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Unangst, Matthew David. "Building the Colonial Border Imaginary: German Colonialism, Race, and Space in East Africa, 1884-1895." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/365905.
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History<br>Ph.D.<br>The dissertation explores the intellectual history of the interconnection of European and African ideas about race and space in 19th-century European imperialism. I examine German colonial geographies of East Africa, meaning not only cartography, but the new discipline of human geography, which studies the relationship between people and their environment. Germans and East Africans together produced a hybrid geography that combined precolonial conceptions of race and space and race from both Europe and Africa, and race explicitly entered German governance for the first time. By analyzing changes in how both Germans and East Africans imagined geographical relationships, I argue, we can better understand the ways in which they developed new conceptions of themselves and the world at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. The project traces the history of German racial thinking to a specific, earlier colonial context than other scholars have argued. It also brings a spatial dimension to studies of the colonial state in Africa in order to understand the ways in which spaces have become imbued with racial and ethnic meaning over the last century and a half.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Stanard, Matthew G. "Selling the tenth province Belgian colonial propaganda, 1908-1960 /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3215171.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of History, 2006.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-04, Section: A, page: 1490. Adviser: James D. Le Sueur. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed March 22, 2007)."
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Perreault, Melanie Lynn. "First contact: Early English encounters with natives of Russia, West Africa, and the Americas, 1530-1614." W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623910.
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In recent years, the field of comparative history has enjoyed a resurgence of popularity as scholars attempt to understand the past in a global context. This study examines the early period of English exploration of the Atlantic world and the confrontation of English men and women with natives of geographically distinct regions. By comparing English interactions with Russians, West Africans, and North and South Americans during the contact period, this dissertation argues that the mutually constructed dialogue between the visiting English and the natives of each region was a struggle for power and control. In their efforts to construct the natives as being both recognizable and inferior, the English utilized contemporary notions of class and gender not only to understand the people they encountered, but as a strategy to make the natives submissive.;While the English noted that the natives of each region had different skin color, notions of racial hierarchy were not fixed in the sixteenth century. In fact, the English were more threatened by similarity than by difference during their early encounters. Convinced that they were a unique and superior people, the discovery of Russia as a distorted image of English society was cause for great consternation among the English visitors. In an effort to distance themselves from the apparently barbarous Russians, the English suggested that despite their outward signs of "civility," the Russian people had a fundamental flaw that allowed them to accept tyranny and oppression.;Despite their belief in the superiority of their society, the English focus on economic matters above all else during the first-contact period forced them to act within the parameters of native cultures. Not only did the English have to come to terms with the demands of unfamiliar environments, but they often had to meet the demands of native peoples. Natives in each region held considerable power based on their military prowess and their monopoly on local trade and information about the area. as vital allies, trading partners, and informants, the natives recognized their power and manipulated the English visitors at every opportunity.
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Bilal, Kolby. "Black Pilots, Patriots, and Pirates: African-American Participation in the Virginia State and British Navies during the Revolutionary War in Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626268.
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Smith, Andrea Lynn. "The colonial in postcolonial Europe: The social memory of Maltese-origin pieds-noirs." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288807.
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This dissertation considers the social memories of Maltese-origin pieds-noirs, or former colonists of Algeria. Over half of the French colonists of Algeria came to the colony from Spain, Italy, or Malta, among other European countries, during the nineteenth century. Naturalized as French citizens, they "returned" primarily to France at Algerian decolonization in 1962. As "liminal colonists," interstitially situated between colonized and colonist, the Maltese were subject to considerable discrimination in the colony, a discrimination which has had lasting repercussions and which is revealed in the Maltese social memory today. This project was based on nineteen months of ethnographic research conducted among elderly pieds-noirs of Maltese origin, now living in southern France, and archival research on colonial Algerian history. From these two distinct methods, I developed two versions of the Maltese experiences in colonial Algeria: that recorded in archival sources, and that reported in conversations about the past. These two versions of the past were then contrasted and compared. Through this method, I have uncovered what I call "domains" in Maltese social memory. These include the carefully silenced domain of the French-Algerian war; the ambivalent and compound domain concerning family histories and assimilation to French culture, often summarized through the employment of a version of the melting-pot metaphor; the nostalgic iteration of the colonial past; and the related and open-ended domain of memories of difficult or painful encounters with the Metropolitan French.
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Stinson, Jennifer Kirsten. "Race, family, and region in the nineteenth-century upper Midwest a history of African, Indian, and European communities in the heartland /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3380133.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of History, 2009.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 14, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: A, page: 4827. Adviser: Wendy Gamber.
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Salvadore, Matteo. "FAITH OVER COLOR: ETHIO-EUROPEAN ENCOUNTERS AND DISCOURSES IN THE EARLY-MODERN ERA." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/106504.
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History<br>Ph.D.<br>This dissertation explores multiple episodes of interaction between Ethiopians and Europeans throughout the early modern era. After overviewing the Ethiopian exploration of Europe in the 15th century and the first Catholic attempts to reconnect to the Ethiopian Church at the turn of the 16th century, it focuses on the Ethio-Lusophone encounter by considering the emergence of Ethiopian studies in early modern Lisbon, the Portuguese military intervention in the Ethiopian-Adal War (1529-1543) and the Jesuit mission to Ethiopia (1555-1632). This dissertation argues that in the context of the early-modern Ethio-European encounter, faith trumped skin color in the discourse on sameness and otherness: throughout the 15th and 16th centuries Europeans and Ethiopians perceived each other as belonging to the same Christian world and collaborated to defy the perceived Muslim threat. Starting in the late 16th century however, Counter-Reformation Catholicism and Jesuit proselytism transformed Ethiopians into others, and--in Ethiopian eyes--Europeans became a threat. The Jesuit mission engendered an era of turmoil that crippled both the Ethio-European encounter and the Ethiopian monarchy: in its aftermath, the Ethiopian elites maintained a policy of isolation from Europe, barred Europeans from entering their country and redirected their attention to the Muslim societies of the Red Sea and Indian Ocean basins.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Ingram, Hilary. "Gender, professionalism and power: the rise of the single female medical missionary in Britain and South Africa, 1875-1925." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18456.
