naturalistic belief system, the basis of which could be found in the pre-Christian cultures of Europe, most especially in Greece. This new conception was to be constructed primarily out of historical example and cultural analyses. For Nyström, history writing was used both as a weapon to fight the source of negative attitudes towards homosexuality, as well as a tool that could be used to build a positive cultural model which would be beneficial for homosexuals.
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Rhodes, Anthony. "Jacob Burckhardt: History and the Greeks in the Modern Context." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/279.
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In the following study I reappraise the nineteenth century Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt (1818-1897). Burckhardt is traditionally known for having served as the elder colleague and one-time muse of Friedrich Nietzsche at the University of Basel and so his ideas are often considered, by comparison, outmoded or inapposite to contemporary currents of thought. My research explodes this conception by abandoning the presumption that Burckhardt was in some sense "out of touch" with modernity. By following and significantly expanding upon the ideas of historians such as Allan Megill, Lionel Gossman, Hayden White, Joseph Mali, John Hinde and Richard Sigurdson, among others, I am able to portray Burckhardt as conversely inaugurating a historiography laden with elements of insightful social criticism. Such criticisms are in fact bolstered by virtue of their counter-modern characteristic. Burckhardt reveals in this way a perspicacity that both anticipates Nietzsche's own critique of modernity and in large part moves well beyond him. Much of this analysis is devised through a genealogical approach to Burckhardt which places him squarely within a cohesive branch of post-Kantian thought that I have called heterodox post-Kantianism. My study revaluates Burckhardt through the alembic of a "discursive" post-Kantian turn which reinvests many of his outré ideas, including his radical appropriation of historical representation, his non-teleological historiography, his various pessimistic inclinations, and additionally, his non-empirical, "aesthetic" study of history, or "mythistory," with a newfound philosophical germaneness. While I survey the majority of Burckhardt's output in the course of my work, I invest a specific focus in his largely unappreciated Greek lectures (given in 1869 but only published in English in full at the end of the twentieth century). Burckhardt's "dark" portrayal of the Greeks serves to not only upset traditional conceptions of antiquity but also the manner in which self-conception is informed through historical inquiry. Burckhardt returns us then to an altogether repressed antiquity: to a hidden, yet internal "dream of a shadow." My analysis culminates with an attempt to reassess the place of Burckhardt's ideas for modernity and to correspondingly reexamine Nietzsche. In particular, I highlight the disparity between Nietzsche's and Burckhardt's reception of the "problem of power," including the latter's reluctance - which was attended by ominous and highly prescient predictions of future large-scale wars and the steady "massification" of western society - to accept Nietzsche's acclamation of a final "will to power." Burckhardt teaches us the value of history as an active counterforce to dominant modern reality-formations and in doing so, his work rehabilitates the relevance of history for a world which, as Burckhardt once noted, suffers today from a superfluity of present-mindedness.
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Pacheco, Vanessa Moraes. "Miguel Luís Amunátegui e o debate histórico no Chile do século XIX." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-14012013-175755/.
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A presente dissertação de mestrado desenvolve um estudo sobre Descobrimiento i Conquista de Chile, Los Precursores de la Independencia de Chile e La Crónica de 1810, de Miguel Luís Amunátegui (1828-1888). Essas obras foram publicadas entre 1861 e 1889 e abrangem quase a totalidade de sua trajetória intelectual e política. Além disso, constituem contribuições pioneiras, dentro do âmbito profissional e acadêmico, de uma interpretação coerente e sistematizada sobre o passado e a independência do Chile. Este trabalho discute o contexto político e cultural em que essas obras foram escritas, investigando como seu modelo historiográfico se aproxima ou se distancia dos predominantes em seu tempo. Busca também refletir sobre a maneira pela qual Amunátegui traduziu, em suas interpretações históricas, sua luta política em prol do liberalismo. Trata-se, enfim, de lançar luz sobre um importante legado da escrita da História no Chile do século XIX.<br>The Masters thesis herein presented develops a study of Descobrimiento i Conquista de Chile, Los Precursores de la Independencia de Chile and La Crónica de 1810, by Miguel Luís Amunátegui (1828-1888). Published between 1861 and 1889, these books encompass most of his historical and political thinking. They also figure among the first contributions to the professional and academic scenario which presented a coherent, systematized interpretation of Chiles past and independence. This article approaches the cultural and political scenario in which they were written, investigating how their historiographic model relates to the predominant ones in his days. It is also an attempt to reflect upon how Amunátegui applied his liberal-oriented political struggle into his historical interpretations. Eventually, this article aims at shedding light on an important legacy for Chiles History writing in the 19th century.
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Tarafás, Imre. "Versenyző történeti narratívák az Osztrák-Magyar birodalomban : politika és a történelem jövőképei (1867-1914)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0134.
