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1
Hall, Linda B. "Latin American and Caribbean Foreign Policy." Hispanic American Historical Review 85, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 548–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-85-3-548.
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Guy, Donna J. "Future Directions in Latin American Gender History." Americas 51, no. 1 (July 1994): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1008353.
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I want to take this opportunity to thank Eric Van Young for inviting me to give this speech today. It is a great honor and a pleasure to have the opportunity to share with you some of my thoughts concerning the development of gender studies in Latin American history as well as the issues that need to be addressed in future years. When I first became interested in gender history in the 1970s, it seemed unlikely that journals such as Luso-Brazilian Studies would ever dedicate an entire issue to women's studies. Yet this year there is such an issue. It helps us appreciate how accepted gender studies have become for Latin American historians.
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French, John D. "The Latin American Labor Studies Boom." International Review of Social History 45, no. 2 (August 2000): 279–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000000146.
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The contemporary North Atlantic world has been marked by a waning enthusiasm for and salience of the study of workers. Yet the current ebb “in the traditional capitalist ‘core’ countries” (not to mention eastern Europe), Marcel van der Linden recently suggested, is far from being a “crisis” in the field of labor history as such. Rather, it is best understood as “only a regional phenomenon” since in much of “the so-called Third World, especially in the countries of the industrializing semi-periphery, interest in the history of labor and proletarian protest is growing steadily”. Citing encouraging recent developments in labor history in Asia, he noted how the field has grown in parallel with “the stormy conquest of economic sectors by the world market [which] has led to a rapid expansion of the number of waged workers, and the emergence of new radical trade unions”. Van der Linden's description fits well the study of labor in Latin America and the Caribbean, where the field first gained visibility in the early to mid-1980s and has now won recognition as an established specialization among scholars of many disciplines. After surveying the Latin American boom and its political context, this article offers a Brazilian/North Atlantic example in order to illustrate the intellectual gains, for students of both areas, that come with the transcendence of geographical parochialism.
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Domínguez, Daisy. "At the Intersection of Animal and Area Studies." Humanimalia 8, no. 1 (September 22, 2016): 66–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52537/humanimalia.9655.
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This essay discusses how Animal Studies scholarship in Latin American and Caribbean history relates to the wider scholarship in this emerging field. It identifies and explores general themes in recent scholarship and provides pointers for librarians interested in developing collections that will promote this burgeoning field.
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Susan M. Deeds. "Gender, Ethnicity, and Agency in Latin American History." Journal of Women's History 20, no. 4 (2008): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.0.0051.
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Bretones Lane, Fernanda. "Afro-Latin America: A Special Teaching and Research Collection of The Americas." Americas 75, S1 (April 2018): S6—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2017.178.
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In his introduction to a special issue of The Americas in 2006, Ben Vinson III noted how easily the history of Latin America had been dissociated from that of the African Diaspora. “When looking at the broad trajectory of historical writings on Latin America outside of the Caribbean and Brazil, it has long been possible to do Latin American history without referencing blackness or the African Diaspora.” A decade later, it is safe to say that the tables have turned. What were before scattered efforts to recognize black individuals' contributions to the history, culture, economy, and political developments of the region as a whole have evolved into a growing field meriting its own name: Afro-Latin American Studies. Born of the cross-pollination of scholarly debates that were previously disparate, the field of Afro-Latin American Studies has grown and developed in response to the rise of Black Studies and in connection to new realities in countries where Afro-descendants have pushed for social and economic equality.
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Schutte, Ofelia. "Engaging Latin American Feminisms Today: Methods, Theory, Practice." Hypatia 26, no. 4 (2011): 783–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2011.01200.x.
