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1
Jung, Gi Moon. "Problems of World History Textbook and Suggestions for Improvement Focusing on Ancient European History." Korean History Education Review 142 (June 30, 2017): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.18622/kher.2017.06.142.89.
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Bollongino, R., C. J. Edwards, K. W. Alt, J. Burger, and D. G. Bradley. "Early history of European domestic cattle as revealed by ancient DNA." Biology Letters 2, no. 1 (2005): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0404.
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We present an extensive ancient DNA analysis of mainly Neolithic cattle bones sampled from archaeological sites along the route of Neolithic expansion, from Turkey to North-Central Europe and Britain. We place this first reasonable population sample of Neolithic cattle mitochondrial DNA sequence diversity in context to illustrate the continuity of haplotype variation patterns from the first European domestic cattle to the present. Interestingly, the dominant Central European pattern, a starburst phylogeny around the modal sequence, T3, has a Neolithic origin, and the reduced diversity within this cluster in the ancient samples accords with their shorter history of post-domestic accumulation of mutation.
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SATO, SORA. "VIGOUR, ENTHUSIASM AND PRINCIPLES: EDMUND BURKE'S VIEWS OF EUROPEAN HISTORY." Modern Intellectual History 13, no. 2 (2014): 299–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244314000481.
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This essay analyses Burke's ideas on European history, which lay scattered over his works, and suggests that Burke may have considered Europe, with the notable exception of ancient Rome, as having been in a state of barbarism or confusion from the ancient era until the sixteenth century, despite the gradual development of society. Unlike some of his contemporaries, he did not closely examine the growth of a European state system, nor the rise of the balance of power in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Nor did he specially underline the collapse of feudalism and the process of establishing absolute monarchy. Instead, Burke stressed more fundamental elements. While he often drew attention to the glimmer of hope towards future prosperity amid devastation, which dominated large parts of European history, his ideas on European history reflected his long-held social theory that nations could revive and develop as long as the foundations of society were not damaged.
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Silnović, Nirvana. "The handbook of religions in ancient Europe: European history of religions." European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire 25, no. 1 (2017): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13507486.2017.1332835.
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Evans, Richard J. "What is European History? Reflections of a Cosmopolitan Islander." European History Quarterly 40, no. 4 (2010): 593–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691410375500.
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There have been many attempts to define ‘European History’. The concept did not exist until the emergence of the idea of ‘Europe’ itself, which can be dated to the Early Modern period, when ‘Christendom’ no longer seemed a viable geographical concept in view of the religious wars of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and the expansion of Christian missions overseas. By the late eighteenth century, the reforms of Peter the Great had led to the expansion of the idea of ‘Europe’ beyond the area imagined by Ancient geographers to include a large part of Russia. More recently, attempts to equate European history with the history of the member states of the European Union have met with little favour. In the UK, European history conventionally means the history of the European Continent, not including the British Isles. Argument about the cultural parameters of European history continues, and forms an essential part of any study of the subject.
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Chervonenko, O., and D. Kepin. "The beginnings of the natural history museology in Europe." History of science and technology 6, no. 8 (2016): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2016-6-8-206-214.
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The paper deals with the history of development of views on the nature during the ancient era as well as the beginnings of museum studies in the context of creation natural history collections in Europe during classical antiquity. Based on the results of analysis of archeological evidences and historical documents it was revealed that institutions called “mouseion” (lat. thesaurus) common in both Ancient Greece and Rome cannot be equated with museums in the modern sense of the term. The establishment of museums as sociocultural institutions and the creation of natural history exhibitions in European countries were held during the Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment and were related with major discoveries in the field of biology.
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Pamuk, Şevket. "Economic History, Institutions, and Institutional Change." International Journal of Middle East Studies 44, no. 3 (2012): 532–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743812000475.
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Until recently the discipline of economic history was concerned mostly with the Industrial Revolution and the period since. A large majority of the research and writing focused on Great Britain, western Europe, and the United States. There has been a striking change in the last three decades. Economic historians today are much more interested in the earlier periods: the early modern and medieval eras and even the ancient economies of the Old World. They have been gathering empirical materials and employing various theories to make sense of the evolution of these economies. Equally important, there has been a resurgence in the studies of developing regions of the world. Global economic history, focusing on all regions of the world and their interconnectedness since ancient times, is on its way to becoming a major field of study. Even the Industrial Revolution, the most central event of economic history, is being studied and reinterpreted today not as a British or even western European event but as a breakthrough resulting from many centuries of interaction between Europe and the rest of the world.
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ChangSung Kim. "The Report of the Tenth Japan-Korea-China Symposium on Ancient European History." Journal of Classical Studies ll, no. 36 (2013): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20975/jcskor.2013..36.231.
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Izaguirre, N., and C. De La Rua. "Ancient mtDNA haplogroups: a new insight into the genetic history of European populations." International Journal of Anthropology 17, no. 1 (2002): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02447902.
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Peters, Edward. "Quid nobis cum pelago? The New Thalassology and the Economic History of Europe." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 34, no. 1 (2003): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002219503322645457.
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The long debate about the nature and decline of the ancient Mediterranean economy and the appearance of a distinctive northern European economy has been considerably enriched by recent research in archaeology, ecology, numismatics, and communications history. Particularly striking has been the expansion of research into untraditional areas—microregional histories of the Mediterranean, hagiography, and the evidence of physical mobility. The result of this expansion has been to redefine the problem of the ancient and the later economies and to suggest new methods for continuing research.
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Tantlevskij, Igor, and Igor Evlampiev. "A living person against the laws of space: Hebrew and Ancient Greek summands of European outlook." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 15, no. 1 (2021): 86–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2021-15-1-86-107.
