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Journal articles on the topic 'History europe england general'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Tvedt, Terje. "Why England and not China and India? Water systems and the history of the Industrial Revolution." Journal of Global History 5, no. 1 (2010): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022809990325.

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AbstractGlobal history has centred for a long time on the comparative economic successes and failures of different parts of the world, most often European versus Asian regions. There is general agreement that the balance changed definitively in the latter part of the eighteenth century, when in continental Europe and England a transformation began that revolutionized the power relations of the world and brought an end to the dominance of agrarian civilization. However, there is still widespread debate over why Europe and England industrialized first, rather than Asia. This article will propose

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2

McWebb, Christine. "University of Alberta." Florilegium 20, no. 1 (2003): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.20.015.

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Apart from numerous survey courses such as the Histories of Medicine, of Technology, of Art, and the Literature of the European Tradition—all of which span several centuries including the Middle Ages, and are offered by various departments of the Faculty of Arts, there is a fairly strong contingent of special topics courses in medieval studies at the University of Alberta. For example, Martin Tweedale of the Department of Philosophy offers an undergraduate course on early medieval philosophy. There are currently three medievalists in the Department of History and Classics. Andrew Gow regularly

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Talekar, P. R. "Review of History of Sabaltarn and Oppressed." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 5, no. 18 (2024): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11653678.

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Out of the modern thoughts of History writers, it is the search of Sabaltarn or oppressed general people as a new stream.  It is the thought of Sabaltarn History which creates a new chapter in the history writing as a new theme of thoughts.  From that what is exactly meant by History? The answer of this question could not have been given uptillnow.  Its answer has been started to be given in the last two decades of twentieth century.  The view of Sabaltarn History came to rise in the nation of England in Europe

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Talekar, P. R. "Review of History of Sabaltarn and Oppressed." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 5, no. 18 (2024): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11653832.

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Out of the modern thoughts of History writers, it is the search of Sabaltarn or oppressed general people as a new stream.  It is the thought of Sabaltarn History which creates a new chapter in the history writing as a new theme of thoughts.  From that what is exactly meant by History? The answer of this question could not have been given uptillnow.  Its answer has been started to be given in the last two decades of twentieth century.  The view of Sabaltarn History came to rise in the nation of England in Europe.

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Guoyi, Qin. "COLLECTING CHINA ART OBJECTS IN ENGLAND IN THE 19TH CENTURY." Articult, no. 3 (2022): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2227-6165-2022-3-18-24.

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In the article, in the form of a brief overview, the Chinese influence on European art, in particular on English art, in the 19th century is described. The history of the emergence of Chinese art in Britain is summarized, the main stages of collecting and their prominent representatives are described. The article describes such areas of art as porcelain, engravings, painting, architecture, shows a description of their influence on European art, gives the reasons for the appearance of Chinese art in Europe. This article corrects the current picture of the development of collecting, based mainly

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Kyrchanoff, Maxim. "English Nationalism and the Study of the History of Anglo-Saxon England." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 2(66) (October 15, 2024): 194–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2024-66-2-194-209.

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The author in the presented article analyses the features and directions of development of English academic historiography, focused on the history of England before 1066, as a form of political memory. It is assumed that UK political elites do not pursue memorial politics in its classical forms. Therefore, the author notes that the role of a similar historical policy in Europe and in England is played by academic historiography.The purpose of the study is to analyse the role, place and significance of research focused on the history of Anglo-Saxon England in the context of the development of m

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Mayhew, Nick, and Katherine Ball. "Debasement and demography in England and France in the Later Middle Ages." Continuity and Change 37, no. 2 (2022): 233–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416022000194.

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AbstractEngland recovered slowly after the Black Death, but countries which debased more saw rising prices and earlier population growth and economic recovery. We examine debasement in England, France, Flanders, and Scotland, emphasising the importance of nominal prices and governments’ role in determining and enforcing monetary policy. Money, as well as demography, strongly influenced the behaviour of prices in later medieval Europe, and price changes had profound economic effects. Population levels depend on mortality and fertility. It is not clear that mortality in England was more severe t

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BRIGGS, CHRIS. "Introduction: law courts, contracts and rural society in Europe, 1200–1600." Continuity and Change 29, no. 1 (2014): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026841601400006x.

