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1
Bugge, Henriette. "Silk to Japan. Sino-Dutch Competition in the Silk Trade to Japan, 1663–1685." Itinerario 13, no. 2 (July 1989): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300004307.
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European expansion in Asia and the subsequent clashes between European trading companies and the trading systems of Asia have given rise to vivid discussions in the last decades. The discussions, ranging from Van Leur's theories of the tenacity of the indigenous ‘pedlar’-trade, to Steensgaard's theories of the structural superiority of the trading companies over their Asian competitors, have as yet been rather one-sided. Mostly, when comparing the two trading systems, the historians have concentrated on the trade which took place directly between Europe and Asia. Consequently, the competition between the ‘native’ Asian trade and the trade carried out by the companies have been discussed solely as an aspect of this bi-lateral trade. European participation in the intra-Asian distribution and re-distribution of goods has as yet not been fully discussed. Although authors like Holden Furber and K.N. Chaudhuri have acknowledged the need for further analysis of this subject, neither case-studies nor more theoretical works have appeared.
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Usmonov, Farrukh, and Fumiaki Inagaki. "UNDERSTANDING JAPANESE SOFT POWER POLICY AND ITS FEATURE IN CENTRAL ASIA." Central Asia and The Caucasus 22, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 029–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37178/ca-c.21.1.03.
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The states of the Central Asian region obtained their independence in 1991 and have been undergoing a turbulent transition process, such as civil war, cross-border conflicts, revolution and socio-political reforms. Japan has been furthering its cooperation with the Central Asian countries since the day diplomatic relations were established. Despite only a 25-year history of cooperation, Japan has developed numerous and diverse patterns of involvement in the Central Asian region. There is a positive attitude towards Japan and Japanese people among the population of Central Asian countries. This work explores the features of Japanese soft power policy and its development in Central Asia. The core of the multilateral collaboration format in Japanese Central Asian Policy is “Central Asia + Japan,” which aims to promote inter-regional and intra-regional cooperation among the Central Asian states.
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Yi, Kil J. "In Search of a Panacea: Japan-Korea Rapprochement and America's "Far Eastern Problems"." Pacific Historical Review 71, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 633–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2002.71.4.633.
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The United States had three challenges in Asia in the mid-1960s: a hostile China, an assertive Japan, and a faltering South Vietnam. The Johnson administration's solution to these problems was to promote the normalizing of relations between its two vital Asian allies, Japan and South Korea. The two countries had refused to recognize each other diplomatically since the end of Japan's colonial rule over Korea after World War II. The acrimonious relations between Seoul and Tokyo weakened the containment wall in Northeast Asia while depriving Korea of Japanese investments, loans, and markets. These problems forced the United States to commit extensive military and economic assistance to Korea. As expected, a Tokyo-Seoul rapprochment buttressed the West's bulwark against communist powers in the region and hindered a potential Beijing-Tokyo reconciliation. It opened the road for Japan's economic penetration into Korea and enabled Seoul to receive Tokyo's help in economic development. Reassured by the friendship between Korea and Japan, Washington forged an alliance with Seoul in the Vietnam War. Between 1965 and 1973 Korea dispatched 300,000 soldiers in Vietnam, making it the second largest foreign power in support of Saigon. The Korea-Japan rapprochment proved to be a powerful remedy for America's problems in Asia.
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Liu, Tong, Keping Sun, Yung Chul Park, and Jiang Feng. "Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the greater horseshoe bat,Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, in Northeast Asia." PeerJ 4 (October 11, 2016): e2472. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2472.
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The greater horseshoe bat,Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, is an important model organism for studies on chiropteran phylogeographic patterns. Previous studies revealed the population history ofR. ferrumequinumfrom Europe and most Asian regions, yet there continue to be arguments about their evolutionary process in Northeast Asia. In this study, we obtained mitochondrial DNA cytband D-loop data ofR. ferrumequinumfrom Northeast China, South Korea and Japan to clarify their phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary process. Our results indicate a highly supported monophyletic group of Northeast Asian greater horseshoe bats, in which Japanese populations formed a single clade and clustered into the mixed branches of Northeast Chinese and South Korean populations. We infer thatR. ferrumequinumin Northeast Asia originated in Northeast China and South Korea during a cold glacial period, while some ancestors likely arrived in Japan by flying or land bridge and subsequently adapted to the local environment. Consequently, during the warm Eemian interglaciation, the Korea Strait, between Japan and South Korea, became a geographical barrier to Japanese and inland populations, while the Changbai Mountains, between China and North Korea, did not play a significant role as a barrier between Northeast China and South Korea populations.
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Green, Nile. "Shared infrastructures, informational asymmetries: Persians and Indians in Japan,c.1890–1930." Journal of Global History 8, no. 3 (October 2, 2013): 414–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022813000351.
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AbstractDrawing on primary materials in Persian, Urdu, and English, this article compares Persian and Indian travel accounts to assess the similarities and differences of contemporaneous encounters with Japan. By linking Persian and Urdu writings from either side of 1900 to the differential impact of industrial communications (vernacular printing, steam travel) on Persia and India, the article reconstructs the global connections and inter-Asian networks that suddenly rendered Japan an important touchstone for intellectuals in the Middle East no less than South Asia. By presenting a triangulated and comparative model of inter-Asian exchange, the article contributes to building robust material foundations for positioning Asia, and its Muslims in particular, within global intellectual history, and concludes by contrasting the sources of information generation that preceded ideological formation.
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Mitani, Hiroshi. "The Concept of Asia: From Geography to Ideology." New Perspectives on Turkey 35 (2006): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600004465.
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In the contemporary world the word “Asia” invokes a sense of regional integration or solidarity among Asian peoples. This sense of the word is rather recent and can only be traced back to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In that period, Japan called on Asian people to unify against the Western threat under its leadership. But until the late nineteenth century, “Asia” was a purely geographical term; merely the name of one of the five continents-a concept that had been modeled by early modern Europeans.In this essay I will discuss how and why the political usage of the word “Asia,” stressing Asian solidarity, was invented by the Japanese around the 1880s. I also investigate the ways in which this sense of the word spread to the rest of the geographical region of Asia. In order to understand the unfolding of this historical process, we should first examine the traditional concepts of world geography in Japan and how the European concept of Asia was introduced into East Asia.
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Arai, Chinichi. "History Textbooks in Twentieth Century Japan." Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2010): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2010.020208.