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The article deals with the basic features of ancient Greek and ancient Jewish world outlook and analyzes their role in European history down to the 20th century. Attention is drawn to the fact that the fundamental difference of the ancient Greek worldview manifests itself in the absolute prevalence of spatial concepts, while time is understood by the model of "eternal return", the repetition of the same, rather than as a history that enriches man. In the center of the ancient Jewish worldview, on the contrary, is the idea of time as a historical process, which includes an endless dialogue between man and God, leading a person to maturity. Interpretations of the key Hebrew worldview concept of hā-ʻōlām as the Universe eternity and the Universe as duration are proposed and analyzed. The article shows that the idea inherited by Christian Europe from the ancient Greeks about the perfect arrangement of the Universe (Cosmos), conforming to the laws of nature, became the deepest reason for the domination of scientific rationality in modern civilization. At the same time the newest worldview tendencies connected with philosophy of life, intuitivism, existentialism, protecting the idea of irrational incomprehensibility of human life, can be recognized as originating from the Hebrew worldview. It was Henri Bergson who has clearly shown the opposite of these two trends within the European worldview. His concept of true time, understood as duration, memory and history, reveals striking coincidences with ancient Jewish conceptions of time and history. According to Bergson, duration is the essence of man and at the same time is the absolute being from which the Universe comes; this leads to radical anthropocentrism, which can be considered as a distant consequence of biblical anthropocentrism.
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Fedorova, Anastasiia. "CHANGES IN THE SEMANTICS OF LEGAL LEXIS IN THE INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES (based on the materials, retrieved from the thesis paper “Formation of the legal terminological semantics in the Indo-European languages”)." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2019, no. 29 (2019): 272–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-29-19.
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The history of legal lexis dates back to the ancient times of ancient peoples. The study of legal language enables the reconstruction of Indo-European ritual-legal ancients at verbal, linguistic levels. Archaic societies had no legal culture, instead, the norms of customary law of ancient societies were referred to as “pre-law”, which included syncretism of law, religion, myth, poetry, and morality. The syncretic ritual and legal consciousness of the ancient peoples in the pre-state period and in the early state formations has its specific reflection in a language that receives such a definition as “the language of law”. The system of “language of law” of Indo-European peoples is partly outlined in today’s scientific survey by describing changes in the semantics of legal lexis in the Indo-European languages, based on the analysis of the distinguished evolutionary models of semantics (EMS) in the Germanic, Slavonic and Iranian languages. The evolutionary model of semantics is a method of inquiry and a procedural scheme for explaining the history of legal meaning. 79 EMS were distinguished during the research, showing the genesis of the meaning 'power', 'lord', 'to rule', 'law', '(religious) law', 'pledge', '(blood) feud', 'court', 'judge'. Using data of the distinguished EMS, that clearly shows the change in the semantic volume of a word, a specific type of change in the meaning of legal lexis in the lexical and semantic system of the Indo-European languages was identified for each EMS, namely, expanding, narrowing (specializing), amelioration or pejoration of the meaning of the word. The study found that quantitatively the semantic derivation of the Indo-European legal terminology most experienced the type of narrowing of the meaning of the word, which, according to the researchers, belongs to the semantic universals. Metaphorical and metonymic changes in the meaning in the legal lexis of the Indo-European languages were also highlighted, that will need further study.
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Benes, Tuska. "The Shared Descent of Semitic and Aryan in Christian Bunsen’s History of Revelation." Philological Encounters 2, no. 3-4 (2017): 270–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519197-12340027.
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The desire to uphold monogenesis encouraged Christian Bunsen (1791-1866) to bridge the Semitic and Indo-European language families. Bunsen’s identifying ancient Egyptian as a linguistic bridge had implications for the supposed history of God’s revelation to humankind, as well as for German conceptions of “Semitic” as a racial category in the 1840s. The rise of Sanskrit as a possible Ursprache, as well as new critical methods and the rationalist critique of revelation, altered the position Egypt once held in ancient wisdom narratives. However, the gradual decipherment of hieroglyphs and efforts to historicize ancient Egyptian encouraged Bunsen to rethink the history of religion. His faith in monogenesis and Bunsen’s deriving Aryans and Semites from a common ancestor did not inhibit the racialization of “Semitic” as a category or reverse the loss of status Hebrew antiquity suffered as other scholars located primordial revelation in the Aryan past. Instead religion itself became racialized.
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Măndiţă, Mădălina. "Ancient Judaism and Its Sociological Analysis. A Classical Perspective." Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty: Social Sciences 9, no. 2 (2020): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumenss/9.2/45.
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The scientific analysis concerning Jewish history is a challenging task from the point of view of human studies, especially for those concerned with the spiritual uniqueness of a community that marked European history and culture. Here, we try to benefit from the contribution of Max Weber, and his research of Ancient Judaism, a major work written at the height of his sociological thinking, viewed in the mirror with the French sociology, marked by a functionalist perspective over social world, using the study of Antonin Causse. In the end, we try the weidening of classical sociology with Eric Voegelin’s philosophical perspective, for which the order of history begins with Israel and Revelation. Thus, it can be said that starting from a sociology of immanence it could be forseen a sociology of transcendence, through a perspective that asserts the axial role of spiritual identity in understanding people and their history throught religious manifestations.
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Geary, Patrick J. "Austria, the Writing of History, and the Search for European Identity." Austrian History Yearbook 47 (April 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237816000047.
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In his address to the International Author's Congress held in Paris in 1935, Robert Musil—who claimed to have always held himself back from politics because, in his words, like hygiene, he had no talent for it—attempted to describe the problem of being an Austrian writer. A German author, he suggested, is unproblematically German in his writings. But an Austrian writer, he said, was in a more problematic situation. “My Austrian homeland expects from its poets that they be more or less poets of the Austrian homeland, and there are the creators of cultural history who make of show of demonstrating that an Austrian poet has always been something other as a German one.” It is perhaps the fate of Austria to have a surfeit of Kulturgeschichtskonstrukteure, of intellectuals who feel a need to build a cultural history of Austria and to project it into a distant past, and this largely in the face of the overwhelming reality that a unified cultural history of Austria is impossible, unlike, some might think, that of ancient nations such as Germany, France, or Italy.