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AbstractPrivate contracts of many different kinds were at the heart of the rural economy in medieval and early modern Europe. This article considers some of the key issues involved in the study of those contracts, and of the institutions that facilitated their registration and enforcement. Drawing on examples from medieval England as well as the articles in this special issue of the journal, it is argued that complex and effective ‘public-order’ structures for contract registration and enforcement – principally various kinds of law court – were ubiquitous in European villages and small towns i

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D'Aronco, Maria Amalia. "The botanical lexicon of the Old EnglishHerbarium." Anglo-Saxon England 17 (December 1988): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675100003999.

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Recent research has established beyond question that, in the study of medicine at least, Anglo-Saxon England was far from being ‘a backwater in which superstition flourished until the mainstream of more rational and advanced Salernitan practices flowed into the country in late medieval times’. On the contrary, Anglo-Saxon medicine was at least at the same level as that of contemporary European schools. In ninth-century England the medical works inherited by ‘post-classical Latin medical literature (which included translations and epitomes of Greek and Byzantine medical authorities)’ were not o

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BOWAN, KATE. "Reconstructing a ‘Special Relationship’ from Scattered Archives: America, Britain, Europe and the ISCM, 1922–45." Journal of the Royal Musical Association 147, no. 2 (2022): 616–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rma.2022.29.

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In an account of the early history of the International Society for Contemporary Music (ISCM) for a 1946 BBC broadcast, president of the ISCM Edward Dent recounted the ‘two main reasons’ why London was proposed as the society’s initial headquarters at that first meeting in 1922 in Salzburg. Firstly, he maintained, ‘it stood apart from all the quarrels and jealousies of the Continent’, and secondly, and most importantly for the purposes of this article, he outlined a triangulated relationship: ‘[London] was regarded as a link between Europe and America.’ ‘American music’, he continued, ‘really

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Suleymanov, Nizami. "Trade and economic relations of the Azerbaijani state of the Safavids with the states of Western Europe in the second half of the 16th century." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 11-2 (2022): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202211statyi44.

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The article examines the trade and economic relations of the Azerbaijani state of the Safavids with some states of Western Europe - Portugal, Venice and England in the second half of the 16th century. The author of the article paid special attention to the economic interests of these Western European states, which have established trade relations with the Safavid state for the sake of establishing direct trade relations with the countries of the East.

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Young, B. W. "The Anglican Origins of Newman's Celibacy." Church History 65, no. 1 (1996): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3170494.

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In his historical defense of the doctrines of the Church of England, published in 1826, Robert Southey assumed that “the question concerning the celibacy of the clergy had been set at rest throughout Protestant Europe.” The conclusion that Anglicanism necessarily entailed the rejection of celibacy was, in early-nineteenth-century England, decidedly premature, and the ambiguity over celibacy in the Church of England is starkly and exceptionally exposed in the life and work of John Henry Newman. Recent assessments of Newman's peculiar standing in Victorian society have often emphasized the sexua

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Bohomolets-Barash, Oleksandr. "PECULIARITIES OF VERBALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT EUROPE IN HRYHORII SKOVORODA’S LANGUAGE MODEL OF THE WORLD." Studia Linguistica, no. 18 (2021): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2021.18.39-54.

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The article considers the verbal ways of realization of the concept of EUROPE in Hryhorii Skovoroda’s language model of the world. Various lexical samples of the examined concept were discovered in the works of the outstanding Ukrainian philosopher: e.g. Europe, European, European; numerous names of European countries, cities, their inhabitants; names to denote other geographical phenomena of Europe. Most of these lexical units are found in the author’s philosophical dialogues. During the discussion, their participants show the awareness of realities of Europe at that time, peculiarities of it

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Brent, Jonathan. "Constance and the Holy Land in the Cronicles of Nicholas Trevet." Studies in the Age of Chaucer 45, no. 1 (2023): 171–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sac.2023.a913915.

