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Journal articles on the topic 'History from the middle'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Daniels, Roger, and Victor R. Greene. "Ethnic History from the Middle Up." Reviews in American History 16, no. 3 (1988): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2702275.

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Gerasimov, I., S. Glebov, A. Kaplunovski, M. Mogilner, and A. Semyonov. "From the Editors: Environmental History as Middle Ground." Ab Imperio 2008, no. 4 (2008): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/imp.2008.0012.

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3

Satia, Priya. "Drones: A History from the British Middle East." Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development 5, no. 1 (2014): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hum.2014.0002.

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Bang, Anne K. "From Middle Eastern to African to African Islamic history." Islamic Africa 7, no. 1 (2016): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21540993-00701004.

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Holmgren, Camille A., Julio L. Betancourt, Kate Aasen Rylander, et al. "Holocene Vegetation History from Fossil Rodent Middens near Arequipa, Peru." Quaternary Research 56, no. 2 (2001): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2001.2262.

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AbstractRodent (Abrocoma, Lagidium, Phyllotis) middens collected from 2350 to 2750 m elevation near Arequipa, Peru (16°S), provide an ∼9600-yr vegetation history of the northern Atacama Desert, based on identification of >50 species of plant macrofossils. These midden floras show considerable stability throughout the Holocene, with slightly more mesophytic plant assemblages in the middle Holocene. Unlike the southwestern United States, rodent middens of mid-Holocene age are common. In the Arequipa area, the midden record does not reflect any effects of a mid-Holocene mega drought proposed from the extreme lowstand (100 m below modern levels, >6000 to 3500 yr B.P.) of Lake Titicaca, only 200 km east of Arequipa. This is perhaps not surprising, given other evidence for wetter summers on the Pacific slope of the Andes during the middle Holocene as well as the poor correlation of summer rainfall among modern weather stations in the central Andes-Atacama Desert. The apparent difference in paleoclimatic reconstructions suggests that it is premature to relate changes observed during the Holocene to changes in El Niño Southern Oscillation modes.
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6

DE BLOIS, Fr. "The Middle-Persian Inscription from Constantinople." Studia Iranica 19, no. 2 (1990): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/si.19.2.2014455.

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Marcus, E. S. "The Middle Kingdom Egyptian Pottery from Middle Bronze Age IIa Tel Ifshar." Ägypten und Levante 18 (2009): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/aeundl18s203.

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8

Yusupova, Zare A. "Kurdish poets: from the history of Kurdish literary studies." Письменные памятники Востока 18, no. 1 (2021): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/wmo63137.

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The article presents an account of the history of Kurdish literary studies (based on sources available to the author). The literature, discussed in this work, covers the period from the late Middle ages to the middle of the 20th c. The article gives an extent survey of the researches on Kurdish literature which exists in various dialects. It also defines the tasks for the studies of the Kurdish literature.
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Amaral, A., I. Ferraz, and M. Mota. "A journey across perversions history – from Middle Age to DSM." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2186.

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IntroductionPsychiatry's viewpoint of sexual deviance has waved between the normal and the pathological. “Normal” is not determined by nature but by the values of a specific society.AimsTo review the main landmarks in paraphilias history and the importance of social and cultural dimensions to it.MethodsPubMed database was searched using the keywords perversion, sexual deviance, paraphilia, culture and society.ResultsThroughout Middle Age and Renaissance any sexual act that differed from the natural/divine law was considered a vice. Unnatural vices (masturbation, sodomy, bestiality) were the most severely punished, as they could not result in conception. In 1886, Krafft-Ebing stated perversions were functional diseases of the sexual instinct caused by “hereditary taintedness” in the family pedigree and worsened by excessive masturbation. Proper perversions were sadism, masochism, antipathic sexuality (homosexuality, transvestism, transsexuality) and fetishism. Later, Havelock Ellis and Hirschfeld claimed sexual interest in the population followed a statistical norm, opposed the idea that masturbation led to diseases and demanded the decriminalization of homosexuality. Freud believed the “perverse disposition” to be universal in the childhood giving rise to healthy and pathological adult behaviors. In 1950's, Albert Kinsey surprised America when he proved many supposedly deviant sexual practices were quite common. The first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (1952) was mainly psychoanalytic. Later, by 1973, homosexuality was removed from classifications. Recently, DSM-5 distinguishes between paraphilias and paraphilic disorders.ConclusionA progress in the paraphilic instincts’ acceptance has occurred. We hypothesize, in the future, paraphilias will follow homosexuality out of the diseases’ classifications.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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10

Eum, Ikran. "Family History in the Middle East." American Journal of Islam and Society 21, no. 4 (2004): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v21i4.1760.

