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1
Tan, WeiYu Wayne. "The Careers of the Blind in Tokugawa Japan, 1603-1868." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467393.
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The blind deviate from bodily ideals and how we make sense of this difference matters. My dissertation examines the blind in Tokugawa Japan (1603–1868) to offer a contrasting perspective on disability from a non-Western society. The blind were impaired but not disabled. They were, in fact, enabled and engaged in careers that were mostly unthinkable to their peers in other contemporary societies.
By far the most important enabling factor was the growth of a core institution called the tôdôza. I focus on the main professions through which the blind made their living—musical performance, moneylending, and medicine—and their relationships with the tôdôza. In my discussion, I investigate surprising aspects of the careers of the blind. These characteristics not only reflect the complex social history of the blind, but also reveal the intersections with critical developments in Tokugawa society.
Founded as a society of blind musicians, the tôdôza was transformed into a political institution and later, a profit-driven organization of diverse professions. The narrative analyzes the social, political, and economic contexts of this transformation. Chapter one discusses the hierarchy of the tôdôza and the financial motives of moneylending. Chapter two looks at how rituals and myths were appropriated to strengthen the internal authority of the tôdôza. In chapter three, I discuss the representative lyrical genre of blind musicians called heikyoku and the increasing participation of sighted performers in writing texts. In chapter four, I explore how popular discourses about health compelled the tôdôza to innovate and concentrate on medical practice.
My dissertation takes a fresh approach to Japanese history with insights from disability studies. The tôdôza supported the formation of blind communities and gave them political and economic leverage. This reverse perspective places the blind not on the margins, but instead refocuses the attention on their leading roles in transforming Tokugawa society. The history of disability in early modern Japan is also about the history of the tôdôza. By focusing on the tôdôza, my proposed approach highlights that the discourse of disability embraces the underemphasized but nonetheless important theme of enablement, which is crucial for retelling Japanese history.<br>East Asian Languages and Civilizations
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Brightwell, Erin Leigh. ""The Mirror of China"| Language selection, images of China, and narrating Japan in the Kamakura period (1185-1333)." Thesis, Princeton University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3626441.
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<p> "Kara kagami" (The Mirror of China) is something of an enigma—only six of an original ten scrolls survive, and there is no critical edition with comprehensive annotation or previous translation. A work composed for Imperial Prince-cum-Shogun Munetaka by the scion of a distinguished line of Confucian scholars, Fujiwara no Shigenori, on a topic of pressing interest in the thirteenth century—the fate of Continental China—it embodies many of the characteristic concerns of Kamakura Japan. Tensions between privatization and circulation of learning, imperial and warrior authority, Japan's envisioning of China and her relations thereto, as well as a larger cosmological narrative all run through the work. Yet they do so ways that challenge now long-held ideas of language, stance towards the Continent and its traditions, and narratives of generic development and resistance. </p><p> This dissertation explores the ways in which "The Mirror of China" defies familiar-yet-passé conceptions of medieval Japan. It examines afresh how three issues in medieval discourse—language selection, portrayals of China, and narrating Japan—are refracted in "The Mirror of China" in order to better understand text-based claims of political, cultural, and philosophical authority. "The Mirror of China"'s linguistically diverse manuscripts invite question of the worldviews or allegiances of identity a multilingual text can intimate. Its depiction of China and the implied narratives such a vision creates likewise differ markedly from those of contemporary works. And lastly, the linguistic and thematic innovation it brings to the Heian genre of "Mirror" writing marks a previously obscured turning point in medieval historiographic writing, one that allows an appreciation of the genre as a medieval experiment in crafting histories as legitimating narratives. Drawing on multiple understudied works in addition to better-known writings, this dissertation provides a new understanding of how medieval thinkers exploited languages, images, and traditions in order to create their own visions of authority.</p>
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Frey, Christopher J. "Ainu schools and education policy in nineteenth-century Hokkaido, Japan." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3292445.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, 2007.<br>Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 28, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: A, page: 4636. Adviser: Heidi Ross.
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Gentry-Sheehan, Linnea 1948. "Gold and silver in the making of early modern Japan, 1550-1737." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278526.
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This thesis examines the significance of gold and silver in the process of political consolidation and socioeconomic change in Japan from 1550 to 1737. I argue that the role of precious metals in the transformation of early modern Japan demands reassessment for several reasons: (1) control of the gold and silver mines had a significant impact on the ability of the warring overlords to consolidate their rule; (2) possession of gold and silver was indispensable to the establishment of the Tokugawa hegemony, a stable polity that lasted for 260 years; (3) gold and silver facilitated Japan's rapid commercialization; (4) gold and especially silver drew Japan into the dynamic system of international trade, which constituted the newly emerging world system of economic interdependence; and, (5) Japan's withdrawal from the world market system in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was related to the large losses of silver due to exports and the decline in mining production.
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Loh, Shi Lin. "Irradiated Trajectories: Medical Radiology in Modern Japan." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493463.
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This dissertation examines the history of modern Japan via a study of rentogen, or X-rays, in medical practice. Conventional milestones in Japan’s encounters with nuclear science all date from 1945: the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that same year, the Bikini Atoll fallout incident in 1954, the construction of nuclear power plants from the late 1950s onwards, and most recently, the Fukushima Daiichi meltdown in 2011. All these events produced hibakusha – the Japanese term for survivors of nuclear-related accidents, or people suffering the effects of exposure to ionising radiation.
In contrast, this project locates the first hibakusha in an earlier period, revealing a history of radiation exposure in Japan before the atomic bombings. It reaches into the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to find Japanese bodies exposed through the development of radiology. In modern Japan, as in Western Europe and America, X-rays constituted the first source of ionizing radiation that produced victims of burns, cancers, and deaths. This study highlights the political, social and cultural impact of modern Western medicine on Japanese society from the Meiji period onwards, showing how electric-powered machines and Western expertise came to define medical practice in the emergent field of radiology.<br>East Asian Languages and Civilizations
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Craig, John Marshall. "Visions of China, Korea and Japan in the East Asian War, 1592-1598." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8a31275f-d25b-450a-9710-8eb2705318c2.
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Readings of contemporary accounts of the Japanese invasion of Choson Korea and Ming China's intervention, by Japanese, Korean, and Chinese writers; analysis of the writers' disparate world-views and how they each envision their country and its neighbours. This thesis uses contemporary writings from across the region to study the significance of the East Asian War of 1592-1598 for Chinese, Korean, and Japanese senses of identity, and argues that the war was a crucial moment in the development of those identities. Despite the 1592-1598 conflict affecting millions of people, and resulting in almost unprecedented cross-border flows of people and information, most previous considerations of its effect on identity have focused on court documents. In the first dedicated study of identities in the East Asian War, this thesis shifts from the hitherto emphasis on politicians and commanders to prioritize individuals at the frontiers of cross-border contact. This shift of focus from centre to periphery contributes to our understanding of two areas of history. In terms of the East Asian War as a historical event, it provides a far more nuanced picture of what this momentous conflict signified for people at the time. In terms of the history of Chinese, Korean, and Japanese identities, it demonstrates persuasively that the sense of belonging to a country held real meaning for people across society, influencing the actions even of those totally removed from the state. Tracing the legacy of frontier writings again contributes to both the history of the war and of identity, by revealing how peripheral insights and central biases combined to give birth to the orthodox narratives of the war, some of which remain influential to this day. Personal writings show how first-hand encounters in the war modified but also re-inforced already well-established identities, making national identities of immediate significance for an immeasurably wider group than in peace time. The late sixteenth-century growth in printing and literacy subsequently greatly amplified the impact of the East Asian War by allowing real-life interaction to be endlessly re-told as a dramatic clash between China, Korea, and Japan. This study restores the war to its proper place as a key moment in the longer development of national identities in East Asia. It also calls for a primary-source based, East-Asia centred reconsideration of theories on the historical development of collective identity, which remain overly influenced by later European experience.