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Despite modernization of the Japanese school system after 1872, this period was marked by the war in East Asia and nationalism focusing on the emperor, whereby the imperial rescript of 1890 defined the core of national education. Following defeat in the Second World War, Japan reformed its education system in accordance with a policy geared towards peace and democracy in line with the United Nations. However, following the peace treaty of 1951 and renewed economic development during the Cold War, the conservative power bloc revised history textbooks in accordance with nationalist ideology. Many teachers, historians and trade unions resisted this tendency, and in 1982 neighboring countries in East Asia protested against the Japanese government for justifying past aggression in history textbooks. As a result, descriptions of wartime misdeeds committed by the Japanese army found their way into textbooks after 1997. Although the ethnocentric history textbook for Japanese secondary schools was published and passed government screening in 2001, there is now a trend towards bilateral or multilateral teaching materials between Japan, South Korea, and China. Two bilateral and one multilateral work have been published so far, which constitute the basis for future trials toward publishing a common textbook.
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Momoki, Shiro. "INTRODUCTION TO “THE FORMATION OF A JAPANOCENTRIC WORLD ORDER”." International Journal of Asian Studies 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2005): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591405000082.
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Traditionally, East Asians have tended to hold a strong national, or state-centric, view. In the modern university system established in the Meiji period in Japan, Japanese history was defined as National History, and strictly differentiated from Asian history, as National (i.e. Japanese) literature was differentiated from Chinese literature. Imperial Japan used the theory of expansionism to justify its hegemony in Asia, but that theory collapsed with the close of World War II. Political complications, furthermore, made it difficult for Japanese historians to have contacts with their fellow Asian scholars. Under these circumstances the tradition of National History was reinforced among the academic circle of Japanese historians. Predominant in this version of Japanese history was the image of early modern Japan as a self-contained, “mono-ethnic” state, in “sea-locked isolation”, and the Tokugawa bakufu's sakoku (national seclusion) policy was the symbol of that isolation. Internationally renowned studies on Japan's foreign relations by scholars such as Kobata Atsushi and Iwao Seiichi did not attract much attention in Japan.
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Takagi, Hiroshi. "History and Future Prospect of Electro-ceramics in Japan and Asia." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, CICMT (September 1, 2012): 000002–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-2012-kn2_murata.
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On the background of a long history of Japanese ceramics, various electro-ceramic materials have been studied and many kinds of electronic components using them have been developed in Japan. The first invention of electro-ceramics in Japan should be a ferrite at Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1930, and the mass production of ferrite started in 1937. Then, Japanese electro-ceramic industry has led the world on electro-ceramic materials and components until now, especially in the fields of BaTiO3, PZT, PTC thermistor, ZnO varistor and insulating ceramics. In recent years, new electro-ceramic materials, their processes and new devices using them have been still studied actively in Japan. Currently, R&D activities in Asia outside of Japan, and electro-ceramic industries in those areas have been grown steadily.
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HUANG, Donglan. "The Concept of “Asia” in the Context of Modern China." Cultura 16, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/cul022019.0002.
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As a part of the geographical knowledge introduced by Matteo Ricci from the West into China at the beginning of the 17th century, the concept of “Asia” had undergone a cool reception for over three hundred years and did not become a common idea of world geography until the early 20th century when it was publicized by textbooks and other mass media. As the author points out, Asia is not merely a geographical concept, but also refers to history, culture, and politics. Although early Western missionaries and Chinese scholar-officials like Wei Yuan endowed Asia with a positive meaning as the origin of world civilization, from the mid-19th century on, Chinese intellectuals, out of a sense of crisis caused by the European invasion of Asia, tended to describe Asia as a backward continent subjugated by the white people. In the 1910s, against the background of Japan’s annexation of Korea, Asia was divided into two opposing parts, “the country invading other countries” (Japan) and “the countries being invaded by other countries” (India, Korea, and China). Along with the occupation of other Asian countries by Japan in the name of “the Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere” in the 1930s and 1940s, the concept of Asia also lost its charm among Chinese nationals.
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Byun, Bong-Kyu, Stephan Blank, and Akihiko Shinohara. "The East Asian Xyela species (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae) associated with Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora; Pinaceae) and their distribution history." Insect Systematics & Evolution 36, no. 3 (2005): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631205788838393.
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AbstractThe association of five East Asian species of Xyela Dalman, 1819 with Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zuccarini, 1842 has been demonstrated by the identification of reared adults or of adults collected by emergence traps. The host plant of X. japonica Rohwer, 1910 is doubtful. These Xyela species occur as sibling species or at least as pairs of morphologically similar species, which are distributed vicariantly on the East Asian mainland and in Japan, respectively. The vicariance events for the Korean-Japanese species pairs date back to the disconnection of ancient Japan and South-East Asia during the Mindel-Riss interglacial period (320,000-180,000 BP). The most southern record of a xyelid sawfly from South-East Asia is reported for an unidentified Xyela female from southern Vietnam. Xyela densiflorae Blank & Shinohara (South Korea), X. occidentalis Blank & Shinohara (northeastern China, South Korea), Xyela par Blank & Shinohara (South Korea), and X. tecta Blank & Shinohara (Japan) are described. X. variegata Rohwer, 1910, formerly regarded as a synonym of X. julii (Brébisson, 1818), is reestablished. The male of X. japonica is described for the first time. A key for the identification of these species is presented.
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SUBRAHMANYAM, SANJAY. "One Asia, or Many? Reflections from connected history." Modern Asian Studies 50, no. 1 (January 2016): 5–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x15000451.
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It is now widely rumoured that the ‘Asian century’ is upon us. But what does this really mean? As late as 1988, Deng Xiaoping—in remarks made before the Indian prime minister, Rajiv Gandhi—expressed some scepticism about the facility of the formulation. As Deng stated then:In recent years people have been saying that the next century will be the century of Asia and the Pacific, as if that were sure to be the case. I disagree with this view. If we exclude the United States, the only countries in the Asia-Pacific region that are relatively developed are Japan, the ‘four little dragons’, Australia and New Zealand, with a total population of at most 200 million. (. . .) But the population of China and India adds up to 1.8 billion. Unless those two countries are developed, there will be no Asian century. No genuine Asia-Pacific century or Asian century can come until China, India and other neighbouring countries are developed. By the same token, there could be no Latin-American century without a developed Brazil. We should therefore regard the problem of development as one that concerns all mankind and study and solve it on that level. Only thus will we recognize that it is the responsibility not just of the developing countries but also of the developed countries.Whatever the doubts about his standing as a Marxist, then, we may say that Deng remained resolutely universalist in his perspective, at least outwardly.