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This paper articulates a methodological strategy for creating a “conceptual home” whose aim is the enabling and promotion of Latin American feminist philosophy in the context of Latin American feminist theory's concern for the relationship between theory and practice. The author argues that philosophy as a discipline is still too compromised by masculine‐dominant, Anglocentric, and Eurocentric ways of representing knowledge such that discursive and ideological impediments make it difficult to conceive and develop ways of feminist theorizing that arise from an interpellation of the philosopher by the Latin American conditions affecting her social and cultural life. The author offers a fourfold approach to grounding knowledge, based on the principles of pursuing a critical approach to knowledge, a concern for the relationship of theory and practice, an orientation toward progressive political projects of freedom and liberation in the context of Latin American history and politics, and a transformative politics of culture. It is argued that through such specific methodological concerns, Latin American feminist philosophy can attain a distinct identity and stop depending for its articulation on paradigms of knowledge whose premises are not necessarily best attuned to understand the issues it must confront in its sociocultural practice.
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Dingeman, Katie, Yekaterina Arzhayev, Cristy Ayala, Erika Bermudez, Lauren Padama, and Liliana Tena-Chávez. "Neglected, Protected, Ejected: Latin American Women Caught by Crimmigration." Feminist Criminology 12, no. 3 (February 5, 2017): 293–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085117691354.
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The United States deported 24,870 women in 2013, mostly to Latin America. We examine life history interviews with Mexican and Central American women who were apprehended, detained, and experienced different outcomes. We find that norms of the “crimmigration era” override humanitarian concerns, such that the state treats migrants as criminals first and as persons with claims for relief second. Removal and relief decisions appear less dependent on eligibility than geography, access to legal aid, and public support. Women’s experiences parallel men’s but are often worsened by their gendered statuses. Far from passively accepting the violence of crimmigration, women resist through discourse and activism.
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Martínez, Katynka Z. "American Idols with Caribbean Soul: Cubanidad and the Latin Grammys." Latino Studies 4, no. 4 (December 2006): 381–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.lst.8600222.
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Campbell, A. E., and Richard H. Collin. "Theodore Roosevelt's Caribbean: The Panama Canal, the Monroe Doctrine, and the Latin American Context." Hispanic American Historical Review 71, no. 3 (August 1991): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2515938.
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Campbell, A. E. "Theodore Roosevelt’s Caribbean: The Panama Canal, the Monroe Doctrine, and the Latin American Context." Hispanic American Historical Review 71, no. 3 (August 1, 1991): 667–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-71.3.667.
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Chinea, Jorge L. "Race, Colonial Exploitation and West Indian Immigration in Nineteenth-Century Puerto Rico, 1800-1850." Americas 52, no. 4 (April 1996): 495–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1008475.
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“Unlike some Latin American mainland societies which still contain large numbers of indigenous peoples,” Jorge Duany observed, “Caribbean societies are immigrant societies almost from the moment of their conception.” Médéric-Louis-Élie Moreau de Saint- Méry likened the latter to “shapeless mixtures subject to diverse influences.” Their population, Dawn I. Marshall reminds us, “is to a large extent the result of immigration—from initial settlement, forced immigration during slavery, indentured immigration, to the present outward movement to metropolitan countries.” Throughout their history, David Lowenthal noted, limited resources and opportunities kept West Indian societies in a constant state of flux, impelling continuous transfers of people, technology, and institutions within the area. Despite the frequency and importance of these population movements, the bulk of scholarship on American migration history has traditionally concentrated on areas favored by European settlement. Moreover, the overwhelming quantity of research on immigration to the United States, Canada, Argentina, and Brazil has tended to overshadow the study of similar processes in other American regions. Due to its historical association with the arrival of involuntary settlers, migratory currents in the Caribbean have been too narrowly identified with bondage, penal labor and indentured workers. Nowhere is the imbalance more conspicuous than in the study of trans-Caribbean migratory streams during slavery. Discussions on pre-1838 population shifts have centered largely on inter-island slave trading and the exodus prompted by Franco-Haitian revolutionary activity in the Caribbean. The parallel legacy of motion hinted by Neville N.A.T. Hall's “maritime” maroons and Julius S. Scott's “masterless” migrants has attracted noticeably less attention.