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JENSEN, FREYJA COX. "THE POPULARITY OF ANCIENT HISTORIANS, 1450–1600." Historical Journal 61, no. 3 (2018): 561–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x17000395.
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AbstractThe histories of ancient Greece and Rome are part of a shared European heritage, and a foundation for many modern Western social and cultural traditions. Their printing and circulation during the Renaissance helped to shape the identities of individual nations, and create different reading publics. Yet we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the forms in which works of Greek and Roman history were published in the first centuries of the handpress age, the relationship between the ideas contained within these texts and the books as material objects, and thus the precise nature of the changes they effected in early modern European culture and society. This article provides the groundwork for a reassessment of the place of ancient history in the early modern world. Using new, digital resources to reappraise existing scholarship, it offers a fresh evaluation of the publication of the ancient historians from the inception of print to 1600, revealing important differences that alter our understanding of particular authors, texts, and trends, and suggesting directions for further research. It also models the research possibilities of large-scale digital catalogues and databases, and highlights the possibilities (and pitfalls) of these resources.
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Clark, Frederic. "Universal History and the Origin Narrative of European Modernity: The Leiden Lectures of Jacob Perizonius (1651–1715) on Historia Universalis." Erudition and the Republic of Letters 2, no. 4 (2017): 359–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24055069-00204001.
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This article explores a central facet of humanist scholarship and pedagogy—namely, the writing and teaching of universal history—in the decades around 1700. In does so by examining one of the most prominent humanists of the European Republic of Letters: the Leiden classical scholar Jacob Perizonius (1651–1715). Through analysis of Perizonius’s unpublished lectures on universal history, it explores how ‘classicists’ (long before they commonly identified as such) could command geographies and temporalities far distant from Greco-Roman antiquity. Late humanist classical scholars like Perizonius used the ancient genre of universal history or historia universalis to combine everything from the fall of Rome to the emergence of Renaissance Europe into a single continuous narrative. In so doing, Perizonius helped forge a via media between antiquity and modernity at a moment when self-identified “ancients” and “moderns” frequently engaged in conflict. Perizonius’s synthesis proved immensely influential to Enlightenment historiography and beyond. As argued here, universal history enabled Perizonius to craft an origin narrative of how nostra Europa or ‘our Europe’ purportedly became modern.
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Larat, Fabrice. "Present-ing the Past: Political Narratives on European History and the Justification of EU Integration." German Law Journal 6, no. 2 (2005): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200013638.
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“Die Geschichte ist Gegenstand einer Konstruktion, deren Ort nicht die homogene und leere Zeit sondern die von Jetztzeit erfüllte bildet.” wrote Walter Benjamin. “So war für Robespierre das antike Rom eine mit Jetztzeit geladene Vergangenheit, die er aus dem Kontinuum der Geschichte heraussprengte.” (“History is the subject of a construction whose site is not homogeneous, empty time, but time filled full by now-time. Thus, to Robespierre ancient Rome was a past charged with now-time, a past which he blasted out of the continuum of history.)
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Kotera, Atsushi. "GREAT WALL?: OVERCOMING THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN EURO-AMERICAN AND SINO-JAPANESE SINOLOGIES." International Journal of Asian Studies 6, no. 2 (2009): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591409000229.
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It is well known that the nations of Europe and North America take the lead in the majority of disciplines in the academic world today. In most fields, unless a scholarly work makes reference in some way or other to the findings of Euro-American research, it is not considered worthy of mention. It is not, however, so common for the accomplishments of Euro-American scholars to be taken up by Japanese and Chinese scholars working in the field of ancient Chinese history. Presumably one reason for this is that in East Asia, especially in Japan and China, there are long and rich traditions of scholarship on Chinese ancient history that reach back to premodern times. Yet to just what extent is the research of European and American scholars referenced in the introductory books and general surveys concerning ancient Chinese history that are published in Japan and China?
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Goodrum, Matthew. "Questioning Thunderstones and Arrowheads: The Problem of Recognizing and Interpreting Stone Artifacts in the Seventeenth Century." Early Science and Medicine 13, no. 5 (2008): 482–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338208x345759.
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AbstractFlint arrowheads, spearheads, and axe heads made by prehistoric Europeans were generally considered before the eighteenth century to be a naturally produced stone that formed in storm clouds and fell with lightning. These stones were called ceraunia, or thunderstones, and it was not until the sixteenth century that their status as a natural phenomenon was challenged. During the seventeenth century natural historians and antiquaries began to suggest that these ceraunia were not thunderstones but ancient human artifacts. I argue that natural history museums, European contact with the stone-tool using peoples in the New World, and the close relationship between natural history and antiquarianism were critical to this reinterpretation of ceraunia. Once these objects were recognized to be ancient artifacts they could be used to investigate the earliest periods of human history from sources other than texts.
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Saenko, Mikhail N. "History of the Semantics of the Proto-Slavic Lexemes *Edinŭ and *Samŭ." Slovene 6, no. 1 (2017): 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2017.6.1.2.
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According to one of the most well-founded hypotheses, in the Proto-Indo-European language *sem-, meant ‘unus,’ whereas *Hoi̯H- meant ‘solus.’ In this article arguments for and against this hypothesis are examined in detail. In Proto-Slavic the reverse distribution is observed: *samъ, indirectly originating from *sem-, meant ‘solus,’ whereas *edinъ, going back to *Hoi̯H-, meant ‘unus.’ This article is an at tempt to determine how *somHos (> *samъ) ‘idem’ in Proto-Slavic extended its meaning first to ‘ipse’ and then to ‘solus’ and to analyze exactly how it happened. Although for the Indo-European languages the reverse situation is more common (‘ipse’ acquires the meaning ‘idem’), a similar pattern for such a shift in meaning can be found in the history of Ancient Greek αὐτός.
