Academic literature on the topic 'History (Anglo-Saxon Period)'
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Journal articles on the topic "History (Anglo-Saxon Period)"
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Calcagno, Julian. "The value of weoro: A historical sociological analysis of honour in Anglo-Saxon society." Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association 17, no. 1 (2021): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35253/jaema.2021.1.3.
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The values that underpin the Anglo-Saxon concept of honour changed at the beginning of the sixth century. During this period, Anglo-Saxon kingdoms enshrined a new era of cultural and religious fervour, inculcating new practices of honour among the new Christianised Anglo-Saxon elite. This paper demonstrates the transition from pagan to Christian honour systems. Historians have often examined honour through concepts based on comparisons or 'terms of art', for example 'Bushido' in Japan, 'Futuwwa' in Islam, and 'chivalry' in Christianised later-medieval Europe. This paper emulates these examples by examining honour in Anglo-Saxon society through use of the Old English term weoro, an under-studied phenomenon. Unlike Bushido or chivalry, weoro does not imply a mandated way of living. Weoro is instead pervasive, encompassing many modes of Anglo-Saxon life: poetry, giving- and -receiving, burial, kin, and bestowing honours. This paper combines sociological analysis with historical evidence.
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Matamoros, Juan Baños-Sánchez, and Fernando Gutiérrez-Hidalgo. "PATTERNS OF ACCOUNTING HISTORY LITERATURE: MOVEMENTS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY." Accounting Historians Journal 37, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.37.2.123.
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This paper addresses and updates the challenge made by Carmona [2004] regarding the need to broaden the accounting history literature into periods, settings, and sectors outside those traditionally published in specialist journals. For this purpose, we review three international journals – the Accounting Historians Journal; Accounting, Business & Financial History; and Accounting History – and two national publications – Rivista di Contabilita e Cultura Aziendali (Italy) and De Computis (Spain) – over the period 2000–2008. The results show changes in the publishing patterns of accounting history research. We also explore whether non-Anglo-Saxon researchers have widened the settings, periods, and sectors studied from those of Anglo-Saxon researchers, thus altering the traditional focus of accounting history research.
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Hamerow, H., Y. Hollevoet, and A. Vince. "Migration Period Settlements and ‘Anglo-Saxon’ Pottery from Flanders." Medieval Archaeology 38, no. 1 (January 1994): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00766097.1994.11735564.
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Sweet, Rosemary. "The Recovery of the Anglo-Saxon Past, c.1770–1850." English Historical Review 136, no. 579 (April 1, 2021): 304–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceab108.
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Abstract Between the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries, a remarkable shift took place in the reception of England’s Anglo-Saxon past. During the eighteenth century the contributions of the Anglo-Saxons to English traditions of political liberty and the common law were acknowledged—and highly prized—but as a people, they were also indelibly associated with the barbarism of the Dark Ages. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, attitudes had shifted substantively. While the debt to Anglo-Saxon legal and political institutions was still acknowledged, it was, relatively speaking, diminished and the focus was rather upon their role in the development of the nation and the shaping of English national character. They were rendered more conformable forebears for the increasingly urban, domestic and commercial society of nineteenth-century England. This article analyses how such a reconceptualisation came about. Rather than concentrating on the emergence of a discourse of race or national character or tracing the emergence of rigorous philological inquiry into Old English, it focuses upon the production of historical knowledge that permitted the development of a more varied, nuanced and fuller history of the Anglo-Saxon period. In doing so, the article illuminates the porosity of the boundaries between antiquarian and historical activity, and argues that the recovery of the Anglo-Saxon past in this period was shaped by a complex set of influences, which an emphasis upon the emergence of a discourse of race alone obscures.
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HAMILTON, SARAH. "LITURGY AS HISTORY: THE ORIGINS OF THE EXETER MARTYROLOGY." Traditio 74 (2019): 179–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tdo.2019.11.