13
Clancey, G. "The History of Technology in Japan and East Asia." East Asian Science, Technology and Society 3, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/s12280-009-9108-3.
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LIN, MAN-HOUNG. "Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the Pacific, 1895–1945." Modern Asian Studies 44, no. 5 (December 2, 2009): 1053–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x09990370.
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AbstractFor the history connecting East Asia with the West, there is much literature about contact and trade across the Atlantic Ocean from the sixteenth to the early nineteenth centuries.1 This paper notes the rapid growth of the Pacific Ocean in linking Asia with the larger world in the early twentieth century by perceiving the economic relationships between Taiwan and Hong Kong while Japan colonized Taiwan. The Pacific route from Taiwan directly to America or through Japan largely replaced the Hong Kong–Atlantic–Europe–USA route to move Taiwan's export products to countries in the West. Other than still using Hong Kong as a trans-shipping point to connect with the world, Japan utilized Taiwan as a trans-shipping point to sell Japanese products to South China, and Taiwan's tea was sold directly to Southeast Asia rather than going through Hong Kong. Taiwan's exports to Japan took the place of its exports to China. Japanese and American goods dominated over European goods or Chinese goods from Hong Kong for Taiwan's import. Japanese and Taiwanese merchants (including some anti-Japanese merchants) overrode the British and Chinese merchants in Hong Kong to carry on the Taiwan–Hong Kong trade. America's westward expansion towards the Pacific, the rise of the Pacific shipping marked by the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914, and the rise of Japan relative to China, restructured intra-Asian relations and those between Asia and the rest of the world.
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Kibata, Yoichi. "Shigeru Akita and the Study of British Imperial History in Japan." Asian Review of World Histories 10, no. 2 (July 29, 2022): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340114.
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Abstract Shigeru Akita’s research into global history is solidly based on his study of British imperial history. Starting his career as an imperial historian by probing the role of the Indian army in Britain’s empire, he incorporated such concepts as gentlemanly capitalism, intra-Asian trade, and structural power into his historical analysis of British rule in Asia, an analysis that provided the framework for his picture of global history. Recently he has been studying the process of industrialization in Asian countries within the historical context of the Cold War and decolonization, focusing on the role of development aid. His organizational talent has been amply displayed by his presidency of the Asian Association of World Historians, by his instrumental role in organizing the early activities of the Study Group of British Imperial and Commonwealth History, and by his successful efforts to make Osaka University a leading research center of global history.
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Arnold, David. "Commentary on Thomas S. Mullaney, “Controlling the Kanjisphere,” and Antonia Finnane, “Cold War Sewing Machines”." Journal of Asian Studies 75, no. 3 (August 2016): 789–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002191181600053x.
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As studies of technology in modern Asia move from production to consumption, and from big machines to small, so they confront increasingly complex and nuanced issues about the relationship between the local, the regional, and the global; between political economy and culture; and, perhaps most crucially, between technology and modernity. From a South Asian perspective (and perhaps from a Southeast Asian one as well), many of these issues are inescapably bound up with the Western colonial presence, decolonization, and the post-independence quest for national self-sufficiency and economic autarky. In East Asia, as the articles by Antonia Finnane and Thomas Mullaney demonstrate, the issues play out somewhat differently, not least because of the pivotal role of Japan as a major regional force, an industrial nation, and an imperial power. In South Asia in the period covered by these essays, Japan was a far more marginal presence, with only some industrial goods—such as textiles, bicycles, or umbrella fittings—finding a market there by the mid-1930s. At their height in 1933–34, some 17,000 Japanese bicycles were imported into India (out of nearly 90,000 overall), and in 1934–35, barely 1,400 sewing machines (out of 83,000); within three years this had fallen to less than 700. However, as Nira Wickramasinghe has recently demonstrated with respect to Ceylon (colonial Sri Lanka), Japan had a significance that ranged well beyond its limited commercial impact: it inspired admiration for the speed of its industrialization, for its scientific and technological prowess, and as the foremost exemplar of an “Asian modern” (Wickramasinghe 2014, chap. 5). One other way in which Japan figured in postwar regional history was through demands for compensation made in 1946 for sewing machines destroyed by Japanese bombing (or the looting that accompanied it) and the occupation of the Andaman Islands. And yet, relatively remote though Japan and China might be from South Asia's consumer history, across much of the Asian continent there was a common chronology to this unfolding techno-history, beginning in the 1880s and 1890s and dictated less evidently by the politics of war and peace than by the influx of small machines, of which sewing machines and typewriters were but two conspicuous examples.
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Huff, Gregg, and Shinobu Majima. "Financing Japan's World War II Occupation of Southeast Asia." Journal of Economic History 73, no. 4 (November 15, 2013): 937–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050713000843.
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This article analyzes how Japan financed its World War II occupation of Southeast Asia, the market-purchased transfer of resources to Japan, and the monetary and inflation consequences of Japanese policies. Occupation was financed principally by printing large quantities of money. While some Southeast Asian countries had high inflation, hyperinflation hardly occurred because of a sustained transactions demand for money and because of Japan's strong enforcement of monetary monopoly. Highly specialized Southeast Asian economies and loss of Japanese merchant shipping limited resource extraction.
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Tamari, Tomoko. "Cultural Studies in Japan." Theory, Culture & Society 23, no. 7-8 (December 2006): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276406073232.
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This interview focuses on the history and current developments of cultural studies in Japan. Shunya Yoshimi is one of the leading figures in cultural studies in Japan since its introduction in the mid-1990s. He is currently engaged in the task of developing cultural studies in Asia with younger generations of scholars and to this end has helped established a new type of cultural movement, Cultural Typhoon, as well as contributing to expand Asian cultural studies networks, such as Inter Asia Cultural Studies. He argues that cultural studies has been questioning the relationship between meaning and power in everyday life through a variety of concrete and practical fields. In fact, he argues, it is inevitable for cultural studies to ask questions about the politics, if we in cultural studies are to develop actual knowledge of cultural production and consumption today. Hence, it is essential to investigate the micro-politics of bodies in relation to macro-political processes. In the case of Japan, working on cultural studies within an existing discipline also means engaging in experiments, which ultimately could have the potential to undermine existing disciplines from within.