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Pappademos, Melina. "Romancing the Stone: Academe’s Illusive Template for African Diaspora Studies." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 24, no. 2 (1996): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700502364.
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I began graduate school in 1994 to study the history of American peoples of African descent; I saw important similarities between their cultures and their resistance struggles and sought to develop a comparative project. However, as I began casting my long term research plan— which was to compare Afro-Cubans and Afro-North Americans—I discovered and uncovered many stumbling blocks. The primary one was that academe grouped African descended people by their European and colonially derived relationships (ex: North America, Latin America, South America, and the Caribbean) and not by their Black derived positions. I may have been naive but this seemed problematic to me.
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Garcia, Agnaldo, Júlia Sursis Nobre Ferro Bucher-Maluschke, Daniela Marisol Pérez-Angarita, Yushiara Emily Vargas-Velez, and Fábio Nogueira Pereira. "Couple and family relationships in Latin American social comparative studies." Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 10, no. 2 (December 23, 2016): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v10i2.259.
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Couple and family relationships have changed in different aspects in the recent history of Latin America. This paper reviewed comparative studies on couple and family relationships in Latin America published between 2001 and 2015. These studies used data from different countries. The contents analyzed in these investigations were divided in five main themes: (a) family size, structure and diversity; (b) couple and family internal dynamics, including couple and family formation and dissolution, gender and social roles, social care and protection, and couple and family violence; (c) couple, family and health; (d) couple, family and education; and, (e) couple, family and economy. Although comparative studies in Latin America are based mainly on data from national censuses and have a demographic approach, the comparative perspective is proposed as an important mean for the integration of diverse disciplines and the development of international cooperation in studies about couple and family in Latin America. Macro and micro perspectives, as well as quantitative and qualitative data, may complement each other and contribute to a more integrated knowledge about couple and family relationships in the region. Couple and family internal structure and dynamics are related to Latin American society and culture in diverse ways. Some possibilities and suggestions for future investigations are also presented.
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REDCLIFT, NANNEKE. "Re-reading gender: comparative questions, situated meanings, Latin American paradoxes." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 66, no. 3 (October 2003): 486–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x0300034x.
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The applicability of Western concepts to an understanding of gender in other cultural settings has become increasingly problematic. We need to elicit an understanding of how particular societies define sexual difference, and derive locally grounded ideas of self and the materiality of the body as a starting point for analysis. This paper examines some of the wider implications of this view for notions of cultural context and comparison. Its ethnographic examples come from Latin America. They build on the regional interest in spiritual and symbolic forms as ‘scripts’ for gender identifications, exploring the diverse ways in which idealizations, images and icons are read in ways that encompass both ‘local’ and ‘non-local’ narratives. However, the discussion aims to be relevant beyond this geographical location, suggesting that both secular and sacred discourses appear to work at a number of different, sometimes contradictory, levels, often drawing together transcultural notions of being, and generating a field of meaning in which gender, value and morality are constituted.
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Hendrickson, Embert J. "Root’s Watchful Waiting and the Venezuelan Controversy." Americas 23, no. 2 (April 2004): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/980579.
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Elihu Root, Secretary of State from 1905 to 1909 under President Theodore Roosevelt, ranks as one of the most successful secretaries in dealing with Latin America before the coming of the Good Neighbor policy. His approach, the product of a practical statesman in a period of growing reaction to diplomatic adventure, concerned the means rather than the ends of inter-American relations. While the Secretary did not renounce the role of hemispheric policeman proclaimed by President Roosevelt in 1904, he did attempt to stress the benevolent character of America’s Caribbean interests and to sub-ordinate the policing aspect. Root held a special concern for Latin America and labored assiduously to improve relations and to promote the solidarity of the Western Hemisphere. When the Secretary retired in 1909 he bequeathed his successor a legacy of kindly feeling that he had successfully cultivated.