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L’objectif de la thèse est l’analyse comparative des historiographies austro-allemande et hongroise, en effleurant l’historiographie tchèque, entre 1867 et 1914. Les questions fondamentales de la légitimité de l’empire supranational et de la coexistence des sociétés nationales ayant un passé conflictuel sont examinées dans les différents Grands récits. Les sources principales sont les Grands récits austro-allemand, hongrois et tchèque, publiés entre 1867 et 1914 avec le but de façonner la mémoire collective directement. Les représentations réciproques des rôles et missions historiques, ainsi que l’utilisation des notions-clés relatives à la loyauté politique y sont examinées. La question principale est de savoir dans quelle mesure ces Grands récits historiques sont compatibles les uns avec les autres, et de voir s’ils offrent un pacte mémoriel permettant la coexistence au sein d’un empire commun. Pour répondre à cette question, il ne suffit pas de s’en remettre aux Grands récits ; les différents raisonnements historiques des pamphlets politiques austro-allemands et hongrois de l’époque traitant l’arrangement dualiste sont analysés en effleurant les Tchèques, ainsi que les buts idéologiques de la science historique chez ces trois groupes. Dans le cas hongrois et austro-allemand, l’usage des notions-clés comme nation, nationalité, Vaterland, Gesamtstaat ou encore Östrerreich, est également analysé. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous examinons comment la discipline, qui a revendiqué avec de plus en plus de succès, le droit du discours légitime sur le passé, se rapportait, d’une manière plutôt implicite, aux constructions historiques différentes de la sphère politique. Les catégories les plus importantes de l’analyse sont, au-delà du pacte mémoriel, le canon et le master narrative. La conclusion la plus importante est que, dans les Grands récits hongrois, les principaux éléments du master narrative des hommes politiques indépendantistes prévalent, chez l’« aulique » Fraknói aussi bien que chez l’indépendantiste Acsády. De plus, l’ordre des valeurs trouvées dans les récits hongrois donne une place centrale à l’indépendance. Chez les auteurs austro-allemands, c’est la diversité qui saute aux yeux lors de l’analyse des sources. Nous n’y trouvons pas de consensus même à propos de plusieurs notions de base (comme, par exemple, le Gesamtstaat). Pour cette raison, il ne s’agit pas de transmettre une quelconque idéologie impériale dépassée, mais plutôt de l’absence d’une idéologie impériale uniformément transmise, bien qu’il n’y ait pas de sentiment anti-autrichien ouvert non plus. L’image de l’Autriche chez l’auteur tchèque examiné, Josef Pekař, est essentiellement identique à celle de František Palacký qui insiste sur un arrangement fédéral et sur la reconnaissance de l’État tchèque. En même temps, on ne peut pas démontrer une sympathie envers les Slaves de Hongrie chez Pekař. En examinant les rapports des Grands récits entre eux, on constate que les récits impériaux n’ont pas servi de master narrative pour les auteurs hongrois ou tchèques. Pour cela, les interprétations du passé par les historiens examinés étaient trop diverses et s’opposaient même dans des questions fondamentales. Ainsi, un pacte mémoriel n’a pas pu naître. De plus, l’incertitude conceptuelle des récits impériaux nous rappelle de ne pas exagérer la thèse de la viabilité de l’Empire, suggérée récemment par plusieurs auteurs éminents<br>The purpose of the thesis is a comparative analysis of Austro-German and Hungarian historiographies with a glance at Czech historiography between 1867 and 1914. The basic question of the legitimacy of the supra-national empire and those of the co-existence of national societies with conflicts in the past are examined in the various historical narratives. The main sources are the Austro-German, Hungarian and Czech Grand récits published between 1867 and 1914 with the aim of directly shaping collective memory. The representations of the historical role and mission of each other and their views of key notions relating to political loyalty are examined. The main questions are aimed at determining to what extent these historical narratives are compatible with each other, and whether they provide a pacte mémoriel permitting the co-existence within a common empire. To assess this question, it is not enough to rely on historical narratives; therefore the historical reasoning of Austro-German and Hungarian pamphlets, discussing the dualistic arrangement are also analysed, with a glance at the Czechs. In the Hungarian and Austro-German contexts, the contemporary use of such key notions of political loyalty as nemzet, Vaterland, Mutterland or Österreich is also presented. The second part of the thesis analyses the ways in which historiography, which vindicated the right to the legitimate discourse on the past, approached these different historical constructions, mainly implicitly. The main concepts of the analysis were those of the canon, the master narrative and the pacte mémoriel. According to the main results of the research, in the Hungarian Grand Récits, the essential element of the independentists’ master narrative prevails over that of the partisans of the Ausgleich. This is true of Vilmos Fraknói, an author loyal to the dynasty and Austria, as well as of Ignác Acsády, who is leaning towards an independentist world view. Moreover, the scale of values found in these works place the independence as the most valuable possession of a nation. In the case of the Austro-German authors, the diversity of the corpus was striking, even in the case of basic notions (such as the Gesamtstaat) no consensus could be detected. In the work of the Czech author analysed in the thesis, Josef Pekar, we find an image of Austria which is greatly similar to the one in Frantisek Palacky’s political pamphlets in which Palacky advocates for a federal system and the recognition of the Bohemian state rights. However, Pekar does not share Palacky’s sympathies for the Slavic minotities of Hungary. Comparing the different historical narratives with each other, it can be concluded that the imperial histories did not serve as a master narrative for Hungarian and Czech authors. The interpretations of the past by the historians examined were too divers for that, they clashed in basic questions. In consequence, a pacte mémoriel could not be realized. Furthermore, the uncertainties regarding some key notions in the imperial histories is a warning not to exaggerate the thesis of the viability of the Empire, recently brought forward by several excellent authors
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Kelley, William Frank. "Intellectuals and the Eastern question : 'historical-mindedness' and 'kin beyond sea', c. 1875-1880." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fa39dda1-6c64-4ac0-860c-37c0ffdd6ecd.
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The intractable problems posed by the decline of the Ottoman Empire were a defining feature of the nineteenth-century British experience. Events such as the Greek War of Independence (1821-32), the Crimean War (1853-5), and the Bulgarian Agitation (1876-8) were merely prominent denouements in the protracted history of what contemporaries called 'the Eastern Question'. The Eastern Question could be construed in many ways and admitted many answers. But by the 1870s, many Victorians had come to construe the Eastern Question as primarily an historical question. This thesis explores the ways in which Victorian public intellectuals brought 'historical-mindedness' to bear on the Eastern Question. Nineteenth-century historiography, it is suggested, may often be understood as a variety of contemporary political thought. Part One takes the historian E.A. Freeman, one of the Bulgarian Agitation's leaders, as its subject. Studied in depth, Freeman becomes a window onto how nineteenth-century intellectuals could experience and understand the Eastern Question. Part Two turns to the remarkable efflorescence of historical writing elicited by the so-called Eastern Crisis of 1875-80, investigating how historical arguments were invoked not merely in history books but also in newspaper reports, politically-freighted travel writing, and above all in periodical articles, over two-hundred of which are studied here. When Gladstone invoked the authority of 'the historical school of England' to criticise Lord Beaconsfield during this period, he did so advisedly, for historians both lay and professional were remarkably unanimous in their interpretation of events in south-eastern Europe. Drawing on the insights of comparative philology and often sympathetic to Eastern Orthodoxy for reasons of religion, these historians tended to emphasise the Balkan Christians' European identity, situating them within teleological narratives of progress which evoke contemporaneous Whig histories of England.
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Warmenbol, Eugène. "Le lotus et l'oignon: l'égyptologie et l'égyptomanie en Belgique au XIXème siècle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211866.
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Polachini, Bruna Soares. "Uma história serial e conceitual da gramática brasileira oitocentista de língua portuguesa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-06072018-120101/.