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The study of families and their histories opens up a cross-disciplinary dialogueamong anthropologists, historians, and other social scientists, includingarea specialists. The content of Doumani’s edited book, Family Historyin the Middle East: Household, Property, and Gender, falls convincinglyinto such disciplines as history, anthropology, Middle East studies,women’s/gender studies, and Islamic studies, since the collection of articlesprovides various indepth case studies drawn both from Islam and frompolitical, economic, legal, and social perspectives.The anthology’s main theme suggests that the family is an entity that,along with the progression of history, evolves continuously. By reconstructingthe family histories of elites and ordinary people in the Middle East fromthe seventeenth to the early twentieth century, the book challenges prevailingassumptions about the monolithic “traditional” Middle Eastern familytype. Instead, it argues cogently that the structure and boundaries of thesefamilies have always been flexible and dynamic.The book is divided into four sections that explore issues concerningthe family from the perspective of politics, economics, and law. In the firstsection, “Family and Household,” Philippe Fargues, Tomoki Okawara, andMary Ann Fay analyze the structure of the nineteenth-century family andhousehold and illustrate how its formation was influenced by changes in the ...
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11

Hammad, Hanan. "Daily Encounters That Make History: History from Below and Archival Collaboration." International Journal of Middle East Studies 53, no. 1 (2021): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743821000076.

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What does a casual confrontation in a rundown shack between a landlady and her factory-worker tenant tell us about the history of gender and class relations in modern Egypt? Could a lost watch in a red-light district in the middle of the Nile Delta complicate our understanding of the history of sexuality and urbanization? Can an unexpectedly intimate embrace on a sleeping mat illuminate a link in the history of class, gender, and urbanization in modern Egypt?
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DE CARVALHO, MARIA DA GLORIA PIRES, and JOHN MOODY. "A Middle Devonian Trilobite Assemblage from Venezuela." American Museum Novitates 3292 (March 2000): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2000)292<0001:amdtaf>2.0.co;2.

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13

Weiss, Max. "Left Out: Notes from the Struggle over Middle East Intellectual History." International Journal of Middle East Studies 51, no. 2 (2019): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743819000072.

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14

Collette, Jared P., and Suzanne H. Jones. "Empathic concern and perspective taking: a tale from middle school history." Social Studies Research and Practice 15, no. 2 (2020): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssrp-04-2020-0014.

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PurposeThis empirical quantitative research study aimed to test whether historical texts could activate empathic concern and perspective taking in a US History classroom with adolescent students.Design/methodology/approachEighth-grade participants (n = 227) were randomly assigned to read either a historical narrative text or a collection of primary documents, then participants self-reported a range of emotions and wrote a paragraph that was assessed for historical perspective taking.FindingsResults indicated that for students randomly assigned to read the narrative text, empathic concern or compassion, was associated with higher historical perspective taking, even after controlling for literacy ability.Research limitations/implicationsAll participants attended a single predominantly. White upper middle class middle school, and read either one narrative text or one collection of primary documents. Findings cannot be generalized to all students or all texts. The study design did not assess for a causal relationship of empathic concern and historical perspective taking.Practical implicationsThis study demonstrates that empathic concern, when activated through a certain narrative text, can be associated with greater achievement on cognitive academic tasks such as writing a paragraph assessed for historical perspective taking. Furthermore, this study provides evidence that empathic concern should be a target emotion for students rather than a similar emotional experience as the person they are empathizing with.Originality/valueAdolescents today appear to have lower levels of empathy than in the past. Empathy may be crucial for moral behavior. Research indicates that historical texts could potentially provide effective empathic interventions for adolescents. However, there are no published empirical quantitative research studies related to activating empathy for adolescents through literacy in a history classroom.
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15

Minkin, Shane. "History from Six-feet Below: Death Studies and the Field of Modern Middle East History." History Compass 11, no. 8 (2013): 632–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12067.