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Abstract: Nicholas Trevet's version of the Constance story, most often read in excerpt against its poetic adaptations ( The Man of Law's Tale and Gower's "Tale of Constance"), falls at the middle of Trevet's Anglo-Norman Cronicles (c. 1334), a history of the world from Creation to the 1320s. This article suggests that Trevet's Constance story gains political and historical meaning as a part of this longer world history. The Cronicles uses the "Old Testament" as a frame for the Anglo-British past, positing a certain affinity between Israel and England. That the biblical Maccabees—who had been c

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Davidson, Jonathan RT. "The Wesselhoefts: A medical dynasty from the age of Goethe to the era of nuclear medicine." Journal of Medical Biography 25, no. 4 (2015): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772015619304.

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For six generations, members of the Wesselhoeft family have practiced medicine in Germany, Denmark, Switzerland, Canada and/or the USA. In the early decades of the 19th century, two Wesselhoeft brothers left Europe to eventually settle in New England, where they and their progeny gave rise to a regional medical dynasty. The Wesselhoeft doctors became well-known practitioners of homeopathy, hydropathy, conventional medicine and surgery, in academic and general clinical settings. An additional connection was established to the literary worlds of Germany and the USA, either through friendships or

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Savchuk, H. N. "MILITARY MEDICINE IN THE MEDIEVAL EASTERN EUROPE." Likarska sprava, no. 3-4 (June 30, 2020): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31640/jvd.3-4.2020(10).

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The article considers some evidences about military medicine in the Eastern Europe, especially on the modern Ukrainian territory, in 11th–13th centuries. Analogies from the West-European history are represented. The information from contemporary chronicles illuminates medieval medical thoughts in the practice of Rus’ physicians. Some facts are leaded out the logical way. Connections between contemporary conditions and the next development of medicine in late-medieval Ukraine are followed. Research Methodology. As the main method, a logical analysis is used that allows supplementing missing inf

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Pearson, M. N. "The Thin End of the Wedge Medical Relativities as a Paradigm of Early Modern Indian–European Relations." Modern Asian Studies 29, no. 1 (1995): 141–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00012658.

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The Rise of the West, the creation of the Third World, the beginnings of disparity between Asia and Europe, or whatever other phrase is used, is obviously the great event of world history; hence the attempts to explain and date it, going back to the time when the Rise was actually beginning in the later eighteenth century. The literature is vast, complex and mostly of high quality. Some of it is concerned with causation—how did ‘the West’ get ahead, why did ‘Asia’ fall back or perhaps just stay the same? Others are interested in trying to date the beginnings of inequality—when can we see the b

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18

Ferrari, Giada, Judith Neukamm, Helle T. Baalsrud, et al. "Variola virus genome sequenced from an eighteenth-century museum specimen supports the recent origin of smallpox." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1812 (2020): 20190572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0572.

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Smallpox, caused by the variola virus (VARV), was a highly virulent disease with high mortality rates causing a major threat for global human health until its successful eradication in 1980. Despite previously published historic and modern VARV genomes, its past dissemination and diversity remain debated. To understand the evolutionary history of VARV with respect to historic and modern VARV genetic variation in Europe, we sequenced a VARV genome from a well-described eighteenth-century case from England (specimen P328). In our phylogenetic analysis, the new genome falls between the modern str

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Selihar, Karla. "Contributions to the history of Serbian reading rooms: Reading rooms in the villages and small towns of Vojvodina." Kultura, no. 176 (2022): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/kultura2276181s.

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Under the influence of the ideas of the Enlightenment, just in time after the French Revolution, educated bourgeois class that formed in many countries felt the immense need for books and reading. Due to the social changes that had affected Europe, the attitude towards books and libraries was also changing. In Europe, social processes took place that enabled the development of education, literacy, and thus the creation of a new readership, as well as new ways of reading, which led to the establishment and formation of various clubs and societies whose main purpose was to enable the access to t

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20

Powell, Timothy E. "The ‘Three Orders’ of society in Anglo-Saxon England." Anglo-Saxon England 23 (December 1994): 103–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675100004506.