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Washbrook, D. A. "Progress and Problems: South Asian Economic and Social History c.1720–1860." Modern Asian Studies 22, no. 1 (February 1988): 57–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00009410.
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Over the last fifteen to twenty years, interest in the history of early modern and modern South Asia has grown enormously and has engaged the attention of an increasingly international audience. Whereas, at the end of the 1960s, research in the subject was largely confined to universities in South Asia itself and the rest of the British Commonwealth, today a variety of projects, conferences and regular workshops link together scholars from South Asia and the Commonwealth with those in Japan, Indonesia, France, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Italy, Eastern Europe and the United States. Equally, whereas twenty years ago the publication of South Asia-related research was restricted to a few specialist journals, today this research provides the staple of at least four quarterlies with major international circulations and appears regularly in most of the leading historical periodicals. In the last five years, monographys on South Asia related historical subjects have been published by presses in Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, France, the Soviet Union and Japan as well as, of course, India and Pakistan, the rest of the Commonwealth and the United States.
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Borovichev, Eugene A., Vadim A. Bakalin, and Masanobu Higuchi. "On Mannia androgyna (Aytoniaceae, Marchantiophyta) in Eastern Asia." Polish Botanical Journal 59, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pbj-2014-0037.
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Abstract The discovery of Mannia androgyna (L.) A. Evans in Russian Asian and Japanese localities changes the conception of the distribution patterns of the taxon, previously regarded as principally a Mediterranean species. A description and illustrations based on specimens collected in Russian Asia and Japan are provided. The history of the taxonomic understanding of Mannia androgyna is briefly reviewed, and features differentiating closely related species are discussed.
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Tipton, Frank B. "Whither Japan? Changing Japan, changing Asia, changing the World." Asian Studies Review 27, no. 4 (December 2003): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357820308713390.
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Lee, Hochul. "International Politics of Okinawa: A History of Geopolitics and Power Politics." Korean Association of Area Studies 40, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29159/kjas.40.1.1.
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This study examines the history of international politics of Okinawa in terms of ‘geopolitical power politics’ in East Asia. Within this theoretical perspective, this study looks at the national destiny of the Rykyu Kingdom, the annexation of the Kingdom by the Meiji Japan, the imperial overextension of the Meiji Japan and its termination after the Battle of Okinawa, and Okinawa in terms of the US post-war East Asian strategy. Major findings of the analysis are as below. First, the national destiny of the Ryukyu Kingdom had been determined by the geopolitical power politics between China and Japan. Second, the Meiji Japan annexed the Kingdom as the power shift had been confirmed after the Taiwan Expedition in 1894. The annexation of the Ryukyu Kingdom marked the beginning of Japanese imperial expansion that was terminated at the Battle of Okinawa. Okinawa was the springboard for Japanese imperial expansion and also the last battlefield that terminated it. Third, Okinawa has been transformed into a key military base for the US post-war East Asian strategy. Finally, Geopolitical power politics proved to be a useful theoretical perspective in analyzing the history of international politics of Okinawa. If the Meiji Japan began its imperial intrusion into China by annexing the Ryukyu in late 19th century after the first power transition between China and Japan, the US now contains rising China by deploying Okinawa as a breakwater at the seas between the East China Sea and the Western Pacific after the second power transition between China and Japan.
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Noguchi, Motoo. "Criminal Justice in Asia and Japan and the International Criminal Court." International Criminal Law Review 6, no. 4 (2006): 585–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181206778992296.
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AbstractThe under-representation of Asia in the International Criminal Court is an issue of serious concern. This article addresses criminal justice in Asia and Japan, hoping to help enhance the understanding of their special circumstances and assist in increasing the number of State Parties to the ICC. More specifically, it (i) identifies common features surrounding society and culture in many Asian countries that are hindrances or possible reasons why they haven't acceded; (ii) discusses the main characteristics of the Japanese criminal investigation and trial system that reflect the influence of both the civil law and common law legal systems; (iii) gives a brief overview of the history of the development of the Japanese criminal law since the late 19th century; (iv) touches upon some of the main legal issues that Japan needs to consider before acceding to the Statute; and (v) clarifies the significance of Japan becoming a State Party.
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Surya, Riza Afita. "Japanese Merchants Diaspora in the 17th Century into Southeast Asia." IZUMI 10, no. 2 (October 18, 2021): 246–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/izumi.10.2.246-257.
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This study aimed to investigate the Japanese Diaspora in the 17th century into Southeast Asia. This article discussed critically the motives, process, and the effect of Japanese diaspora in the Southeast Asia. Reseacher utilized historical method with descriptive approach. The process being performed namely heuristics, critism, interpretation, and historiography. Japanese history regarding abroad migration is an interesting issue between scholars who studied migration, anthropology, and minority studies over the decades. Edo period in Japan is one of the most studied field for many scholars for Japanese studies, since it shaped the characteristic of Japanese culture until today. Trade of Japan is significant part of its economical development since the pre-modern era. In the 17th century, Japan established a solid trade network with Southeast Asia regions, namely Siam, Malacca, Cambodia, Vietnam and Manila. The emerge of maritime trade with Southeast Asia encouraged Japanese merchants to travel and create settlements in some regions. The Japanese diaspora was encouraged with vermillion seal trade which allowed them to do journey overseas and settled in some places, which eventually increased the number of Japanese merchants in the Southeast Asia. However, after the Sakoku policy there was restriction of trade relation ehich prohibited overseas maritime trade, except for China and Dutch. Sakoku policy caused Japanese merchants who stayed overseas could not return for many years, then they settled themselves as Japanese communities known as Nihon Machi in some places within Southeast Asia. History of early modern Japan between the 16th and 19th century provides a broader narratives of global history as it was surrounded by intense global interaction.
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Magpantay, Andre. "“Asia for Asians”: Revisiting Pan-Asianism through the Propaganda Arts of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere." MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities 26, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-26010015.
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Abstract The slogan “Asia for Asians” has been a central concept of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and propagated by Japan as it imperialized parts of East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Oceania. Without bias to the resulting historical developments and realities, Pan-Asianism is revisited through the propaganda arts and materials proliferated by the Empire of Japan towards its agenda of a unified Asia. Aided by knowledge of art history and criticism, six specifically chosen propaganda arts are analyzed using theories of image analysis drawing from the works of Guillermo (2001), Bartmański, Alexander, and Giesen (2012), and Ross (2002). Three main themes are analyzed: the image of the sphere, the collective identity of the countries in the sphere under Japan, and the meaning of co-prosperity. The themes provide an insight into the development of Pan-Asianism as propagated by the Japanese Empire in its attempt towards Pan-Asianism through the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
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Ozawa, Terutomo. "Exploring the Asian Economic Miracle: Politics, Economics, Society, Culture, and History — A Review Article." Journal of Asian Studies 53, no. 1 (February 1994): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2059529.