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Through an Anglo-Norman case study, this article highlights the value of normative liturgical material for scholars interested in the role that saints’ cults played in the history and identity of religious communities. The records of Anglo-Saxon cults are largely the work of Anglo-Norman monks. Historians exploring why this was the case have therefore concentrated upon hagiographical texts about individual Anglo-Saxon saints composed in and for monastic communities in the post-Conquest period. This article shifts the focus away from the monastic to those secular clerical communities that did not commission specific accounts, and away from individual cults, to uncover the potential of historical martyrologies for showing how such secular communities remembered and understood their own past through the cult of saints. Exeter Cathedral Library, MS 3518, is a copy of the martyrology by the ninth-century Frankish monk, Usuard of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, written in and for Exeter cathedral's canons in the mid-twelfth century. Through investigation of the context in which it was produced and how its contents were adapted to this locality, this article uncovers the various different layers of the past behind its compilation. It further suggests that this manuscript is based on a pre-Conquest model, pointing to the textual debt Anglo-Norman churchmen owed to their Anglo-Saxon predecessors.
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Javed, Muhammad. "A Study of Old English Period (450 AD to 1066 AD)." IJOHMN (International Journal online of Humanities) 5, no. 6 (December 10, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijohmn.v5i6.154.
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In this study, the researcher has talked about Old English or Anglo-Saxons history and literature. He has mentioned that this period contains the formation of an English Nation with a lot of the sides that endure today as well as the regional regime of shires and hundreds. For the duration of this period, Christianity was proven and there was a peak of literature and language. Law and charters were also proven. The researcher has also mentioned that what literature is written in Anglo-Saxon England and in Old English from the 450 AD to the periods after the Norman Conquest of 1066 AD. He also has argued that from where the composed literature begun of the era with reference to the written and composed literature. The major writers of the age are also discussed with their major works. There is slightly touch of the kings of the time have been given in the study with their great contribution with the era. The researcher also declared that what kinds of literary genres were there in the era. It is the very strong mark that Anglo-Saxon poetic literature has bottomless roots in oral tradition but observance with the ethnic performs we have seen elsewhere in Anglo-Saxon culture, there was an amalgamation amid custom and new knowledge. It has been also declared that from which part literary prose of Anglo-Saxon dates and in what language it was written earlier in the power of Ruler Alfred (governed 871–99), who operated to give a new lease of life English culture afterwards the overwhelming Danish attacks ended. As barely anybody could read Latin, Alfred translated or had translated the greatest significant Latin manuscripts. There another prominent thing discussed in the study which is the problem of assigning dates to various manuscripts of the era.
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Reynolds, Susan. "What Do We Mean by “Anglo-Saxon” and “Anglo-Saxons”?" Journal of British Studies 24, no. 4 (October 1985): 395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/385844.
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The immediate answer to the question posed in the title is given with characteristic dry clarity by James Murray in that great work of English history the Oxford English Dictionary. Murray's first definition is “English Saxon, Saxon of England: orig. a collective name for the Saxons of Britain as distinct from the ‘Old Saxons’ of the continent. Hence, properly applied to the Saxons (or Wessex, Essex, Middlesex, Sussex, and perhaps Kent), as distinct from the Angles.” After explaining that, “in this Dictionary, the language of England before 1100 is called, as a whole, ‘Old English,’”Murray then goes on to say that the adjective “Anglo-Saxon” is “extended to the entire Old English people and language before the Norman Conquest.” Neither he nor the Supplement mentions explicitly the almost purely chronological use of “Anglo-Saxon” to describe the whole period of English history between 400 and 1066 that is now current, but it is easy to see how this has derived from the usage they expound.What the original edition goes on to do, moreover, is to give an account of a wider use of the word that beautifully encapsulates the beliefs about culture and descent that lie behind it. The expression “Anglo-Saxon,” according to the Oxford English Dictionary, was then—that is, in the late nineteenth century—used “rhetorically for English in its wider or ethnological sense, in order to avoid the later historical restriction of ‘English’ as distinct from Scotch, or the modern political restriction of ‘English’ as opposed to American of the United States; thus applied to (1) all persons of Teutonic descent (or who reckon themselves such) in Britain, whether of English, Scotch, or Irish birth; (2) all of this descent in the world, whether subjects of Great Britain or of the United States.”
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Frost, Robert. "EARLY MODERN STATE-BUILDING, THE SCANDINAVIAN MACHTSTAAT, AND THE SHORTCOMINGS OF ANGLO-SAXON SCHOLARSHIP." Journal of Early Modern History 7, no. 1 (2003): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006503322487395.
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AbstractThis Review Article discusses recent work on the Scandinavian Machtstaat, taking a critical attitude towards recent Anglo-Saxon scholarship on the state and absolute monarchy in the early modern period.