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This essay will examine the recruitment of single British women by leading Protestant missionary societies during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to assess what motivated women to apply and what qualifications and training were required before they were deployed to the mission field. Single female candidates accepted into missionary service negotiated boundaries between gender and class and worked to redefine their position within religious missions, gradually becoming more professionalized as the years progressed. This thesis places particular emphasis on the study of British female medical missionaries. Throughout, it examines key themes regarding gender and professionalism and the interaction between gender and race on the mission field. Using South Africa as a case study to examine the interaction between female medical missionaries and their African trainees, in the final section the paper analyzes how white female medical missionaries defined themselves as professional women in the field.<br>Cet essai examine le recrutement par les principales sociétés protestantes de missionnaires de femmes britanniques célibataires au cours de la fin du dix-neuvième siècle et du début du vingtième. Il cherche à comprendre ce qui motiva les femmes à postuler, ainsi qu'à découvrir la formation et les qualifications exigées d'elles avant qu'elles ne soient envoyées en mission. Les candidates célibataires qui furent acceptées comme missionnaires eurent à affronter les barrières de classe et de genre, et travaillèrent à redéfinir leurs positions au sein des missions religieuses, se professionnalisant graduellement au fil des ans. Cette thèse porte un accent particulier sur l'étude des femmes missionnaires britanniques oeuvrant dans le champ médical. Elle accorde une place prépondérante à l'étude de thèmes touchant au genre et au professionnalisme, ainsi qu'à l'interaction entre genre et race sur le terrain des missions. Dans sa dernière section, le texte analyse par le biais d'une étude de cas de l'Afrique du Sud la manière par laquelle les femmes missionnaires ainsi que leurs apprentis africains se définirent en tant que femmes professionnelles sur le terrain des missions.
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Sparks, Lacey. "‘SOMETHING A LITTLE BIT TASTY’: WOMEN AND THE RISE OF NUTRITION SCIENCE IN INTERWAR BRITISH AFRICA." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/52.
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Widespread malnutrition after the Great Depression called into question the role of the British state in preserving the welfare of both its citizens and its subjects. International organizations such as the League of Nations, empire-wide projects such as nutrition surveys conducted by the Committee for Nutrition in the Colonial Empire (CNCE), sub-imperial networks of medical and teaching professionals, and individuals on-the-spot in different colonies wove a dense web of ideas on nutrition. African women quickly became the focus of efforts to end malnutrition due to Malthusian concerns of underpopulation in Africa and African women’s role as both farmers and mothers. Currently, the field focuses either on the history of nutrition science in Britain specifically, such as David Smith’s Nutrition in Britain: Science, Scientists, and Politics in the Twentieth Century, or broadly on the history of European scientists of all disciplines in Africa, such as Helen Tilley’s Africa as a Living Lab. Gendered medical histories in Africa tend to have a narrow geographical focus and a broad chronology, such as Henrietta Moore and Megan Vaughan’s Cutting Down Trees: Gender, Nutrition, and Agricultural Change in the Northern Province of Zambia, 1890-1990. This work enlarges the field both by linking British nutrition science to nutrition science in Africa, and by analyzing gendered colonial policy across space rather than across time. The dissertation examines the process by which colonial officials came to pin their hopes of ending malnutrition on the education of African women. Specifically, this project analyzes nutrition surveys from the League of Nations and the CNCE, as well as articles and pamphlets circulated by medical and education experts. Using circular dispatches from the Colonial Office and CNCE, meeting minutes from the Advisory Committee on Education in the Colonies, annual education reports, and medical journal articles, this work zooms out to show the global context of the interest in malnutrition and the scientific advancements of nutrition. Then, the dissertation zooms in to illustrate how those global concerns impacted women in Southern Nigeria, who used colonial education for their own goals of professional advancement or marrying up rather than ending malnutrition. I argue that African women’s education transitioned from under the control of missions to the control of the state as a result of the proposed solutions of colonial nutrition surveys. Furthermore, I argue that, as a priority of the colonial state, the pedagogy of African women’s nutrition education became its own kind of colonial experiment as educators and students disagreed on the best means of relating the new knowledge of nutrition. In conclusion, the colonial state increasingly controlled African women’s education by the end of the 1930s, and this focus on altering individual African women’s food habits via education allowed the colonial state to take action to solve malnutrition without altering the colonial economy from which they profited. State-controlled education attempted to create a new kind of colonial subject concerned with science, which revealed the limits of state intervention and provided a new arena for African women to shape their own futures.
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Kahn, Michelle Lynn. "Manufactured Morality: German-British Humanitarianism as Realpolitik Tool a Decade after the Boer and Herero Wars." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/427.
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Situated within the fields of diplomatic history and comparative genocide studies, this thesis examines the German colonial period from the standpoint of German-British relations before, during and after the Second Boer War in British South Africa (1899-1902) and the Herero and Nama War in German South West Africa (present-day Namibia, 1904-1908). I contend that German and British diplomatic efforts at cordiality functioned as a means of tacitly condoning each power’s humanitarian abuses—or at least “letting them slide”—for the sake of stability both on the European Continent and within the colonies. Despite activism against reported maltreatment and violence—even among citizens of “the perpetrating power” and among those of “the observing power”—neither the German nor the British government was willing to chastise the other openly, for fear of alienating a key ally. Only with the advent of the First World War, when the former allies became enemies, did an explosion of criticism of each other’s maltreatment of their colonial subjects erupt.
In the wake of German defeat, the British victors reaped the spoils of war—including the ability to shape perceptions of what had happened nearly two decades before in the African colonies—and succeeded in expropriating the German overseas territories in the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. From this narrative the following conclusion emerges: German and British official responses to humanitarian concerns in the colonies were dictated not by morality or compassion but rather by realpolitik expediency. And, as often in history, the one-sided narrative that emerged from this rather hypocritical series of events continues to skew perceptions of both British and German colonialism today. Thus, as a whole, this thesis poses broad theoretical questions regarding the politicization of morality and the social construction of genocide classifications, as well as the extent to which changing perceptions of violent conflicts have played a role in how the international community has categorized these conflicts through legal means in the wake of the Holocaust.
