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Journal articles on the topic 'HISTORY / Canada / General'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 January 2023

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1

Akram, Nadeem. "History of Islamophobia in Canada." Global Mass Communication Review VI, no. IV (December 30, 2021): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2021(vi-iv).03.

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Canada is generally considered the most liberal andleast racist country in the Western hemisphere at least according tothe popular discourse. The ground reality is slightly more complex.According to the Canadian Center for Policy Alternatives, moreMuslims have been killed in hate crimes in Canada in the last fiveyears than in any other G-7 country. The anti-terror legislation after9/11 further caused systematic islamophobia. This research paperstudies the historical evolution of Islamophobia and anti-Muslimdiscourse in Canada. The objective is to understand the literary andmedia sources of the growing anti-Muslim hate crimes

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2

Weir, Bryce. "A History of Neurosurgery in Canada." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 38, no. 2 (March 2011): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100011355.

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Canada existed for more than half a century before there were glimmerings of modern neurosurgical activity. Neurosurgery had advanced significantly in Europe and the United States prior to its being brought to Toronto and Montreal from American centers. The pioneers responsible for the rapid evolution in practice, teaching and research are described. The interplay of scientific, professional, demographic and economic forces with general historical trends has produced dramatic changes in the way that neurosurgery is now practiced.

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3

Williams, M. R. "History of Computers in Canada." IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 7, no. 1 (1985): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mahc.1985.10002.

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4

Mathien, Thomas. "The Natural History of Philosophy in Canada." Dialogue 25, no. 1 (1986): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300042864.

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Some writers about the history of philosophy in Canada have wondered why it should be studied. That is a worthy question, but it is not the one I want to discuss here. I am going to assume there are good reasons for doing so because I want to consider some general features of the subject of such studies and to determine what has to be done to establish certain descriptive claims about it. I will also point out some concerns I have about the proper explanation of certain interesting features of Canadian philosophic activity, and I will present a brief evaluation of one major study. I will do this with the aid of a contention that the study of the history of an intellectual discipline is a little like an evolutionary study of a biological species, but I will close by pointing out one reason for doing history which goes beyond description, and even explanation, of the past.

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MacKenzie, David. "Air Canada: The History by Peter Pigott." Ontario History 106, no. 2 (2014): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1050700ar.

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Coates, C. "General Sir Guy Carleton, Lord Dorchester: Soldier-Statesman of Early British Canada." English Historical Review 118, no. 475 (February 1, 2003): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/118.475.230.

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Mott, Robert J. "Sangamonian Forest History and Climate in Atlantic Canada." Articles 44, no. 3 (December 18, 2007): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032828ar.

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ABSTRACT Seven of the more than twenty five buried organic deposits in Atlantic Canada assigned to pre-Wisconsinan non-glacial intervals possibly relate to the climatic optimum of the Sangamon Interglaciation, that is substage 5e of the deep-sea oxygen isotope record. These sites are East Bay and Green Point on Cape Breton Island. Addington Forks and East Milford in mainland Nova Scotia. Le Bassin and Portage-du-Cap on the Iles de la Madeleine, Québec, and Woody Cove, Newfoundland. Except for Woody Cove, none of the sites records a complete climatic cycle, and the sequence of events must be pieced together from their disparate records. The spectra, characterized by significant amounts of thermophilous taxa that are not as abundant or present in the region today, are similar in general to Holocene spectra at sites immediately south of the lower Great Lakes. Comparison of the fossil spectra from five sites with modern surface spectra from eastern North America yields modern analogs which, if valid, indicate that the climate in Atlantic Canada during the climatic optimum of the last interglacial interval was more continental in character and considerably warmer than present.

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8

Wright, Peter M. "Building Canada: a history of public works." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 5 (October 1, 1990): 871–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-099.

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Spiwak, Rae, Brenda Elias, James M. Bolton, Patricia J. Martens, and Jitender Sareen. "Suicide Policy in Canada: Lessons From History." Canadian Journal of Public Health 103, no. 5 (September 2012): e338-e341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03404437.

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10

Fulton, Rachel. "Canada Science and Technology Museum, Ottawa, Canada." Medical History 57, no. 1 (January 2013): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2012.87.

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Dukes, M. N. Graham. "Tainted blood in Canada: An extraordinary history." International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine 21, no. 1-2 (2009): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jrs-2009-0452.

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12

Bhatt, Gira, Randal G. Tonks, and John W. Berry. "Culture in the history of psychology in Canada." Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne 54, no. 2 (May 2013): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032645.