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Timofeeva, Olga. "The Viking outgroup in early medieval English chronicles." Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 83–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jhsl-2016-0004.
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AbstractThis paper relates diachronic change in discourse strategies of the Viking-age historical writing to political changes of the period and to communities of practice that produce these histories and chronicles. It examines the labels and stereotypes applied to the Vikings and establishes their sources and evolution by applying a fourfold chronological division of historical sources from around 800 to 1200 (based on the political developments within Anglo-Saxon history and on the manuscript history of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle). The data for the study come from both Old English and Anglo-Latin chronicles. The results are interpreted in terms of critical discourse analysis. It is demonstrated that the chroniclers employ strategies of dissimilation exploiting the notion of illegitimacy and criminality of the Viking outgroup. These strategies change over time, depending on the political situation (raiding vs. settlement vs. reconquest period) and communities of practice involved in the maintenance and dissemination of a particular political discourse.
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Bishop, Chris. "Stretching the truth?: The 'rack' in Anglo-Saxon England." Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association 9 (2013): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.35253/jaema.2013.1.4.
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The conceived history of the torture rack delineates a clear line of descent from classical Greece, through ancient Rome, and into the Middle Ages where it becomes synonymous in the popular imagination with the dungeon and the inquisition. This paper questions that history. There is little proof that the rack was used in Greece and strong evidence that it was not used in Rome. Moreover, an examination of the translation practices of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries would seem to illuminate a critical moment at which these facts were obscured. The specific focus of this paper is on the ways in which this translational shift affected Anglo-Saxon studies, although there is also a considerable discussion of sources from the classical period and from Late Antiquity.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "History (Anglo-Saxon Period)"
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Roach, Levi Nyasha. "Meetings of the Witan in Anglo-Saxon England, 871-978." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610012.
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O'Brien, Elizabeth. "Post-Roman Britain to Anglo-Saxon England : the burial evidence reviewed." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e415687f-4964-4225-8bc3-23e4ab8e5e78.
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This thesis is the result of a decision to extend the approach used by me when examining Irish burial practices, to a review of the archaeological and documentary record for burial practices and associated phenomena in the transitional period from late/post-Roman Britain to Anglo-Saxon England. The study considers burial rites; the method of disposal of physical remains, the position and orientation of bodies, and burial structures and enclosures: grave-goods are only referred to when they are pertinent to a particular line of argument. My intention is to draw together the various aspects of burial of the Iron Age, Romano-British and Anglo-Saxon periods in order to look at the overall picture. Occasionally this may mean stating the obvious, but by noting and plotting distributions of various burial traits first in the Iron Age and Romano-British periods, and then comparing these traits with the Anglo-Saxon period some revealing results can be obtained. It was important to begin with the Iron Age since some minority practices current in the early Anglo-Saxon period had a continuous history from the pre-Roman period. They are of importance in demonstrating the continuities that existed alongside major changes. [continued in text ...]
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Klingle, David Adam. "The use of skeletal evidence to understand the transition from Roman to Anglo-Saxon Cambridgeshire and Bedfordshire." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609949.
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Boyden, Peter Bruce. "A study in the structure of land holding and administration in Essex in the late Anglo-Saxon period." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1986. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/28849.
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This study explores some of the implications of the distribution of estates between the landholders of Essex in 1066. Emphasis is placed on the immediate background of land ownership in Essex during the reign of Edward the Confessor, though some attention is paid to the earlier history of the shire. The principal source for the investigation is the pre-Conquest data recorded in the Essex folios of Domesday Book. In the first part the broad outlines of the structure of landholding society are considered. Particular attention is paid to those with large amounts of land, although the less extensive holdings of, freemen and sokemen are also discussed. Charters, will's and other pre-Conquest documents provide information on the earlier tenurial history of some estates, and from them and other evidence a model is proposed of the trends in land tenure in Essex between c900 and 1066. In an appendix identifiable lay landholders are listed with details of their estates, whilst in the body of the text the pre-Conquest holdings of ecclesiastical institutions are examined in detail. The second part of the study considers the evolution of the institutions 'of public administration within the shire, and where relevant the influence upon them of powerful landholders. This influence is seen most clearly in the hundreds, and an attempt is made to reconstruct the earlier history of the 1066 Essex hundreds, in particular the evolution of those in the west of the shire. The varying fortunes of the Essex burhs are considered in the light of the output from their mints. To complete the picture evidence of pre-Conquest private lordship - soke, -and commendation - is examined.