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Nishiyama, Hidefumi. "Race, biometrics, and security in modern Japan : a history of racial government." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77741/.
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This thesis is an historical study of biopolitical relations between racism and biometric identification in Japan since the late nineteenth century to the present day. Adopting Foucault’s historical method, it challenges progressive accounts of the history of racism and that of biometrics. During the nineteenth century, practices of biometric identification emerged as constitutive of the knowledge of race wherein imperial power relations between superior and inferior races were enabled. Progressive accounts proclaim that colonial practices of biometrics were not scientific but politically intervened, which has since been discredited and replaced by a ‘true’ science of biometrics as individualisation. Contra progressivist claims on postraciality, the thesis concretely historicises the ways in which subjectification and control of race is conducted through the interplay between the epistemic construction of race and the technology of identification in each historical and geographical context. It analyses three modalities of racial government through biometrics in Japan: biometrics as a biological technology of inscribing race during Japanese colonialism; biometrics as a forensic technology of policing former colonial subjects in post-WWII Japan; and contemporary biometrics as an informatic technology of controlling a newly racialised immigrant population. The thesis concludes that despite a series of de-racialising reforms in the twentieth century, biometrics persist as a biopolitical technology of race. Neither racism nor biometrics as a technology of race is receding but they are continuously transforming in a way that a new mechanism of racial government is made possible. Race evolves, it is argued, not in the sense of social Darwinism but because the concept of race itself changes across time and space wherein a new model of racism is empowered. The thesis contributes to existing literature on the biopolitics of security and biometrics by extending the scope of analysis to a non-Western context, explicating historical relations between racism and biometrics, and problematising biometric rationality at the level of racialised mechanism of knowing and controlling (in)security. It also makes contributions to Foucaultian studies by advancing the analysis of biopolitical racism beyond Foucault’s original formulation and by offering a critique of rationality in the field of biometrics.
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Choi, Peter. "The Abenomics Difference: Three Arrows of Roosevelt Resolve in Japan." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:26519854.
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This study investigates Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s economic policy package, known as “Abenomics.” Abenomics is intended to end two decades of deflation in Japan, based on a Three Arrow approach (monetary policy, fiscal stimulus, and structural reform). This study examines how it is different from past policies and actions, its initial results, and the outlook concerning future results.
In 1990, Japan’s asset bubble burst and the country became mired in two decades of deflation and low GDP growth. This study examines existing analysis and compare past policies to the present. It concludes that although the First Arrow (monetary policy) and Second Arrow (fiscal stimulus) have been able to achieve initial success, Abenomics may struggle to succeed without a firmly executed Third Arrow (structural reform). All three arrows are needed. However, many difficult barriers pose an obstacle for reform. American President Roosevelt also pursued aggressive measures in the 1930’s to take the United States out of the Great Depression. Roosevelt’s resolve was instrumental in his succeed. Japan will need seamless and simultaneous execution of the Three Arrows, along with aggressive Roosevelt Resolve to ensure success in its domain.
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O'Reilly, Sean D. "Re-Viewing the Past: The Uses of History in the Cinema of Japan, 1925-1945." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467187.
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In this thesis I use historical films to construct a social history of Japan's tumultuous interwar
and wartime periods. I analyze filmic depictions of the Bakumatsu period (1853-1868), Japan's rocky
transition to modernity, from the perspective of the audiences of 1925-1945, an era in which societal
interest in representations of the Bakumatsu period soared.
Methodologically, I use close visual analysis but move beyond an aesthetically-minded film
studies approach to raise issues of audience reception, war and society, empire, sexuality and gender,
censorship, urban spaces and popular culture in modern Japan. I have thereby intervened in the
existing scholarship, which has either largely ignored films or focused overmuch on film's aesthetic
merits. I seek to reclaim films, especially popular films, as historical sources. Close visual analysis
illuminates aspects of visual texts that a solely historiographic approach might overlook. And a
'history-as-experience' focus on the audience, and the history of the period in which a given visual text
was produced, is critical to the process of historical contextualization. The body of films I analyze
offers vital evidence of then-current socio-cultural conditions and perspectives on history.
I analyze commercially successful films, produced from 1925 to the war's end, in five
chapters, on revisionism, comedy, serial history, hate the enemy films, and romances, respectively,
and highlight the ambivalence of each type over the significance of the Bakumatsu period. Despite
increasing pressure on the film industry to produce deadly serious hegemonic narratives supportive of
the state and later the war effort, the hit films I examine contain many potentially subversive
undercurrents. Their box office success indicates that covert resistance to Japan's militaristic course
won favor with audiences. Those who lived through the 'dark valley' of 1925-1945 used Bakumatsu
films to create a popular culture that was lighter in tone, and more resistant to state goals, than prior
research on interwar Japan suggests.<br>East Asian Languages and Civilizations
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Andrews, Charles A. "From post station to post office communications in Tokugawa and early Meiji Japan /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3337274.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of East Asian Languages and Cultures, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 28, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-12, Section: A, page: 4833. Adviser: Richard Rubinger.
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Nelson, David Gordon. "Law and order in the making of early modern Japan seventeenth-century Kanazawa castle town administration /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3278457.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of History, 2007.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: A, page: 4432. Adviser: Richard Rubinger. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 19, 2008).
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錢江 and Kong James Chin. "Merchants and other sojourners: the Hokkiens overseas, 1570-1760." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894057.
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Giles, Nathaniel W. "The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere: The Failure of Japan's "Monroe Doctrine" for Asia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/295.
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By 1942, the Japanese occupied nearly all of East and Southeast Asia and their influence even spread as far as British controlled India. This occupation, known as The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, was an ideological unity of Asia under the facade of mutual benefit and welfare of Japan and the other nations within the Sphere. However, The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere failed because of the inability of the Japanese to form this mutual benefit between the nations within the Sphere. This work evaluates the events that led to The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, life within the Sphere, and the reasons for its failure.
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Keith, Matthew E. "The logistics of power Tokugawa response to the Shimabara Rebellion and power projection in 17th-century Japan /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1164741756.
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Young, George R. (George Ross). "Yasukuni shrine and the continuing problem of religious freedom in Japan viewed against the background of Asian history /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.
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Morris, James Harry. "Rethinking the history of conversion to Christianity in Japan, 1549-1644." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15875.
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This thesis explores the history of Christianity and conversion to it in 16th and 17th Century Japan. It argues that conversion is a complex phenomenon which happened for a variety of reasons. Furthermore, it argues that due to the political context and limitations acting upon the mission, the majority of conversions in 16th and 17th Century Japan lacked an element of epistemological change (classically understood). The first chapter explores theories of conversion suggesting that conversion in 16th and 17th Century Japan included sorts of religious change not usually encapsulated in the term conversion including adhesion, communal and forced conversion. Moreover, it argues that contextual factors are the most important factors in religious change. The second chapter explores political context contending that it was the political environment of Japan that ultimately decided whether conversion was possible. This chapter charts the evolution of the Japanese context as it became more hostile toward Christianity. In the third chapter, the context of the mission is explored. It is argued that limitations acting upon the mission shaped post-conversion faith, so that changes to practice and ritual rather than belief became the mark of a successful conversion. The fourth chapter explores methods of conversion, the factors influencing it, and post-conversion faith more directly. It argues that Christianity spread primarily through social networks, but that conversion was also influenced by economic incentive, other realworld benefits, and Christianity's perceived efficacy. Building on Chapter Three, the final chapter also seeks to illustrate that the missionaries were not successful in their attempts to spur epistemological change or instil a detailed knowledge of theology or doctrine amongst their converts.