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16

Rahe, Paul A. "From Mesopotamia to Iraq: Historical Perspectives on the Middle East." Journal of the Historical Society 7, no. 2 (2007): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5923.2007.00212.x.

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17

Black, J. "Transcultural Wars from the Middle Ages to the 21st Century." English Historical Review CXXII, no. 496 (2007): 576–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cem087.

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18

Hardy, Bruce L., Rudolf A. Raff, and Venu Raman. "Recovery of Mammalian DNA from Middle Paleolithic Stone Tools." Journal of Archaeological Science 24, no. 7 (1997): 601–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1996.0144.

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19

Rosenfeld, Amnon, Shimon Ilani, and Michael Dvorachek. "Bronze Alloys from Canaan During the Middle Bronze Age." Journal of Archaeological Science 24, no. 9 (1997): 857–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1997.0165.

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20

Culy, Christopher, and Sarah M. B. Fagan. "The history of the middle in Dogon." Studies in African Linguistics 30, no. 2 (2001): 171–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v30i2.107357.

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Donno So, a Dogon language of Mali, has a class of verbs (C3) that exhibits an interesting set of formal and semantic properties. The verbs in this class have different derivational histories; they also have various typs of meaning (middle; middle-related; non-middle). Although C3 verbs cannot be unified derivationally or semantically, they can all be defined both paradigmatically and in terms of phonotactic constraints, like the other two verb classes in Donno So. Comparison with other Dogon languages shows how the middle evolved in Dogon and how Donno So C3 verbs in turn evolved from the middle. These results expand Kemmer's [1993] discussion of the processes invoved in the evolution of middle systems. The comparison also provides some hypotheses about the history of Dogon.
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21

Villa, Paola, Anne Delagnes, and Lyn Wadley. "A late Middle Stone Age artifact assemblage from Sibudu (KwaZulu-Natal): comparisons with the European Middle Paleolithic." Journal of Archaeological Science 32, no. 3 (2005): 399–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2004.11.007.

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22

Gjerde, Jon. "From Peasants to Farmers. The Migration from Balestrand, Norway, to the Upper Middle West." American Studies in Scandinavia 20, no. 1 (1988): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v20i1.2685.

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23

Wiley, Norbert. "History of the Self: From Primates to Present." Sociological Perspectives 37, no. 4 (1994): 527–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389278.

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The article begins with a semiotic theory of how human selves emerged from the primates. It then follows the history of the self from classical Greece, throught the Christian Middle Ages, to early industrialization (as seen by Durkheim) and later industrialization (as seen by Weber). The story is largely an implicit struggle between self and society for what might be called the steering power, or “cybernetic control,” of life.
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24

Samin, Nadav. "Situating Tribes in History: Lessons from the Archives and the Social Sciences." International Journal of Middle East Studies 53, no. 3 (2021): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743821000751.

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The tribe presents a problem for the historian of the modern Middle East, particularly one interested in personalities, subtleties of culture and society, and other such “useless” things. By and large, tribes did not leave their own written records. The tribal author is a phenomenon of the present or the recent past. There are few twentieth century tribal figures comparable to the urban personalities to whose writings and influence we owe our understanding of the social, intellectual, and political history of the modern Middle East. There is next a larger problem of record keeping to contend with: the almost complete inaccessibility of official records on the postcolonial Middle East. It is no wonder that political scientists and anthropologists are among the best regarded custodians of the region's twentieth century history; they know how to make creative and often eloquent use of drastically limited tools. For many decades, suspicious governments have inhibited historians from carrying out the duties of their vocation. This is one reason why the many rich and original new monographs on Saddam Hussein's Iraq are so important. If tribes are on the margins of the records, and the records themselves are off limits, then one might imagine why modern Middle Eastern tribes are so poorly conceived in the scholarly imagination.
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25

La Greca, María Inés. "The Future of Philosophy of History from its Narrativist Past." Journal of the Philosophy of History 8, no. 2 (2014): 196–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18722636-12341271.