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Green, Thomas. "A re-evaluation of the evidence of Anglian-British interaction in the Lincoln region." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5b6c3700-8972-44a4-831d-442241862a54.
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This thesis offers an interdisciplinary approach to the period between c. AD 400 and 650 in the Lincoln region, considering in depth not only the archaeological evidence, but also the historical, literary and linguistic. It is argued that by using all of this material together, significant advances can be made in our understanding of what occurred in these centuries, most especially with regard to Anglian-British interaction in this period. It is contended that this evidence, when taken together, requires that a British polity named *Lindēs was based at Lincoln into the sixth century, and that the seventh-century Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Lindsey (Old English Lindissi < Late British *Lindēs-) had an intimate connection to this British political unit. In addition to investigating the evidence for Anglian-British interaction in this region and the potential legacies of British *Lindēs, this thesis also provides a detailed analysis of the nature of the Anglo-Saxon population-groups that were present in the Lincoln region from the mid-fifth century onwards, including those of *Lindēs-Lindissi and also more southerly groups, such as the Spalde/Spaldingas. The picture which emerges is arguably not simply of importance from the perspective of the history of the Lincoln region but also nationally, helping to answer key questions regarding the origins of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, the nature and extent of Anglian-British interaction in the core areas of Anglo-Saxon immigration, and the conquest and settlement of Northumbria.
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Coke-Woods, Alexander John. "The culture of vernacular historical writing in late ninth-century England." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609426.
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Raich, Susan Alice. "The sea in the Anglo-Norman realm, c. 1050 to c. 1180." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708404.
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Morgan, Pamela E. "Saints and edges in Anglo-Saxon Britain : representations of saints in vernacular and Latin texts with attention to cultural context and theories of liminality." Thesis, Swansea University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678365.
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Lloyd-Jones, Glyn Francis Michael. "Britain after the Romans : an interdisciplinary approach to the possibilities of an Adventus Saxonum." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019806.
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In the fifth century, after the departure of the Romans, according to tradition, which is based on the ancient written sources, Britain was invaded by the Angles and Saxons. This view has been questioned in the last century. The size of the ‘invasion’, and indeed its very existence, have come into doubt. However, this doubting school of thought does not seem to take into account all of the evidence. An interdisciplinary, nuanced approach has been taken in this thesis. Firstly, the question of Germanic raiding has been examined, with reference to the Saxon Shore defences. It is argued that these defences, in their geographical context, point to the likelihood of raiding. Then the written sources have been re-examined, as well as physical artefacts. In addition to geography, literature and archaeology (the disciplines which are most commonly used when the coming of the Angles and Saxons is investigated), linguistic and genetic data have been examined. The fields of linguistics and genetics, which have not often both been taken into consideration with previous approaches, add a number of valuable insights. This nuanced approach yields a picture of events that rules out the ‘traditional view’ in some ways, such as the idea that the Saxons exterminated the Britons altogether, but corroborates it in other ways. There was an invasion of a kind (of Angles – not Saxons), who came in comparatively small numbers, but found in Britain a society already mixed and comprising Celtic and Germanic-speaking peoples: a society implied by Caesar and Tacitus and corroborated by linguistic and genetic data.
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Walker, Jessica Lorraine. "Our Anglo-Saxon ancestors : Thomas Jefferson and the role of English history in the building of the American nation." University of Western Australia. School of Humanities, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0209.