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The first recorded use of the idea of the ‘Three Orders’ of society in an English context, and indeed it has been said, the first use of the idea in medieval Europe, is in King Alfred's ‘translation’ of Boethius'sDe consolatione Philosophiae. It contains a digression on the responsibilities of kingship in which Alfred, speaking as ‘Mind’ in a dialogue with ‘Wisdom’ reflects.I wished for tools and resources for the task that I was commanded to accomplish, which was that I should virtuously and worthily guide and direct the authority which was entrusted to me. You know of course that no-one can

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Filho, Marcílio Toscano Franca. "Westphalia: a Paradigm? A Dialogue between Law, Art and Philosophy of Science." German Law Journal 8, no. 10 (2007): 955–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200006118.

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On 23rd June 2007, after three years of uncertainty, European Union leaders agreed on relaunching the old idea of a Magna Charta for Europe (now called “the Reform Treaty”), a normative structure based on the old ideas of deference to national identities, sovereignty and equality. To many authors, the first time that juridical equality between states was solemnly stated was in the aftermath of the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648), in the Westphalia Peace Treaties, representing the beginning of modern international society established in a system of states, and at the same time, “the plain affirma

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Unger, Richard W. "Beer and Taxes." TSEG - The Low Countries Journal of Social and Economic History 19, no. 1 (2022): 61–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52024/tseg.11492.

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Beer taxes were long a significant source of government revenue in northern Europe. In Holland the income from beer taxes went into long-term decline from 1650 onward. In England the take remained more stable. In both, beer produced a falling share of total revenue as expenses increased in an era of frequent and increasingly costly wars. The fiscal policies pursued in reaction to beer contributing a declining share of total government income led, by 1800, to policies that made the tax burden more broadly shared in the Netherlands than it was in Great Britain. The failure of beer to support the

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Paviot, Jacques. "England and the Mongols (c. 1260–1330)." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 10, no. 3 (2000): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135618630001292x.

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As regards the Mongols, our knowledge of their history, of their customs, of their way of life, our relations with them, England presents an interesting case. We do not know the extent of the material lost on the Continent, but, in this (for the Mongols) remote corner of Europe, (in places safe from their devastation) documentation is to be found. A monk of Saint Albans, the chronicler Matthew Paris who died in 1259, is an important source. He was the only person to preserve Ivo of Narbonne's confession (which reveals that an Englishman was one of the first envoys of the Mongols to King Bela o

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Hanawalt, Barbara A., and Ben R. McRee. "The guilds of homo prudens in late medieval England." Continuity and Change 7, no. 2 (1992): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416000001557.

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Les corporations de jeunes et les corporations carnavalesques, c'est a dire de l'homo ludens, ainsi que les corporations des métiers ou de marchands ont bénéficié d'une recherche historique abondante, alors que les corporations tant socio-religieuses que celles des paroisses n'ont retenu l'attention que depuis peu de temps. Ces derniéres sont pourtant devenues de plus en plus importantes en Europe au bas Moyen Age. Alors que ces associations bénévoles jouaient une quantité de r^les pour leurs membres ou leurs communautés cet article recherche le rôle qu'elles jouent dans le changement politiqu

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Milne, Maurice. "Archibald Alison: Conservative Controversialist." Albion 27, no. 3 (1995): 419–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4051736.

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Archibald Alison is perhaps more widely remembered from a brief-and disguised—reference in Coningsby than from any direct usage of his own voluminous writings: “Finally, Mr. Rigby impressed on Coningsby to read the Quarterly Review with great attention; and to make himself master of Mr. Wordy's History of the late War, in twenty volumes, a capital work, which proves that Providence was on the side of the Tories.” The dubbing of Alison as “Mr. Wordy” was one of Disraeli's most unerring shafts. Alison's History of Europe, covering the period 1789-1815, would have earned him that sobriquet on its

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Wong, Jane Yeang Chui. "Ideologies of Diplomacy." Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 50, no. 3 (2020): 477–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10829636-8626064.