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Rapley, Ian. "Green Star Japan : language and internationalism in the Japanese Esperanto movement, 1905-1944." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fc299226-d3d5-4d01-8830-c3fe5df4f334.
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The planned language Esperanto achieved popularity in early twentieth century Japan, inspiring a national movement which was the largest outside Europe. Esperanto was designed to facilitate greater international and inter-cultural communication and understanding; the history of the language in Japan reveals a rich tradition of internationalism in Japan, stretching from the beginnings of the movement, in the wake of the Russo-Japanese war, through the end of the Pacific war, when, for a brief period, organised Esperanto in Japan ceased. Building upon existing studies of internationalism amongst elite opinion makers in Japan, this history of Esperanto reveals unexpected examples of internationalism amongst the broader Japanese public, a number of competing conceptions of the international world, and their realisation through a range of transnational activities. Esperanto was at once an intellectual phenomenon, and a language which could be put into immediate and concrete practice. The diversity of social groups and intellectual positions within the Japanese Esperanto community reveals internationalism and cosmopolitanism, not as well defined, static concepts, but as broad spaces in which different ideas of the world and the community of mankind could be debated. What linked the various different groups and individuals drawn into the Japanese Esperanto movement was a shared desire to make contact with, and help to reform, the world beyond Japan's borders, as well as a shared realisation of the vital role of language in making this contact possible. From radical socialists to conservative academics, and from Japanese diplomats at the League of Nations to members of rural communities in the deep north of Japan, although their politics often differed, Japanese Esperantists came together to participate in the re-imagining of the modern world; in doing so they became part of a transnational community, one which reveals insights into both modern Japanese history, and the nature of internationalism.
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Nishiyama, Takashi. "Swords into plowshares civilian application of wartime military technology in modern Japan, 1945-1964 /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1104324814.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 246 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 212-242).
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Yang, Manuel. "Yoshimoto Taka’aki, Communal Illusion, and the Japanese New Left." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1122656731.
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Morita-Jaeger, Minako. "Services trade integration in East Asia and political economy impediments in domestic decision-making : a case study of Japan-ASEAN bilateral free trade agreements." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3517/.
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In East Asia, services trade integration, both in market and policy, lags far behind goods trade integration. In spite of a proliferation of ASEAN plus one type FTAs in the Region since the early 2000s, policy-led services integration has not happened in East Asia. The aim of this research project is to investigate the reasons why the Japan-ASEAN bilateral FTAs, which were concluded in the 2000s, resulted in the shallow GATS-plus FTAs. Since barriers in services trade lie in domestic regulations, we examine how domestic determinants, namely interests and institutions in domestic decision-making, shaped the negotiating positions of Japan and ASEAN. From our empirical work, we found the following: (i) The services trade policy-making structure, which involves a wide participation of domestic regulatory authorities in the decision-making process, constituted horizontal fragmentation of power. Because of horizontal fragmentation of power, the domestic regulatory authorities with strong regulatory autonomy and regulatory concerns were able to exercise a veto power against changes in the status-quo and pushed backward the lead ministry’s negotiating positions. (ii) In terms of interests, no strong proliberalisation interests existed either on the policy demand or supply sides. On the policy demand side, while there existed very limited exporting interests, the import-competing services suppliers were afraid of the erosion of rents and adjustment costs caused by preferential market liberalisation. On the policy supply side, there was few incentives to lock in domestic services reforms by using the Japan-ASEAN bilateral FTAs. In addition, (a) pressure for speedy conclusion of an FTA to win the political competition of creating FTAs in the Region and (b) the strong economic and political motivation of FTAs to enhance regional supply chains in the manufacturing sector undermined the countries’ negotiating positions on services trade. From the findings above, we conclude that services trade integration in East Asia lags far behind goods trade because of the double layered political economy impediments. The first layer of impediment, which is the horizontally fragmented domestic decision-making structure, reflects the heterogeneity of services. The second layer of impediment, which is interests, mostly reflects the distinctive characteristics of East Asia.
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Levy, Deborah. "Mitate et citation dans l’oeuvre de Morimura Yasumasa : autoportrait d’une histoire de l’art." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080025.
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La citation et le mitate sont des procédés mimétiques proches au regard des autoportraits photographiques de Morimura Yasumasa. En citant directement les tableaux et le cinéma occidental, l’artiste reconstitue une histoire de l’art et de l’image dans le contexte japonais et du Kansai. Pourtant, bien que la citation, l’imitation et la copie caractérisent ses œuvres, l’artiste et les critiques japonais n’ont encore jamais mis en cause l’implication de l’influence du mitate. Or, sa définition, qui se traduit par une « transposition » que l’on déplace d’un cadre spatiaux-temporel à l’autre, sous une forme à la fois poétique, parodique et théâtrale, correspond à la galerie d’autoportraits morimuriens. A travers un réexamen comparatif avec l’ukiyo-e de l’époque Edo et l’histoire de l’autoportrait au Japon, la production de Morimura et de l’art japonais dit « postmoderne » sont réévalués. Le dessein d’un tel procédé rend possible une autre lecture, de reconfigurer une histoire de l’art spécifique au Japon. En effet, à travers le jeu ludique du mitate, Morimura questionne la vision de l’image, plutôt que sa signification, afin d’établir une première déchirure avec l’histoire de l’art européen et ses concepts. Dès lors, la transposition du mitate forme l’objectivation d’un moi ancré dans une dichotomie à la fois plastique, conceptuelle et genrée. L’analyse du genre au Japon et des médias occasionnent ainsi une relecture culturelle et sociale de l’autoportrait morimurien, tout en saisissant une nouvelle vision du troisième genre. L’examen du mitate et de l’histoire de l’art japonais encourage, par conséquent, une réévaluation d’un canon artistique japonais prémoderne et actuel<br>Quotation and mitate are mimetic processes present in the photographic self-portraits of Morimura Yasumasa and in the Japanese postmodern art. Quoting Western master pieces and cinema, Morimura recreates a history of image and art in the Japanese framework and in the Kansai landscape. Although the quotation, imitation and copy are characteristics of his production, the artiste and Japanese critics had never noticed or questioned the influence of mitate. And despite Japanese contemporary arts are considered in the international Postmodernism and Simulation’s movements, this thesis shows that the reading of the mitate allows a specific and an exclusive re-examination of the Japanese art history. After comparing ukiyo-e from the Edo period and contemporary artworks, we ascertain a clear definition of mitate, as an analogical “transposition” based on outward forms to create a new poetic, theatrical and parodic image. Consequently, the demonstration of the playful mitate in the Japanese contemporary visual wakagumi attests that artists bring into play the vision of the image, rather than its signification. Finally, mitate insides the Morimura’ self-portraits lead to a plastic, conceptual and gendered dichotomy. In this case, gender and media in Japan give a new examination of his production, and makes appears the vision of a third gender likes to the wakashû. Thus, artists and contemporary mitate-e testify the exchanges, influences and impacts between Western and Japanese arts to introduce a first gap with the European art history and its conceptions
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King, Amy Sarah. "Imperialism, industrialisation and war : the role of ideas in China's Japan policy, 1949-1965." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:69862b37-49c2-456d-be1d-23759948a920.