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Nesta tese, que se propôs a explorar as gramáticas brasileiras do português publicadas no século XIX, tivemos três objetivos. O primeiro foi realizar um mapeamento exaustivo da produção gramatical brasileira do português do século XIX, o qual foi feito por meio de fontes secundárias e catálogos de bibliotecas. Tivemos conhecimento de 127 títulos e 77 reedições, o que resulta em duzentas gramáticas. A partir dos dados coletados, que, em geral, eram título, subtítulo, autor, ano de publicação, local e casa impressora, formalizamos unidades de análise para, ao relacioná-las, por meio da metodologia da História Serial (Furet 1991, Barros 2005), realizar um mapeamento descritivo e interpretativo dessa produção. Nosso segundo objetivo, tendo selecionado, com base em quatro critérios combinados (prestígio, emergência, institucionalização e diálogo), dezoito exemplares (16 títulos, 2 reedições) dos duzentos e quatro de que tivemos conhecimento, foi de realizar uma análise orientada para os conteúdos dessas obras, organizada em torno de uma possível rede conceitual. A hipótese dessa análise, baseada em Auroux (2009[1992]) e Swiggers (2010), é de que alguns conceitos poderiam ser eixo de uma rede conceitual devido à sua influência técnica e, eventualmente teórica, em uma determinada tradição de descrição linguística. Essa hipótese surgiu nos resultados de nossa pesquisa de mestrado, em que, ao notar a complexidade da dimensão técnica (cf. Swiggers 2004) de algumas obras dessa tradição, pensamos ser necessário procurar meios de tornar sua análise mais homogênea (cf. Polachini 2013, Polachini 2016). Para testá-la, examinamos o conceito-chave de \'verbo substantivo\' apresentado nas obras selecionadas, que são amiúde influenciadas pela tradição da grammaire générale francesa, ao menos até 1880, quando passa a haver também influência do método histórico-comparativo (cf. Maciel 1910, Nascentes 1939, Elia 1975, Cavaliere 2001, Parreira 2011, Polachini 2013). Ademais, foi necessário formalizar uma metodologia a fim de reconhecer a rede conceitual em torno do verbo substantivo. Primeiramente, definimos conceitos gramaticais como sendo formados por meio de processos classificatórios da cadeia falada. Tais processos têm como produto, por um lado, termos, e, por outro, conceitos. Estes últimos podem ser analisados intensionalmente, por meio de sua definição e seu lugar numa determinada taxonomia, ou extensionalmente, considerando o inventário de dados linguísticos eleitos como exemplos e eventuais ilustrações desses dados em uso. Cada conceito é, portanto, analisado por meio das seguintes categorias: definição, taxonomia, exemplos, ilustrações e por seus termos. Consideramos rede conceitual as relações travadas entre o conceito-chave, verbo substantivo, e conceitos que, na tradição da grammaire générale teriam já alguma relação com o verbo substantivo (cf. Chevalier 1968; Colombat 1992; Raby 2000; Bouard 2007), a saber: gramática e linguagem, metaclasses e classes de palavras, modificadores do nome, verbo, oração (seus elementos e sua organização) apresentadas nas obras. Essas relações podem ser de quatro tipos: (1) equivalência; (2) intersecção (3) subordinação; (4) base teórica comum. Finalmente, distinguimos no texto gramatical a descrição linguística, que chamamos de texto, e as ampliações, reflexões ou críticas realizadas sobre essa descrição, que chamamos de metatexto. Tal metodologia nos permitiu uma visão mais clara e homogênea da dimensão técnica das obras (e de seu eventual ecletismo), além de proporcionar uma visão mais complexa de continuidades e descontinuidades dessa produção, que contrasta com aquelas das revisões históricas. Ademais, os resultados apontam também para: relações entre agendas dos autores ao publicarem suas gramáticas e seu ecletismo. Nossa terceira proposta foi de que esta tese fosse não apenas uma historiografia, mas também uma epihistoriografia dessa tradição. Assim, apresentamos dois apêndices: um com informações catalográficas das 204 gramáticas de que tivemos conhecimento, organizadas cronologicamente; e outro com os paratextos das dezoito obras analisadas.<br>In this thesis, which approached the Brazilian grammars of Portuguese published in the 19th century, we had three objectives. The first one was to conduct a comprehensive mapping of the Brazilian grammatical production on Portuguese in the 19th century, which we carried out through secondary sources and library catalogs. We have acknowledged 127 titles and 77 re-editions, which total two hundred grammars. From the data collected, which generally consisted of title, subtitle, author, year published, publisher city and publisher name, we built standardized units of analysis so that, when analyzing their relations among one another, we conducted a descriptive and interpretative mapping of this production, adopting the methodology of Serial History (Furet 1991, Barros 2005). By selecting eighteen grammars (16 titles, 2 re-editions) out of the acknowledged two hundred works, based on four combined criteria (prestige, emergence, institutionalization and dialog), our second object was to carry out an analysis oriented to the content of these selected works, organized under a possible conceptual network. The hypothesis of this analysis, based on Auroux (2009[1992]) and Swiggers (2010), is that some concepts could work as an axis of a conceptual network due to their technical, and sometimes theoretical, influence on a specific tradition of linguistic description. This hypothesis was raised in the results of our masters research, in which, by realizing the complexity of some of this traditions grammars technical dimension (cf. Swiggers 2004), we thought it to be necessary to find ways of turning the analysis more homogeneous (cf. Polachini 2013, Polachini 2016). In order to test its effectiveness, we examined the key concept of verbo substantivo (literally: substantive verb), presented in the selected works, which are frequently influenced by the tradition of the French grammaire générale, at least until 1880, when the influence of the historical-comparative method started to take place (cf. Maciel 1910, Nascentes 1939, Elia 1975, Cavaliere 2001, Parreira 2011, Polachini 2013). Moreover, it was necessary to formalize a methodology in order to recognize the conceptual network around the verbo substantivo. First, we defined the grammatical concepts as being formed through classifying processes of spoken speech. These processes have as products, on one side, terms and, on the other, concepts. The latter can be analyzed intentionally, through its definition and its places in a specific taxonomy, or extensionally, considering the inventory of linguistic data considered as examples and any illustrations of these data in use. Each concept is, therefore, analyzed through the following categories: definition, taxonomy, examples, illustrations and by its terms. We considered as conceptual network the relations between the key concept, verbo substantivo, and concepts that, in the grammaire génerales tradition would already have some relation to the verbo substantivo (cf. Chevalier 1968; Colombat 1992; Raby 2000; Bouard 2007), such as: grammar and language, metaclasses and parts of speech, noun modifiers, verb, clause (its elements and organization) presented in the grammars. These relations can be of three types: (1) identity; (2) intersection; (3) subordination; (4) shared theoretical background. Finally, in the grammatical text, we distinguished the linguistic description, which we called text, from its expansions, reflections and critical comments on this description, which we called metatext. Such methodology allowed a clearer and more homogeneous view of the technical dimension of the works analyzed (and their often eclecticism), in addition to providing a more complex view of continuities and discontinuities of this production, which contrasts with those of the historical reviews. Furthermore, the results also point to: relations between the authors schedules when publishing their grammars and their eclecticism; and the metatexts role between teaching and linguistic reflection. Our third objective was to make this thesis not only a historiography but also a epihistoriography of this tradition. Thus, we presented two appendices: one with cataloging information of the two hundred grammars which we acknowledged, organized chronologically; and another one with the paratexts of the eighteen works analyzed.