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The publication in 2008 of John Watkins’s special issue for the Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, “Toward a New Diplomatic History of Medieval and Early Modern Europe,” opened up the formal aspects of the ambassador’s office and official channels of diplomatic negotiation to a complex sociocultural landscape underlying the processes of diplomacy-in-the-making. The field of New Diplomatic History has since burgeoned. This current special issue hews closely to the cross-disciplinary nature of newer diplomatic history, and it responds to critical challenges that have recently emerged

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Beslac, Milan. "The scope of foreign direct investment in South Eastern Europe and the economy of SCG." Ekonomski anali 51, no. 168 (2006): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka0668095b.

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Foreign direct investments have had a long tradition in the modern Serbian history. The influence of the foreign capital on the Serbian economy was particularly expressed in the period between the two World Wars, when France England, Belgium, Germany and even Russia invested into Serbia. After World War II, until the end of the sixth decade, foreign direct investments were not stipulated in the legal regulations. In the last decade of the twentieth century and at the beginning of the twenty-first, the inflow of foreign direct investments has been provided for through the economy transformation

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Miller, Benjamin T., and Don K. Nakayama. "In Close Combat: Vice-Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson's Injuries in the Napoleonic Wars." American Surgeon 85, no. 11 (2019): 1304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481908501141.

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Born in Norfolk, England, on September 29, 1758, Horatio Nelson was the sixth of eleven children in a working-class family. With the help of his uncle, Maurice Suckling, a captain in the Royal Navy, Nelson began his naval career as a 13-year-old midshipman on the British battleship Raisonnable. His courage and leadership in the battle marked him for promotion, and he rose quickly from midshipman to admiral, serving in the West Indies, East Indies, North America, Europe, and even the Arctic. As his rank ascended, Nelson's consistent strategy was close engagement, an approach that led to success

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Francmanis, John. "The ‘Folk-Song’ Competition: An Aspect of the Search for an English National Music." Rural History 11, no. 2 (2000): 181–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300002090.

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On 10th April 1902 a sometime landscape artist and self-educated musical antiquarian took his seat in the Drill Hall at Kendal in Westmorland. Frank Kidson, an acknowledged authority on the subject, had been invited there to judge the first ever Folk-Song Competition. In introducing his guest the general adjudicator ‘could only say Mr Kidson was a walking encyclopoedia on these things’.The perceived need for a characteristically English art music bestowed considerable significance on folk-song, for both theory and practice in continental Europe suggested that such material comprised the essent

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Jelsbak, Torben. "Skandinaviske studier og geopolitik: IASS og den kolde krig." Scandinavistica Vilnensis 17, no. 1 (2023): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/scandinavisticavilnensis.2023.2.

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The foundation stone for the creation of IASS was laid at the First International Conference on Scandinavian Studies which took place at the University of Cambridge, England, in July 1956. Few months later, the world woke up to the news of the Soviet invasion in Budapest on November 4th, a defining moment in the history of the Cold War, which sent political shock waves and a flow of nearly a quarter-million Hungarian refugees to Western Europe. But how did this tense political situation affect the emerging field of international Scandinavian studies? Drawing on the vast literature of published

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Cinelli, Noemi. "“RESTRAINED BRIGHTNESS AND ARCHAIC PURITY”. FASCINATION FROM THE ANTIQUITY IN THE AGE OF ENLIGHTMENT." ERAS | European Review of Artistic Studies 4, no. 3 (2013): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37334/eras.v4i3.136.

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The find in 1777 of the frescoes adorning Villa Peretti Montalto-Negroni in Rome was a unique opportunity to foster the renewed interest in ancient painting that Enlightenment Europe was feeding.Protagonists of the excavations in the surroundings of present Termini railway station were the Aragones diplomat Jose Nicolas de Azara (promoter) and his Bohemian intimate friend Anton Raphael Mengs (drawer), the artist who went down in history as the painter philosopher. The frescoes that Mengs could admire and copy, along with his writings on art theory, influenced the European taste, especially in

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Jurasinski, Stefan. "Making or Declaring Law? Legislative Intent and Privileged Speech in Anglo-Saxon England." Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 53, no. 3 (2023): 545–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10829636-10689659.