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13

Savage, Jade, Art Borkent, Fenja Brodo, Jeffrey M. Cumming, Gregory Curler, Douglas C. Currie, Jeremy R. deWaard, et al. "Diptera of Canada." ZooKeys 819 (January 24, 2019): 397–450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.819.27625.

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The Canadian Diptera fauna is updated. Numbers of species currently known from Canada, total Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), and estimated numbers of undescribed or unrecorded species are provided for each family. An overview of recent changes in the systematics and Canadian faunistics of major groups is provided as well as some general information on biology and life history. A total of 116 families and 9620 described species of Canadian Diptera are reported, representing more than a 36% increase in species numbers since the last comparable assessment by JF McAlpine et al. (1979). Almost 30,000 BINs have so far been obtained from flies in Canada. Estimates of additional number of species remaining to be documented in the country range from 5200 to 20,400.

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Boschma, Geertje. "Community Mental Health Nursing in Alberta, Canada: An Oral History." Nursing History Review 20, no. 1 (2012): 103–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1062-8061.20.103.

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Community mental health nurses had a central role in the construction of new rehabilitative practices and community mental health services in the 1960s and 1970s. The purpose of this article is, first, to explore how nurses understood and created their new role and identity in the turbulent context of deinstitutionalization. The development of after care services for patients discharged from Alberta Hospital in Ponoka (AH-Ponoka), a large mental institution in Calgary, in the Canadian province of Alberta, will be used as a case study. I specifically focus on the establishment of outpatient services in a new psychiatric department at Foothills General Hospital in Calgary. Second, I examine how deinstitutionalization itself shaped community mental health nurses’ work. Oral history interviews with nurses and other mental health professionals, who had a central role in this transformation process, provide a unique lens through which to explore this social change. The article concludes that new rehabilitative, community-based mental health services can better be understood as a transformation of former institutional practices rather than as a definite break with them.

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Bami, Herman, and Jason L. Elzinga. "Chikungunya virus in Canada." University of Western Ontario Medical Journal 86, no. 2 (December 3, 2017): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/uwomj.v86i2.2084.

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This article presents a previously reported case involving the first Canadian patient to acquire Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection after travelling to a newly endemic region in the Americas. The specific history and clinical presentation of this patient is examined, including the treatment and complete resolution of the patient’s symptoms. A brief overview of the general disease course and diagnosis of CHIKV is provided. This case emphasizes the importance of global health education in Canadian medical curricula. The current standards of global health education in Canadian medical schools are briefly reviewed and recommendations based on expert opinions are provided. Although such programs exist, their implementation was found to be variable between schools and increased attention and standardization is currently required.

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Bartlett, S. J., O. Schieir, M. F. Valois, G. Boire, G. Hazlewood, C. Thorne, D. Tin, et al. "OP0308-HPR MORE THAN HALF OF RA PATIENTS WITH A LIFETIME HISTORY OF MOOD DISORDERS WERE ANXIOUS AND DEPRESSED DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: RESULTS FROM THE CANADIAN EARLY COHORT (CATCH) STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 204.2–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2411.