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Hayden White inaugurated narrativism in philosophy of history when he effected a productive displacement of earlier epistemological discussions around the relationship between narration and historical knowledge: White identified the problem of narrative in history with the problem of the use of figurative language in the representation of the past. Thus, he enabled a new way of thinking philosophy of history’s object of study by paying attention to an aspect of historical practice he considered wrongly overlooked: the writing of history. His formal theory of the historical work needs no introduction. Instead, this paper aims at reclaiming the fundamental philosophical legacy White has left us in his latest work on middle voice writing. First, I will frame White’s thought as a response to what I call the paradoxical nature of historical narrative, as Louis Mink and Roland Barthes understand it. By presenting our narrativist past as White’s ironical and liberating stance on historical narrative, I will show how he identified figuration as the paradoxical resource and constrain of historical writing. Secondly, I will elaborate on his latest inquiries into middle voice writing as pointing the way into the future of philosophy of history. Thus, I will claim that the notion of middle voice writing that White adopted from Roland Barthes should be read from the point of view of performativity theory in order to reassess the philosophical nature of historical writing now considered as the performative self-constitution of the historical subject.
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Di Liberto, Nicholas. "A HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE EAST: FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE PRESENT DAY." Levantine Review 2, no. 2 (2013): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/lev.v2i2.5374.

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27

Ovendale, R. "A Road to Damascus: Mainly Diplomatic Memoirs from the Middle East." English Historical Review 117, no. 470 (2002): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/117.470.236.

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Abu-Jaber, Nizar, and Ziad al Saa'd. "Petrology of Middle Islamic Pottery from Khirbat Faris, Jordan." Levant 32, no. 1 (2000): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/lev.2000.32.1.179.

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Whaley, Mark. "A middle Indo-Aryan inscription from China." Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 62, no. 4 (2009): 413–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aorient.62.2009.4.5.

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30

Rodriguez, Shalyn. "Learning from Historical Documents: A Federal Genealogical Resources Workshop for Middle Schoolers." DttP: Documents to the People 45, no. 4 (2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v45i4.6567.

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Much of what makes up family history is first account information from family members. However, the federal government produces a plethora of genealogical documents that can be accessed on a number of government sources to help with researching family history. The tricky part can be finding government sources that are accessible at a middle school level. For this assignment, a workshop will be provided to teach middle school students how to find and utilize government resources while researching their family history for a school project.
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Petrochenkov, E. V., and V. V. Rostovskaya. "HISTORY OF VARICOCELE SURGERY." Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care 8, no. 4 (2019): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30946/2219-4061-2018-8-4-88-96.

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The review describes the history of varicocele treatment development from ancient times to the present day; from the frst mentioning of the disease by early Greeks (works by Celsus and Galen), surgeries of middle-age surgeons until the prime of modern varicocele surgery. In the middle and at the end of the XX century the understanding of this disease and methods of its therapy underwent significant changes. Many methods of varicocele surgery failed to stand the test of time and are of historical interest only. Other methods formed the basis for modern varicocele surgery and promote effective treatment with minimum risk for complications and recurrence.
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Marafie, Makia J., Rabea Al-Temaimi, Andre Megarbane, and Fahd Al-Mulla. "Germline mutations in early-onset or hereditary breast cancer from the Middle East." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 28_suppl (2015): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.28_suppl.20.