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Hurford, Christianna Elrene Thomas. "“In His Arm the Scar”: Medicine, Race, and the Social Implications of the 1721 Inoculation Controversy on Boston." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281568979.
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Schneider, Leann G. "Capturing Otherness on Canvas: 16th - 18th century European Representation of Amerindians and Africans." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1437430892.
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Kendall, Clayton Maxwell. "International Activism of African Americans in the Interwar Period." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/564.
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African Americans have a rich history of activism, but their involvement in affecting change during the interwar period is often overlooked in favor of post-Civil War and post-World War II coverage. African Americans also have a rich history of reaching out to the international community when it comes to that activism. This examination looks to illuminate the effect of the connections African Americans made with the rest of the world and how that shaped their worldview and their activism on the international stage. Through the use of newspapers and first-hand accounts, it becomes clear how African American figures and world incidents shaped what the African American community in the United States took interest in. In Paris, however, musicians explored a world free from Jim Crow, and the Pan-African Congresses created and encouraged a sense of unity among members of the black race around the globe. When violence threatened Ethiopians through the form of an Italian invasion, African Americans chose to speak out, and when they saw the chance at revenge against fascists they joined the Spanish Republic in their fight against Francisco Franco.
In the interwar period African Americans took to heart the idea of black unity and chose to act in the interest of the black race on the international stage. Their ideas and beliefs changed over the course of the two decades between the World Wars, eventually turning thoughts into actions and lashing out against any injustice that befell any member of the black race.
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Press, Steven Michael. "The Private State: A New Perspective on the European Partition of Africa." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11585.
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In the 1880s there was a race on among Europeans in Africa, spanning virtually the entire continent from Tunisia in the North to the Orange River in the South. Some European nicknames for this race are familiar: the Course au Clocher in France; the Scramble in England. What is less known is that this was a race, not necessarily to conquer or take land by force - most of that came later, in the 1890s -- but to claim paper deeds that nominally sold to whites the titles to govern various territories.<br>History
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Fink, Rachael. "France and the Soviet Union: Intervention in Africa Post-Colonialism." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1617892018822665.
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Whitesides, Vance J. "The Large Ensemble/European Classical Music Paradigm and African American-Originated Dance-Musicking| A Dispositival Analysis of U.S. Secondary Music Education." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10258865.
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<p> This study examined the historical and contemporary debate among music educators in U.S. public secondary schools over the viability of the large ensemble paradigm—choirs, bands, orchestras—and its valorization of European classical music, versus the introduction of popular music and its attendant mode of informal learning in small groups. Using theoretical and historical concepts from the work of Michel Foucault, this study established the concern for social order in the Progressive Era, the simultaneous interest in elite European culture as a regulatory device, and the emergence of the comprehensive high school as the framework in which the large ensemble paradigm was constituted. It contrasted this paradigm with the contemporaneous proliferation of African American-originated dance-musicking, which derived its popularity, in part, as a participatory form of musicking, and which destabilized dominant constructions of class, race and gender/sexuality through its practices—above all, its integration with dancing. This genealogy of the oppositional relationship between the two types of musicking provided the foundation for a critical analysis of music education discourse, based on key 20th-century texts produced by the National Association for Music Education that defined the large ensemble paradigm and articulated its rationale. This analysis revealed that many of the beliefs, assumptions, and practices of music education as defined in the US in the first half of 20th century still constrained the debate over the use of popular music in secondary schools in the 21st century by inhibiting a full appreciation of the kinesthetics of African American-originated dance-musicking. </p>
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Strickrodt, Silke. "Afro-European trade relations on the western slave coast, 16th to 19th centuries." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2616.
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This thesis deals with the Afro-European trade on the Western Slave Coast from about 1600 to the 1880s, mainly the slave trade but also the trade in ivory and agricultural produce. The Western Slave Coast comprises the coastal areas of modem Togo and parts of the coastal areas of Ghana and Benin. For much of the period under discussion, this region was dominated by two kingdoms, the kingdom of the Hula (or Pla), known to European traders as Great or Grand Popo, after its coastal port (in modern Benin), and the kingdom of the Ge (Gen/Guin/Genyi), known to European traders as Little Popo, after its main coastal port (in modern Togo). In the nineteenth century, two more ports of trade appeared in the region, Agoud (in modem Benin) and Porto Seguro (in modern Togo). In terms of the Afro-European trade, this was an intermediate area between regions of greater importance to slave traders, the Gold Coast to the west and the eastern Slave Coast (mainly the kingdom of Dahomey) to the east. This thesis gives a detailed reconstruction of the political and commercial developments in the region, especially for the period from the 1780s and the 1860s. The discussion is based mainly on archival material from British, French and African archives, but also makes use of a wide range of published accounts, mainly in English, French and German, and information from oral traditions. Beyond its immediate local interest, the thesis contributes to our understanding of the operation of the Afro-European trade and its impact on African middleman societies. The intermittent commercial success of 'the Popos' illustrates the dynamics of the trade especially clearly. The Western Slave Coast is placed into the wider transatlantic trade network and its role in the trade re-evaluated. The link between the local and overseas economy is illustrated by the centrality of the lagoon, which is discussed in detail. Other important issues that are addressed include the role of the canoemen in the trade, the transition from the slave trade to the palm oil trade and the Afro-Brazilian settlement at Agoue.
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Slater, Roland. "Die Maatskappy vir Europese immigrasie : a study of the cultural assimilation and naturalisation of European immigrants to South Africa 1949 -1994." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1633.
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Thesis (MA (History))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.<br>The processes of assimilation and naturalisation are encountered by immigrants around the world in differing degrees. Every immigrant to a new state, is forced to adapt to their new society in certain ways, in order to be able to function successfully in their new community. This thesis aims to look at these processes as they are managed by organisations within the new society.