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This thesis contends that Anglo-Saxon studies made a powerful contribution to Thomas Jefferson's development of public concepts of American identity and nationalism in ways that have been elided by scholars preoccupied with Jefferson's classicism. Jefferson's comprehensive survey of Anglo-Saxon grammar, language, law and emigration provided him with a precedent for revolution and helped him develop a model of American nationhood. Jefferson's detailed study of the Anglo-Saxon era set him apart from writers on both sides of the Atlantic in the period 1750-1860, and this thesis will argue that to generalize his interest as 'whig history' or a subscription to a theory of Teutonic superiority is unjustified. Chapter One considers Jefferson's educational background, his exposure to Anglo-Saxon history and the degree to which he might have been encouraged to pursue it. Previous studies of Jefferson's Anglo-Saxonism have presumed that there was a 'Gothic font' from which American Founding Fathers could drink; the detailed study of Anglo-Saxon historiography in this chapter will show otherwise. Chapter Two is concerned with a detailed examination of the collections of books relating to Anglo-Saxon history and language that Jefferson collected throughout his lifetime. If Jefferson was concerned with whig dialogues, or interested in the Saxons as a product of a passion for Tacitus we should find evidence of it here. In fact, the study of Jefferson's library in Chapter Two demonstrates that Jefferson was genuinely an expert Anglo-Saxon scholar and regarded that knowledge base as a political tool. Chapters Three and Four constitute detailed examinations of the nationalist use to which Jefferson put his understanding of early English history. Chapter Three considers the problem of shared heritage with Britain confronting the American statesman in the 1760s and 1770s and his employment of pre-Norman history in resolving this conflict. Chapter Four enlarges upon the study of American national identity, with specific reference to the linguistic debates following on the Revolution. This chapter revolves around a reconsideration of Jefferson's Anglo-Saxon Essay and his attempts to introduce this language into the education of future American statesmen. Jefferson's examination of Anglo-Saxon history, when considered in this light, seems oddly discordant with the simplistic notion of Jefferson as a founder of Teutonic superiority. Chapter Five is interested in Jefferson's impact on historical rhetoric in the nineteenth century. Thomas Jefferson used English history as an aid to separating an American nation from the British Empire and he believed that Americans could look to their Anglo-Saxon ancestors for a precedent that would justify their independence from Britain. He saw in Anglo-Saxon studies a means for appropriating those parts of English history that could underpin a national identity defined by freedom, initiative, and perhaps a racial predilection for democracy, while simultaneously rejecting Britain's authority in his present.
Books on the topic "History (Anglo-Saxon Period)"
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M, Stenton F. Anglo-Saxon England. 3rd ed. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press, 2001.
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International Society of Anglo-Saxonists. Conference, ed. Anglo-Saxon traces. Tempe, Ariz: ACMRS (Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies), 2011.
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H, Sawyer P., ed. Worcestershire Anglo-Saxon charter bounds. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, 1990.
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John, Eric. Reassessing Anglo-Saxon England. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1996.
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Hooke, Della. Warwickshire Anglo-Saxon charter bounds. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: Boydell Press, 1999.
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Hayashi, Hiroshi. Essays in Anglo-Saxon law and history.: A study of express legislative development in the Anglo-Saxon period. 2nd ed. Tokyo: Hiroshi Hayashi, 1992.
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Andrew, Reynolds. Later Anglo-Saxon England: Life & landscape. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus, 2002.
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Schnabel, Reinhold. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Germany." In IMISCOE Research Series, 179–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_12.
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Abstract Migration patterns in Germany have changed considerably during the post-war period. The active recruitment of “guest workers” stopped during the 1970s and was replaced by family reunification. Two big crisis-driven immigration waves swept Germany, following the collapse of Yugoslavia and the crises in the countries from Syria to Afghanistan. These immigration waves triggered legislation aimed at reducing immigration incentives, especially in the asylum law. From the early 2000s on, German policy turned more liberal following the EU Directives on freedom of movement and for highly qualified persons from non-EEA countries. Migration patterns changed dramatically, with EEA countries becoming the leading source of German immigration. EEA countries replaced the Anglo-Saxon immigration countries as the leading sources and destinations of migration. It is reassuring for economic policy that EU migrants, notably from Bulgaria and Romania, display high levels of employment and have boosted German employment, while unemployment rates reached historic lows. During the past decades, migration obstacles for EEA citizens have been lowered or abolished. Main obstacles to immigration of non-EEA citizens persist due to the restrictive law on residence permits. As a result, student visas, academic credentials, or family reunification are the main legal pathways to Germany. Given the difficulty to proof the equivalence of a foreign non-academic degree, it is far more promising for persons from third countries to apply for asylum with the chance to get a permanent residence permit after several years as a tolerated migrant.
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Henry, Loyn. "Anglo-Saxon England." In A Century of British Medieval Studies. British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263952.003.0002.