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Jolivet, Anna. "Représentations de l'école vénitienne en France au XIXe siècle : une écriture de l'histoire de l'art entre enjeux artistiques, scientifiques et idéologiques." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00779462.
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Cette thèse est un travail historiographique qui découle d'une étude des textes consacrés à la peinture vénitienne, publiés en français entre 1800 et 1914. Tout en considérant ces documents dans leur diversité (ouvrages savants ou de vulgarisation, récits de voyages), il s'agit de les replacer dans un contexte de formation de l'histoire de l'art comme champ autonome de connaissances. Car du fait de son statut encore incertain au XIXe siècle, la discipline se nourrit d'une littérature variée, et jette dans le même temps les fondements d'un savoir institutionnalisé. La notion d'école de peinture apparaît comme une catégorie de ce savoir et permet de concevoir la peinture vénitienne comme un phénomène singulier et cohérent. Envisagée pour son coloris, cette école est perçue comme le lieu d'une sensualité qui nie les exigences d'une doctrine héritée du classicisme. Les historiens de l'art du XIXe siècle mettent en place un appareil argumentatif et rhétorique visant à donner à leur discours une légitimité scientifique. Dès la moitié du siècle, l'usage d'une méthode scientiste permet d'expliquer la peinture vénitienne par des justifications sociales, climatiques ou raciales. Au sein du raisonnement qui démontre la nature anticlassique de l'école vénitienne, il convient aussi de considérer les arguments fournis par l'Orientalisme et par l'histoire de l'art flamand et hollandais, qui par un rapprochement avec Venise, éloignent encore sa peinture du modèle classique. Mais il importe par ailleurs de relever les ouvertures du discours qui infléchissent cette pensée dominante. La confrontation de la peinture vénitienne avec les nouvelles formes d'art contemporain - Romantisme, Impressionnisme, Symbolisme - permet d'en faire un lieu d'identification pour la modernité picturale. Enfin, les revendications identitaires qui parcourent une Italie en quête d'indépendance et une France hostile à la Prusse après la guerre de 1870, participent autour de 1900 à caractériser l'école vénitienne comme un lieu d'ancrage d'une identité classique, latine et/ou chrétienne résistant à la menace germanique.
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Schreiner, Michelle. "Jules Michelet e a historia que ressuscita e da vida aos homens : uma leitura da emergencia do ¿povo¿ no cenario historiografico frances da primeira metade do seculo XIX." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279872.
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Orientador: Maria Stella Martins Bresciani<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T19:23:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2005<br>Resumo: Para Jules Michelet, alguns literatos, como Honoré de Balzac, Eugène Sue e George Sand, caracterizam o ¿povo¿ de forma degradante, diferindo de uma literatura anterior, de fins do século XVIII e início do XIX, que devia se afirmar como veículo de instrução moral ou de ¿pedagogia¿ do cidadão. Nesse sentido, busco recuperar o propósito do historiador ao publicar Le Peuple, em 1846, e Histoire de la Révolution française, de 1847 a 1853, como contraponto à literatura do período que, segundo ele, oferecia uma falsa imagem da nação francesa ao enfatizar sobretudo os defeitos e torpezas de seu povo.
A propósito da questão da emergência do ¿povo¿ no cenário historiográfico francês da primeira metade do século XIX, levanto a hipótese de que a criação das obras de Michelet em contraposição à literatura em voga no seu tempo, insere-se num contexto maior de extensão da função ¿pedagógica¿ de formação do povo, atribuída até então à Literatura, para o âmbito da História<br>Abstract: For Jules Michelet, some literary writers, just as Honoré de Balzac, Eugène Sue and George Sand, characterize ¿the people¿ in a degraded way, unlike a previous literature (at the turn of the 18th and in early 19th century) that was understood as an instrument of education of the people. In such case, I search to recover the purpose of the historian when he publishes Le Peuple, in 1846, and Histoire de la Révolution française, from 1847 to 1853, to oppose the literature of the period that, according to him, used to offer a false image of the French nation when it emphasizes all of faults and bad habits of its people.
About the emergency of ¿people¿ in the French historical scenery in the first half of the nineteenth century, I defend that the Michelet¿s works creation, in opposition to the literary writers of the period, is inserted in a larger context of extension of the ¿pedagogic¿ function of people's formation, attributed until then to the Literature for the ambit of the History<br>Doutorado<br>Politica, Memoria e Cidade<br>Doutor em História
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Mayo-Bobee, Dinah. "Shaping the Nation: Early 19th Century America." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/731.
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Bloom, Kelly. "Orientalism in French 19th Century Art." Thesis, Boston College, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/477.
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Thesis advisor: Jeffery Howe<br>The Orient has been a mythical, looming presence since the foundation of Islam in the 7th century. It has always been the “Other” that Edward Said wrote about in his 1979 book Orientalism. The gulf of misunderstanding between the myth and the reality of the Near East still exists today in the 21st century. Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in 1798 and the subsequent colonization of the Near East is perhaps the defining moment in the Western perception of the Near East. At the beginning of modern colonization, Napoleon and his companions arrived in the Near East convinced of their own superiority and authority; they were Orientalists. The supposed superiority of Europeans justified the colonization of Islamic lands. Said never specifically wrote about art; however, his theories on colonialism and Orientalism still apply. Linda Nochlin first made use of them in her article “The Imaginary Orient” from 1983. Artists such as Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Eugène Delacroix and Jean-Léon Gérôme demonstrate Said's idea of representing the Islamic “Other” as a culturally inferior and backward people, especially in their portrayal of women. The development of photography in the late 19th century added another dimension to this view of the Orient, with its seemingly objective viewpoint<br>Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2004<br>Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Fine Arts<br>Discipline: College Honors Program
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Teaching the history of philosophy in 19th-century Germany." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-161196.