The Maatskappy vir Europese Immigrasie (MEI) [Company for European Immigration] was one such organisation which operated in South Africa. The MEI was founded in 1949, following on from other organisations which had concerned themselves with immigrant recruitment, assimilation and assistance in general.
This thesis posits that the MEI, whilst primarily directed at the assistance in assimilating immigrants, also maintained another socio-political agenda.
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Orizaga, Rhiannon Ysabel-Marie. "Self-Presentation and Identity in the Roman Empire, ca. 30 BCE to 225 CE." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1016.
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The presentation of the body in early imperial Rome can be viewed as the manipulation of a semiotic language of dress, in which various hierarchies that both defined and limited human experience were entrenched. The study of Roman self-presentation illuminates the intersections of categories of identity, as well as the individual's desire and ability to resist essentializing views of Romanness (Romanitas), and to transform destiny through transforming identity. These categories of identity include gender; sexuality or sexual behavior; social status; economic status; ethnicity or place of origin; religion; and age. Applying the model of a matrix of identity deepens our appreciation for the work of self-presentation and its ultimate purposes. In this paper the practices and products used by Romans are described as vital indicators of self-identification, and as segues into Roman social semiotics, providing a more complete view of the possibilities for life in early imperial Rome. In the introduction, the use of queer theory and the function of the matrix model are outlined. Haircare, the maintenance of facial and bodily hair, the use of cosmetics, perfumes, skincare products, and beauty tools, the accessorizing of the body with jewelry, color, and pattern, and the display of these behaviors are examined in the main body chapters. The conclusion discusses the relevance of the matrix model to self-presentation studies in general and possible future uses.
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Browne, Arianna. "The Ill-Treatment of Their Countrywoman: Liberated African Women, Violence, and Power in Tortola, 1807-1834." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2021. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2307.
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In 1807, Parliament passed an Act to abolish the slave trade, leading to the Royal Navy’s campaign of policing international waters and seizing ships suspected of illegal trading. As the Royal Navy captured slave ships as prizes of war and condemned enslaved Africans to Vice-Admiralty courts, formerly enslaved Africans became “captured negroes” or “liberated Africans,” making the subjects in the British colonies. This work, which takes a microhistorical approach to investigate the everyday experiences of liberated Africans in Tortola during the early nineteenth century, focuses on the violent conditions of liberated African women, demonstrating that abolition consisted of violent contradictions that mirrored slavery.
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Mark-Thiesen, Cassandra. "West African labour and the development of mechanised mining in southwest Ghana, c.1870s to 1910." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2a086cfd-2398-4d14-9a28-c2252176d2a4.
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Wassa in southwest Ghana was the location of the largest mining sector in colonial British West Africa. The gold mines provide an excellent case study of how labour was mobilised for large-scale production immediately after the legal end of slavery, in the context of an expansive independent labour market. Divided into three sections, this thesis examines the practice of indirect labour recruitment for the mines during the formative years of colonial rule; the incorporation of ‘traditional’ credit relationships into ‘modern’ commerce. The starting point for this study is the analysis of precolonial strategies for mobilising labour. Part one examines the most pervasive and coercive employer-employee relationship in precolonial West Africa, namely the master-slave relationship. Even enslaved Africans could expect individual economic opportunity, and related to such, debt protection, and the power of labourers increased significantly after abolition. Starting in the 1870s, mine management found that the most effective way of recruiting long-term wage earners was through headmen; African authorities who established temporary patronage relationships with a group of labourers by offering them credit. Moreover, administrative and court records indicate that there were various forms of headship, some which the mines managed to impose greater regulation over than others. Therefore, part two demonstrates that issues of cost and control of recruitment differed depending on whether the labour recruiter had been furnished with the capital of a mining firm to conduct his business, whether he had done so with his own personal savings, or whether he was in the employment of the colonial government. Finally, part three takes a comparative look at headship and recruitment through rural chiefs, which began in 1906; two successive forms of non-free wage labour mobilisation. In 1909, mine management reverted to the headship system that many colonial commentators regarded as being more compatible with the colonial political order, albeit under considerably stricter regulations.
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Green, Alida Maria. "Dancing in borrowed shoes : a history of ballroom dancing in South Africa (1600s-1940s)." Diss., Pretoria : [S.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10202009-190259.
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Pattee, Phillip G. "A Great and Urgent Imperial Service: British Strategy for Imperial Defense During the Great War, 1914-1918." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/79576.
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History<br>Ph.D.<br>This dissertation investigates the reasons behind combined military and naval offensive expeditions that Great Britain conducted outside of Europe during the Great War. It argues that they were not unnecessary adjuncts to the war in Europe, but they fulfilled an important strategic purpose by protecting British trade where it was most vulnerable. Trade was not a luxury for the British; it was essential for maintaining the island nation's way of life, a vital interest and a matter of national survival. Great Britain required freedom of the seas in order to maintain its global trade. A general war in Europe threatened Great Britain's economic independence with the potential of losing its continental trading partners. The German High Seas Fleet constituted a serious threat that also placed the British coast at grave risk forcing the Royal Navy to concentrate in home waters. This dissertation argues that the several combined military and naval operations against overseas territories constituted parts of an overarching strategy designed to facilitate the Royal Navy's gaining command of the seas. Using documents from the Cabinet, the Foreign and Colonial Offices, the War Office, and the Admiralty, plus personal correspondence and papers of high-ranking government officials, this dissertation demonstrates that the Offensive Sub-committee of the Committee of Imperial Defense drafted the campaign plan. Subsequently, the plan received Cabinet approval, and then the Foreign Office, the Admiralty, and the Colonial Office coordinated with allies and colonies to execute the operations necessary to prosecute the campaign. In Mesopotamia, overseas expeditions directed against the Ottoman Empire protected communications with India and British oil concessions in Persia. The combined operations against German territories exterminated the logistics and intelligence hubs that supported Germany's commerce raiders thereby protecting Britain's world-wide trade and its overseas possessions.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Fraas, Arthur Mitchell. "Henry Beaufoy MP and the Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa." Thesis, Boston College, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/453.