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Ogot, Bethwell A. "Rereading the History and Historiography of Epistemic Domination and Resistance in Africa." African Studies Review 52, no. 1 (2009): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.0.0127.
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The process of narrating and interpreting the African past has long been an intellectual struggle against European assumptions and prejudices about the nature of time and history in Africa. As the historian David William Cohen states, “The major issue in the reconstruction of the African past is the question of how far voices exterior to Africa shape the presentation of Africa's past and present” (1985:198). Many historians, especially those without any background or training in African historiography, have assumed, incorrectly, that prior to European contact with Africa, indigenous “traditions” were ancient, permanent, and reproduced from generation to generation without change. This is the false image of cultural isolation and temporal stagnation that has been assiduously disseminated in many parts of the world.
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R Chambers, Crystal. "Discovering Higher Education Institutions before Solerno." Journal for the Study of Postsecondary and Tertiary Education 2 (2017): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3892.
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Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this manuscript is to bring communities of learners before Solerno, Bologna, and Paris from the margin to the center of history of higher education discourse. Background: Most history of higher education coursework in the global west begins with institutions of higher learning in western Europe – Solerno, Bologna, and Paris. However, this tradition discounts the histories of higher education particularly of institutions in the global east, which predate European models Methodology: The author brings these communities of learners from the margins to the center of higher education histories by way of historical overview. Contribution: In so doing, the author informs scholar instructors of ancient higher education from a more globalized perspective. Findings: The major finding of this work is that there is a history of higher education prior to the rise of institutions in the global west. Recommendations for Practitioners: From this work, history of higher education coursework in the global west should be adjusted to include acknowledgement as well as greater exploration of ancient higher education institutions as part of our collective global under-standing of the history of higher education. Future Research: This work more broadly identifies for open exploration of ancient higher education institutions.
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Brown, Stewart J. "William Robertson, Early Orientalism and the Historical Disquisition on India of 1791." Scottish Historical Review 88, no. 2 (2009): 289–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0036924109000870.
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In 1791, the celebrated Scottish historian, William Robertson, published his final work, An Historical Disquisition concerning the Knowledge which the Ancients had of India, in which he explored the commercial and cultural connections of India and the West from ancient times to the end of the fifteenth century. This article considers Robertson's Historical Disquisition within the contexts of the Scottish Enlightenment, the early British ‘orientalist’ movement, and the expansion of British dominion in India. It argues that while the work reflected the assumptions and approaches of the British orientalist school, Robertson – sensitive to criticisms that his previous History of America had been too dismissive of Amerindian cultures – went further than many orientalists in his positive portrayal of Indian culture and his opposition to an interventionist imperial policy. Indeed, the work was largely directed to preserving the ancient and sophisticated Indian civilisation from Western cultural imperialism. The article further suggests that Robertson's favourable view of what he perceived as monotheist beliefs underlying ‘classical’ Hinduism reveals much about his own religious attitudes as a clergyman and leader of the ‘moderate’ party in the Church of Scotland. His history of India would be under-valued in Britain (despite its large sales), in large part because his apology for Hinduism and his critique of Christian missions ran counter to the rising tide of the evangelical revival. However, it had a considerable role in promoting interest in India on the European continent, and it represented one of the more significant achievements of the late Scottish Enlightenment
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BOURKE, RICHARD. "DEMOCRACY AS IDEAL AND DEMOCRACY AS STRUGGLE." Modern Intellectual History 16, no. 02 (2017): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244317000452.
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Toward Democracy traces a remarkable journey across two continents. Its aim, as the subtitle indicates, is to chart “the struggle for self-rule” in European and American thought. Its scope and erudition are at once imposing and inspiring. Not only has the author mastered several historical literatures, he also demonstrates considerable knowledge of a range of primary materials spanning ancient, European and American history.
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de Jong, Irene J. F. "After Auerbach: Ancient Greek Literature as a Test Case of European Literary Historiography." European Review 22, no. 1 (2014): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798713000689.
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In the first chapter of his celebratedMimesis(1946) Auerbach discussed a specimen of Ancient Greek literature (Homer) both as the starting point of a European literary history of realism and as a comparandum to biblical storytelling. Both lines of approach have recently been given new impetuses. On the one hand there is Martin West'sThe East Face of Helicon,1which does not merely compare early Greek literature and Near Eastern literature but describes the former as largely a product of the latter. On the other hand there is the series Studies in ancient Greek narrative, edited by Irene J.F. de Jong, which describes the early development of – what will become quintessential – European storytelling devices in Ancient Greek literature. Both scholarly projects, independently, have put the same urgent question on the agenda: how exactly are we to evaluate resemblances between ancient Greek literature and contemporary Near Eastern literature and later European literature. Can we speak of some form of historical connection, i.e. one literature taking over devices and motifs from another literature, or should we rather think in terms of typological resemblances, i.e. of the same narrative universals being employed at different places and at different times? Or is there some middle way to be found in the recent cognitive turn of comparative literature? Despite the methodological problems involved, investigating the history of European literature is an extremely rewarding task. The project of Europe as an economical and political unity has at the moment reached a critical phase. Literary scholars can contribute to this issue by showing the cultural unity of Europe, a mission that is just as urgent as it was in 1946, when Auerbach published hisMimesis.
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Kostuch, Lucyna, Beata Wojciechowska, and Sylwia Konarska-Zimnicka. "Ancient and Medieval Animals and Self-recognition: Observations from Early European Sources." Early Science and Medicine 24, no. 2 (2019): 117–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-00242p01.