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This thesis is a study of the People’s Republic of China’s foreign economic policy towards Japan between 1949 and 1965. In particular, the thesis explores Chinese policy-makers’ ideas about Japan in the wake of the War of Resistance against Japan (1937-1945), and considers how those ideas shaped China’s foreign economic policy towards Japan between 1949 and 1965. To do so, the thesis employs a four-part ideas framework that examines Chinese policy-makers’ background, foreground, cognitive and normative ideas about Japan, and shows how the interaction between these four different idea types shaped China’s Japan policy between 1949 and 1965. Furthermore, the thesis draws on over 200 recently declassified Chinese-language archival records from the Chinese Foreign Ministry, as well as additional Chinese, Japanese, US and British archival sources. It argues that China’s experience of Japanese imperialism, industrialisation and war during the first half of the twentieth century deeply shaped Chinese ideas about Japan after 1949, though in ways that at first seem counterintuitive. Although Japan had waged a brutal war against China, Chinese policy-makers viewed Japan as an important source of industrial goods, technology and expertise, and a symbol of a modern, industrialised nation-state. However, China’s experience of Japanese imperialism and militaristic aggression often made it difficult to justify the policy of ‘trading with the enemy’. Ultimately, the thesis argues that China sought to expand economic ties with Japan after 1949 because Chinese policy-makers believed that doing so would assist China in becoming a modern and industrialised state, one that was strong enough to withstand foreign imperialism and restore its central position in the international system. Chinese conceptions of Japan thus help to explain how Japan became China’s largest trade partner by 1965, despite the bitter legacy of the War of Resistance and the Cold War divide between the two countries after 1949.
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Mizuno, Norihito. "Japan and its East Asian neighbors: Japan's perception of China and Korea and the making of foreign policy from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1101744928.
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Robertson, Stephen Dixon. "Shobodan : an ethnographic history of Japan's community fire brigades." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1e7d92e5-97f5-4fe4-a6d3-2953c44b62ed.
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This thesis describes Japan's modern system of community fire brigades, a federated civilian paramilitary organization dedicated to localized fire prevention and response with a current active membership of over 800,000 men and women. Auxiliary firefighting institutions in Japan have had comparatively high rates of participation vis-à-vis those of other nations, but are now facing acute recruitment difficulties in the face of increased competition from alternative venues for civic engagement since the mid-1990s. This suggests both the tractability of civil society as an extra-statal sphere of institutionalized social organization as well as the inherent pluralism of its vernacular expression. I demonstrate that the nationalization of the fire brigade system in 1894 was predicated on the existence of an autonomous and normative sphere of age-graded practices of inter-household mutual aid in the villages of Tokugawa Japan. The gradual absorption and redirection of these practices into the nation-building projects of the Meiji state and its successors realized the creation of a functional emergency service organ with universal penetration at minimal expense. Nevertheless, drawing on Maurice Bloch's theory of rebounding violence, I argue that the secular rituals and state symbolism used to achieve this encompassment have conferred a legacy of structural ambivalence between civility and uncivility that continues to inform perceptions and representations of the brigade in public discourse. It follows that the phenomenon of organizational aging and questions of recruitment and succession should be seen as ideological in nature, rather than as simple indices of wider demographics or social transformation. This thesis is based on data collected during twenty months of research in Japan between 2008 and 2010, including eleven months of continuous participant observation with a brigade in Suwa District, Nagano Prefecture. Extensive ethnographic interviews with local firefighters, community members, and town officials are supplemented with data from primary and secondary historical sources, including online discussion forums. This thesis contributes to the literature on local voluntarism in Japan, as well as to the wider anthropological project of documenting non-western models of civil society.
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Kang, Sungwoo. "Colonizing the Port City Pusan in Korea : a study of the process of Japanese domination in the urban space of Pusan during the open-port period (1876-1910)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:607156dd-6a4c-4c3c-a465-aa97d06c8d6e.
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This dissertation aims to analyze the transformation of Pusan by examining the social, political, economic, and cultural changes during the open-port period (1876-1910). Prior to annexation, Pusan, as the first open port in Korea, reflected features of the colonial urban development in which alien power achieved and sustained a hegemonic domination on socio-cultural-economic dimensions of people’s lives. Colonial history in Korea has been divided and moving on parallel lines. The ‘nationalist school’ and the ‘socioeconomic school’ have failed to come together and move us into a deeper understanding of the Japanese colonial period. In order to narrow the gap between the two schools of thought, this thesis suggests looking at ‘colonial modernity’ through the analytical lens of the colonial city of Pusan. The approach examines changes in the social, economic, and cultural life of people rather than through the traditional binary construction of ‘victim versus victimizer’ or ‘colonial repression versus national resistance.’ In particular, I pay close attention to the fact that colonization is a process of imperial expansion by means of colonialists. In the end, the process of colonization in Pusan was a process by which the Japanese settlers expanded in wealth, population, influence, and power. The cluster of factors – enlargement of settlement (living space), the expansion of the economy (economic opportunity), improvement of public enterprises, such as transportation infrastructure, water supply and hygiene (improving quality of life) – were catalysts for the Japanese settlers to take up residence in Pusan. Based on the transformation of the urban space of Pusan at this micro level, I discuss a hierarchy of power relations within the spatial boundary of Pusan. In other words, I focus on human aspects of these changes rather than on systemic changes. I attempt to demonstrate how studying a city can offer a useful category of analysis for the question of ‘modernity’ in Korea.
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Tollefson, Julie Jo. "Japan's Article 9 and Japanese Public Opinion: Implications for Japanese Defense Policy and Security in the Asia Pacific." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1526812071227061.
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Torikai, Kumiko Machida. "Diplomatic interpreters in post-World War II Japan : voices of the invisible presence in foreign relations." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/378842/.
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Levy, Deborah. "Mitate et citation dans l’oeuvre de Morimura Yasumasa : autoportrait d’une histoire de l’art." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080025.
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La citation et le mitate sont des procédés mimétiques proches au regard des autoportraits photographiques de Morimura Yasumasa. En citant directement les tableaux et le cinéma occidental, l’artiste reconstitue une histoire de l’art et de l’image dans le contexte japonais et du Kansai. Pourtant, bien que la citation, l’imitation et la copie caractérisent ses œuvres, l’artiste et les critiques japonais n’ont encore jamais mis en cause l’implication de l’influence du mitate. Or, sa définition, qui se traduit par une « transposition » que l’on déplace d’un cadre spatiaux-temporel à l’autre, sous une forme à la fois poétique, parodique et théâtrale, correspond à la galerie d’autoportraits morimuriens. A travers un réexamen comparatif avec l’ukiyo-e de l’époque Edo et l’histoire de l’autoportrait au Japon, la production de Morimura et de l’art japonais dit « postmoderne » sont réévalués. Le dessein d’un tel procédé rend possible une autre lecture, de reconfigurer une histoire de l’art spécifique au Japon. En effet, à travers le jeu ludique du mitate, Morimura questionne la vision de l’image, plutôt que sa signification, afin d’établir une première déchirure avec l’histoire de l’art européen et ses concepts. Dès lors, la transposition du mitate forme l’objectivation d’un moi ancré dans une dichotomie à la fois plastique, conceptuelle et genrée. L’analyse du genre au Japon et des médias occasionnent ainsi une relecture culturelle et sociale de l’autoportrait morimurien, tout en saisissant une nouvelle vision du troisième genre. L’examen du mitate et de l’histoire de l’art japonais encourage, par conséquent, une réévaluation d’un canon artistique japonais prémoderne et actuel<br>Quotation and mitate are mimetic processes present in the photographic self-portraits of Morimura Yasumasa and in the Japanese postmodern art. Quoting Western master pieces and cinema, Morimura recreates a history of image and art in the Japanese framework and in the Kansai landscape. Although the quotation, imitation and copy are characteristics of his production, the artiste and Japanese critics had never noticed or questioned the influence of mitate. And despite Japanese contemporary arts are considered in the international Postmodernism and Simulation’s movements, this thesis shows that the reading of the mitate allows a specific and an exclusive re-examination of the Japanese art history. After comparing ukiyo-e from the Edo period and contemporary artworks, we ascertain a clear definition of mitate, as an analogical “transposition” based on outward forms to create a new poetic, theatrical and parodic image. Consequently, the demonstration of the playful mitate in the Japanese contemporary visual wakagumi attests that artists bring into play the vision of the image, rather than its signification. Finally, mitate insides the Morimura’ self-portraits lead to a plastic, conceptual and gendered dichotomy. In this case, gender and media in Japan give a new examination of his production, and makes appears the vision of a third gender likes to the wakashû. Thus, artists and contemporary mitate-e testify the exchanges, influences and impacts between Western and Japanese arts to introduce a first gap with the European art history and its conceptions
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Bristow, Alexander. "The 1969 Summit within the Japan-US security treaty system : a two-level approach." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2e25b695-def3-4854-a04a-033566034384.