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Thesis advisor: David Northrup<br>Henry Beaufoy MP (1750-1795) was one of the primary founders and first secretary of the Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa. The Association sponsored several expeditions to the Western Sudan and North Africa during the late 1780's and 1790's including the famous Mungo Park expedition of 1795-97. Beaufoy, as a Member of Parliament, was a key figure in the nonconformist movement as well as an ardent supporter of abolition. His work in recruiting and directing the Association's explorers helped set the stage for nineteenth century British involvement in Africa. The history of the Association's early expeditions and Beaufoy's mix of humanitarian and commercial motivations in founding the Association provide revealing witness to the nature of British interest in Africa at the end of the eighteenth century<br>Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2004<br>Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: History<br>Discipline: College Honors Program
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Dimkpa, Princewill. "Africa-Europe Migration : A Qualitative Analysis of Nigerian Migration to Europe via the Libya-Mediterranean Route." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Afrikanska studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-31322.
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This thesis examines the migration saga of Nigerians who follow the Libya-Mediterranean route to Europe and ended up in Sweden. With the use of Everret Lee’s Push and Pull theory as framework, this thesis provides a qualitative analysis of the reasons why Nigerian migrants choose to follow the Libya-Mediterranean route to Europe, how they ended up in Sweden, and why they choose to seek asylum in Sweden but not other countries in Europe. The study also discusses the Swedish migration and asylum policy in relation to Nigerian migrants. Through the use of interviews, first-hand information was obtained from four Nigerian migrants who had plied the Libya-Mediterranean route to Europe and agreed to participate in this study. The results of this study show that political instability, economic crisis, terrorism, insecurity, and stringent laws against homosexuality are all factors that could make some Nigerians migrate to Europe for a better life via the Libya-Mediterranean route.
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Adamo, Elizabeth. "Complicity and Resistance: French Women's Colonial Nonfiction." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1428264527.
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Prater, Angela Denise. "The Fattening House: A Narrative Analysis of the Big, Black and Beautiful Body Subjectivity Constituted On Large African American Women." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1223829051.
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Palmer, Paloma. "Le pré carré africain : de de Gaulle à Macron." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2133.
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Ce mémoire analyse l’histoire et le développement des relations franco-africaines du colonialisme au XXIe siècle. Je montre comment, à chaque étape de ces relations, que ce soit pendant le colonialisme, la décolonisation, la Françafrique ou "l'amitié" de Macron, l'objectif de l'État français n'a pas changé : préserver l'Afrique comme le pré carré de la France. Je soutiens qu'au XXIe siècle, alors que le continent africain se mondialise de plus en plus, l'État français cherche désespérément à renforcer ses liens avec ses anciennes colonies, notamment par l'éducation, la langue et la culture. Bien qu'Emmanuel Macron déclare que la Françafrique est terminée, sa stratégie visant à faire appel à la jeunesse africaine fait écho à la tactique de la « mission civilisatrice » du colonialisme français. Je soutiens donc que des questions concernant l'héritage colonial français, et leur impact sur l’identité africaine, restent essentielles même au XXIe siècle.
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Antill, Drew M. "A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE PORTRAYAL OF MARGINALIZED POPULATIONS IN RICHARD WRIGHT’S NATIVE SON AND ART SPIEGELMAN’S MAUS." Ohio Dominican University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=odu159565417796252.
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Buchsbaum, Robert Michael III. "The Surprising Role of Legal Traditions in the Rise of Abolitionism in Great Britain’s Development." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1416651480.
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Wagner, Madison. "La modernité tunisienne dévoilée : une étude autour de la femme célibataire." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1368.
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This thesis explains recent accounts of discrimination and cutbacks in reproductive health spaces in Tunisia. Complicating dominant analyses, which attribute these events to the post-revolution political atmosphere which has allowed the proliferation of islamic extremism, I interpret these instances as a manifestation of a deeply rooted stigma against sexually active single women. I trace this stigma’s inception to the contradictory way that Habib Bourguiba conceptualized modernity after independence, and the responsibility he assigned to Tunisian women to embody that modernity. This responsibility remains salient today, and is putting Tunisian women in an increasingly untenable and vulnerable position.
After independence, Bourguiba instated a series of policies and programs aimed at demonstrating the modernity of Tunisia. The success of Tunisia’s modernization was determined, and continues to be determined by the woman’s social transformation and embodiment of modernist values. Bourguiba’s modernist platform was constituted not only by typically ‘Western’ values, such as economic prosperity, family planning, education, and gender equality, but was also deeply informed by the islamic and cultural values that hold the woman’s primordial role to be mother and wife, and expect her to abstain from sex until marriage. The modern Tunisia woman thus became expected to both obtain higher levels of education and actively participate in the public sphere, and also uphold virtues around premarital virginity, marriage, and motherhood. Her fulfillment of these tasks marked the independent nation’s progress and modernity.
Today, as more and more Tunisian women are increasingly empowered to fulfill one facet of their obligation and attend university, participate in the labor market, and make use of the growing contraceptive technologies available to them, they become more likely to postpone marriage and engage in premarital sexual relations. These latter behaviors transgress the second facet of the woman’s obligation, and threaten the very integrity of the modern nation. Women are thus becoming more and more subjected to societal punishment — stigma — which manifests in many forms, including discrimination in reproductive health care spaces.
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Daniels, Aisha J. "The What If Collection." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5865.
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The What If Collection is a visual narrative that confronts white supremacy, the social, economic, and political ideology used to subjugate black civilization via colonial rule and enslavement in history and via structural racism today. Many white people have been socialized into a racial illiteracy that fosters white supremacy. This racial illiteracy fails to realize and understand the destructive effects of Western dominance on the rest of the world, particularly on past and present Africa and her diaspora. In response, utilizing discursive design, the collection constructs a counter-story that depicts a shift in the power structure in which the white oppressor is placed in the historical experience of the black oppressed. Moving forward from the past, a contemporary society is visualized where black people are the dominant force.