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Structural upgrading and industrial dynamismin Pacific Asia—initially Japan, then the Asian NIEs (Newly Industrializing Economies: South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore) following closely behind, and most recently, ASEAN 4 (Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines)—have been unprecedentedly phenomenal. This regional supergrowth in industrial activities has become the center of attention, but the evolving changes in the political systems and societal structures of the Pacific Asian nations have been, no doubt, equally important, although rather subtle and not so dramatic in appearance.
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Moore, Aaron Stephen. "“The Yalu River Era of Developing Asia”: Japanese Expertise, Colonial Power, and the Construction of Sup'ung Dam." Journal of Asian Studies 72, no. 1 (February 2013): 115–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911812001817.
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Through investigating the construction of one of Japan's largest infrastructure projects during the Sino-Japanese War (1937–45), this article examines the formation of a technocratic regime of colonial development expertise that was an important pillar of Japanese imperial rule and continued to have powerful effects throughout postwar Asia. It analyzes how a particular form of technical expertise and the wider discourse of “Scientific Japan” as the modernizer of Asia were legitimated and naturalized, as well as how they operated as a system of colonial power. Japan and other East Asian regimes after the war continued to invoke forms of technocratic expertise with origins in the colonial era as part of their state-led development programs, often with adverse effects on their populations. Thus this article concludes that there is a continuing need to critique, historicize, and denaturalize such regimes of expertise invoked by networks of bureaucrats, businessmen, engineers, and experts.
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Schwartz, Thomas, and John Yoo. "Asian Territorial Disputes and the 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty: The Case of Dokdo." Chinese Journal of International Law 18, no. 3 (August 22, 2019): 503–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chinesejil/jmz017.
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Abstract This Article analyzes whether the 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty, the only multilateral international agreement that draws borders in East Asia, resolves the longstanding dispute over Dokdo between Korea and Japan. It uses the dispute to draw larger lessons about the nature of the treaty that ended World War II in the Pacific and how it structured the peace in Asia differently from that in Europe. It uses U.S. archival material to reconstruct the history of the making of the Treaty, which continues to be the most significant international legal instrument governing post-WWII Asia. Although the Republic of Korea demonstrated a long history of control over Dokdo, Japan annexed the island on February 22, 1905. Japan places much importance on the Treaty’s silence because the Treaty otherwise required Japan to relinquish the territories it acquired before and during World War II. After the fall of the Nationalist government in China, the United States decided to rebuild Japan into a strong regional ally, and consequently negotiated a generous peace treaty with its former WWII enemy. This Article concludes that the Treaty left Dokdo, along with other important issues, open for future resolution.
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BIBIK, OLEKSANDRA. "TRANSFORMATION OF THE JAPANESE MEMORY POLITIC IN THE II HALF OF XX-XXI CENTURIES IN THE CONTEXTS OF PAN-ASIAN AMBITIONS." Skhid, no. 1(2) (July 1, 2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2021.1(2).236141.
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The article is devoted to the analyses of the role of Pan-Asianism in the formation of the Japanese policy of memory in the period after World War II. Since the Meiji period, Japan has had a dual relationship with Asia: on the one hand, as a region of high spirituality and culture, on the other, as a region lagging behind the West or Europe in terms of economic, political and technological development. In the 1950s, when Japan was experiencing a period of economic crisis caused by the defeat of the war, the occupation regime, and the formation of military memory, we see a trend of Japanese intellectuals classifying Japan as "Asia". If during World War I Pan-Asian ideology was used to correct imperial ideology and colonialism, modern Pan-Asian concepts tend to create a union of Southeast Asian countries for support and mutual development. The further development of these sentiments depends on the implementation of existing ASEAN projects and the specifics of the adopted political and economic strategies of the Asian Commonwealth.
The articles provide the first comprehensive analysis of the constitutional documents, editions and speeches of Japanese politicians, which show the transformations of Japanese memory politic. The main terms of development of this policy, which consist in patient orientation and gradual formation of new Asianism, are separated. Discussions around Yasukuni-jinja and Japanese history textbooks as examples of these trends in Japanese politics are analyzed.
Provided that Japan's pacifist position is enshrined in the constitution, there are conservative and nationalist views on the Japanese war in Asia. As part of Japan's policy of remembrance, Pan-Asianism fosters an ambivalent attitude toward Japanese expansion in Asia. Subject to Japan's official admission of guilt to neighbouring countries, condemnation of expansionism and colonialism, and the transition to pacifism, there are conservative and nationalist views on the Japanese war in Asia. Within the conservative position, Japanese guilt is questioned and the need to recognize the heroic participants in the war is proclaimed, the "Great East Asian War" is interpreted as a war of self-defence, or the correctness and truth of Pan-Asian ideals of Taisho and Showa Japan are recognized.
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Paramore, Kiri. "Chinese Medicine, Western Medicine and Confucianism: Japanese State Medicine and the Knowledge Cosmopolis of Early Modern East Asia." Journal of Early Modern History 21, no. 3 (June 6, 2017): 241–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342527.
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This article argues that Chinese state intellectual approaches to medicine significantly influenced the institutional reception of Western medicine in early modern Japan. Confucian-inspired general reforms of government in late eighteenth-century Japan encouraged an increase in state medical intervention, including the introduction of Western medical practices, achieved primarily through the use of transnational Confucian intellectual knowledge apparatuses. Through a sociology of knowledge approach, this article analyzes the links between earlier private-sphere Chinese medical practice, late Chinese imperial state ideas on medicine, and early modern state-led medical Westernization in Japan. The article highlights the role of trans-Asian Confucian ideas, networks and practices in mediating new approaches to technical innovation, including those from the West. The position for Confucianism argued in the article thereby resonates with Bayly’s idea of the early modern information order of India, and Pollock and Ricci’s ideas on cosmopolitan discursive spaces in other parts of Asia.
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Debuque-Gonzales, Margarita, and Maria Socorro Gochoco-Bautista. "Financial Conditions Indexes and Monetary Policy in Asia." Asian Economic Papers 16, no. 2 (June 2017): 83–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00522.