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BackgroundA growing number of studies indicate the considerable mental health impacts of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic in the general population as chronic stress is a risk factor for the development of depression and anxiety. Mood disorders are more prevalent in RA and a history of anxiety or depressive disorders increases the risk of recurrence in the future.ObjectivesTo compare trends in prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic in RA patients with and without a lifetime history of mood disorders.MethodsData were from RA patients diagnosed and treated for RA in rheumatology clinics across Canada enrolled in the Canadian Early Arthritis Cohort (CATCH) Study. We estimated monthly trends in prevalence of clinically significant levels of anxiety and depression (PROMIS Depression and Anxiety 4a score 55+) from all visits between Mar 2019 and Jan 2022 and compared monthly trends in anxiety and depression in the year prior to (Mar 2019- Feb 2020) and during the pandemic (Mar 2020 to Jan 2022) stratified by lifetime history of mood disorders.Results4,148 visits were completed from Mar 2019 to Jan 2022 in 1,644 RA patients with a mean (SD) age of 60 (14) and disease duration of 6 (4) years. 73% were women, 84% white, 60% had completed some post-secondary education, and 77% were in CDAI REM/LDA at the visit closest to the start of pandemic. 253 (15%) reported a lifetime history of depression and 217 (13%) a lifetime history of anxiety; 8% reported prior treatment for either.Patients with a history of mood disorders had higher levels of depression and anxiety prior-to and during the pandemic compared with patients without a history of mood disorders (Table 1). Proportions were highest during COVID waves in all and were substantially higher and more variable in people with a previous history of mood disorders as compared to those without a history (Figure 1). While depressive symptoms peaked early in the pandemic, anxiety increased with each wave, peaking in Wave 3 (May-Jun 2021).Table 1.Prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic in RA patients with and without a history of mood disorders.Period Prevalence (monthly range)DepressionAnxietyNo historyPrior HistoryNo HistoryPrior HistoryN observations35276213610538Prepandemic (3/19 - 2/20)21%(14%-30%)51%(29%-64%)27%(20%-35%)58%(31%-89%)Pandemic (3/20 - 1/22)22%(15%-29%)53%(33%-78%)28%(20%-43%)59%(33%-80%)Figure 1.During the first 22 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of patients with depression and anxiety increased in all groups. More than half of those with a history of emotional distress had clinically significant levels of depression and anxiety; proportions were highest during COVID waves in all and were substantially higher in people with previous history as compared to those without a history (see Figure 1). Whereas depressive symptoms peaked early in the pandemic, anxiety increased with each wave, peaking in Wave 3 (May-Jun 2021).ConclusionSymptoms of anxiety and depression were common in Canadian adults with RA prior to and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Whereas others have found that high levels of depression and anxiety occurred early in the pandemic but declined fairly rapidly in the general population1, emotional distress was not attenuated over time in this large cohort of RA patients. Individuals reporting lifetime history of mood disorders were more than twice as likely to report anxiety and depression, with depression peaking early in the pandemic and anxiety growing with each successive wave in the first year. The results demonstrate the importance of applying a lifetime perspective as previous episodes of anxiety and depression may be an important marker of increased vulnerability and recurrence in RA patients, particularly during the pandemic.References[1]Fancourt D et al. Trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms during enforced isolation due to COVID-19 in England. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8:141-9.AcknowledgementsCATCH is supported through unrestricted research grants from: Amgen and Pfizer Canada since 2007; AbbVie Corporation since 2011; Medexus since 2013; Sandoz Canada since 2019; Fresenius Kabi Canada since 2021 and; Organon Canada since 2021. Previous funding from Janssen Canada (2011-16); UCB Canada and Bristol-Myers Squibb Canada (2011-18); Hoffman La Roche Limited (2011-21); Sanofi Genzyme (2016-17); Eli Lilly Canada (2016-20); Merck Canada (2017-21) and; Gilead Sciences Canada (2020-21)Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

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17

Nelson, Sioban. "Forging the future: A history of nursing in Canada." Nursing Inquiry 13, no. 4 (December 2006): 302–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1800.2006.00340.x.

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Cummins, Bryan, and Keith J. Crowe. "A History of the Original Peoples of Northern Canada." American Indian Quarterly 17, no. 3 (1993): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1184912.

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Boyd, Shelley, Nathalie Cooke, and Alexia Moyer. "A Literary History of the Mandarin Orange in Canada." Gastronomica 20, no. 1 (2020): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2020.20.1.83.

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20

Last, William M., and Timothy H. Schweyen. "Late Holocene History of Waldsea Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada." Quaternary Research 24, no. 2 (July 1985): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90008-0.

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The post-Hypsithermal history of Waldsea Lake, a saline meromictic lake located in south-central Saskatchewan, has been deduced from a study of the changes in physical, mineralogical, and paleobiological parameters in sediment cores from the basin. Six lithostratigraphic units and three palynological zones are identified in the most recent sediment. These units and zones indicate that a shallow hypersaline lake with extensive mudflats existed about 4000 yr B.P. In response to the subsequent trend toward a cooler and wetter climate, deeper water conditions ensued, and by about 3000 yr ago a relatively deep stratified lake occupied the Waldsea Basin. A short climatic reversal about 2500 yr B.P. again caused low-water and mudflat conditions, but by 2000 yr ago the lake had regained its higher levels. The past 2000 yr of Waldsea's history have been relatively uneventful, except for a minor lowering of the lake about 700 yr B.P.

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Bothwell, Robert, and A. G. W. Cameron. "Nucleus: The History of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited." Physics Today 42, no. 5 (May 1989): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2811023.

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22

Tidwell, Thomas T. "Physical organic chemistry in Canada 19002005." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 1197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-178.

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Some of the history of the development of physical organic chemistry in Canada from the 1920s is presented, including many of the individuals involved, and their major areas of interest.Key words: history of physical organic chemistry in Canada, organic reaction mechanisms, free radicals, kinetics.

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23

Sawynok, Jana, and Kanji Nakatsu. "History of the Pharmacological Society of Canada 1956–2008." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 98, no. 6 (June 2020): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2019-0380.