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McKinney, Cynthia Ann. ""El No Murio, El Se Multiplico!" Hugo Chávez : The Leadership and the Legacy on Race." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1431957422.
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Richey-Abbey, Laurel Rhea. "Bush Medicine in the Family Islands: The Medical Ethnobotany of Cat Island and Long Island, Bahamas." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1335445242.
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Castle, K. A. "An examination of the attitudes toward non-Europeans in British school history textbooks and childrens periodicals, 1890-1914 : With special reference to the Indian, the African and the Chinese." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372570.
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This s'tudy examinesthe imageof the Indian, the African, and the Chinese in British school history textbooks and childrens pericxiicals published between 1890 and 1914. This worlc both exemines the portrayal of the British in their historical and .corrtemporary relations with the three groups, and the selective information provided of the character and behaviour of the alien. These three groups were selected as representing areas of the world where the British had-particular interests in the pericxi, and illustrate the relationship between British attitudes and the particular historical experiences and contenporary concerns centred upon each of the three. The choice of textbooks and popular reading material reflected a desire to examinematerials read both for instruction and entertairnnent, and consider the relationship between the operation of the images in both. The s'tudy has deronstrated that both textbook historians and popular writers shared a concern that, Britain's youth should be secured in the prevailing attitudes toward race and nationality. The images which they presented of Britain's role in India, Africa and China, and of the nature of these countries' inhabitants, were mutually reinforcing. Entry for the foreigner into either set of materials dependeduponhis service in supporting and activating an appreciation of British national character and the maintenance of Empire. The sensi ti vity of the imageof the non-Europeanto Britain 's national concerns in this period was reflected in the era of the Boer War, whenthe textbooks and periodicals display a heightened patriotism which was reflected in the textbook's treatrrent of the Indian Mlltinyand periodical jingoism. Although the characterisation of each group differed in their particular contribution to the character formation of Britain's i.nperial sons and daughters, the study showshowclearly the historian and the popular juvenile press transrnitted images of the three which was dependent upon the controlling imperatives of Britain's national and imperial needs.
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Mboyi, Moukanda Laure Cynthia. "La pratique des échanges commerciaux dans la société précoloniale du Gabon : XVIe-[XIXe] siècles." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984318.
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Cette thèse porte sur la pratique des échanges et du commerce dans la société précoloniale du Gabon. L'enjeu est d'étudier cette pratique en privilégiant un angle d'approche général au départ, et en mettant en œuvre une démarche analytique progressive, afin de saisir les acteurs, les modes de production mais également les produits faisant l'objet de ces échanges. L'objet " La pratique des échanges commerciaux dans la société précoloniale du Gabon : XVIe-XIXe siècle " se situe à la croisée des relations internationales, de l'analyse des contacts avec les peuples de " l'extérieur ", de processus d'européanisation et peut donc faire l'objet d'approche différentes selon les variables qu'on entend privilégier. Nous avons choisi de l'étudier selon une démarche non seulement historique mais anthropologique et sociologique qui nous conduisent à privilégier certains concepts clés : historique des peuples, étude de leur milieu et mode de vie, configurations de relations entre acteurs structurant un nouvel espace social d'interactions. D'un point de vue méthodologique, cette étude s'appuie sur une démarche qualitative et privilégie l'usage des entretiens : le corpus de compose d'une cinquantaine d'entretiens, complétés par l'audio-visuel, la littérature spécialisée et grise sur le sujet. Elle se compose de deux parties, découpées en six (6) chapitres totaux. Dans une première partie, la thèse se concentre sur l'historique des peuples du Gabon précolonial en prenant en compte les facteurs, les circuits et les dénouements des migrations, en l'occurrence les implantations de ces groupes ethniques dans leur habitat actuel. Elle s'étend ensuite sur l'étude de l'organisation sociale politique et culturelle des peuples à travers l'analyse des structures parentale, matrimoniale, juridique et culturelle. Enfin, cette partie précise le contexte et le jeu des différents acteurs à l'origine du développement de ces échanges : la production agricole et artisanale favorisée d'une part par la division sociale du travail et la spécialisation des groupes et d'autre part par les failles écologiques (l'inégal répartition de ressources, aridité des sols, animaux dévastateurs des cultures). Dans un second temps, la thèse fait porter l'analyse sur le déroulement des activités d'échange d'une part et de commerce d'autre part. Elle met en relief les différents circuits empruntés par les acteurs et les produits ainsi que les zones d'aboutissement. D'abord, elle fait une description des échanges en milieu local mettent en scène les membres des mêmes milieux ou des milieux proches les uns des autres. Cette interdépendance observée au sein des groupes avait comme base les liens de familiarité ou d'amitié entre ces différents groupes d'acteurs concernés. Ensuite, est évoqué le système d'échange hors des territoires, quoi que le concept territoire ne soit qu'employé de façon péjorative. Cette catégorie d'échange fait naître des contacts entre les populations avec celles des localités environnantes du nord au sud, de l'est à l'ouest. Enfin, le poids de l'abolition de la traite des noirs joue à un niveau macro comme obstacle des activités économiques des européens, ce qui soulève dès lors des enjeux capitalistes pour ces derniers. La naissance de cette économie de traitre, mais également son déroulement et son ascendance sur l'économie traditionnelle préexistante font l'objet de notre troisième et dernier chapitre de cette seconde partie. Entre héritage et ajustements de nature, ces politiques économiques vont mettre en place de types de monnaies, de produits et d'habitudes. Là encore, le poids des cultures et des habitudes étrangères à ces peuples, limitaient la pratique des échanges traditionnels, développant les effets d'apprentissage aux métiers pourvoyeur du gain.
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Ilbiz, Ethem. "The impact of the European Union on Turkish counter-terrorism policy towards the Kurdistan Workers Party." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14280/.