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What does it mean to do philosophy historically, and when does the legend of philosophy begin? When Hegel tried to give a logical explanation of philosophy's history, was he doing the same thing as Eduard Zeller in his account of Creek thought, or Kuno Fischer in his narrative of modern philosophy? l do not believe so, and I shall sugges t in the following that we should carefully differentiate between the different activities commonly referred to as the history of philosophy. I will point out the enormous productivity of the 19th century in terms of printed books devoted to the history of philosophy. I will also point to the context in which these were produced and used rather than examining individual works or authors. There is an entirely new context in the 19th century, which is the study of philosophy. A proper culture developed around the historical interest in philosophy, and it is this culture I want to sketch here.
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Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Teaching the history of philosophy in 19th-century Germany." Teaching new histories of philosophy / ed. by J. B. Schneewind. Princeton 2004, S. 275 - 295 ISBN 0-9763726-0-6, 2004. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A12120.
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What does it mean to do philosophy historically, and when does the legend of philosophy begin? When Hegel tried to give a logical explanation of philosophy''s history, was he doing the same thing as Eduard Zeller in his account of Creek thought, or Kuno Fischer in his narrative of modern philosophy? l do not believe so, and I shall sugges t in the following that we should carefully differentiate between the different activities commonly referred to as the history of philosophy. I will point out the enormous productivity of the 19th century in terms of printed books devoted to the history of philosophy. I will also point to the context in which these were produced and used rather than examining individual works or authors. There is an entirely new context in the 19th century, which is the study of philosophy. A proper culture developed around the historical interest in philosophy, and it is this culture I want to sketch here.
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Schulz, Carsten-Andreas. "On the standing of states : Latin America in nineteenth-century international society." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:05459d05-0dfa-4220-bbdc-42e3df63d71a.
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The present dissertation offers a critical examination of the place accorded to Latin American states in the English School account of the expansion of international society. It pursues two aims. First, the study contributes to understanding the nature and scope of international order, and its historical transformation over the course of the 'long nineteenth century'. Because of the profound impact that European colonization had on the region, the English School has conventionally treated the entry of Latin American states into international society as an unproblematic historical fact achieved with diplomatic recognition in the 1820s. The crucial cases of Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico, however, indicate that more attention needs to the paid to the hierarchical nature of the international order. The central argument of this historical-comparative study posits that the three Latin American states were recognized diplomatically, but they were not regarded as fully-fledged members of the community of 'civilized' states. Second, the dissertation examines the implications of hierarchy in international politics. Building on a critique of the legal-formalist conception of 'standing' in English School theorizing, three ideal-typical dimensions of international stratification are identified: the distribution of material capabilities (stature), the function states perform in international society (role), and estimations of honour and prestige (status) among states. The interpretative framework sheds light on how agents understand international society, and the way in which they deal with its hierarchical nature. The study analyzes how Latin American elites perceived the standing of their state, and how these perceptions shaped politics through their corresponding 'logics of social action'. The study finds that nineteenth-century elites in Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil conceived of the standing of their states predominantly in terms of status, and demonstrates how these perceptions informed politics.
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Ng, Kin-yuen. "Constitutional developments in China and Japan from the mid 19th century to the early 20th century." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13280181.
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Milewicz, Przemysław. "Visions of nation in Poland, 1815-1831." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609456.
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Stearn, Rod M. "Historiography and Hierotopy: Palestinian Hagiography in the Sixth Century A.D." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/44.
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Judean hagiographies are unusual. Some are unexpectedly structured: a saint’s life in the form of a history text. Others offer surprising content. Expected hagiographic stylizations, for example, often depict moments in which the saint is offered money for a miracle. In such cases the saint invariably refuses. Judean saints, however, accept gratitude willingly – often with cash amounts recorded.
The peculiarities of these works have regularly been examined on literary and theological grounds. In this dissertation I propose a different approach: socio-economic context. The monasteries that produced these texts were utterly dominated by the environment of Christian Jerusalem. Although often commented upon, the unmined implications of this reality hold the key to understanding these hagiographies. It is only by examining these monasteries’ ties to – and embeddedness within – their peculiar context that we can perceive the mindset that produced such baffling texts.
Lengthy historical, literary, and archaeological analysis force Judean hagiography to give up its secrets. These works were in fact not odd at all. Rather, they were hyper-specialized, a unique adaptation to a unique environment. True, we do not see their like in other eastern regions over the span of late antiquity. Yet this is to be expected. Nowhere else can we find the particular conditions that brought these works into being. Nor can we understand the Judean works absent their milieu. It is only upon the foundation of layers of context that these hagiographies stand high enough to view. They were, most accurately, Holy Land hagiographies: a label as unique as the land that produced them.
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Tucker, Emily K. "Extant gas boom industrial buildings in East Central Indiana, 1890-1910 : a case study of five cities : Anderson, Elwood, Kokomo, Marion, and Muncie." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1273163.
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The industrial era in East Central Indiana began largely due to the discovery of gas, which in turn brought in many of the industries that would sustain the area during the gas boom and those years following the end of gas supplies. This thesis documents several surviving industrial buildings from the gas boom, including their history, the industrial processes that occurred in these buildings, the general factory layout, and finally the current status of the factories. Studying the industrial buildings from this period in Indiana history helps to shed light on the important role that these industries play in the development of the cities and towns in the gas belt. In addition to this, the thesis gives a documentation of one of Indiana’s rapidly disappearing resources.<br>Department of Architecture
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Nover, Stephen Michael. "History of language planning in deaf education: The 19th century." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284155.