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Celebrated by a generation of literature scholars, lamented by E. D. Hirsch, the disappearance of the author and authorial intentions as means of interpretation has a history with branches in the study of pre-Conquest England. Long before the twentieth century, Anglo-Saxon legislators were disappearing from their laws, as discussion of their intentions in establishing them was viewed by historians with increasing disfavor. Even today, commentary on early English royal legislation seldom acknowledges that these texts enjoyed (or were intended to enjoy) the force of law in any meaningful sense.

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Ray, Moitreya. "HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AEROPLANES IN THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT IN PRE-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 10, no. 8 (2022): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v10.i8.2022.4727.

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Winning the blue sky became possible with the invention of the motor operated aero plane by Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright—the Wright Brothers in 1903. Shortly after their invention, aeronautic companies established in America and Europe started manufacturing aero planes. The year 1911 marked the beginning of the Civil Aviation in India when the Humber-Sommer biplane manufactured in England by Humber took 10-kilometre (approx.) flight in 15 minutes carrying about 6,500 mails. Since then, a continuous technological advancement in aero plane manufacturing had been noticed that not only contrib

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Humphries, Jane. "Modern Europe - A General View of the Rural Economy of England, 1538–1840. By Ann Kussmaul. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Pp. xiv, 216. $39.50." Journal of Economic History 51, no. 2 (1991): 485–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002205070003919x.

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Kopperman, Paul E., and Jeanne Abrams. "Cotton Mather's medicine, with particular reference to measles." Journal of Medical Biography 27, no. 1 (2016): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772016662166.

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While the vocation of Cotton Mather (1663–1728) was his ministry in Boston, he made important contributions to medicine, most famously in helping to introduce variolation to New England in 1721–22 and in writing The Angel of Bethesda (1724), the first medical treatise produced in Colonial North America. This article, however, focuses on an earlier initiative, Mather’s efforts to quell the epidemic of measles that struck Boston in 1713, killing among many others his wife and three children. Historians have devoted little attention to this episode or to measles in general, even though the diseas

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Daragan, Tetiana, and Oksana Vlasyuk. "THE ROLE OF EUROPEAN PRACTICES OF THE YOUTH POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN THE FORMATION OF YOUNG POLITICAL ELITE IN UKRAINE." Educational Analytics of Ukraine, no. 3 (2022): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32987/2617-8532-2022-3-119-127.

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The article is devoted to the study of the organization of student self-government in two European countries, such as France and England. The relevance of the study is due to the need to analyze and thus introduce the best experience of leading universities in Western Europe on the functioning of student unions. Student activity in European HEIs is aimed not only at obtaining high-quality higher education but also at active social and public activities. As a result, in various unions, students acquire primary skills in organizing election companies and acquire the basics of management and poli

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Sawyer, Roy T. "History of the Leech Trade in Ireland, 1750–1915: Microcosm of a Global Commodity." Medical History 57, no. 3 (2013): 420–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2013.21.

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AbstractIn the nineteenth century the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis evolved into a lucrative commodity in great demand throughout the western world. In less than a century its trade became big business by any measure, involving tens of millions of animals shipped to every inhabited continent. In this context Ireland is particularly instructive in that it was the first country in Europe to exhaust its supply of native leeches. Concomitantly, it was also the first country to import leeches from abroad, as early as 1750. Being an island with manageable border controls, and a clearly definabl

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Paz, D. G. "Anti-Catholicism, Anti-Irish Stereotyping, and Anti-Celtic Racism in Mid-Victorian Working-Class Periodicals." Albion 18, no. 4 (1986): 601–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4050132.

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The rapid increase in Irish immigration, it is often argued, was the chief cause for the growth of anti-Catholicism in mid-nineteenth century England. Patrick Joyce and Neville Kirk both believe that ethnic tension and violence in southeast Lancashire and northeast Cheshire increased during and after the late 1840s, that that increase “followed the pattern of the arrival and dispersal” of Irish immigrants, and that the controversy over the creation of the Roman Catholic hierarchy in 1850 intensified the conflict.L.P. Curtis, Jr., agrees that the mid-century is important, for it was then, he ar

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ROSE, EDWARD P. F. "MILITARY GEOLOGY: AN AMERICAN TERM OF WORLD WAR I RE-DEFINED FOR THE BRITISH ARMY AT THE END OF WORLD WAR II." Earth Sciences History 42, no. 2 (2023): 291–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-42.2.291.