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This study seeks to examine the impact of the EU on Turkish counter-terrorism policies towards the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). It analyses what impact it has had within three distinct periods: the pre-Helsinki European Council (1984-1999) period, the post-Helsinki European Council (1999-2004) period, and the post-Brussels European Council (2004-2013) period. It conceptualizes and empirically investigates the EU’s norm diffusion role by relying on the concept of “Rule Adoption”, and by utilising two norm diffusion mechanisms: the “Conditionality” and the “Socialization” mechanism, and their domestic and EU-level determinants. The thesis argues that when the EU has promoted democratisation in Turkey, it has also implicitly impacted on Turkey’s counter-terrorism policies. It argues for this thesis by generalizing from the following empirical findings: When the EU has provided a credible membership prospect to Turkey, and when the PKK attacks have been at a low-level, then the EU conditionality mechanism has been influential on Turkey’s adoption of EU promoted norms. However, when there has been no membership prospect and high levels of PKK violence, it has been the openness of Turkish political actors that has resulted in rule adoption, in which the social learning of the Turkish political actors has led to the adoption of EU promoted norms as an appropriate way to solve existing terrorism problems.
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Rhodes, Mark A. II. "“They Feel Me a Part of that Land”: Welsh Memorial Landscapes of Paul Robeson." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1430923136.
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Nibbs, Simone E. "Binding Ochre to Theory." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/122.
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Widely found throughout the archaeological and artistic records in capacities ranging from burial contexts to early evidence of artistic expression, red ochre has been studied in archaeological and art conservationist communities for decades. Despite this, literature discussing binders is disparate and often absent from accessible arenas. Red ochre is important historically because its use can be used to help further the understanding of early humans, their predecessors, and their cognitive capabilities. However, there is not much written speculation on the processes involved in binder selection, collection, and processing. Based on the idea of these three activities associated with binders, I propose a schema for what the use of already prepared and obtained items doubling as binders might look like in the archaeological record. Using an experiment in which I used red ochre mixed with various binders to paint standardized shapes on a rock surface, I propose ways in which more experiments could be done in this vein. I suggest ways in which scales of desirability can be created based on different traits painters might have found important in the binder selection process, such as ease of paint reconstitution, texture of the paint, and the appearance of the paint mixture once on the stone. This research is one small step in the direction of expanding and diversifying the literature on binders in prehistoric paintings, and opening new avenues of conversation about the choices and motivations of early painters.
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Kern, Mary Elizabeth. "La France au carrefour des cultures divergentes." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1270566971.
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Ebot, Tabe Fidelis. "The history of History in South African secondary schools, 1994-2006." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4379_1259564328.
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<p>"<br>This MA thesis investigates the decision to marginalize History in C2005 at a time when there were expectations of the importance of the discipline in a democratic South Africa. It argues that the marginalization of the discipline in C2005 was not solely based on pedagogical reasons, but that it might have been influenced by political agendas. My research provides support for this view with evidence of the procedures inside the relevant government education policy committees. In addition, it explores the debates and processes that led to the reinstatement of the discipline in the Revised National Curriculum Statement for schools that was approved in April 2002 by the South African Cabinet..."<br></p>
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Agbeti, John Kofi. "West African Church history. 1842-1970 /." Leiden ; New York ; København [etc] : E. J. Brill, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36682278v.
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Carroll, Nicole. "African American History at Colonial Williamsburg." W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626197.
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Mitsuda, Tatsuya. "The horse in European history, 1550-1900." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/248783.
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The dissertation, which bears the title ‘The horse in European history, 1550-1900’, breaks new ground in our understanding of European history by making sense out of the history of a continent once dominated by and dependent on horses. By placing the horse at the centre, the PhD, which adopts a broadly cultural historical approach, proposes to rise above the blindness of historians living within a post-equine age. Positing the concept of the ‘equine economy’, the thesis strives to comprehend the behaviour and beliefs of those involved within a world – split between the ‘riding’, ‘driving’ and ‘walking’ – in which conflict raged over access to, ownership of, knowledge about, and antipathies towards the horse. Revealing the extent to which the riding classes – who preferred the breeding of saddle horses and whose exalted opinions on equine matters were forged perched high on horseback – exerted a domineering influence over the equine economy, the thesis points to their possession of hippological knowledge, military pride in the cavalry arm, control of state studs, and institutional presence in veterinary schools and equestrian academies as evidence of horsemen’s power, which held firm until at least the end of the eighteenth century. But the thesis argues that, during the course of the nineteenth century, the driving classes, who favoured the breeding of draught horses and whose views were untainted through romantic associations with the ‘noble’ creature, dethroned the rider from his high horse, challenged the notion of ‘rider’s vision’, and consequently altered the nature of the equine economy, so that it better served the needs of wider society. Such was the collective impact of activities like horseracing and the circus (hippodrama), which placed the horse and not the rider on centre stage, that they ultimately prepared the basis on which commerce, agriculture, industry, and science could lay claim to the horse – not as something special, but as a traded product like any other. Even so, the demise of riding and the rise of driving was neither a simple nor linear process, with horsemen responding frequently to the challenges that a new way of looking at horses posed, leading, the thesis argues, to initiatives, such as steeplechase racing and long-distance events, that were designed to re-establish the pre-eminence of horsemen into the late nineteenth century. By the same token, the urban environment, which saw pedestrians enter the fray as opponents of ‘driving’, sparked off fears about the powers that the walking mob could wield, facilitating the revival of ‘riding’ – in the form of mounted police or cavalry – as a useful means of quelling social and political unrest during the same period. Ultimately, the thesis advocates a nuanced approach – which does justice to the variety, diversity and complexity of the role, use and position of the horse within European history – believing that such a holistic perspective allows for a much closer understanding of the dynamics of a world dominated by and dependent on horses.