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This dissertation documents historical patterns of language planning activities in American deaf education during the 19th century from a sociolinguistic perspective. This comprehensive study begins in the early 1800s, prior to the opening of the first public school for the deaf in Connecticut, tracing and categorizing available literature related to the language of signs and English as the languages of instruction for the deaf through 1900. Borg and Gall's (1989) historical research methodology was employed to ensure that a consistent historical approach was maintained based upon adequate and/or primary references whenever possible. Utilizing Cooper's (1989) language planning framework, each article in this extensive historical collection was categorized according to one of three major types of language planning activities: status planning (SP), acquisition planning (AP), or corpus planning (CP). Until this time, a comprehensive study of this nature has never been pursued in the field of deaf education. As a result, language planning patterns were discovered and a number of myths based upon inaccurate historical evidence that have long misguided educators of the deaf as well as the Deaf community were revealed. More specifically, these myths are related to the belief that 19th century linguistic analysis and scientific descriptions of the language of signs were nonexistent, and that 19th century literature related to the role, use and structure of the language of signs in education was extremely limited. Additionally this study discovered myths related to the status and use of sign language in this country, the history of deaf education programs, the growth and development of oralism and its impact upon existing programs for the deaf and the employment of deaf teachers. It was also revealed that several terms used in the 19th century have been misinterpreted by educational practitioners today who mistakenly believe they are using strategies that were developed long ago. Therefore, this study attempts to 'correct the record' by using primary sources to bring to light a new understanding of the history of deaf education from a language planning perspective.
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Ottke, Doug. "An environmental history of the 19th century Marquette Iron Range." Reston, Va. : U.S. Geological Survey, 2000. http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS10143.
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Nyffenegger-Staub, Nicole. "Authorising history constructions of authorial self in fourteenth-century English historiography /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Davis, Lydia. "British travellers and the rediscovery of Sicily, 16th-19th century." Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 2006. http://ssudl.solent.ac.uk/579/.
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This project deals with the early period of what could be termed the 'Grand Tour' in Sicily, a subject which has previously been covered only in a small number of academic works. In particular, it looks at the history of British travel and travellers to Sicily, placing particular emphasis on the way in which classical considerations prompted, guided and inspired visitors to the island. Whilst covering a wide time span which ranges from the 8th until the 20th centuriy AD, the main body of the work focuses on the period between 1550 and 1770 and provides a study of the major British travellers to Sicily during this period - most particularly the journeys of Thomas Hoby in the 16th century, George Sandys and Isaac Basire in the 17th and John Breval in the early 18th century. It also looks at the cultural construction of Sicily itself during this period, and the major Latin and Italian historical sources which influenced, and in some cases were influenced by, travellers and writers from Britain. Much of this work involves the in-depth analysis of several of the major geographical and antiquarian texts from the 16th, 17th and early 18th centuries both in English and Italiaan. The results suggest that rather than the more traditional view of Sicily as a late addition to the Grand Tour, relatively undiscovered until the 1770s, the island had in fact generated a significant amount of interest from numerous erudite British travellers and antiquarians, who made a small but nevertheless important contribution to the body of work written upon the island and its culture and antiquities
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Ng, Kin-yuen, and 吳健源. "Constitutional developments in China and Japan from the mid 19th century to the early 20th century." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950395.
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Chong, Wai-sun, and 莊偉新. "Early treatment of insanity in 19th century England." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206555.
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Early intervention in psychosis emerged in the 1980s and has gradually become a new paradigm in mental health service worldwide. Yet, very few studies on the history of early intervention in mental illness exist even to date. This dissertation explored the situation in 19th century England when Britain was the only superpower in the world and at the same time was plagued by the rising number of insanity cases that she could only cope with by building more and bigger asylums.
The idea of early treatment of insanity was found in various publications written by different physicians in the first half of 19th century. A few of them also proposed primary preventive measures as they believed that a good and disciplined life style could help to avoid the illness. They also saw that insanity could be hereditary. Meanwhile, the debate over the nature of insanity whether it is purely biological or goes beyond the physical body was happening in England as in continental Europe. The physicians supporting the idea of early intervention were also those who subscribed to the theory that insanity has a biological origin. The staging concept in the development of mental illness was well conceived by some physicians. There were also attempts to identify the symptoms in incipient insanity which is close to the modern concept of prodromal stage. Some medical professions also put forward detailed theories on the pathology of the illness based on their knowledge on brain physiology and its interaction with other organs of the body.
During this period, professionalization of psychiatrists was advancing. In this process, there was clash between two schools of thoughts. One considered that the profession should move along a scientific path while the other considered that more effort should be devoted to pragmatic issues such as those concerning asylum management. This conflict had in some way hindered the advancement of early treatment.
Another major obstacle to the provision of early treatment was the distrust of the society towards psychiatrists. After a number of notorious cases involving people being wrongly confined in the asylums had been widely publicized, the law was tightened to limit the authority of psychiatrists in certifying insanity and in treating uncertified cases. This had resulted in a serious blockade on the road to early treatment. Stigmatization of mental illness in the society was also a major factor in deterring people from seeking early assistance.
From the experience in 19th century England, it was found that medicalization of mental illness, professionalization of psychiatrists, establishment of mutual trust between psychiatrists and the society, as well as de-stigmatization of mental illness would be conducive to the development of an early intervention paradigm.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Psychological Medicine<br>Master<br>Master of Psychological Medicine
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Couton, Philippe. "The institutional participation of French and immigrant workers in 19th-century France /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36901.
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Recent theories of the social consequences of institutions point to aspects of class and ethnic relations that are not fully captured by conventional institutional perspectives. Using some of these recent theoretical contributions, this thesis analyzes the influence of institutional conditions on the mobilization of French and immigrant workers in late 19th-century northern France. Two main institutional structures are discussed: France's unique network of labour courts, and the socialist cooperatives created by Flemish workers in the 1880s. The empirical, chiefly archival evidence suggests two main conclusions: labour movements emerged and evolved strongly influenced by the judicial framing of labour relations, which they in turn sought to use and modify to their advantage; the institutional innovation of Flemish immigrant workers had a durable influence on the organization of labour politics in northern France, and contributed to their integration as active social and political participants.
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Meldrum, Patricia. "Evangelical Episcopalians in nineteenth-century Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1943.