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This chapter examines British research on the history of Anglo-Saxon England. There are about two hundred significant books and a thousand or so significant articles wholly or partly devoted to the history of England between c. 450 and 1066 written by British scholars. One of the most pioneering works was Anglo-Saxon England by F.M. Stenton which covers the period from 500 to 1087. Other notable British publications during the twentieth century include The History of England from the Earliest Times to the Norman Conquest by Thomas Hodgkin and England before the Norman Conquest by Sir Charles Oman.
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Brady, Lindy. "Introduction: the Dunsæte Agreement and daily life in the Welsh borderlands." In Writing the Welsh Borderlands in Anglo-Saxon England. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781784994198.003.0001.
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Writing the Welsh borderlands in Anglo-Saxon England argues that the Welsh borderlands formed a culturally distinctive region during the Anglo-Saxon period. The book begins with a close examination of a late Old English legal text known as the Dunsæte agreement, which governs procedure for the recovery of stolen cattle taken across the river which ran between the Welsh and English banks of the Dunsæte territory. This text reflects Anglo-Welsh equality, community, and cooperation, providing a window into the lived reality of the borderlands: it was a region where two peoples lived together for hundreds of years, not simply a space of endless warfare as it is often understood in scholarship on early medieval Britain. The introduction contextualizes this book within recent work in postcolonial studies, border/frontier studies, and the history of Anglo/Welsh relations, laying out a case for why the Welsh borderlands should be understood as a distinctive region during the Anglo-Saxon period.
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Neidorf, Leonard. "Language History." In The Transmission of "Beowulf". Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501705113.003.0002.
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This chapter assesses the particular language quirks of Beowulf’s transmission. The failure of the scribes to comprehend the language of Beowulf would not be relevant to the transmission of the text if the task of the scribe were to reproduce the letters encountered in the exemplar without modification. However, for the Anglo-Saxon scribe, the task of the mechanical reproduction of the text was complicated by the imperative to modify its superficial, nonstructural features. Language change frequently induced the scribes to make minor alterations to the text that inadvertently deprived it of sense, grammar, alliteration, or meter. These alterations offer valuable insights into the history of the English language—particularly, into some specific ways that the language had changed between the period when Beowulf was composed and the period when its extant manuscript was produced.
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Gannon, Anna. "Introduction." In The Iconography of Early Anglo-Saxon Coinage. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199254651.003.0004.
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In his introduction to Thrymsas and Sceattas, Michael Metcalf stated: ‘There are two kinds of book to be written about Anglo-Saxon coins of the seventh and eighth centuries, namely one to set out the arguments which establish where and when the coins were struck, and in what percentage, and another to describe how they circulated and to discuss the purpose for which they were used: one kind of book on numismatics, the other on monetary history.’ This work however will attempt a third way: it will be an art-historical appraisal of Anglo-Saxon coinage, from its inception in the late sixth century to Offa’s second reform of the penny c.792. Artistically, this is the most exciting period of English coinage, with die-cutters showing flair and innovation and employing hundreds of different designs in their work, yet coins, with the exception of the pioneering work of Baldwin Brown, are rarely included in surveys of Anglo-Saxon art. Coins have often provided illustrations to history books. However, in contrast to Metcalf’s contribution in the book edited by Campbell in 1982, where, albeit from a numismatic perspective, the charm and variety of the types were stressed, and several specimens illustrated, no coin made it onto the pages of Wilson’s Anglo-Saxon Art of 1984, but only the statement: ‘coins provide a fruitful area of stylistic analysis, but, with rare exceptions, show few distinctive or important ornamental traits’. That coins are mentioned, and three specimens illustrated in Laing and Laing 1996, is probably due to the 1991 British Museum exhibition, ‘The Making of England’, and the catalogue that accompanied it, which stressed the importance of the coinage as a historical document, but more fundamentally presented it as an integral part of the visual culture of the time. The same innovative approach was apparent in the 1997 ‘Heirs of Rome’ exhibition, where emphasis was placed on the iconography of the coinage as a bearer of meaning. These efforts have certainly contributed to a new awareness of the richness of the material. Although in recent years this early phase of Anglo-Saxon coinage has been the subject of extensive numismatic research, that much can be gained from comparing and contrasting coin iconography from an art-historical stance was demonstrated by Mary Morehart’s contributions to the numismatic debate.
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Wells, Peter S. "The Visuality of Objects, Past and Present." In How Ancient Europeans Saw the World. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691143385.003.0013.