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Abstract This article presents the oldest European accounts that describe the reactions of animals to their own reflections on the surface of a body of water or in a mirror. The analysed sources will encompass Greco-Roman accounts, including the reception of these accounts in the Middle Ages. While this article belongs to the field of the history of science, it seeks to provide a historical commentary with insights from contemporary studies (the mirror test, MSR). The article presents surviving ancient and medieval accounts about particular animal species that describe their ability or inability to recognise a mirror reflection. The species discussed are the horse, mule, dog, birds (sparrow, partridge, rooster, quail, jackdaw, starling and pheasant), the monkey and tiger. Brief mention is also made of the sheep, pigeon, goose, parrot, raven and cat.
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Robin, William. "Traveling with “Ancient Music”." Journal of Musicology 32, no. 2 (2015): 246–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2015.32.2.246.
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In reforming psalmody in early nineteenth-century New England, participants in the so-called “Ancient Music” movement imported the solemnly refined hymn tunes and scientific rhetoric of Europe. This transatlantic exchange was in part the result of European travels by a generation of young members of the American socioeconomic and intellectual elite, such as Joseph Stevens Buckminster and John Pickering, whom scholars have not previously associated with hymnody reform. This study asserts that non-composers, particularly clergy and academics, played a crucial role in the “Ancient Music” movement, and offers a fuller picture of a little-examined but critical period in the history of American psalmody. Tracing the transatlantic voyages of figures like Buckminster and Pickering reveals that the actions and perspectives of active participants in the Atlantic world shaped “Ancient Music” reform and that hymnody reform was part of a broader project of cultural and intellectual uplift in New England.
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Jonker, Gerdien. "Naming the West." Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 1, no. 2 (2009): 34–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2009.010203.
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This article discusses the relationship between Europe and ancient Greece as narrated (or ignored) in a range of European history textbooks. It unravels the threads the narrative has followed since the eighteenth century, investigating the choices made in construing the narrative taught today. Which meanings were inherent in the terms “east” and “west” before they acquired the ideological coloring associating “east” with “barbarians” and “west” with the civilized world and “Europe”? The article opens up a new perspective on a complex past that was lost from view when perceptions of the ancient Greeks as guarantors of European values became entwined with the invention of the nation state.
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Renger, Almut-Barbara. "“From Aphrodite to Kuan Yin”." International Journal for the Study of New Religions 8, no. 2 (2018): 115–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ijsnr.37401.
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A recent development of the commercialization of New Age religiosity is the combination of ancient Asian traditions with elements of European history—even ancient mythography—and modern psychotherapy, on the assumption, increasingly prevalent since 1800, of a common origin of all religions. The original Asian methods and their religious and philosophical contexts are reinterpreted to make them compatible with the cognitive habits and needs of modern Western recipients, particularly as regards the contemporary ideals of health, beauty and youth.
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Veselova, Irina. "Ángel María Garibay (1892-1967): the analysis of Nahuati poetic texts as a contribution to Mexican historical science." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 5 (May 2020): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2020.5.34160.
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The subject of this research is scientific activity of the Mexican philologist and historian Ángel María Garibay (1892-1967), who dedicated his life to accumulation, translation and analysis of various types of texts written in the Nahuatl language during the pre-colonial period and Spanish colonization of the Americas. The goal consists in clarification of schoolar’s contribution to the development of Mexican historical science, namely the ancient history of Mexico. The article analyzes the key stages in scientific career of A. M. Garibay, as well as examines his major works. The persona of this scholar and his writings unfortunately did not receive due attention in the Russian Latin American Studies. The conclusion is made that the works of A. M. Garibay predetermined the vector of research in the area of culture of pre-Columbian period of Mexico for decades ahead. His outlook upon the history of pre-Columbian civilizations in a remarkable manner intertwines with the perception of ancient history of the region by Creole historians of the late XVIII century. Garibay alongside Creole historians analogizes the culture of ancient Mexicans with the cultures of European antiquity. This article can be valuable to national researchers dealing with Mexican historiography and Mexican history overall.
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Ruys, Juanita Feros. "An Alternative History of Medieval Empathy: The Scholastics and compassio." Emotions: History, Culture, Society 2, no. 2 (2018): 192–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2208522x-02010019.
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AbstractThis essay contributes to the alternative history of empathy by complicating the current state of scholarship placing the birthplace of modern Western empathy in the European Middle Ages. In counterpoint, the essay argues that there endured throughout the Middle Ages a suspicion of empathy as a feeling state and a prompt to right action. This position was inherited from the ancient Stoics and was particularly expressed by the medieval philosopher-theologians known as the Scholastics. In making this case, the essay focuses on the Medieval Latin term compassio and takes as its material the writings of Bonaventure, scholastic exegesis of the Christian foundation myths of the fall of humans and the evil angels, and scholastic analyses of almsgiving.
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Simkin, O. B. "P. J. Barber: Sievers’ Law and the History of Semivowel Syllabicity in Indo-European and Ancient Greek." Gnomon 89, no. 3 (2017): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/0017-1417-2017-3-193.
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Elezovic, D. M. "The role of Dmitry Kantemir’s writings for the Western educational historiography (a case study of the manuscript “The History of Turkey” of the 18th century)." Rusin, no. 63 (2021): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/63/3.
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The article uses a case study of the manuscript The History of Turkey written by an anonymous author in French in the 18th century and kept in the Bern City Library archives, to discuss West European writers’ evaluation of Dmitry Kantemir’s works. Dmitry Kantemir was not only a prominent political leader and diplomat, but also one of the most educated people in Eastern Europe of his time. When living in Constantinople, he attended a theological school, then studied history, philosophy, literature, art, theology, and ancient languages (he knew eight languages). Highly regarded in Russia, his writings attracted attention in the West and were used as sources by European historians. As an outstanding scientist and diplomat in Eastern Europe, Dmitry Kantemir earned the recognition of his Western European contemporaries as well as historians of later periods, who highly appreciated his works. This article analyses one historical plot, which has not been in the focus of scholarly studies so far: Kantemir’s History of the Growth and Decay of the Ottoman Empire is mentioned as one of the main sources in the manuscript The History of Turkey and repeatedly quoted there.