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This paper constructs quarterly financial conditions indexes (FCIs) for eight Asian economies—namely, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand—using a common factor methodology based on Hatzius et al. ( 2010 ). A wide array of financial data is included in the indexes based on identified monetary transmission channels in the literature. Bank-related indicators, various measures of financial stress and risk, and credit surveys, where available, are incorporated to fully reflect the state of the financing environment. The FCIs for Asia successfully capture important episodes in each economy's financial history, but only the indexes of financially advanced economies Japan and Singapore have sufficient forecasting power to predict output growth and inflation. High co-movement of Asian FCIs suggests highly similar monetary policies in the region that are strongly linked with monetary policy in the United States.
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Murakami, Ei. "A Comparison of the End of the Canton and Nagasaki Trade Control Systems." Itinerario 37, no. 3 (December 2013): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115313000806.
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Owing to the development of global history in recent decades, the idea of the West as the standard by which to consider economic development in other parts of the world has been abandoned.In his studies, Kenneth Pomeranz emphasised the similarities in the living standards that existed in the core region of East Asia and Northwest Europe until the beginning of the nineteenth century. He concludes that the reasons for the great divergence between East Asia and Northwest Europe had to do with the regions' access to coal mines and the New World. His studies stimulated comparisons between East Asian countries, such as China, India, and Japan, with Northwest Europe using different economic indicators.However, these studies do not adequately explain the reason for the “small divergence” between China and Japan after the mid-nineteenth century. There were no significant differences in the living standards or real wages in the core regions of China and Japan until late in the century. Because of the development of transportation technology during the 1800s, the location of coalmines cannot explain the difference between the two countries. Therefore, it is important to examine the institutional background for the “small divergence” between China and Japan.
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Dobrinskaya, O. A. "Official Development Assistance in Japan's Strategy in Central Asia." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 86–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-3-72-86-111.
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The article analyzes the official development aid (ODA) as a tool for ensuring Japan’s interests in Central Asia. The author puts forward an idea that ODA reflects the complex nature of Japan’s foreign policy which is a combination of a strategies based on national interests, efforts at implementation of liberal values and seeking common Asian identity. The research starts from the brief overview of history of the ODA and then proceeds to the coverage of Japan’s ODA towards Central Asia to demonstrate how the evolution of Japan’s political priorities manifested itself in the country’s assistance policy. The author uses quantitative and qualitative analysis of ODA to Central Asia as well as content analysis of the key documents on diplomacy and ODA. The research then focuses on the main directions of assistance and studies how they relate to Japan’s foreign policy goals. Further attention is given to the role Japan plays in the region, by assessing her position among the main donors of Central Asia as well as the significance of its aid from the point of view of economic development of the region, ODA’s security role and Japan’s efforts at preserving the cultural heritage of the region. The author comes to the conclusion that realism-based objectives such as getting access to the natural resources of the region, securing its geopolitical stance in the heart of Eurasia and ensuring the support for Japan’s bid to the UN Security Council seat by five Central Asian states dominate Japan’s ODA policy. It is also influenced by external factors, such as US-Japan military alliance and Japan’s geopolitical rivalry with China. At the same time, much of Japan’s efforts are directed at liberal goals such as promoting democracy in the region with Japan being a role model for democratization, supporting modernization and market economy. Assisting economic development and helping settle security issues with an emphasis on human security projects demonstrate not only Japan’s desire to boost its positive image in the region but also enhance its international reputation and its vision of Central Asia as a ground for cooperation with other countries. The author comes to the conclusion that cultural ODA is directed at objects related to shared history, mainly at preservation of the Buddhist heritage which Japan sees as a foundation for common identity and which underlies its connections to the Silk Road.
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Sehgal, Ayushi, Sanya Mehta, Kritika Sahay, Ekaterina Martynova, Albert Rizvanov, Manoj Baranwal, Sara Chandy, Svetlana Khaiboullina, Emmanuel Kabwe, and Yuriy Davidyuk. "Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Asia: History, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention." Viruses 15, no. 2 (February 18, 2023): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020561.
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Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) is the most frequently diagnosed zoonosis in Asia. This zoonotic infection is the result of exposure to the virus-contaminated aerosols. Orthohantavirus infection may cause Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HRFS), a disease that is characterized by acute kidney injury and increased vascular permeability. Several species of orthohantaviruses were identified as causing infection, where Hantaan, Puumala, and Seoul viruses are most common. Orthohantaviruses are endemic to several Asian countries, such as China, South Korea, and Japan. Along with those countries, HFRS tops the list of zoonotic infections in the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia. Recently, orthohantavirus circulation was demonstrated in small mammals in Thailand and India, where orthohantavirus was not believed to be endemic. In this review, we summarized the current data on orthohantaviruses in Asia. We gave the synopsis of the history and diversity of orthohantaviruses in Asia. We also described the clinical presentation and current understanding of the pathogenesis of orthohantavirus infection. Additionally, conventional and novel approaches for preventing and treating orthohantavirus infection are discussed.
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Em, Sereyrath, and Sophea Phann. "BOOK REVIEW: Cooperative and work-integrated education: History, present, and future issues in Asia." Cambodian Journal of Educational and Social Sciences (CJESS) 1, no. 1 (June 19, 2024): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.69496/cjess.v1i1.17.
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“Cooperative and Work-Integrated Education in Asia: History, Present, and Future Issues” is a comprehensive edited book that explores the evolution and current landscape of cooperative work-integrated education (CWIE) in various Asian countries. Cooperative education (co-op), a well-established work-integrated learning (WIL) model, has been successfully implemented for decades across many countries in Europe and Asia. Despite its proven impact on a country's sustainability and economic growth, co-op education is not globally recognized yet. With its strong industrial base and history of success, Japan has implemented co-op education at a national level and has used the model to drive company universities in Thailand and the rest of South Asia. While these experiences provide useful teaching and learning cases, there is limited literature and research on the adoption and implementation of co-op education in industrial Asia. Edited by Tanaka and Zegwaard (2018), this book reports the state of the co-op and WIL environment in Asia, offering synthesis, analysis, and discussion on the present and the future of such a proven model. The content presented in this book is drawn from the input and insight of a vastly representative group of international researchers, educators, students, and governmental officials; a variety of publicly available reports and publications, and survey data collected from a broad range of Asian co-op programs. The findings would, definitely, help the Asia communities expand and reframe the conversation to address the key challenges, rethink the ways and means of contemporary workforce preparation, and create innovative strategies to better integrate working experience into student education to produce work-ready and skill-ready graduates.