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Kloppers, Roelie J. "The history and representation of the history of the Mabudu-Tembe." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16366.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: History is often manipulated to achieve contemporary goals. Writing or narrating history is not merely
a recoding or a narration of objective facts, but a value-laden process often conforming to the goals of
the writer or narrator. This study examines the ways in which the history of the Mabudu chiefdom has
been manipulated to achieve political goals. Through an analysis of the history of the Mabudu
chiefdom and the manner in which that history has been represented, this study illustrates that history is
not merely a collection of verifiable facts, but rather a collection of stories open to interpretation and
manipulation.
In the middle of the eighteenth century the Mabudu or Mabudu-Tembe was the strongest political and
economic unit in south-east Africa. Their authority only declined with state formation amongst the
Swazi and Zulu in the early nineteenth century. Although the Zulu never defeated the Mabudu, the
Mabudu were forced to pay tribute to the Zulu. In the 1980s the Prime Minister of KwaZulu,
Mangusotho Buthelezi, used this fact as proof that the people of Maputaland (Mabudu-land) should be
part of the Zulu nation-state.
By the latter part of the nineteenth century Britain, Portugal and the South African Republic laid claim
to Maputaland. In 1875 the French President arbitrated in the matter and drew a line along the current
South Africa/ Mozambique border that would divide the British and French spheres of influence in
south-east Africa. The line cut straight through the Mabudu chiefdom. In 1897 Britain formally
annexed what was then called AmaThongaland as an area independent of Zululand, which was
administered as ‘trust land’ for the Mabudu people. When deciding on a place for the Mabudu in its Grand Apartheid scheme, the South African
Government ignored the fact that the Mabudu were never defeated by the Zulu or incorporated into the
Zulu Empire. Until the late 1960s the government recognised the people of Maputaland as ethnically
Tsonga, but in 1976 Maputaland was incorporated into the KwaZulu Homeland and the people
classified as Zulu.
In 1982 the issue was raised again when the South African Government planned to cede Maputaland to
Swaziland. The government and some independent institutions launched research into the historic and
ethnic ties of the people of Maputaland. Based on the same historical facts, contrasting claims were
made about the historical and ethnic ties of the people of Maputaland.
Maputaland remained part of KwaZulu and is still claimed by the Zulu king as part of his kingdom.
The Zulu use the fact that the Mabudu paid tribute in the 1800s as evidence of their dominance. The
Mabudu, on the other hand, use the same argument to prove their independence, only stating that
tribute never meant subordination, but only the installation of friendly relations. This is a perfect
example of how the same facts can be interpreted differently to achieve different goals and illustrates
that history cannot be equated with objective fact.
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Joseph, Darel. "The Adversity Pop Culture Has Posed." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1877.
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I am a collage artist working with multiple mediums such as paint, photography, video, audio, and performance. As a New Orleans’ native, I have a unique history that is unflattering, for my history echoes that of America’s historical misdeeds. I make sociopolitical art because I am of a historically oppressed people. I make art that celebrates my diverse culture that is a collage of Native American, African, and New Orleans’ French Creole.
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Mthethwa, Absalom Muziwethu. "The history of abakwaMthethwa." Thesis, University of Zululand, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1193.
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A research project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for B.A. Honours degree in the Department of History at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 1995.<br>AbaKwaMthethwa form a very important component of the
Zulu nation as we know it today. They were in fact
the vanguards in the implementation of the idea of a
confederation of smaller states (clans) under one
supreme ruler or a king who become their overlord.
The history of abaKwaMthethwa is so wide that one
would need volumes to do justice to it. This project
is only going to deal with their movement from around
uBombo mountains round about AD 1500 to 1818 when
king Dingiswyo was assassinated by Zwide, inkosi of
the Ndwandwe people.
This project will furthermore concentrate on the life
of Dingiswayo from the time he escaped death from his
father. The project also seeks to examine the
controversy surrounding Dingiswayo's formative
journey. It is intended that Dingiswayo's influence
and his contribution socially, politically, military
and economically to the upliftment of the Mthethwa
confederacy will be examined. Finally mention will
be made of the royal imizi, some principal imizi not
necessarily royal ones, as well as religious imizi
that are to be found at KwaMthethwa.
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Heise, Steven K. F. "An Atlantic Reformation: Abolitionism in the Anglo-American Atlantic World, 1770-1807." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1219166049.
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Wu, Shuang. "British Press Coverage of Nazi Antisemitism, 1933 - 1938." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531941751035663.
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Anderson, Scott. "Revolution of Reforms: The Kingdom of Bavaria in the Napoleonic Era, 1799-1815." TopSCHOLAR®, 1995. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/926.
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For many years, scholarship covering the Napoleonic satellite kingdoms has centered on the overriding presence of Napoleon Bonaparte without looking a great deal at the kingdoms that supported him. Since the recent publication of Stuart Woolf's Napoleon's Integration of Europe the focus of study on these satellite kingdoms will change. Bavaria's history in particular needs to be examined, especially since a clear study will reveal much of Bavaria's modernization during these years was already underway before Napoleon assimilated it into his empire. However, much of that progressive policy would not have been enacted without Napoleon's protection. This project therefore will represent an attempt to show that the reform policies of Maximilian von Montgelas and his lord, Max Joseph of Bavaria, were well underway before the advent of the Confederation of the Rhine, that Napoleon's dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire was paramount to the success of Montgelas' policy, and that Bavaria's zeal for reform was tightly bound up with a new upper-middle class and was not a German nationalist movement as later historians have assumed. The answers to these questions will reveal much about the nature of reform and modernization in the German minor states and that the intellectuals of the early 19th Century had much less to do with these movements than is generally believed. This project will rest on primary sources from the 1799-1815 period, primarily Montgelas' memoirs and much of the enormous material left by Napoleon Bonaparte and his ministers. Whenever secondary sources are used it will be the intent of the author to utilize primary quotations from within those texts as much as possible. In the end, it will be seen that the "revolution" in Bavaria owed much to Napoleon but not its existence. Likewise it will be clearly seen that these reforms were undertaken by bureaucrats and not on the whole by the supporters of German romantic philosophers, and that Bavaria's allegiance was entirely local and had very little to do with any drive for German unification.