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Masatsugu, Michael K. "““Beyond This World of Transiency and Impermanence””: Japanese Americans, Dharma Bums, and the Making of American Buddhism during the Early Cold War Years." Pacific Historical Review 77, no. 3 (2008): 423–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2008.77.3.423.
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This article examines the growing interest in Buddhism in the United States during the Cold War, analyzing discussions and debates around the authenticity of various Buddhist teachings and practices that emerged in an interracial Buddhist study group and its related publications. Japanese American Buddhists had developed a modified form of Jōōdo Shinshūū devotional practice as a strategy for building ethnic community and countering racialization as religious and racial Others. The authenticity of these practices was challenged by European and European American scholars and artists, especially the Beats, who drew upon Orientalist representations of Buddhism as ancient, exotic, and mysterious. In response, Japanese American Buddhists crafted their own definition of ““tradition”” by drawing from institutional and devotional developments dating back to fourteenth-century Japan as well as more recent Japanese American history. The article contextualizes these debates within the broader discussion of cultural pluralism and race relations during the Cold War.
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Mrozewicz, Leszek. "Karl Christ i Rzym nieprzemijający…" Studia Europaea Gnesnensia, no. 11 (January 1, 2015): 261–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2015.11.13.
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Karl Christ belonged to the most eminent German historians of the ancient Rome of the latter half of the 20th century. He was particularly interested in the Roman Empire and its place in the European history. This was vividly reflected in his “Geschichte der römischen Kaiserzeit”, which had as many as six editions in Germany. The book conveys the conviction that the history of the Roman Empire constitutes a fundament of contemporary Europe, regardless of the assessment it received over the centuries, which was often very negative. Karl Christ believed that in our times, Roman Empire acquires a new meaning in view of the unification of Europe. Naturally enough, this engenders the question whether a similar process had taken place in the past, whether there is a model of unity and if so, whether it has a chance of being successful. It turns out that the Roman Empire, despite its weaknesses and drawbacks, can be the only point of reference, regardless of the ways in which Europe is “unified”. The observation is also applied in a broader perspective which extends beyond Europe. This is associated with the ongoing globalisation, which in its turn provokes questions about a similar phenomenon in the past, and almost automatically evokes the example of the Roman Empire. Therefore Christ decided to provide the reader with a comprehensive compendium of knowledge of the Roman Empire in a structural-dialectic approach, so as to facilitate the understanding of persistence of the ancient realm and its impact on European history, at the same time enabling one to arrive at its spiritual and cultural roots. Christ wished to acquaint the contemporary inhabitant of our continent with the dialectics of development of the Roman world, its structural evolution, internal social and cultural diffusion and finally the development of culture in all its manifestations. The historian believed that only in this fashion, i.e. not only through history of persons and events, based on sensational elements, can one appreciate the place of the Roman Empire in the developmental sequence of the European continent and its significance for the contemporary cultural shape of Europe. This is also reflected in Christ’s studies on the history of historiography, or the image of the history of ancient Rome and the specificity of the Roman Empire that had been created by various authors over the centuries. This is also where he undertook the effort to evaluate the positions assumed by German historians in the Nazi times and during the Communist era, in the German Democratic Republic. Nonetheless, the studies of history of historiography were only a means to an end, which was to promote the awareness of the importance of the Roman world, or Mediterranean civilisation as a whole, for the contemporary European culture as well as highlight its persisting influence. In Christ’s opinion, it is that “dialogue of a historian with history” which demonstrates to the fullest extent the dialectic bond between antiquity and the present day.słowa klucze
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Nevenic, Marija. "History of relations between Belgrade and the countries of South Eastern Europe." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 89, no. 2 (2009): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0902073n.
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In this paper is presented the development of relations and links between Belgrade and countries in a closer and wider regional surrounding. Noted is that the main directions of communication in the Balkans are shaped in the ancient time and that now, in a somewhat modified conditions, they remained the same, on the basis of which Belgrade during its long history has an important strategic, defensive, economic, trading, military and other development significance in the region. Also is highlighted a role of the current domestic and European initiatives and plans in the relations of Belgrade with the countries in the region after the Second World War, with emphasis on the present state and development perspectives.
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APOSTOLOPOULOU, Georgia. "From Ancient Greek Logos to European Rationality." wisdom 2, no. 7 (2016): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v2i7.144.
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Because of history, culture, and politics, European identity has its archetypical elements in ancient Greek culture. Ancient Greek philosophy brought Logos to fore and defined it as the crucial problem and the postulate of the human. We translate the Greek term Logos in English as reason or rationality. These terms, however, do not cover the semantic field of Logos since this includes, among other things, order of being, ground, language, argument etc. The juxtaposition of Logos (reason) to myth makes up the matrix of rationalism. Ancient Greek culture, however, was a culture of Logos (reason) as well as of myth and had enough room for forms, gods, and heroes, for science, poetry, and religious festivities. While ancient Greek culture seems to follow the logic of forms, modern European culture follows the logic of things.
 Plato criticizes myth and, at the same time, he sets out a philosophy of myth. He follows the principle of ‘giving reason’ (logon didonai) about things, as his master Socrates did. He establishes dialogue and defines dialectics as the science of principles and ideas and their relations to the things of this world. Aristotle did not accept Plato’s interpretation of Logos. He considered dialectics only as a theory of argumentation and defined his ‘first philosophy’ or ‘theology’ as the science of highest Being. His program of rationalism is based on ontology and accepts the primordial relation of Logos, life, and order of things.