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This thesis reviews the significance of the 1969 Japan-US Summit between Prime Minister Satii Eisaku and President Richard Nixon in light of official documents that have been disclosed in Japan since 2010 and in the United States since the 1990s. Based on newly available sources, this thesis shows that the 1969 Summit should be considered a Japanese-led initiative with two aims: firstly, to announce a deadline for Okinawa's return with all nuclear weapons removed; and secondly, to reform the Japan-US security treaty system without repeating the kind of outright revision concluded in 1960. The Japanese plan to reform the security treaty system involved simplifying the prior consultation formula by making a public commitment to the security of South Korea of sufficient strength that the United States would agree to the dissolution of the 1960 secret 'Korea Minute'. The Japanese Government achieved its first aim but only partially succeeded in its second. Whilst the return of Okinawa was announced, the status of US bases in Okinawa and mainland Japan continued to be governed by an elaborate web of agreements, public and secret, which damaged public confidence and hampered an improvement in relations between Japan and its neighbouring countries. This thesis shows that commonly held academic opinions about the 1969 Summit are incorrect. Firstly, there was no quid pro quo in which Japan linked its security to South Korea in exchange for Okinawa: both these outcomes were in fact Japanese objectives at the beginning of the summit preparations. Secondly, the success of the summit did not depend on 'backchannel' negotiations between Wakaizumi Kei and Henry Kissinger: it is likely that an announcement on Okinawa's reversion would have been achieved in 1969 even if preparations for the summit had been left to the Japanese Foreign Ministry and the US State Department. Word Limit: Approx. 98,000 words, excluding Bibliography
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Chang, Lily. "Contested childhoods : law and social deviance in wartime China, 1937-1945." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ac4d436e-63a4-42ce-b2df-f3edb1c556f3.
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“Contested Childhoods” links together three major areas of historical inquiry: war and criminality, law and social change, and the law as it relates to children, in the first half of twentieth-century China. The founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 has eclipsed the historical significance of Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist Government and the importance of its role during the wartime period. This study examines how the outbreak of China’s War of Resistance against Japan (1937-1945) served as a crucial catalyst to the construction of ideas of criminality and its relation to children during the wartime period. It examines the different measures by which Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist Government (1928-1949) attempted to handle the rise in levels of criminality involving juveniles. The study analyses how an increase in criminality during the wartime period challenged how ideas on and about children and childhood were in understood within Chinese society. Moreover, it argues that wartime conditions served as a crucial catalyst prompted the construction of a new judicial and legal framework that was aimed at delineating the boundaries between childhood and adulthood during this period.
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Yaguchi, Yujin. "The Ainu in United States-Japan relations." W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539720321.
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This study reevaluates the significance of the Ainu in U.S.-Japan relations. Specifically, the study emphasizes a trilateral configuration of relations among the Japanese, Americans, and the Ainu in Hokkaido, the northern island of Japan, in the period since the middle of the nineteenth century. By analyzing a wide range of documentary, visual, and material sources available in the United States and Japan, the study discusses specific connections that existed between the Ainu, Americans, and the Japanese in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Some were direct encounters. Other forms of relationship involved indirect connections. These encounters affected the social and historical consciousness of the Japanese and Americans in the past and which continue to do so today.;By reclaiming the presence of the Ainu in the vision of the past, this dissertation enlarges the terrain of the intercultural history of the United States and Japan. It recognizes the Ainu as a significant third party in third history of U.S.-Japan relations and questions the conventional historical framework used in the understanding of the U.S.-Japan relationship, a framework which has marginalized and even excluded the Ainu. By inserting the Ainu into our constructions of past and present human relationships in Hokkaido, the dissertation complicate and problematizes the very framework of the conventional understanding of the relationship between the two nations by pointing to the integral role the Ainu have continuously played on the various stages of cultural interaction in the northern island of Japan.
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Baldridge, Seth Robert. "Gold powder and gunpowder| The appropriation of western firearms into Japan through high culture." Thesis, The University of Utah, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10006268.
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<p> When an object is introduced to a new culture for the first time, how does it transition from the status of a foreign import to a fully integrated object of that culture? Does it ever truly reach this status, or are its foreign origins a part of its identity that are impossible to overlook? What role could the arts of that culture play in adapting a foreign object into part of the culture? I propose to address these questions in specific regard to early modern Japan (1550–1850) through a black lacquered <i> ōtsuzumi</i> drum decorated with a gold powder motif of intersecting arquebuses and powder horns. While it may seem unlikely that a single piece of lacquerware can comment on the larger issues of cultural accommodation and appropriation, careful analysis reveals the way in which adopted firearms, introduced by Portuguese sailors in 1543, shed light on this issue. </p><p> While the arquebus’s militaristic and economic influence on Japan has been firmly established, this thesis investigates how the Kobe Museum’s <i> ōtsuzumi</i> is a manifestation of the change that firearms underwent from European imports of pure military value to Japanese items of not just military, but also artistic worth. It resulted from an intermingling of Japanese-Portuguese trade, aesthetics of the noble military class, and cultural accommodation between Europeans and Japanese that complicates our understandings of influence and appropriation. To analyze this process of appropriation and accommodation, the first section begins with a historical overview of lacquer in Japan, focusing on the Momoyama period, and the introduction of firearms. The second section will go into the aesthetics of lacquerware, including the importance of narrative symbolism and use in the performing arts with a particular emphasis on the aural and visual aesthetics of the drum. Finally, I will discuss this drum in the global contexts of the early modern era, which takes into account the tension between the decline in popularity of firearms as well as the survival of the drum. Pieced together, these various aspects will help to construct a better understanding of this unique piece’s place in the Japanese Christian material culture of early modern Japan.</p>
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Li, Yiwen. "Networks of Profit and Faith| Spanning the Sea of Japan and the East China Sea, 838-1403." Thesis, Yale University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10633256.