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20 Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women of Middle Eastern origin. Epidemiologically, breast cancer in the Middle East clusters in families and usually affects women a decade younger than Western women. This dilemma is compounded by the lack of curated databases and ambitious studies that address the roles genetic or genomic may play in breast cancer. Methods: We have exome sequenced 60 Middle Eastern women with moderate and strong family history of cancer or young women without significant family history of cancer. DNA extracted from peripheral blood of patients and matching normal Middle Eastern women without history of familial or sporadic cancers, were subjected to whole-exome sequencing using the HiSeq 2500 Illumina platform and MLPA to map major breast cancer–activating genetic defects. Results: Several novel BRCA1/2 mutations were identified in the minority of these women. However, other complex mutations in non-BRCA1/2 genes appear to play a more subtle role in breast cancer in the Middle Eastern women. Germline mutations in TP-53, BARD1 and mismatch repair genes were more frequent than expected by chance. Conclusions: BRCA1/2 gene mutations are not a significant cause of heritable cancers in the Middle East. The region may benefit from a well-curated region-specific database accessible to clinicians and scientists where clinical and variants information can be deposited from all over the Middle East.
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Rybatzki, Volker. "Vocabularies from the middle of the 20th century from Afghanistan." Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 66, no. 3 (2013): 297–348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aorient.66.2013.3.4.

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Rybatzki, Volker. "Vocabularies from the middle of the 20th century from Afghanistan." Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 66, no. 4 (2013): 443–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aorient.66.2013.4.6.

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Mackenzie, A. F., and Volker Rybatzki. "Vocabularies from the middle of the 20th century from Afghanistan." Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 70, no. 4 (2017): 431–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/062.2017.70.4.5.

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Skardal, Dorothy Burton, and Jon Gjerde. "From Peasants to Farmers: The Migration from Balestrand, Norway, to the Upper Middle West." Journal of American History 72, no. 4 (1986): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1908949.

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Bodnar, John, and Jon Gjerde. "From Peasants to Farmers: The Migration from Balestrand, Norway, to the Upper Middle West." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 17, no. 2 (1986): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/204807.

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Carroll, Berenice, and Peter Brock. "Freedom from Violence: Sectarian Nonresistance from the Middle Ages to the Great War." American Historical Review 98, no. 1 (1993): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2166402.

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Hakim-Dowek, Leslie. "She Came from Kasaba." Memory Studies 12, no. 5 (2019): 582–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698019870711.

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As in Marianne Hirsch’s (2008) notion of ‘devoir de memoire’, this poem-piece, from a new series, uses the role of creation and imagination to strive to ‘re-activate and re-embody’ distant family/historical transcultural spaces and memories within the perspective of a dispersed history of a Middle-Eastern minority, the Sephardi/Jewish community. There is little awareness that Sephardi/Jewish communities were an integral part of the Middle East and North Africa for many centuries before they were driven out of their homes in the second half of the twentieth century. Using a multi-modal approach combining photography and poetry, this photo-poem series has for focus my female lineage. This piece evokes in particular the memory of my grandmother, encapsulating many points in history where persecution and displacement occurred across many social, political and linguistic borders.
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CLARKE, G. W. "Syriac Inscriptions from the Middle Euphrates." Ancient Near Eastern Studies 23 (January 1, 1985): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/anes.23.0.2012537.

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ADAMTHWAITE, Murray R. "New Texts from the Middle Euphrates." Ancient Near Eastern Studies 32 (January 1, 1994): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/anes.32.0.525739.

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Enríquez Navascués, Juan Javier. "Nuevos ídolos antropomorfos calcolíticos de la cuenca media del Guadiana." SPAL. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla, no. 9 (2000): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/spal.2000.i9.19.

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Sabet, Amr G. E. "A History of the Modern Middle East, 4th ed." American Journal of Islam and Society 27, no. 1 (2010): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v27i1.1351.

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This extensive and lucid book provides a laudable introduction to the politicalhistory of the Middle East, tracing its development from Islam’s rise inthe seventh century to the recent direct American military involvement inIraq and Afghanistan. While the opening chapters start with Islam’s “rise andexpansion,” however, the book’s main chronological focus centers on thelate eighteenth century onward. This only adds to its current status. The geographicalarea covered is from Egypt to Iran, and from Turkey to the ArabianPeninsula. Some omission, however, was necessary (e.g., western NorthAfrica, Sudan, and Afghanistan) in order to keep the book manageable (p.xiii). While extensiveness and generality frequently lead to unavoidable simplificationand superficiality, this book nevertheless contains an insightfulanalysis of the continuum of events and transformations that have helpedshape the region’s history and geography. The authors are to be praised fortheir grasp and clear conceptualization of core issues, as well as for theireffort to maintain a good measure of narrative neutrality and thus eschewingthe usual prejudices and biases ...
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Bertaina, David. "Christians in Medieval Shī‘ī Historiography: From Legend to History." Medieval Encounters 19, no. 4 (2013): 379–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342144.