 European modernity begins in philosophy with Descartes’ turn to the subject. Descartes defines the main elements of European rationality and their problems. He brings to fore the human subject as the ‘I’ that is free to doubt about everything it can know except itself. Knowledge has to consolidate the power and the mastery of humans over things and nature. Besides, the distinction between soul and body in terms of thinking thing and extended thing does not allow a unique conception of the human. Especially Kant and Hegel attempted to eliminate the impasses of Descartes’ and of Cartesians. While Kant defined freedom as the transcendental idea of reason, Hegel highlighted the reconciliation of spirit and nature.
 Nowadays there is a confusion regarding rationality. The power of humans over nature and over other humans as nature is increasing. We have lost the measure of our limits. Perhaps we need the ancient Greek grammar of Logos in order to define the measure and the limits of modern European rationality.
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Loney, Helen L. "Society and Technological Control: A Critical Review of Models of Technological Change in Ceramic Studies." American Antiquity 65, no. 4 (2000): 646–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694420.
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The use of evolution as either analogy or theory in ceramic change artificially imposes a view of technology that is directed. The use of progress has led to a tendency to equate technological change with technological improvement, as if change were unidirectional. This improvement is usually measured by modern standards of industrialization, such as increasing standardization, increasing speed of production, increasing quantity of production, and the overall increasing formality of the workshop. Within models that employ an evolutionary paradigm there is the implicit notion that: a) technology change, when it occurs, only occurs towards improvement; b) improvement occurs toward the most logical, efficient solution to a technological problem; and c) such a solution is rooted in fundamental scientific "truths" or "facts," which scientists or technicians "discover." Over the past twenty years, social scientists studying the development of modern technology and society have questioned the usefulness of evolution as a model for change. A critical appraisal of technologically determinist history of scientific discovery has found that important discoveries are frequently credited with fundamentally changing the course of history. The evidence of modern history and ethnography, however, shows that cultural values and embedded beliefs may be more powerful in selecting and directing developing technologies than any external factors. European archaeologists van der Leeuw, Petréquin, and Loney, among others, are now applying the findings of the techno-sociologists to the development of ancient pottery production. Their perspective on ancient technology takes into account personal choice as well as ecological resources and economic organization. The approach of European archaeologists permits the investigation of the varied trajectories of ancient ceramic technology without resorting to self-perpetuating, internally self-generating models of biological evolution.
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Гурская [Hurskaia], Юлия [IUliia]. "К истории формирования древних фамилий современного белорусского ареала". Acta Baltico-Slavica 34 (31 серпня 2015): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2010.003.
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To the history of the ancient family names format on of modern Belarus arealThe aim of the article is investigation of the ancient family names formation of the modern Belarus areal covering three aspects: areal topological, comparatively historical and lingua cultural.The Object Subject of the article is the etymological reconstruction of the anthroponymycal archetypes, cultural possibilities and modes of ancient family names conceptualization. We understand the term “ancient family names” as family naming in the XIV–XV centuries when this territory belong to the Great Principality of Lithuania. We attributed to the ancient family names’ nuclear composite and formed out of them short onomastic units that go back, regarding X. Krae, to the ancient European areal. Many anthroponymycal roots entering into the composition of ancient complex names are referred by investigators to the category of relict proper names.Methods of investigation is areal‑typological, comparatively‑historical and descriptive. Some methods of onomastic investigation such as etymological, structural and word‑formative analysis were also used.The scientific novelty of the investigation lies in the fact that we propose the concept of the ancient family names formation in Belarus areal in the context of the formation of the European anthroponymycal systems; singled out and systematize the corpus of ancient anthroponymycal and toponymycal lexemes of investigated areal and their etymological conceptual analysis was carried out.
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Aquino, Mariel. "“It Has a Way of Getting in Your Blood When You’re Basque”: Basque Sheepherders, Race, and Labor, 1880–1959." Western Historical Quarterly 50, no. 4 (2019): 391–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/whz071.
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Abstract Despite their small numbers, Basque sheepherders became prototypical figures in the history the American West, viewed as elusive, mysterious men hidden in high pastures tending their enormous herds for months at a time. Basques became so associated with herding that even when the Immigration Act of 1924 placed severe restrictions on the number of Spanish nationals who could immigrate, American herders lobbied for special legislation that would allow them to keep importing sheepherders from Spain. This article contends that this preference for Basque herders arose not from Basques’ particular expertise but from narratives of their ancient origins and racial distinctiveness. Both Basques and non-Basques developed constructions of Basqueness that emphasized the group’s non-“Latin” status, thus placing Basques in an advantageous position in the American ethnoracial hierarchy relative to other Southern European ethnic groups. These narratives allowed sheepherding to be racialized as a Basque profession and also underlined Basques’ European Indigeneity—an Indigeneity that was to some extent transferred to the American West.
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Strechie, Mădălina. "The Dacians, The Wolf Warriors." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 23, no. 2 (2017): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2017-0144.
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Abstract The Dacians, a very important Indo-European people of the ancient world, were, like all Indo-European peoples, highly trained in the art of war. The legends of the ancient world placed the worship of Ares/Mars, the god of war, in the world of the Thracians, the Dacians being the most important of the Thracians, by the creation of a state and by their remarkable civilization, where war generated rank. The Dacian leaders, military aristocrats, Tarabostes are similar to the Bharathi of the Aryans, therefore the accounts of Herodotus, the father of history, who called the Thracians (including the Dacians, the northern Thracians), “the most important of the Indo-Europeans, after the race of the Indians” (i.e. the Persians and the Aryans, their relatives), also have a military meaning. The totemic symbol of the wolf was much present in Europe, especially with Indo-European peoples, like the Spartans, the aristocrats of war, but mostly with the Romans, the gendarmes of the ancient world. But the Dacians honoured this majestic animal above all, not only as a symbol of the state, but also, apparently, as their eponym. As warriors, the Dacians lay under the sign of the wolf, their battle flag, and acted like real wolves against their enemies, whether they were Celts, during the reign of Burebista, or Romans, during the reign of Decebalus. The Dacians made history in the military art, being perfectly integrated, after the Roman conquest, in the largest and best trained army of the ancient world, the Roman army. Moreover, the wolf warriors, mastering the equestrian art, were a success in the special, though auxiliary troops of the famous equites singulares in the Roman army. If the Romans were the eagles of war, the Dacians were its wolves, these two symbols best illustrating the military art of all times.