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<p> The lengthy descriptions of tribute embassies in the Chinese dynastic histories have led to the widespread belief that the China-centered tribute system dominated the trade of pre-modern East Asia at all times. The tribute trade, however, was not the main form of trade between China and Japan. In the year 838 CE, the last Japanese embassy for nearly six centuries traveled to Tang-dynasty China (618-907). Until 1403, when the shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu of the Ashikaga bakufu dispatched a delegation to the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) to resume formal diplomatic relations, the tribute trade was suspended. Even though sources are few and far between, this thesis demonstrates the Sino-Japanese trade flourished throughout these six centuries.</p><p> Buddhist trade—the commercial exchange of objects for Buddhist uses, with monks as participants—occupied a prominent position in Sino-Japanese trade between 838 and 1403. People living on the Japanese archipelago desired many continental goods, and meanwhile, Chinese consumers also sought many commodities from Japan. Some of the Japanese embassy members in the 838 delegation were already engaged in non-tribute trade, trying to purchase incense and medicines in the lower Yangzi region of China. Meanwhile, Japanese monks diligently collected Buddhist texts and ritual objects. Archaeological discoveries show that between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries, the Japanese repurposed various Chinese daily utensils such as ceramic jars, porcelain boxes, and bronze mirrors for religious uses. At the same time, Chinese commoners acquired Japanese goods. In addition to fine products like pearls, China also imported bulky goods from Japan such as lumber for monastery construction and for coffins. </p><p> Religious networks and commercial networks gradually became integrated as monks traveled on merchant ships and transmitted trade information. Prestigious monasteries also actively collaborated with merchants, and the trust embedded in the religious network facilitated long-distance trade. The authorities in both China and Japan realized that the shared belief in Buddhism could act as a common ground to reduce friction. The emperors of the Song dynasty (960-1276) warmly welcomed pilgrim monks from Japan.</p><p> Although the Mongol ruler Khubilai Khan (r. 1260-1294) launched two invasions of Japan, in 1274 and 1281, the commercial and religious exchanges between China and Japan continued. The Mongol Emperor Chengzong (r. 1294-1307) dispatched a Zen master as his envoy to Japan, who stayed and taught in Kamakura. Ships named for Japanese monasteries brought sulfur and other goods to China and then returned to Japan with incense, medicines, ceramics, copper coins, and books. In the late thirteenth and fourteenth centuries Kamakura became the center of the growing Zen Buddhist movement as well as a distribution center for continental goods.</p><p> The six centuries of commercial and religious exchanges between China and Japan left a clear legacy. When Ashikaga Yoshimitsu resumed sending tribute to the Ming dynasty in 1403, an eminent monk led the Japanese delegation. Unlike the tribute system before 838, the newly established tribute exchanges acknowledged the need for participants to make a profit. And after the resumption of the tribute trade in 1403, monks and monasteries continued to play a significant role.</p><p>
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Service, Jonathan. "Orchestrating Modernity, Singing the Self: Theories of Music in Meiji and Taisho Japan." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10381.
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The purpose of this thesis is to use the history of music theory to study cultural change in Japan. It has been said that “music is number” (Sima Qian), that it is the “organon of philosophy” (Schelling), that the discovery of the identity of certain simple mathematical ratios with the basic aural consonances—ascribed to Ling Lun in the East and Pythagoras in the West—is the inaugural instance of the “mathematization of reality.” It is this isomorphic relationship between mathematics and music that allows us to unlock the latter and all that it represents with the precision of the former. Indeed, it is my contention that music theory provides one of the crispest articulations of particular mentalités. This thesis is comprised of six chapters Chapter one outlines the history of music theory and shows how it applies to the history of modern Japan. Chapter two describes the way that music theory changed musical sensibility: music-theoretical ideas were imported by bureaucrats, actualized in school songbooks, and through these and other means suppressed the initially unfavorable reaction to Western music through a concerted effort to "hear through" the music to the ideas beneath. Chapter three looks at the way that the twelve tone equal division of the octave functioned analogously to Panofsky's perspectival "symbolische Form": a condition of possibility that rendered intellectually invisible other ways of organizing sound. Chapter four investigates the idea of a “natural scale” and traces attempts in Japan to provide rational, scientific justifications for Japanese scalar formations. Chapter five shows how a particular form of the pentatonic scale—one that both overlapped with the "universal" scale of pre-modernity and was compatible with the diatonic system—came to represent the “Japanese essence” within the constraints of the twelve tone system. Chapter six discusses the double nature of this pentatonic scale through a description of how it symbolized Japan’s entry into the “rationality” of the modern musical system while simultaneously objectifying “Japan” within that system as a specific lack.<br>East Asian Languages and Civilizations
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Arch, Jakobina Kirsten. "Bringing Whales Ashore: Oceans and the Environment of Early Modern Japan, 1600-1900." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11480.
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Whales are an enigma. It is difficult to pin them down because they straddle categories. Whales were difficult not just because of their extraordinary size, but rather because they were peculiar sorts of fish, with meat more like wild boar than tuna. In the same way that they existed at the intersection of classifications, with features of land and sea creatures, whales also were a nexus in a web of linkages between the ocean and the shore. By focusing on whales and the boundaries they straddle, this dissertation highlights the often surprising interconnections between coastal activities and inland life in early modern Japan (1600-1900).<br>East Asian Languages and Civilizations
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Glowark, Erik. "The Christianization of Japan During the First Thirty Years of the Jesuit Apostolate." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11510.
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viii, 169 p.<br>The Jesuit mission to Japan (1549-1639) has long attracted the attention of historians because it coincided with a number of developments in Japanese history: increasing contact with Western powers, political reunification, and the transition to early modernity. However, few historians have placed the Jesuit mission in the wider context of Christianization, a process that many different peoples and cultures globally experienced during the premodern and early modern periods. This study examines Japan's participation in the world-historical process of Christianization during the first thirty years of the Jesuit apostolate. Making extensive use of Jesuit documents written between 1548 and 1561, this study demonstrates how the Japanese of the sixteenth century experienced Christianization and how that experience connected them to other missionized peoples and cultures across time and space.<br>Committee in charge: Jeffrey Hanes, Chairperson;
Andrew Goble, Member;
Robert Haskett, Member<br>10000-01-01
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Brockman, Brittany. "Spirit Possession, Exorcism, and the Power of Women in the Mid-Heian Period." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1338405581.
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Mitchell, Jasmine N. "The History of Afro-Asian Solidarity and the New Era of Political Activism." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin16256964160838.
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Williams, Kristin Holly. "Visualizing the Child: Japanese Children's Literature in the Age of Woodblock Print, 1678-1888." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10112.
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Children’s literature flourished in Edo-period Japan, as this dissertation shows through a survey of eighteenth-century woodblock-printed picturebooks for children that feature children in prominent roles. Addressing a persisting neglect of non-Western texts in the study of children’s literature and childhood per se, the dissertation challenges prevailing historical understandings of the origins of children’s literature and conceptions of childhood as a distinct phase of life. The explosive growth of print culture in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Japan not only raised expectations for adult literacy but also encouraged the spread of basic education for children and the publication of books for the young. The limited prior scholarship on Edo-period Japanese children’s books tends to dismiss them as a few isolated exceptions or as limited to moralistic primers and records of oral tradition. This dissertation reveals a long-lasting, influential, and varied body of children’s literature that combines didactic value with entertainment. Eighteenth-century picturebooks drew on literary and religious traditions as well as popular culture, while tailoring their messages to the interests and limitations of child readers. Organized in two parts, the dissertation includes two analytical chapters followed by five annotated translations of picturebooks (kōzeibyōshi and early kusazōshi). Among the illustrators that can be identified are ukiyoe artists like Torii Kiyomitsu (1735-1785). The first chapter analyzes the picturebook as a form of children’s literature that can be considered in terms analogous to those used of children’s literature in the West, and it provides evidence that these picturebooks were recognized by Japanese of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries as uniquely suited to child readers. The second chapter addresses the ways in which woodblock-printed children’s literature was commercialized and canonized from the mid-eighteenth century through the latter years of the Edo period, and it shows that picturebooks became source material for new forms of children’s culture during that time. The translated picturebooks, from both the city of Edo and the Kamigata region, include a sample of eighteenth-century views of the child: developing fetus, energetic grandchild, talented student, unruly schoolboy, obedient helper at home, young bride-to-be, and deceased child under the care of the Bodhisattva Jizō.<br>East Asian Languages and Civilizations
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Medema, Kara N. "Chiyo-ni and Yukinobu: History and Recognition of Japanese Women Artists." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3914.