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Bian, Dongbo. "“Chunjiang huayue ye” in the History of Sinographic Literature in East Asia." Journal of Chinese Humanities 9, no. 4 (January 29, 2024): 410–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23521341-12340166.
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Abstract Zhang Ruoxu’s poem “Chunjiang huayue ye,” reached Japan and Korea in the anthology Tangshi xuan compiled by the Ming dynasty scholar Li Panlong. In the mid-Edo period, under the influence of the “Kobunjigaku” (Ancient Rhetoric School) represented by Ogyū Sorai, the Tangshi xuan anthology enjoyed a phase of great popularity and became the widest-read Tang poetry work at the time. Because “Chunjiang huayue ye” was included in Tangshi xuan, it was also widely read. Many versions of Tangshi xuan containing abundant commentaries on “Chunjiang huayue ye” were published in Japan; most of these focus on art appreciation and comment on the poem in considerable depth. China, Japan, and Korea also produced many response poems and imitations of “Chunjiang huayue ye.” Of these, the Chinese imitations were closest to the original work, the Japanese ones had greater ideological depth and echoed the commentaries on the poem, and the Korean ones were all rhymed response poems that were integrated into Korean culture over time. As a literary classic, “Chunjiang huayue ye” transcended its original era and at the same time broke the barriers of space, becoming world literature appreciated by people in other countries.
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Akibayashi, Kozue. "Cold War Shadows of Japan’s Imperial Legacies for Women in East Asia." positions: asia critique 28, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 659–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-8315179.
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Japan occupies a unique position in the history of East Asia as the sole non-Western colonial power. Japan’s defeat in the Asia-Pacific War that ended its colonial expansion did not bring justice to its former colonies. The Japanese leadership and people were spared from being held accountable for its invasion and colonial rule by the United States in its Cold War strategy to make post–World War II Japan a military outpost and bulwark in the region against communism. How then did the Cold War shape feminisms in Japan, a former colonizing force that never came to terms with its colonial violence? What was the impact of the Cold War on Japanese women’s movements for their own liberation? What are the implications for today? This article discusses the effects of Japan’s imperial legacies during the Cold War and the current aftermath with examples taken from the history of the women’s movement in Japan.
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Lynn, Hyung Gu. "Systemic Lock: The Institutionalization of History in Post- 1965 South Korea–Japan Relations." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 9, no. 1-2 (2000): 55–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187656100793645976.
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AbstractLegal and diplomatic guidelines for relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK) have been in place since the Treaty of Normalization and accompanying Agreements of June 1965. Tokyo and Seoul have also cultivated extensive economic ties. Since 1965, Japan has been a major supplier of technology and capital for Korea, while Korea has consistently been among the top four export markets for Japan. Unlike relations between other neighboring countries in Asia (such as China and Vietnam, Vietnam and Cambodia, China and India, India and Pakistan, or South and North Korea), there have been no wars or military conflicts between South Korea and Japan since 1945.
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Green, Nile. "Forgotten Futures: Indian Muslims in the Trans-Islamic Turn to Japan." Journal of Asian Studies 72, no. 3 (June 11, 2013): 611–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911813000582.
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This essay casts light on the alternative but unrealized futures imagined through the Indian Muslim encounter with Japan in the inter-war period. Echoing other attempts to destabilize the empire-to-nation teleology of Indo-Pakistani independence, the essay uncovers a set of aspirations, actors, and spaces of comparison by which Indian Muslims sought an independent future for Muslim-ruled princely states such as Hyderabad. Through comparison with similar patterns in other Asian princely states, a case study of Urdu writings on Japan shows how East Asia became a place to imagine for Hyderabad a future that never came to fruition. By locating India in a trans-Islamic pattern of engaging Japan, the essay shows how, between the Russo-Japanese War and the Second World War, Japan provided newly globalized intellectuals with a template for empowering Muslim-ruled polities that either never came into existence or were subsumed by Asia's postcolonial nations.
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Vu Thanh, Hélène. "The Role of the Franciscans in the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Philippines and Japan in the 16th–17th Centuries: Transpacific Geopolitics?" Itinerario 40, no. 2 (August 2016): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115316000346.
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This article proposes to study the role of Franciscan missionaries in the establishment of economic and diplomatic relations between the Spanish Philippines and Japan. More specifically, it argues that the missionaries played an active part in the construction of a trans-pacific commercial and religious network connecting the Spanish Americas with Asia. In so doing, the article aims at correcting the commonplace historiographical assumption that the Franciscan presence in Japan was negligible and of little interest compared to the Jesuits’. Indeed, the diplomatic relations between Japan and the Philippines were set against a general context of Iberian expansion in Asia. The Spanish conquered Manila in 1571 for chiefly commercial reasons. However, the spreading of the faith provided a justification for Spanish territorial ambitions in Asia. In this process, the Franciscans played a prominent role, as they were picked as ambassadors to Japan by the governor of Manila. The Franciscans did not have mere regional ambitions for Japan: they intended the country to become a hub for the whole Pacific region.
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Malashevskaya, M. N. "Cultural Dialogue Between Japan and Socialist Eurasia in 1960s–1970s: Visits of Novelists Yasushi Inoue and Ryotaro Shiba to the USSR and Mongolia." Modern History of Russia 11, no. 4 (2021): 1063–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2021.414.
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This article explores a narrow aspect of cultural dialogue between Japan and socialist Eurasia (the Central Asian and Siberian regions of the USSR and Mongolian People’s Republic) during Cold War in the 1960s and 1970s, using essays by Japanese writers Yasushi Inoue and Ryotaro Shiba, who visited Soviet Central Asia and the Far East and socialist Mongolia in 1965–1973; trips by Japanese writers; and the image of socialist Eurasia in Japanese public opinion. The sources for the analysis are The Tale of the Western Region by Yasushi Inoue (Seiiki Monogatari, 1968, trans. in English in 1971 as Journey beyond Samarkand and Mongolian Travel Notes by Ryotaro Shiba (Mongoru kiko:, 1974). Yasushi Inoue made two trips to Soviet Central Asia in 1965 and 1968, and Ryotaro Shiba went to Mongolian People’s Republic through the Soviet Far East (Khabarovsk and Irkutsk) in 1973. Researched texts serve as a platform for the author’s dialogue with a wide readership in Japan that helped shape the public image of the Soviet Union in non-central regions. The popularity of Inoue’s and Shiba’s image of socialist Eurasia is confirmed by the fact that Shiba’s travel notes were reprinted for several times by different publishers in Japan, although it was first published in the newspaper Asahi Shimbun in 1973–1974; a novel by Yasushi Inoue also was reprinted in several editions and served as inspiration for the modern writer Ryo Kuroki, who dedicated his novel Runway on the Great Silk Road about Japanese-Kyrgyz relations in the early 2000s.