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Abstract Over the course of the early medieval period, Shī‘ī authors collected historical reports of conversations with Christians and included them in their compilations. Beginning as legendary accounts transmitted via oral tradition, the reports and stories of imams were later compiled in “historical” collections as a way to promote the Shī‘ī historiographical tradition. Utilizing motifs from the Qur’an as well as their own interpretive traditions, medieval Shī‘ī writers collected, adapted, and/or composed these encounters in order to connect past leaders with the historical vision of their community. The texts were also a method for shaping Shī‘ī communal identity within the religiously plural society of the early Islamic Middle East. This article uses examples from some dialogues with Christian participants to illustrate these key features. Some texts promoted Shī‘ī historical claims about the imams by producing hagiographical memories of the past for contemporary communities. Other reports utilized polemical strategies of biblical polemics and dialectical reasoning to construct Islamic historiographies of Christianity. It appears that most Shī‘ī historical reports about Christian figures were not interested in contrasting Shī‘ī faith with Christianity, but sought rather to highlight Shī‘ī concepts of prophetic succession, legitimate authority, and authentic community against Sunnī historical views. While this feature appears to be the consensus among the reports, some dialogues may reflect real religious encounters. In sum, the historical reports made use of Christian figures and beliefs as a vehicle for Shī‘ī historical and theological projects in the medieval Middle East.
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Genz, Hermann. "A Middle Bronze Age Burial from Tell Fadous-Kfarabida, Lebanon." Ägypten und Levante 20 (2011): 183–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/aeundl20s183.

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Long, A. A., and Marcia L. Colish. "The Stoic Tradition from Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages." American Historical Review 92, no. 5 (1987): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1868508.

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Hunter, Erica C. D. "Syriac inscriptions From a Melkite monastery on the Middle Euphrates." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 52, no. 1 (1989): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00023028.

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During a survey of the Djebel Khaled area, in conjunction with the excavation of the nearby Bronze Age site of El Qitar, Professor Graeme Clarke discovered two Syriac inscriptions on the wall of a small, vaulted tomb- chamber. Tracings were made and these, together with photographs of both the inscriptions and the sepulchre, were sent to me so that I might translate their contents and offer accompanying comments. In the meantime, Professor Clarke has published his valuable description of the Djebel Khaled area and its necropolis, including the tomb-chamber.1 Furthermore, Professor Takamitsu Muraoka has offered a tentative reading of the two Syriac inscriptions.2
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48

Totelin, L. "Hospitals and Healing from Antiquity to the Later Middle Ages." Social History of Medicine 22, no. 1 (2008): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkn114.

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49

Tebbe, Jason. "From Memory to Research: German Popular Genealogy in the Early Twentieth Century." Central European History 41, no. 2 (2008): 205–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938908000319.

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Today genealogy enjoys a wide range of enthusiastic practitioners, and almost every extended family has a self-appointed family historian. Along with professional historians, genealogists are ubiquitous at archives both in Germany and the United States. Of course this was not always so; until about one hundred years ago genealogy was the almost exclusive purview of nobles and aristocrats who had rather immediate concerns driving their inquiries into their families' pasts. That changed around 1900 in Germany, when in the words of a “how-to” guide for amateur researchers written in 1920, genealogy underwent a transformation from a “nobleman's sport” to a bourgeois “science.” This meant that, “today the middle class constitutes four fifths, nay nine tenths, of the biggest genealogical societies.” According to the growing corpus of genealogical literature, the middle class had marked family research with superior values and a greater dedication to truth and knowledge. Beyond the rhetoric, the bourgeois acceptance of genealogy altered the ways that middle-class families saw and remembered the past.
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50

Tite, M. S., S. Wolf, and R. B. Mason. "The technological development of stonepaste ceramics from the Islamic Middle East." Journal of Archaeological Science 38, no. 3 (2011): 570–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2010.10.011.

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