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This thesis deals with the theology and development of the Evangelical Episcopalian movement in nineteenth-century Scotland. Such a study facilitates the construction of a detailed doctrinal and social profile of these Churchmen, hitherto unavailable. In the introduction an extensive investigation is provided, identifying individuals within the group and assessing their numerical strength. Chapter 2 shows the locations of Evangelical Episcopalian churches and suggests reasons for their geographical distribution. Chapter 3 investigates some sermons and writings of various clergy and laypersons, highlighting the doctrinal beliefs of Scottish Evangelical Episcopalians and placing them within the spectrum of Evangelical Anglicanism and showing affinities with Scottish Presbyterianism. Chapter 4 concerns the lifestyle of members of the group, covering areas such as marriage, family, leisure and philanthropy. Chapter 5 provides a numerical analysis of the social make-up of various congregations paying particular attention to the success achieved in reaching the working classes. Chapters 6 and 7 examine the issues faced by Scottish Evangelical Episcopalians in an age of increasing Tractarian and Roman Catholic activity. Topics covered include the theology of baptism and the communion service. The contrast between Evangelical belief and that of orthodox Scottish High Churchmen and Virtualists is clarified. Chapter 8 explains the factors contributing to the secession of D. T. K. Drummond from the Scottish Episcopal Church and the formation of the English Episcopal movement. Further disruptions are discussed in Chapter 9. Chapter 10 provides a detailed analysis of the development and eventual fragmentation of English Episcopalianism. Chapter 11 concludes the thesis with an evaluation of the contribution of English Episcopalianism to the history of the Scottish Episcopal Church and the reasons for its emergence. The thesis thus provides a detailed examination of the motives which drove the adherents of this important facet of nineteenth-century British Evangelicalism.
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Muir, Elizabeth Gillan 1934. "Petticoats in the pulpit : early nineteenth century methodist women preachers in Upper Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39216.
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Women preached and itinerated in different Methodist traditions in the first half of the nineteenth century in Canada. By the middle of the century, many of them had relinquished the pulpit and they soon disappeared. In the United States of America, women preachers also met with resistance, but well before the twentieth century some Methodist women had been ordained. Although many aspects of the Canadian and American contexts were similar, women preachers experienced a somewhat different reception in each country because of the contrasting political climate. Whereas the American Methodist churches reflected the more liberal atmosphere of their country, the Canadian Methodist Episcopal church intentionally adopted the more reactionary stance of the British Wesleyans in order to gain respectability and political advantage. The other Canadian Methodist churches gradually imbibed this conservative atmosphere, and as a result, Canadian women were eventually discouraged from a preaching role. This dissertation recovers the history of a number of nineteenth century Methodist women preaching in Canada, examines their British heritage and the experiences of their American sisters, and suggests reasons for the Canadian devolution.
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Szabo, Jason. ""Suffering, shame and the search for succour" : incurable illness in nineteenth-century France." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84870.
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Abstract not available.<br>Until now, historians have devoted relatively little attention to the rich field of patients' struggles with chronic progressive disease. This study proposes to begin to fill this lacuna by examining in detail the meaning and implications of one central principle of nineteenth-century clinical medicine: incurability. Though the judgement of incurability is the product of a medical encounter, its significance extended well beyond the clinic. For being incurable in nineteenth-century France was a social event in the broadest sense, putting the individual at the centre of a complex web of people with different expectations and duties. Patients and their farnilies sought relief and solace within the confines of their homes and, frequently enough, in hospital. The physician was expected to prognosticate and to heal, while women, usually members of the immediate family or a religious order, carried out the duties of daily care. Either by choice or institutional diktat, many incurably ill individuals were visited by a priest or some other representative of the Church. Finally, their lives were deeply influenced by the decisions of local and, to an ever increasing degree, national politicians mandated to tackle questions of charity and social policy. Each chapter of this thesis will examine facets of the experience of incurability within the context of existing social structures: medical, religious, economic, and political.
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Kennedy-Churnac, Yoshan A. "The Weight of Words: Discourse, Power and the 19th Century Prostitute." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/93.
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This thesis discusses discourses surrounding the urban prostitute in mid-nineteenth century Paris and London. During the nineteenth century, sexuality became a topic of increasing concern and an outpouring of literature on deviant sexuality and ways to regulate it appeared from moral commentators, social scientists, and physicians. Different historical moments saw the prevalence of different approaches taken, whether it was through the moral counsel of religious pamphlets, or through the methodological approach implemented by medical journals and social surveys. My study will trace the evolution of sexual discourses on prostitutes as well as how their authors influenced attempts to regulate these women. My primary argument is that sexual discourses of this period were organized around definitions of normality and deviancy, the understanding of what constitutes respectability, and the desire to control marginalized populations. The discursive literature on prostitution that appeared during this century thus provides an indication of how power manifests itself in unseen ways and how the power of words can shape definitions of sexuality and deviance.
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Lichtmajer, Juan Pablo. "The frontiers of civilisation : history and politics in 19th century Argentina." Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275851.
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Bollinger, Heather K. "The North comes South northern Methodists in Florida during Reconstruction." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4849.
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This thesis examines three groups of northern Methodists who made their way to north Florida during Reconstruction: northern white male Methodists, northern white female Methodists, and northern black male and female Methodists. It analyzes the ways in which these men and women confronted the differences they encountered in Florida's southern society as compared to their experiences living in a northern society. School catalogs, school reports, letters, and newspapers highlight the ways in which these northerners explained the culture and behaviors of southern freedmen and poor whites in Jacksonville, Gainesville, and Monticello. This study examines how these particular northern men and women present in Florida during Reconstruction applied elements of "the North" to their interactions with the freedmen and poor whites. Ultimately, it sheds light on northern Methodist middle class values in southern society.<br>ID: 030422734; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-83).<br>M.A.<br>Masters<br>History<br>Arts and Humanities
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Morét, Ulrike. "Gaelic history and culture in mediaeval and sixteenth-century Lowland Scottish historiography." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=124215.
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The subject of this study is attitudes towards Gaelic Scotland to be found in Lowland Scottish historiography of the late fourteenth to the late sixteenth century; the authors examined were John of Fordun, Andrew Wyntoun, Walter Bower, John Mair, Hector Boece, John Leslie and George Buchanan. In the first part of the thesis the historical works were examined with respect to the attitude of each individual author towards the Highlanders of his own time. It was found that the earlier authors - i.e. Fordun, Wyntoun, Bower and Mair - mirror anti-Highland feeling and prejudice that were widespread in their own Lowland surroundings. They further the image of the Highlander as a savage. The later authors, by contrast, look upon their Gaelic contemporaries from a humanistic, or rather, 'primitivistic', point of view: to them the Gaelic Scots with their simple way of life represent the virtuous and noble customs and traditions of the Scottish forefathers. The second part of the thesis was concerned with the historians' presentation of Gaelic kings and kingship. Special attention was paid to their understanding of the Gaelic succession law; here, a lack of comprehension could be noted among the authors, which led to a distorted presentation of the reigns and characters of a number of Gaelic kings of tenth- and eleventh-century Scotland. In this historical part, no substantial difference in presentation could be found between the earlier and the sixteenth-century authors, mainly because the latter did not carry out any historical research of their own. In the case of Fordun, Wyntoun, Bower and Mair, perceptions of Gaelic Scotland are rooted in the traditional negative attitudes of their own times and surroundings; this corresponds to a lack of understanding of aspects of the Gaelic element in Scottish history. The humanist historians, on the other hand, propose a view of Gaelic Scotland which is in opposition to the views of their own Lowland contemporaries, and which they do not back up in their presentations of Scottish history.