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The Pharmacological Society of Canada (PSC) formed in 1956 and became a constituent society of the Canadian Federation of Biological Sciences (CFBS) in 1958. Over subsequent decades, it met annually with CFBS, matured as a society, and established an identity as the voice of pharmacology in Canada. During the 1980s, it sought a larger stage and bid for, and then hosted, the XIIth International Congress of Pharmacology in Montreal in 1994. The society then participated in several joint meetings with other national pharmacology societies. In 2008, the PSC merged with the Canadian Society for Clinical Pharmacology to form the Canadian Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. The following article is a history of the PSC from its formation in the mid-1950s to amalgamation in 2008.

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Marks, Lynne. "Railing, Tattling, and General Rumour: Gossip, Gender, and Church Regulation in Upper Canada." Canadian Historical Review 81, no. 3 (September 2000): 380–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/chr.81.3.380.

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Kihika, Maureen. "Ghosts and Shadows: A History of Racism in Canada." Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology 2, no. 1 (February 7, 2013): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cgjsc.v2i1.3775.

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A history of racism reinforces discrimination and exploitation of racialized immigrants in general and African-Canadians in particular. My paper contends that historically institutionalized structures are the ideological fulcrum from which ongoing socio-economic inequalities derive and retain their legitimacy. Specifically, I argue that the historically institutionalized system of slavery and ensuing systemic structures of racial discrimination negatively influence the incorporation of racialized immigrants into the Canadian labour market. A historically racially segmented labour market continues to uphold colour coded social and economic hierarchies. Although Canada’s point system ensures that immigrants are primarily selected on the basis of their skills and qualifications, many professionally trained and experienced racialized immigrants endure perpetual socio-economic constraints, characterized primarily by low-end, precarious forms of employment. While not intended to serve as an exhaustive chronology, this essay draws on three historical periods of Black migration and experience in Canada: the first spans early sixteenth to the end of the eighteenth-century, the second dates from the nineteenth to mid-twentieth century, and the third extends from mid-twentieth century to the present. The following historical timeline traces the prevalence and enduring nature of systemic structures and substantiates Abigail Bakan’s (2008) suggestion that both “racism and a culture of hegemonic whiteness were and remain endemic to the Canadian state” (p. 6).Une histoire du racisme appuie le constat de la discrimination et de l’exploitation d’immigrants appartenant à des groupes raciaux en général et de Canadiens africains en particulier. Mon essai soutient que les structures historiquement institutionnalisées constituent le point de départ des inégalités socioéconomiques actuelles et prolongent leur légitimité. Plus précisément, je prétends que le système d’esclavage historiquement institutionnalisé et les structures systémiques de discrimination raciale qui en ont découlé ont nui à l’intégration sur le marché du travail canadien des immigrants appartenant à des groupes raciaux. Un marché du travail depuis toujours segmenté racialement renforce encore la hiérarchie économique et sociale fondée sur la couleur. Même si le système de points d’appréciation canadien fait en sorte que les immigrants sont choisis essentiellement sur la base de leur formation et de leurs compétences, de nombreux immigrants membres de groupes raciaux disposant d’une formation et d’une expérience professionnelles subissent de perpétuelles restrictions socioéconomiques, comme des emplois bas de gamme ou précaires. Cet essai ne prétend pas être une chronologie exhaustive, mais il décrit trois périodes historiques de la migration des Noirs et de leur expérience au Canada : la première époque s’étend du début du XVIe siècle à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, la deuxième du XIXe siècle au milieu du XXe siècle et la troisième, du milieu du XXe siècle à maintenant. Cette chronologie témoigne de la prévalence et de la persistance des structures systémiques et appuie la suggestion d’Abigail Bakan (2008) selon laquelle « le racisme et une culture dominante blanche ont été et demeurent endémiques dans l’État canadien » (p. 6) [traduction libre].

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Geiger, Andrea. "Disentangling Law and History." Southern California Quarterly 100, no. 3 (2018): 263–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2018.100.3.263.

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This article juxtaposes the history of Japanese immigrants in Canada—which parallels that of Japanese immigrants to the United States in significant ways—with that of Canada’s Indigenous people, who were also marginalized, to explore larger issues related to the way in which history is deployed in court actions. Although it uses a Canadian case—the 2008 decision of Canada’s Supreme Court in R. v. Kapp (which upheld an exclusive 24-hour communal sales fishery established on behalf of three First Nations)—to frame this discussion, the questions raised are relevant on both sides of the U.S.-Canada border. The article speaks, for example, to ways in which efforts to meet the elements of a given legal test can lead to the distortion of historical evidence, also a danger for U.S. courts. In reviewing the historical arguments made by the Japanese Canadian Fishermen’s Association in R. v. Kapp, which invoked two earlier cases from the 1920s in which Japanese immigrants challenged their exclusion from Canadian fisheries on race-based grounds, the article also provides a summary of that history of exclusion. It highlights the importance of reading immigration and Indigenous histories together in order to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the complex ways in which racialized groups have negotiated racial divides. These negotiations produced a far more intricate set of alignments and divisions among and within various racialized groups than is often recognized.