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This chapter argues that the “Roman conquest” of parts of temperate Europe was not as all-changing as most history books would suggest. The idea of a “Roman Europe,” in the sense of European provinces practicing Roman culture—in particular, Roman ways of seeing—needs considerable revision. Much evidence suggests that Middle Iron Age modes of visual perception and ways of crafting objects continued throughout the period of Roman political domination to reemerge in the so-called “early Germanic” style of the early Middle Ages, as well as in “Celtic” objects such as the Book of Kells and the traditions known as “Anglo-Saxon” and “Viking” art.
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Cameron, Averil. "Absence." In Byzantine Matters, 7–25. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196855.003.0002.
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This chapter examines Byzantium's absence from the wider historical discourse. Part of the reason for this absence is that it has been relegated to the sphere of negativity. The very name that people use today—“Byzantium”—was a derogatory coinage of the early modern period, and Byzantium has traditionally been the subject of adverse comparisons with Rome and with everything classical. Autocracy, bureaucracy, deviousness, and a stultifying lack of originality—all still seem to go together with the word “Byzantium,” underpinned by the ever-present awareness that in the end Byzantium “fell.” In general historiography, Byzantium is either nonexistent or in between. In many Anglo-Saxon history departments, Byzantium is regarded as a niche specialization, while among books intended for the general reader, many of the most successful continue to emphasize court intrigue or a romanticized view of Orthodoxy. The chapter then looks at the role played by Orthodoxy in Byzantium. It also studies Byzantine literature.
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Rippon, Stephen. "Introduction: The evolution of territorial identities in the English landscape." In Kingdom, Civitas, and County. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759379.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
This is a study of the territorial structures within which past communities managed their landscapes. Today, we live our lives within a complex hierarchy of administrative units that includes parishes, districts, counties, and nations, and while some of these are recent in origin, others are deeply rooted in the past: most parts of England, for example, still have counties that are direct successors to the shires recorded in Domesday and which still form the basis for our local government. These territorial entities are an important part of our history, giving communities a sense of place and identity, and this book will explore where this aspect of our landscape has come from: might county names such as Essex— meaning the ‘East Saxons’—suggest that they originated as early Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, and if so, what was the relationship between these kingdoms and the Romano-British civitates and Iron Age kingdoms that preceded them? The idea that the landscape all around us has a long and complex history is a familiar one. For a long time, however, continuity stretching back to the Roman period and beyond was thought to be rare. Archaeologists and historians have argued that once Britain ceased to be part of the Roman Empire, its economy collapsed, and it was not long before hordes of Angles and Saxons sailed across the North Sea and dispossessed the Britons of their land. This was thought to have marked the onset of the ‘dark ages’ before the flowering of a new era of civilization—the ‘Middle Ages’—a few centuries later. Although this was the view when Hoskins (1955) wrote his Making of the English Landscape, it is noteworthy that in the same year Finberg (1955) published a short paper speculating that there may have been considerable continuitywithin the landscape at Withington in Gloucestershire. Overall, however, while some Romanists saw a degree of overlap and continuity during the Anglo-Saxon colonization, most saw the fifth century as one of dramatic change reflected in the apparent desertion of most towns and villas, the collapse of market-based trade and manufacturing, and the introduction of entirely new forms of architecture, burial practice and material culture (see Esmonde Cleary 2014, 3 for a historiography).
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Heere, Cees. "Introduction." In Empire Ascendant, 1–7. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837398.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The formation of the Anglo-Japanese alliance in February 1902 marked an important moment in modern diplomatic history: for the first time in decades, a European power concluded a nominally equal defensive partnership with an Asian state. But the alliance’s crossing of the ‘global colour line’ was politically fraught from the outset, and would become more so as Japan came to pose an ever more explicit challenge to the racial orders on which the British imperial system rested. While Japan came to play a pivotal role in the geostrategic security of the British Empire in Asia, it was simultaneously denounced as a ‘yellow peril’ to British (or ‘Anglo-Saxon’) ascendancy in the Pacific. By examining the Anglo-Japanese relationship along the twinned arcs of empire and race, this book does two things. First, it offers new insight in how Japan’s integration in the international order was complicated by race. Second, it shows how the Japanese ‘question’ came to shape the evolution of the Edwardian British Empire.