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Fukuda Chiyo-ni and Kiyohara Yukinobu were 17th-18th century (Edo period) Japanese women artists well known during their lifetime but are relatively unknown today. This thesis establishes their contributions and recognition during their lifespans. Further, it examines the precedence for professional women artists’ recognition within Japanese art history. Then, it proceeds to explain the complexities of Meiji-era changes to art history and aesthetics heavily influenced by European and American (Western) traditions. Using aesthetic and art historical analysis of artworks, this thesis establishes a pattern of art canon formation that favored specific styles of art/artists while excluding others in ways sometimes inauthentic to Japanese values. Japan has certainly had periods of female suppression and this research illustrates how European models and traditions of art further shaped the perception of Japanese women artists and the dearth of female representation in galleries and art historical accounts.
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Pailamilla, Garcés Letycia Lorena. "Caso de Negocio: Hernán Zanghellini y el negocio de restaurantes en Asia." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116721.
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Tesis para optar al título de Magíster en Gestión para la Globalización<br>El objetivo de este caso es presentar un documento de estudio que pueda ser utilizado en clases de negocios, sirviendo de guía para clases de emprendimiento, negocios internacionales o estrategia de empresas. Este documento describe la historia de emprendimiento de Hernán Zanghellini, un arquitecto chileno, en el mercado asiático. Este empresario ha logrado fundar dos negocios exitosos: Zanghellini & Holt, que corresponde a una firma con base en Hong Kong dedicada al diseño de restaurantes, y Wooloomooloo Group, sociedad dedicada a la implementación de restaurantes.
La metodología utilizada para la generación del caso de negocio se basa en las directrices que entrega Harvard Business School (1). En este caso, es el mismo emprendedor quien ha entregado detalles de su trayectoria profesional a través de entrevistas personales. Para describir los negocios que ha logrado construir se utiliza el Modelo Canvas (2), que describe los puntos clave del negocio. Finalmente, se incluye el documento Notas al profesor , que es una guía dirigida hacia instructores acerca de cómo impartir el caso en una clase y cómo aplicar conceptos relevantes a través del mismo, el cual se basa en una mezcla entre la metodología sugerida por Harvard Business School (1) y por el Instituto William Davidson, Universidad de Michigan (3).
El caso describe la historia de Hernán Zanghellini desde sus inicios en Australia como arquitecto, hasta su llegada al negocio de los restaurantes. Casi por casualidad, Zanghellini descubre que tiene un talento especial para el diseño de interiores, específicamente de restaurantes, por lo que se independiza y crea Zanghellini & Holt, firma de diseño que ha sido halagada por la crítica especializada y que cuenta con enorme prestigio en la industria, por ser una de las más prolíferas de la región. Luego de trabajar varios años en la industria, se aventura en un negocio más rentable: poseer su propio restaurante. Para este fin, forma una sociedad y crea Wooloomooloo Group, que ya cuenta con seis restaurantes en Hong Kong bajo los nombres de Wooloomooloo y The Chop House.
A través de su historia, podemos observar cómo Zanghellini ha logrado integrar verticalmente sus dos negocios, utilizando las redes de contacto y know how adquiridos en el negocio de diseño para luego aplicarlo en su negocio de restaurantes, lo cual le ha permitido contar con un modelo de negocios único, altamente rentable, y que además le genera profunda satisfacción personal. Este modelo encaja perfectamente en lo que Jim Collins describe como El concepto del Erizo (4), que se presenta cuando una persona logra encontrar la intersección entre lo que tiene talento para hacer, lo que le entrega alta retribución económica y lo que realmente le apasiona.
El caso de negocio se puede analizar desde diferentes perspectivas que pueden aportar aprendizaje en materia de cultura internacional, dinámica de emprendimiento, búsqueda de la pasión en la vida laboral, estrategia de posicionamiento y crecimiento, e incluso conocimientos específicos en el negocio del diseño e implementación de restaurantes.
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Walsh, Brian P. "The rape of Tokyo| Legends of mass sexual violence and exploitation during the occupation of Japan." Thesis, Princeton University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10120354.
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<p> Much recent writing on the Occupation of Japan has challenged the traditional picture of a well-disciplined American army laying the groundwork for Japan’s transition to democracy by the example of its behavior. Instead it depicts the Occupation, especially its opening phase, as marred by the widespread rape of Japanese women by American servicemen. In addition, many writers claim the United States encouraged, requested or even ordered the Japanese government to establish brothels for its troops. Copious documentation of American behavior from both Japanese and American sources does not support such claims. Rather, it makes very clear that though there were a fair number of reported rapes of Japanese women by American and other Allied servicemen, stories of mass rape during any period of the Occupation, including its opening phase, are simply not credible. In addition the contemporary record suggests that American authorities regarded prostitution not as a benefit for their troops, but as an entrenched social problem which they tolerated reluctantly. This raises the question of how such stories became incorporated into the mainstream. Part of the reason for this was the psychic environment in which these stories were originally created. There is an innate and deep-seated association between rape and war in the human psyche. The Japanese understanding of war in the mid-twentieth century reinforced this association. Rape also served as a metaphor for the American conquest of Japan. GHQ robbed Japanese men of their control of women’s sexuality. Many women then used their sexual autonomy to consort with American soldiers. To many this seemed like a hypocritical seizure of Japanese women, a rape of sorts. Shortly after the Occupation ended a leftist anti-American propaganda campaign and a boom in exploitation literature coincided to produce a great number of works purporting to be true exposes of American cruelties. Though these books are wholly unreliable, and contradict contemporary evidence, many have been incorporated into mainstream history. This is an error. Stories of mass rape and organized sexual exploitation during the Occupation are better understood as metaphoric expressions of the humiliation of defeat, occupation and continuing diplomatic subordination, than as history.</p>
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Tan, Eliza. "Yoshiko Shimada : art, feminism and memory in Japan after 1989." Thesis, Kingston University, 2016. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/37319/.