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Field, Russell. "The Public Sportscaster: Docudrama, National Memory, and Sport History." Journal of Sport History 41, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.41.2.241.

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Abstract Due in large measure to its iconic Hockey Night in Canada telecasts, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) is known nationally for its interest in sport. The network has also sponsored its own sport-themed dramatic and documentary productions. Examining filmic representations of the history of hockey, this paper considers the 2006 CBC docudramatic production Canada Russia ’72. This paper explores the use of the docudrama form for telling historical sport stories while examining the role of Canada’s public broadcaster in producing sport films and promulgating national mythologiess.

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Edmonston, Barry, Sharon M. Lee, and Zheng Wu. "Fertility Intentions in Canada: Change or No Change?" Canadian Studies in Population 37, no. 3-4 (December 31, 2010): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6b037.

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This paper describes trends in fertility intentions in Canada based on an analysis of data from four national household surveys -- General Social Surveys in 1990, 1995, 2001, and 2006. The study finds that the fertility intentions of Canadian women have been relatively stable for the past 16 years, moving within a narrow range of 2.11 to 2.29 children. Modest decreases due to changes in population composition – and not changes in the relationship between various explanatory variables and intended fertility – have largely been responsible for the modest overall decrease of 0.08 children in intended fertility between 1990 and 2006.

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Carlson, Maria. "Folklore in the United States and Canada: An Institutional History." FOLKLORICA - Journal of the Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Folklore Association 25, no. 1 (July 22, 2022): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/folklorica.v25i1.18338.

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Mills, Eric L. "Four Essays On the History Of Science In Atlantic Canada." Scientia Canadensis: Canadian Journal of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine 42, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1071261ar.

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Nestor, Rob, and Roger L. Nichols. "Indians in the United States and Canada: A Comparative History." American Indian Quarterly 23, no. 2 (1999): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1185969.

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Beaulieu, Eugene, and J. C. Herbert Emery. "PORK PACKERS, RECIPROCITY, AND LAURIER'S DEFEAT IN THE 1911 CANADIAN GENERAL ELECTION." Journal of Economic History 61, no. 4 (December 2001): 1083–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050701042097.

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The 1911 Canada–United States Reciprocity Agreement had a central role in the campaigns of the Liberal and Conservative parties in the 1911 Canadian General Election. Consequently, Laurier's defeat in 1911 has been interpreted as Canada's rejection of reciprocity and her commitment to tariff protection. This analysis shows that reciprocity bolstered support for Laurier in 1911. In the absence of opposition from pork packers, particularly in Quebec, Laurier would have retained his majority mandate. Thus, Canada was not committing to a path of protectionism after 1911.

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Nagy, Anita, Levente Tóth, János Theisz, Nándor Bajkó, Zsófia Zolnai, Mária Varga, and Iván Igaz. "Cronkhite–Canada-szindróma." Orvosi Hetilap 162, no. 11 (March 14, 2021): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2021.32055.

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Összefoglaló. A Cronkhite–Canada-szindróma egy extrém ritka, nem öröklődő, gyomor-bél rendszeri polyposissal, fehérjevesztő enteropathiával és ectodermalis elváltozásokkal járó megbetegedés. A világon eddig összesen körülbelül 500 esetet jegyeztek fel. Az etiológia pontosan nem tisztázott, hátterében elsősorban autoimmun folyamatot feltételeznek. A diagnózis a páciens kórtörténetén, a fizikális vizsgálaton, az endoszkópos képen és a szövettani leleten alapul. A jelen közleményben egy 71 éves férfi beteg esetét mutatjuk be. A klinikai kép és az elvégzett vizsgálatok alapján a tünetek hátterében Cronkhite–Canada-szindrómát igazoltunk, majd a szakirodalomban leggyakrabban alkalmazott kombinált protonpumpagátló, kortikoszteroid és meszalazin adását vezettük be, illetve táplálásterápiát alkalmaztunk. Tudomásunk szerint Cronkhite–Canada-szindrómás beteg esete Magyarországon elsőként kerül ismertetésre. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(11): 432–438. Summary. Cronkhite–Canada syndrome is an extremely rare, noninherited disease, characterized by gastrointestinal polyposis, protein-losing enteropathy and ectodermal abnormalities. Approximately 500 cases have been reported worldwide. The aetiology is unknown, most probably autoimmune mechanisms may be involved. The diagnosis is based on patient history, physical examination, endoscopic findings and histology. Here we report the case of a 71-year-old male, diagnosed with Cronkhite–Canada syndrome. The treatment consisted of proton-pump inhibitor, corticosteroids, mesalazin and nutritional therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Cronkhite–Canada syndrome in Hungary. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(11): 432–438.