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Barnes, Gina, and Keiji Inamura. "Prehistoric Japan: New Perspectives on Insular East Asia." Monumenta Nipponica 52, no. 3 (1997): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2385645.
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YASUHARA, YOKO. "Japan, Communist China, and Export Controls in Asia, 1948?52." Diplomatic History 10, no. 1 (January 1986): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7709.1986.tb00451.x.
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ZAKARIA, FAUZIAHANIM, and HAFANDI AHMAD. "A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON THE ASIAN PLANTS UTILISED IN STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS." Malaysian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 1 (May 24, 2021): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/mjps2021.19.1.6.
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Asian countries are reckoned for their vast plant-rich regions with a long history of traditional medicine that spans approximately 6,500 years. Asian people inherit knowledge from their ancestors about the use of the surrounding plants to treat many infirmities and diseases, including stress-related disorders such as anxiety and depression. As such, this review provides an ethnopharmacological and phytochemical overview of Asian plants with high antistress potential. This review serves as a baseline for the discovery of new and potent antidepressants. Articles from 2007 to 2020 were reviewed extensively using Google Scholar and Scopus search engines based on the following keywords: ‘antidepressant AND Asia AND plants’, ‘anxiolytic AND Asia AND plants’, as well as ‘antistress AND Asia AND plants’. In total, 71 Asian plants were documented. Most of the plants were reported from India (36%) and followed by China (31%). Other countries, including Japan, Bangladesh, Thailand, Pakistan, Korea, Taiwan and Algeria, have published several reports regarding local plants with antidepression potential. As a result, 15 pure compounds isolated from these plants displayed antidepressive potential.
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Oh, Younjung. "Oriental Taste in Imperial Japan: The Exhibition and Sale of Asian Art and Artifacts by Japanese Department Stores from the 1920s through the Early 1940s." Journal of Asian Studies 78, no. 1 (February 2019): 45–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911818002498.
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From the 1920s to the early 1940s, Japanese department stores provided Japanese urban middle-class households with art and artifacts from China, Korea, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. The department stores not merely sold art and artifacts from Japan's Asian neighbors but also promoted the cultural confidence to appreciate and collect them. At the same time, aspiring middle-class customers satisfied their desire to emulate the historical elite's taste for Chinese and other Asian objects by shopping at the department stores. The aesthetic consumption of Asian art and artifacts formulated a privileged position for Japan in the imperial order and presented the new middle class with the cultural capital vital to the negotiation of its social status. This article examines the ways in which department stores marketed “tōyō shumi” (Oriental taste), which played a significant role in the formation of identity for both the imperial state and the new middle class in 1920s and 1930s Japan.
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Kimura, Masami. "American Asia Experts, Liberal Internationalism, and the Occupation of Japan." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 21, no. 3 (September 11, 2014): 246–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02103002.
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This article reexamines the thought of American Asia experts during the 1940s and early 1950s who directly or indirectly influenced u.s. policy toward post-surrender Japan. Revisionist scholars in the late 1960s and 1970s categorized Asianists in a binary manner as “conservatives” and “progressives,” “Japan” and “China specialists,” and “Cold Warriors” and “critics,” but they all were in reality essentially modernization theorists and liberal internationalists of various kinds who agreed on the desirability of democratizing Japan and constructing a new order in the Asia-Pacific under American leadership. This new perspective exposes limitations in the revisionist narrative of the Allied Occupation of Japan informed by Marxian-populist criticisms of u.s. Cold War policy. Revisionists not only tended to stress differences over similarities in judging the ideas of Asia experts, but idealized “radical” reformers over more “moderate” ones. By arguing that the United States should have democratized Japan thoroughly, they held on to liberal internationalist ideology and unintentionally endorsed u.s. intervention in a foreign nation. This article shows how an objective assessment of the Occupation history requires transcending Cold War historiography and integrating a more global perspective.
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Tang, Edmond. "Theology and context in East Asia - China, Japan, Korea." Studies in World Christianity 1, no. 1 (April 1995): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.1995.1.1.68.
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Tang, Edmond. "Theology and context in East Asia - China, Japan, Korea." Studies in World Christianity 1, Part_1 (January 1995): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.1995.1.part_1.68.
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Streltsov, Dmitry. "National identity, collective memory and history wars in East Asia." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 1 (2022): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080015325-4.
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The article addresses the phenomenon of “history wars” between China and the Republic of Korea, on the one side, and Japan, on the other, which broke out after the cold war around the historical interpretation of Japan’s expansionist policy on the mainland, especially in the period of WWII. The aim of the article is to examine the origin, the ethical and the political underpinnings of “history wars”, specifically in the context of collective memories of WWII and the national identities in the three countries. The authors tried to trace the prehistory of the formation of national identities in East Asia in the twentieth century. While South Korea and China perceive the period of Japan’s imperialist expansion in the XX century through the dualistic prism of the relationship between the victim and the criminal, in Japan the policy on the mainland, although considered to be "erroneous", is not subject to unconditional condemnation on the grounds that at that time all the imperialist states acted the same way. Besides, the discourse of victimhood based on war sufferings of the Japanese people is in conflict with the wounded feelings of the East Asian nations. The article articulates the role of patriotic education and, specifically, the policy of creating museums and historical memorials in the three countries in conducting “history wars”. The authors insist that the interplay of domestic discourse and international memory politics has become a durable source of paramount tension in the international relations of the region.
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Harrison, Selig S. "Quiet Struggle in the East China Sea." Current History 101, no. 656 (September 1, 2002): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2002.101.656.271.
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Growing attention has been devoted in recent years to projected oil and gas pipelines that would link Russian gas fields in eastern Siberia and Sakhalin Island to China, Japan, and the two Koreas. By contrast, there is little awareness of the high economic and political stakes involved in the quiet struggle now unfolding in Northeast Asia over seabed petroleum resources, especially the conflict between China and Japan over the East China Sea.