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Rosser, Gervase, Mark Jenner, and Bill Luckin. "Review of periodical articles." Urban History 27, no. 1 (2000): 110–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800000171.
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One of the attractions of medieval urban history is the fact that major conceptual problems in the field continue to be debated. In a stimulating review article by J.H. Mundy, ’Philip Jones and the medieval Italian city-state‘, J. of European Economic History, 28 (1999), 185–200, one distinguished scholar is taxed for holding views now dismissed by some, but of which he is by no means a unique surviving representative. One of these views assumes a clear distinction between the antique city, supposedly a bureaucratic centre with limited economic functions, and the medieval city, as the home of industrious artisans and nascent capitalism. The image of the non-profit-making ancient town may be overly indebted to the nature of the literary sources and to the prevalent interests of classicists; but, although many would now agree that both the elements in the above equation need qualifying, a more focused comparison is presently lacking, and a fine book is still waiting to be written on the transition from the ancient world to the middle ages in urban history.
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Pedersen, Olaf. "Greek Astronomers and Their Neighbours." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 91 (1987): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100105871.
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In Europe it has been customary to regard the ancient Greeks as our intellectual ancestors. Greek science was seen as the fountainhead from which modern European science ultimately derived both its existence and its characteristic features. This was not a completely empty idea. Each time a modern astronomer mentions a planet, the perigee and apogee of its orbit, its periods and their various anomalies, he is using so many Greek words. Moreover, until about a hundred years ago the extant works of the Greeks were the earliest scientific texts known to European scholars so that Greek science acquired a unique position in the European mind,and that ancient Greek culture in general became ‘classical’ and thus an ideal model or pattern for civilization as such. In consequence, the traditional European History of Science became an account of how science arose among the Greeks, how it penetrated into other cultural areas, and how it was sometimes eclipsed and again reborn in one of the so-called ‘renaissances’ of which European historians are so fond to speak.
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Milin, Melita. "Ancient Greek mythology mediated by Latin culture: On Vlastimir Trajkovic’s arion and Zephyrus returns." Muzikologija, no. 12 (2012): 165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz120130008m.
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Vlastimir Trajkovic (b. 1947) is a prominent Serbian composer with a strong inclination towards subjects from ancient Greek mythology. Among his most important achievements may be counted Arion - le nuove musiche per chitarra ed archi (1979) and Zephyrus returns for flute, viola and piano (2003). Two important aspects of those works are discussed in the present article: 1. the line that connects them to ancient Greek culture via French Modernism (Debussy, Ravel, Messiaen) and Renaissance poetry and music (Petrarch, Caccini, Monteverdi); 2. modality, which has proved its vitality through long periods of the history of European music, beginning with ancient Greek modes, reaching its high point in the 16th century, and re-emerging at the beginning of the 20th century in different hybrid forms. Trajkovic is seen as a composer who has shaped his creative identity by exploring the rich musical heritage of the Latin European nations, especially the contributions of Debussy and Ravel.
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Blockmans, Wim, and Hilde De Weerdt. "The Diverging Legacies of Classical Empires in China and Europe." European Review 24, no. 2 (2016): 306–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798715000654.
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The memory of classical empires has been prominent in both Chinese and European history but it has had a different imprint in each culture. The Han territories were periodically reunified in part and were more consistently ruled as unified empires from the 13th century onwards. In medieval Western Europe the Carolingian and the Holy Roman empires boasted of being renewals of the glorious ancient models but they developed in a different environment, were no longer built on the Roman scale, and only borrowed selectively from the Roman repertoire. In this essay we examine how differences in power relationships, fiscal regimes, and territoriality help explain both the peripheral impact of the classical model in the European context and the enhanced prospects for it in Chinese history from the 12th century onwards.
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Sergent, Bernard. "Armen Y. Petrosyan, The Indo-European and Ancient Near Eastern Sources of the Armenian Epic. Myth and History." Revue de l'histoire des religions, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rhr.4193.
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van Beek, Lucien. "Sievers’ Law and the History of Semivowel Syllabicity in Indo-European and Ancient Greek, written by Barber, P." Mnemosyne 69, no. 1 (2016): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-12342103.
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Irschick, Regina, Claudia Siemon, and Erich Brenner. "The history of anatomical research of lymphatics — From the ancient times to the end of the European Renaissance." Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger 223 (May 2019): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2019.01.010.
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Lyons, Claire E. "An imperial harbinger: Sylvester O’Halloran’s General history (1778)." Irish Historical Studies 39, no. 155 (2015): 357–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2014.3.
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Abstract This article investigates the antiquarian response to the opportunity for Irish Catholic relief during the Anglo–American crisis and views Sylvester O’Halloran’s General history as an innovative attempt to initiate Irish Catholic participation in the British empire predicated on a historic and current fittingness. The London publication of the General history indicated that this work was directed at an audience outside of, as well as within, Ireland. An investigation of the subscription-list confirms that that audience consisted of members of Britain’s political élite and successful émigré Irishmen in the service of European Catholic powers. The narrative analysis, when compared with its principal sources, Keating’s seventeenth-century Foras feasa ar Éirinn and the twelfth-century Lebor gabála Érenn, shows that O’Halloran altered his source materials to construct an historical picture of a Milesian maritime empire. O’Halloran’s argument for Catholic inclusion in the British empire was twofold. He altered his source material to suggest an ancient parity with the contemporary British empire to demonstrate an Irish historical fittingness for an imperial role, while his subscription-list confirmed a current aptitude. This argument was directed at and partly endorsed by another section of the subscription-list, London’s political élite.