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Moore, Marcus A., and Andrew Beckett. "A brief history of Canadian freeze-dried blood products: Ingenuity, collaboration, and leadership." Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health 8, s2 (September 1, 2022): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2022-0117.

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LAY SUMMARY During the Second World War, Canada became a leader in the development and production of products used to treat shock, particularly shock caused by massive bleeds. Canada started the first blood service in response to the need for blood products overseas. This was done in the form of freeze-dried serum, which is made up of fluid-based proteins extracted from blood. Freeze-dried serum could be stored indefinitely and was lightweight, hardy, and easy to deliver both to the battlefield and to the patient. Freeze-dried serum could be provided to patients in shock as a result of losing a large volume of blood. Unfortunately, after the war, freeze-dried blood products fell out of favour over concerns about viral hepatitis. Recently, freeze-dried blood products have enjoyed a renaissance, and Canada is currently developing a new product to meet the challenges of remote resuscitation.

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GALBAUD DU FORT, G., R. C. BLAND, S. C. NEWMAN, and L. J. BOOTHROYD. "Spouse similarity for lifetime psychiatric history in the general population." Psychological Medicine 28, no. 4 (July 1998): 789–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291798006795.

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Background. Most studies of spouse similarity for psychiatric disorders have focused on clinical samples and are thus limited by selection bias. This study is, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive investigation of spouse similarity for lifetime psychiatric history in a general population sample using standardized diagnostic criteria.Methods. We studied 519 pairs of spouses residing in Edmonton, Canada who completed the Diagnostic Interview Schedule psychiatric interview. In each pair, one spouse belonged to a random subsample of persons who had participated in a large population survey and was re-interviewed. Association between spouses for lifetime DSM-III psychiatric disorders was analysed with bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results. We observed significant spousal association for lifetime presence of affective disorders and for the spectrum of antisocial personality and addiction disorders. Antisocial personality in one spouse was also associated with anxiety disorders in the other spouse, namely post-traumatic stress disorder in wives and phobia in husbands; similarly, drug abuse/dependence in wives was associated with generalized anxiety in husbands and male drug abuse/dependence was associated with female post-traumatic stress disorder. Dysthymia in wives was associated with generalized anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder in husbands.Conclusions. The existence of associations between spouses for the presence of psychiatric disorders, either similar or different, has significant implications for both clinicians and researchers. Future research should aim at exploring the aetiological mechanisms of these associations.

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Elyas, R. "31. The birth of a new specialty: The history of emergency medicine in Canada." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 30, no. 4 (August 1, 2007): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v30i4.2791.

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Modern day emergency rooms across Canada have almost completely transformed over the past 30 years; perhaps more so than any other specialty. Before the 1970’s, it was primarily general practitioners working on a part-time basis who ran our emergency departments. Some hospitals used interns and residents as first-line emergency care providers, often under the direction of a surgeon or internist. Emergency Medicine has evolved into a highly sophisticated and respected medical specialty that extends beyond clinical medicine, into both research and academia. The appeal of Emergency Medicine is so great that it is now one of the most sought after specialties in the annual CaRMS match. The success story of Emergency Medicine is characterized by the tireless efforts and determination of its founders across the country. They fought for adequate and supervised care of the acutely ill or traumatized patient, believing in a special body of knowledge that should be available to physicians who spend most, if not all, their time in Emergency Departments. In 1977, these founders formally united and The Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians was born. A few years later, in 1980, Emergency Medicine was finally designated as a free-standing specialty by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Meanwhile, the College of Family Physicians of Canada also sought to establish a parallel route for Emergency Training of Family Physicians, feeling that Emergency Medicine lay within the realm of Family Medicine. The result was that both colleges established Emergency Medicine training programs that exist until this day. Using journals, archives, a survey, and interviews, the paper will trace the history of the professionalization of Emergency Medicine in Canada. Johnson R. The Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians. The Journal of Emergency Medicine 1993; 11:362-364. Reudy J, Seaton T, Walker D, Rowat B, Cassie J. Report of the Task Force on Emergency Medicine: RCPSC Accreditation Section, 1988. Walker DMC. History and Development of the Royal College Specialty of Emergency Medicine. Annals Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada 1987; 20:349-352.