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Beebe, D. Blair. "Balzac's Rubempré cycle : a social history of early 19th-century Paris /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Darch, John. "The influence of British Protestant missionaries on the development of the British Empire in Africa and the Pacific circa 1865 to circa 1885." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683148.
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Kakooza, Michael Mirembe. "Mid-Victorian weekly periodicals and anti-Catholic discourse 1850-60 : ideology and English identity." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683162.
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Sotiropoulos, Michail. "European jurisprudence and the intellectual origins of the Greek state : the Greek jurists and liberal reforms (ca 1830‐1880)." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9111.
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This thesis builds on, and contributes to recent scholarship on the history of nineteenth‐century liberalism by exploring Greek legal thought and its political implications during the first decades after independence from the Ottomans (ca.1830‐1880). Protagonists of this work of intellectual history are the Greek jurists—a small group of very influential legal scholars—most of whom flocked to the Greek kingdom right after its establishment. By focusing on their theoretical contributions and public action, the thesis has two major contentions. First, it shows that the legal, political and economic thought of the jurists was not only conversant with Continental liberal currents of the Restoration, but, due to the particular local context, made original contributions to liberalism. Indeed, Greek liberals shared a lot with their counterparts in France, Italy and Germany, not least the belief that liberty originated in law and the state and not against them. Another shared feature was the distinction between the elitist liberal variant of the ‘Romanist’ civil lawyers such as Pavlos Kalligas, and the more ‘radical moderate’ version of Ioannis Soutsos and Nikolaos Saripolos. At the same time, the Greek liberals, seeking not to terminate but to institutionalize the Greek revolution, tuned to the radical language of natural rights (of persons and states) and national sovereignty. This language, which sought to control the rulers, put more contestation in power and expand political participation gained wide currency during the crisis of the 1850s, which exposed also the precarious place of Greece in the geography of European civilization. The second contention of the thesis is that this ‘transformation of thought’, informed the ‘long revolution’ of the 1860s and the new system of power this latter established. By so doing, it shows that liberal jurisprudence provided the intellectual foundations upon which the modern Greek state was build.
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Ziegler, Christopher Taylor. "Jeffersonianism and 19th century American maritime defense policy." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1110103-111416/unrestricted/ZieglerC120103a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2003.<br>Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-1110103-111416. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Brusius, Mirjam Sarah. "Preserving the forgotten : William Henry Fox Talbot, photography and the antique." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609959.
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Abraham, Adam. "Spurious Victorians : imitation and the nineteenth-century novel." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cbf24b85-cc63-42be-ba84-2f065942c4d8.
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In 'A Critique of Modern Textual Criticism', Jerome J. McGann writes, '[A]n author's work possesses autonomy only when it remains an unheard melody'. For the published and successful writer in the nineteenth century, such autonomy was often unattainable. Publications such as The Pickwick Papers inspired an array of opportunistic successors, including stage plays, unauthorized sequels, jest books, song books, and shilling and penny imitations. Despite the proliferation, this strain of writing is rarely studied. This thesis recovers ephemeral, scurrilous texts, often anonymous or pseudonymous, and reads them in the context of their canonical sources. Retrieving bibliographical environments, it demonstrates how plagiaristic, parodic, and willfully unoriginal works impacted on the careers of three novelists: Charles Dickens, Edward Bulwer Lytton, and George Eliot. The thesis argues that formal distinctions among modes of Victorian writing - criticism, parody, and plagiarism - often blur. Further, it argues that our understanding of a particular novelist's work must be broadened to include sequels, spinoffs, and imitations: to know a particular author means to know the spurious and oftentimes bad (morally or aesthetically) works that the author inspired. The Spurious Victorians of the title form something of countercanon to the 'major' writers of the period. Thomas Peckett Prest, Rosina Bulwer Lytton, and Joseph Liggins, among many others, informed and influenced the literary history that has in turn denied them admission. William Makepeace Thackeray wrote, 'If only men of genius were to write, Lord help us! how many books would there be?' Of course, Victorian print culture found room for the genius and the subgenius, Boz as well as Bos. 'Spurious Victorians' recovers works that have been lost from view in order to better understand the process by which an individual authorial voice emerged amid an echo chamber of competing, imitative voices.
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Belknap, Geoffrey David. "'From a photograph' : photography and the periodical print press 1870-1890." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609850.
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Andrews, Matthew Paul. "Durham University : last of the ancient universities and first of the new (1831-1871)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:52d639b8-a555-48ce-8226-af71d19cb346.
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This thesis is a study of Durham University, from its inception in 1831 to the opening of the College of Physical Science in Newcastle in 1871. It considers the foundation and early years of the University in the light of local and national developments, including movements for reform in the church and higher education. The approach is holistic, with the thesis based on extensive use of archival sources, parliamentary reports, local and national newspapers, and other primary printed sources as well as a newly-created and entirely unique database of Durham students. The argument advanced in this thesis is that the desire of the Durham authorities was to establish a modern university that would be useful to northern interests, and that their clear failure to achieve this reflected the general issues of the developing higher education sector at least as much as it did internal mismanagement. This places Durham in a different position relative to the traditional understanding of how universities and colleges developed in England and therefore broadens and deepens the quality of that narrative. In the light of the University's swift decline, and poor reputation, from the mid-1850s what were the ambitions of the founders and how did this deterioration occur? Were the critics' accusations against the University - principally that it was a theologically-dominated, inadequate imitation of Oxford, bound to the Chapter of Durham and ruled autocratically by its Warden - based on fact or prejudice? And if the critics were wrong, what were the factors that lead to the University's failings?
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Schuman, Samuel A. "Representation, Narrative, and “Truth”: Literary and Historical Epistemology in 19th-Century France." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1621948796558803.
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Crisp, Zoë Francesca. "The urban back garden in England in the nineteenth century." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607993.
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