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ABSTRACT The term ‘military geology’, translated from German after earlier use in French and Spanish publications, entered the English language via American publications from 1917 onwards, initially after the USA entered World War I. It was widely used in the USA and, in direct or indirect translation, in several European countries additional to Germany and Austria thereafter, but not in the United Kingdom—although military applications of geology had been perceived and utilized by the British Army for much of the previous century. However, the term was used and its scope defined on the basis

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Mader, Detlef, and Georgi Čatalov. "Comparative palaeoenvironmental modelling of Buntsandstein braided river evolution in Bulgaria and Middle Europe." Geologica Balcanica 22, no. 6 (1992): 21–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.22.6.21.

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The Buntsandstein in Europe was deposited in various independent basins which are situated up to several thousands of km apart. The basins of the German facies are located in Middle Europe, Spain, and Bulgaria, whereas the Buntsandstein areas in Hungary, Austria and neighbouring countries belong to the Alpine facies, and the Tatra Mountains in Poland represent the Carpathian facies. While the Mid-European Triassic Basin has a very large extension, Bulgaria is characterized by comparatively smaller basins. The Buntsandstein columns in the Triassic basins in Bulgaria exhibit a pronounced similar

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Sainchin, Oleksandr. "Theory and History Development of Criminal Investigations abroad." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 2, no. 2 (2020): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-2-235-241.

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In the conditions of formation and development of new socio-economic relations, reformation of legislative state structures, executive and judicial power, the task of creating a legal basis for law strengthening and the law enforcement activity improving arises. The legal sciences should develop and form the statehood and lawfulness legal basis of law-enforcement activity, aimed to reliable protection of constitutional rights and legitimate interests of citizens, public formations and state structures of Ukraine. Criminalistics equips law enforcement officers with effective methods and means o

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BRUCE MCMILLAN, R. "ALBERT KOCH’S HYDRARCHOS: A HOAX OR A BONA FIDE COLLECTION OF BONES." Earth Sciences History 42, no. 1 (2023): 84–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-42.1.84.

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ABSTRACT This is the second essay of a two-part series on the life and collecting activities of Albert Koch. After Koch traveled to England where he sold his Missourium to the British Museum, the American mastodon that now stands in the Natural History Museum of London, he then went to his homeland in Germany. Koch left his family in Dresden, when he again departed for the United States to pursue some additional paleontological adventures. Following several weeks of travel, he arrived in Alabama where he excavated the remains of a large, archaeocete whale, that he named the Hydrarchos. Koch di

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Richards, Eric. "How Did Poor People Emigrate from the British Isles to Australia in the Nineteenth Century?" Journal of British Studies 32, no. 3 (1993): 250–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386032.

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One of the great themes of modern history is the movement of poor people across the face of the earth. For individuals and families the economic and psychological costs of these transoceanic migrations were severe. But they did not prevent millions of agriculturalists and proletarians from Europe reaching the new worlds in both the Atlantic and the Pacific basins in the nineteenth century. These people, in their myriad voyages, shifted the demographic balance of the continents and created new economies and societies wherever they went. The means by which these emigrations were achieved are lit

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Eddy, J. A., J. D. North, S. Debarbat, H. Eelsalu, O. Pedersen, and Xi Ze-Zong. "41. History of Astronomy (Histoire De L’astronomie)." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 20, no. 01 (1988): 567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00007380.

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Commission 41 has been involved in one colloquium and one symposium since the last report:IAU Colloquium 91 on “The History of Oriental Astronomy” was held in New Delhi, November 13-16, 1985, preceding the XlXth General Assembly. Members of the scientific organizing committee were S.M.R. Ansari, E.S. Kennedy, D. King, R. Mercier, O. Pedersen, D. Pingree, G. Saliba, Xi Ze-Zong and K. Yabuuti. The colloquium was co-sponsored by the International Union for the History and Philosophy of Science, and by a number of organizations in India: the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi

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Khruleva, Irina Yur'evna. "The Theological Polemics of Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield: Differences in Their Understanding of the "Great Awakening" of the 1740s in New England." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 1 (January 2020): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2020.1.30503.