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Anderson, Neil L., and Dale A. Cederwall. "Westhazel General Petroleums Pool: Case history of a salt‐dissolution trap in west‐central Saskatchewan, Canada." GEOPHYSICS 58, no. 6 (June 1993): 889–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443473.

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The Westhazel General Petroleums (GP) Pool of west‐central Saskatchewan, Canada, produces from the GP member of the Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group. This reservoir is structurally closed across the updip, eastern dissolutional edge of the underlying Middle Devonian rock salt of the Leofnard Member, Prairie Formation. The leaching of these salts occurred in post‐Mannville time in the Westhazel area and caused the regional southwest dip of the General Petroleums member to be locally reversed. The Westhazel GP Pool, from a geophysical perspective, is characteristic of many of the shallow Lower Cretaceous pools situated along the dissolutional edge of the Prairie salt. The thin, 10 m reservoir facies at Westhazel does not exhibit a diagnostic signature on either seismic or gravity data. Rather, it is the updip edge of the salt across which the reservoir is closed that can be mapped using geophysical techniques. On seismic data, the dissolutional edge of the Prairie salt is characterized by: (1) a subtle decrease in the amplitude and lateral coherency of the underlying Winnipegosis event; (2) a gradual thinning of key encompassing Paleozoic intervals; (3) dip reversal along the Beaverhill Lake (Late Devonian) event; (4) dip reversal along the Mannville (Lower Cretaceous) event; and (5) time‐structural “push down” of Lower Cretaceous and underlying reflections in areas of recent salt dissolution. On the gravity profile, the edge of the salt is manifested as a 1.5 mGal anomaly. The interpretation of both geophysical data sets is consistent with available geologic control.

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Verhoef, Marja J., and Lloyd R. Sutherland. "General practitioners' assessment of and interest in alternative medicine in Canada." Social Science & Medicine 41, no. 4 (August 1995): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(94)00351-s.

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Johnston, Lynn M., Xianli Wang, Sandy Erni, Stephen W. Taylor, Colin B. McFayden, Jacqueline A. Oliver, Chris Stockdale, et al. "Wildland fire risk research in Canada." Environmental Reviews 28, no. 2 (June 2020): 164–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2019-0046.

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Despite increasing concern about wildland fire risk in Canada, there is little synthesis of knowledge that could contribute to the development of a comprehensive risk framework for a wide range of values, which is an essential need for the country. With dramatic variability in costs and losses from this natural hazard, there must be more support for complex decision-making under the uncertainty of how to assess and manage risk to coexist with wildland fire. A long history of Canadian wildland fire research offers solid foundational knowledge related to risk, but the key knowledge gaps must be addressed to fully consider risk in a comprehensive manner. We provide a review of the current context in which risk is variably defined, and recommend use of the general paradigm where risk is the product of both the likelihood and the potential impacts of wildland fire. We then synthesize research related to wildland fire risk from the Canadian scientific literature. With this review, we aim to provide a better understanding of research challenges, limitations, and opportunities for future work on fire risk within the country.

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Paraschak, Victoria, and Robert Kossuth. "Alan Metcalfe “at Work” Constructing Sport History." Journal of Sport History 48, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 269–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/21558450.48.3.04.

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Abstract Alan Metcalfe, of the University of Windsor, was a leading figure in establishing sport history in Canada, while playing a founding role in NASSH. He served as the first editor of the Journal of Sport History, long-time editor of CJHSPE (1970–96), and NASSH president from 1983 to 1985. While maintaining research about mining communities in North East England, he is best known for his research on Canada. Through an examination of Metcalfe's professional career and a comprehensive interview, we document his contributions to sport history. Metcalfe's scholarship shaped the field within possibilities available to him. He brought a comprehensive approach to fostering sport history as part of his life-long commitment to the discipline of physical education. Fostering an intellectual life throughout his academic career, Metcalfe challenged colleagues and students alike to reflect on the questions they asked, theoretical ideas underpinning their work, and best ways that organizations, especially NASSH, could effectively advance the field.

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Connor, J. T. H. "Medical History Memorialized: The Origins and First Decade of the Canadian Bulletin of Medical History / Bulletin canadien d’histoire de la médecine (1979–94)." Canadian Journal of Health History 39, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjhh.562-012022.