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This thesis investigates the intersection of art, feminism and postwar memory in Japan through lens of artist Yoshiko Shimada. Coinciding with unprecedented geopolitical shifts occurring in the final thaw of the Cold War, the year 1989 marks a fraught moment in Japan when spectres of the nation's imperialist past and its historical entanglements acquired renewed potency in the wake of Emperor Hirohito's death. Born in 159, Shimada gained international prominence in the 1990s for her critique of the national body, in particular, the relationship between women and the imperial wartime state. Her work, which unapologetically confronts Japan's WWII aggressions in Asia, its wider histories of occupation, and issues such as the fiercely contested legacies of former 'comfort women' vitally reflects on the social role and agency of art and artist in a climate of political unease emergent at Showa's close. Based on extensive interviews with the artist and research into her primary archive, this is the first comprehensive survey chronicling Shimad;s twenty-five year oeuvre. It situates her practice between two vectors: feminism in Japan and its engagement with Western scholarship, and traces the 1990s 'feminist turn' led by art historians such as Chino Kaori, who began to champion the application of gender perspectives in the study of Japanese art. Within the wider Asian region, the concurrent development of transnational women's art' networks, exhibitions and publications dovetailed with the burgeoning of performance art was protest. As one of the most outspoken feminist art activists of her generation, Shimada has borne key witness to the changing cultural conditions informing women artists' organised activities and the writing of their social histories. This interdisciplinary study incorporates a range of perspectives drawn from art history and gender studies, film and performance theory, memory and trauma studies, Japanese studies and cross-cultural scholarship. It highlights the formal and conceptual interactions between printmaking, performance, installation and lens-based media in Shimada's practice, and demonstrates the plural ways in which her reflexive aesthetics and visual strategies express the tensions and complexities characterising processes of remembering, forgetting and representing the past. By interweaving arguments about the crucial role of feminism in challenging dominant narratives of nation, race, sex and ethnicity, with critical perspectives central to discourse on postmodern Japan, questions are raised concerning the implications of gender, tradition and popular culture for art produced in this age of anxiety. The recent proliferation of problem-oriented, politically engaged practices following the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami marks an ostensible 'return to the social' and departure from privileged tropes of 'Japaneseness' in artistic experimentation. Taking this into account, this thesis proposes that revisiting the recent history of feminist art interventions reveals valuable insights into the role of art in understanding and addressing trauma, and engaging marginalised histories and communities. This is exemplified by Shimada's work, which offers a powerful vantage point from which to contemplate art's political inflections, its social potential and the urgency of memory work both in Japan, and in our contemporary societies today.
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Jania, Alexander Edward. "Beyond Mitigation: The Emotional Functions of Natural Disaster Folklore in Japan." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1436922622.
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Seow, Victor Kian Giap. "Carbon Technocracy: East Asian Energy Regimes and the Industrial Modern, 1900-1957." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11472.
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Carbon Technocracy argues for the centrality of fossil fuel energy to the making of global industrial modernity and to the emergence of East Asian technocratic imaginaries in the first half of the twentieth century. It advances the premise that coal and later oil enabled not only the transformation of human society’s material foundations, but also allowed for new kinds of publics and politics.<br>East Asian Languages and Civilizations
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von, Loë Stefano. "\(Nakano Seig\bar{o}\) and the Politics of Democracy, Empire and Fascism in Prewar and Wartime Japan." Thesis, Harvard University, 2011. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10010.
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The subject of this dissertation is the life and career of \(Nakano Seig\bar{o}\), a Japanese journalist and politician born in Fukuoka-city on the southwestern island of \(Ky\bar{u}sh\bar{u}\) in 1886. Initially a liberal and a democrat, Nakano became enamored with European-style fascist movements in the 1930s and tried to start a similar political mass movement in Japan. Advocating a hard-line \(vis-\grave{a}-vis\) America and England, Nakano supported Japan’s entry into WW2. As early as mid-1942, however, he understood that Japan could not win the war and demanded that the government sue for peace – a position that put him into direct opposition with Japan’s military. After being imprisoned briefly for his attempt to bring down the \(T\bar{o}j\bar{o}\) cabinet in the summer of 1943, Nakano committed ritual suicide in October of the same year. The dissertation focuses on Nakano’s enchantment with European fascist movements – Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in particular - and his attempts to launch a similar movement in Japan. Nakano’s attraction to fascism was, in part, a reaction to the international economic and political trends following the Great Depression but also reflected his life-long admiration for charismatic political leaders. His fascist leanings were also the result of a complex political calculation that aimed to exploit the appearance of the masses on Japan’s political stage. The thesis argues that Nakano’s attempt to launch a popular mass movement modeled on the European fascist movements failed both because Nakano’s parties (first the \(Kokumin D\bar{o}mei\), 1931-6 and then the \(T\bar{o}h\bar{o}kai\), 1937 – 1943) lacked ideological cohesion as well as truly totalitarian scope and because Nakano refused to resort to political violence as a means to achieve his political ends.<br>East Asian Languages and Civilizations
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Tripp, Caitlin. "The American Impact on the Evolution of the Japanese Women’s Rights Movement." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/449.
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The purpose of this research is to explore the impact of America’s influence on Japanese women’s efforts to obtain equal rights. America’s role in various Japanese women’s rights groups and movements has been the subject of essays and theses in the past, yet the topic is generally centered specifically on the period during the American occupation following World War II in 1945. This paper aims to take a broader look at Japanese Women’s Rights efforts before and after the war to garner a better understanding of the ways in which the American influence aided in the development of the movement. Japanese women have fought for their rights without the aid of American influence, yet the relationship between the two has had benefits for both parties.
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Curtis, Paula Renée. "Purveyors of Power: Artisans and Political Relations in Japan’s Late Medieval Age." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306860342.
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Naoi, Nozomi. "Beyond the Modern Beauty: Takehisa Yumeji and the New Media Environment in Early Twentieth Century Japan." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11556.
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This thesis focuses on the modern Japanese artist Takehisa Yumeji (1884-1934) and his diverse range of graphic production, from illustrations in socialist newspapers and magazines with images of anti-war and leftist sentiment to fashionable images of beautiful women, referred to as "Yumeji-style beauties" (Yumeji-shiki bijin) in newspaper illustrations, coterie magazines, postcards, frontispieces, posters, and advertisements. Such works circulated widely and within the context of a growing female readership and the emergence of a new media environment that transformed the print medium from its "floating world" profile of the previous century into a technically diverse medium of modern visual culture and avant-garde pictorialism. Yumeji's graphic works participated in the generation of new kinds of modern identity. An extensive consideration of Yumeji's life and works reveals his role in the cultivation of a new demography of viewers and readers.<br>History of Art and Architecture
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Yellen, Jeremy Avrum. "The Two Pacific Wars: Visions of Order and Independence in Japan, Burma, and the Philippines, 1940-1945." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10522.
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This dissertation examines the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, Japan’s ambitious attempt to create a new order in East Asia. Most studies on Japan’s new order focus on either the imperial center (Japan) or the periphery (individual East or Southeast Asian nations). This dissertation, however, brings together both. It discusses the Japanese effort to envision a postwar world, and at the same time shows how Japan’s new order was mobilized and co-opted by nationalist leaders in the Philippines and Burma. By focusing on dynamic imperial networks rather than simple models of unidirectional diffusion, this dissertation seeks to paint a more nuanced picture of World War II in the Asia-Pacific. Simple dichotomies fail to capture the complicated nature of the Co-Prosperity Sphere. The Co-Prosperity Sphere was neither a mere euphemism for Japanese imperialism and wartime actions, nor a sincere project aimed at the liberation of Asia. Instead, the Sphere is better understood as a process or contest of beliefs, one that could not be controlled by any single group or invading force. This process took shape as an effort to envision a postwar world while in the midst of war. Elites in Tokyo dreamed of a postwar Japan-led international order. Elites in Burma and the Philippines, on the other hand, remained focused on their domestic orders, and viewed independence as of paramount importance. This study highlights the evolution and contested nature of Japan’s new order, and shows how multiple parties—both in Japan and across Asia—impacted the shape the wartime empire would take. Moreover, my dissertation makes an important contribution to the history of empire and decolonization by unpacking the significance of the Japanese interregnum in Southeast Asia. It demonstrates that decolonization in Southeast Asia was more than an unintended consequence of World War II. Whether through extended participation in government, state building measures, or the creation of new governmental institutions, Southeast Asian leaders made conscious use of the Japanese empire to prepare for postwar independence.<br>History