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The first "Great Awakening" took hold of all British colonies in North America in the 1730s-1750s and developed contemporaneously with the Enlightenment movement, which had a significant impact on all aspects of life in the colonies, influencing religion, politics and ideology. The inhabitants of the colonies, professing different religious views, for the first time experienced a general spiritual upsurge. The colonies had never seen anything like the Great Awakening in scale and degree of influence on society. This was the first movement in American history that was truly intercolonial in nat

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Gilman, Todd S. "Augustan Criticism and Changing Conceptions of English Opera." Theatre Survey 36, no. 2 (1995): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557400001186.

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The love-hate nature of the relations between England and Italy in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries is well known. Ever since Henry VIII broke with Rome after Pope Clement VII refused to allow his divorce, things Italian were a popular object of satire and general disdain. An ever-increasing British nationalism founded on political, religious, and aesthetic principles during the seventeenth century fanned the flames of anti-Italian sentiment. This nationalism, newly consolidated in the seventeenth century by the ambitions of the Stuart monarchs to destroy Parliament, was intimately con

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TYLECOTE, ANDREW. "Institutions matter: but which institutions? And how and why do they change?" Journal of Institutional Economics 12, no. 3 (2015): 721–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137415000478.

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AbstractBoth political and economic institutions matter for economic growth and development, and are indissolubly connected: sustained economic growth requires far-reaching opening up of the economy and polity to wide participation. This review essay draws on three books which share this view of institutions, to develop an argument on which institutions matter most, and how and why they change. Like them, it uses history as laboratory. Northet al.(2009) inViolence and Social Ordersfocus on Britain, France and the United States, in which change was generally progressive, to study such change fr

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SCHÜRER, K. "Introduction: Household and family in past time further explored." Continuity and Change 18, no. 1 (2003): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416003004491.

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The articles in this special issue of Continuity and Change arose from a workshop held in Palma de Mallorca, Spain, between 9 and 11 September 1999, hosted by the Universitat de les Illes Balears. The workshop was called to celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of another conference, that held in Cambridge at the Faculty of History and at Trinity College in September 1969. It was this conference in 1969 that resulted in the publication of Household and family in past time: comparative studies in the size and structure of the domestic group over the last three centuries in England, France, Serbia

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Spārītis, Ojārs. "Three Sources of Michael Johann von der Borch’s Poem “The Sentimental Park of Varakļāni Palace”." Baltic Journal of Art History 20 (December 27, 2020): 109–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2020.20.04.

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History permits us to trace so-called Polish Inflanty, in the territoryof the former Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania, to the contemporaryRepublic of Latvia. In this case we are particularly interested in theestate of Warkland (Warklany, Varakļāni). The ensemble of manorand park is typical for large estates in Eastern Europe, including avillage and its infrastructure and a separate manor and park as aspatial, architectural, botanical and social entity.Originating from Baltic-German nobility, ‘Polonised’ countMichael Johann von der Borch-Lubeschitz und Borchhoff (1753–1810) was the son of a Chan

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M R, Sripriya, and Ramakrishnan T. "EXCAVATION OF THINGS PAST: A HISTORICAL PROBE INTO KAZUO ISHIGURO’S THE REMAINS OF THE DAY." ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 3, no. 2SE (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v3.i2se.2022.240.

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The paper aims to explore the historical aspects of the novel The Remains of the Day by Kazuo Ishiguro. The novel deals with six days motoring trip in the life of the protagonist Mr. Stevens, an English butler from Darlington Hall, England to Cornwall for business purposes in 1956. The study traces how the physical journey leads him to recognize his past issues through a mental journey of a loyal butler. This helps him to identify his true self. The remembrance of his personal history, loss, historical events, places, historical figures, and political situation in Europe shape his existence. T

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