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In 1979, the Canadian Society for the History of Medicine, founded in Quebec City, Canada, in 1950, inaugurated its first official organizational organ, Newsletter/Nouvelles, which ran for 10 issues in five annual volumes. In 1984, this modest means of institutional communication expanded to become the Canadian Bulletin of the History of Medicine / Bulletin canadien d’histoire de la médecine, a peer-reviewed journal that continues to the present. Central to the founding and operation of both publications was Kenneth B. Roberts of the Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland. This discussion outlines the foundation, evolution, and activities of both these periodicals from 1979 to 1994. Their relationship to the growth of both the Canadian Society for the History of Medicine and the field of medical history in Canada are also delineated.

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Rodeghero, Carla Simone. "História oral e ética: um olhar comparativo entre Brasil, Canadá e Itália." História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos 29, no. 2 (June 2022): 481–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702022000200010.

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Resumo O artigo apresenta um diálogo entre as experiências brasileiras, canadenses e italianas quanto aos desafios colocados por avaliações éticas “externas” (feitas por comitês de ética e órgãos correlatos) e “internas” (resultante dos debates dos/as próprios/as pesquisadores/as) à história oral. Pretende demonstrar as diferentes maneiras de lidar com as imposições estranhas à área, revelar as estratégias de ação colocadas em prática e destacar questões centrais para o trabalho responsável com história oral. O espírito que anima a escrita é o de repensar as próprias experiências e de aprender com as alheias.

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Trim, Henry. "Brief Periods of Sunshine: A History of the Canadian Government’s Attempt to Build a Solar Heating Industry, 1974-1983." Scientia Canadensis 34, no. 2 (February 22, 2013): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1014346ar.

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In the 1970s a worldwide energy crisis wracked Canada. Searching for ways to provide energy for Canada’s future, the Canadian government encouraged the development of a new technology: solar heating. The political and economic needs of the Trudeau government and Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources dominated the Canadian solar heating industry from its inception in 1978 until its demise in 1983. Partisan politics, however, were not the only important influence on solar energy in Canada. Technologies of simulation and prediction, as well as the Canadian government’s adherence to the ideology of objectivity, also shaped the history of solar heating in Canada. By analyzing the role of simulation, “objectivity,” and political power in the rise and fall of the solar industry, this essay hopes to illuminate the importance of government in the Canadian history of technology and begin to provide a history of Canadian solar technology and industry.

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Robertson, James Tyler. "The United Church of Canada: A History By Don Schweitzer (editor)." Ontario History 104, no. 2 (2012): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1065447ar.

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Pettit, Jennifer. "Residential Schools and Reconciliation: Canada Confronts Its History by J.R. Miller." Ontario History 110, no. 2 (2018): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1053522ar.

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Connor, J. "Making Medicare: New Perspectives on the History of Medicare in Canada." Canadian Medical Association Journal 186, no. 1 (July 15, 2013): E66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.130049.

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Baker, Ron, and Morina D. Rennie. "The creation and acceptance of public sector accounting standards in Canada." Accounting History 23, no. 3 (January 4, 2018): 407–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1032373217748949.

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This study explores the events leading up to the origination of public sector accounting standards in Canada by the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants (CICA) and their adoption by the Government of Canada. We interpret these events from the perspective of institutional theory. We find that a long-standing institutionalized practice of self-developed government accounting policies was disrupted by a series of challenges. An influential actor in this process was the Office of the Auditor General of Canada which first pushed for the creation of independent government accounting standards and then pushed the government toward the implementation of the accounting policies developed by the CICA’s public sector accounting standard-setting body. Two CICA studies served to further disrupt the status quo. We also find evidence of the role played by an inter-organization professional network in defining and labeling problems that ultimately resulted in the change.

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Page, Larry K. "History of pediatric neurosurgery in the United States and Canada." Child's Nervous System 7, no. 1 (February 1991): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00263835.

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Blocker, Jack S. "Grappling with the GAPE: A Canadian Perspective." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 1, no. 4 (October 2002): 296–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781400000311.

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For a variety of reasons, the study and teaching of both United States history in general and the history of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era in particular should be thriving in Canada more than in other nations. Geographic proximity and shared language would advance this probability, even if the pervasive presence of American mass media did not. For students in Canadian colleges and universities, a combination of exposure to American doings through television and little prior academic opportunity to explore the history of the United States often whets an appetite for study at the post-secondary level. Interest in the GAPE arises — if for no other reason — from the fact that during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, both Canadians and Americans witnessed the emergence of corporate capitalism as a, perhaps the, principal shaper of their societies. At the last count in December 2001, Canada contained the largest concentration of H-SHGAPE subscribers outside the United States (25).

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Sandlos, John. "Nature’s nations: the shared conservation history of Canada and the USA." International Journal of Environmental Studies 70, no. 3 (June 2013): 358–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2013.800356.

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