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Rodriguez, Julia. "A Complex Fabric: Intersecting Histories of Race, Gender, and Science in Latin America." Hispanic American Historical Review 91, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 409–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-1300137.
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Abstract This essay describes historians’ recent and growing awareness of the significance of science in modern Latin America. It focuses first on the work and influence of the historian Nancy Leys Stepan, who in the past 30 years pioneered the joining of methods in the history of science — in particular, the tendency to see science in its specific social context — with some of the most central concerns of Latin Americanists. For example, a key contribution of Stepan’s work is her analysis of scientific representations of human difference that shaped the creation and legitimating of racist and sexist ideas across Latin American societies. Moreover, her work was part of an early wave that brought the application of feminist and critical race theory to the field, with valuable outcomes. Her work has been a springboard for continuing investigations of the interplay between scientific ideas and practices and larger social forces. After an overview of Stepan’s approach and findings, the essay discusses two major trends in the literature that emerge from and build on Stepan’s work: the incorporation of sexuality along with race, gender, and class in studies of science and medicine in Latin American history; and further developments in the history of transatlantic science in the modern period.
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AWOONOR, KOFI. "Summary Information: Poems from Latin American and Caribbean Notebook I." Matatu 21-22, no. 1 (April 26, 2000): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-90000325.
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Lancaster, Roger N. "Sexual Positions: Caveats and Second Thoughts on “Categories”." Americas 54, no. 1 (July 1997): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007500.
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I am deeply honored to be asked to address the Conference on Latin American History, especially on the topic of gay/lesbian studies. As a way of discussing gay studies in Latin America, let me reflect on my ethnographic research on gender and sexuality in Nicaragua. Because I am an anthropologist, I will focus on problems of ethnographic representation. But ultimately and, I think, logically, these problems open to historical questions as well. First, then, a brief reprise of my arguments about male same-sex relations, as developed inLife is Hardand elsewhere.
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Ramírez-Soto, Elizabeth. "The Double Day of Valeria Sarmiento." Feminist Media Histories 7, no. 3 (2021): 154–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2021.7.3.154.
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Though sometimes rightly hailed as one of Latin America’s most important women directors, Valeria Sarmiento is more frequently referred to as the wife (now widow) and closest collaborator of Raúl Ruiz. Since Ruiz’s death in 2011, she has been completing his unfinished films. At the same time, she continues directing her own projects. This essay unpacks her unique creative partnership—working as an editor for her husband while simultaneously striving to direct her own work—as a “double day,” a concept that serves to interrogate the multiple (often unrecognized) tasks demanded of female filmmakers in relation to modes of production developed outside the boundaries of the nation-state, at the interstices of European and Latin American film and television industries. The article examines the interconnections between the gendered division of labor in filmmaking and the precarious mobilities that result from exile.
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Masur, Laura E. "Plantation as Mission: American Indians, Enslaved Africans, and Jesuit Missionaries in Maryland." Journal of Jesuit Studies 8, no. 3 (April 19, 2021): 385–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-0803p003.
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Abstract Jesuit endeavors in Maryland are difficult to categorize as either missions or plantations. Archaeological sites associated with the Maryland Mission/ Province bear similarities to Jesuit mission sites in New France as well as plantations in Latin America and the Caribbean. It is clear that in Maryland, the Jesuits did not enforce a distinction between missions as places of conversion and plantations as sites of capitalist production. Moreover, people of American Indian, African, and European ancestry have been connected with Maryland’s Jesuit plantations throughout their history. Archaeological evidence of Indian missions in Maryland—however fragmented—contributes to a narrative of the Maryland mission that is at odds with prevailing nineteenth- and twentieth-century histories. Archaeology demonstrates the importance of critically reflecting on available historical evidence, including a historiographic focus on either mission or plantation, on the written history of Jesuits in the Americas. Furthermore, historical archaeologists must reconceptualize missions as both places and practices.
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Bashilov, V. A., and V. I. Gulyaev. "A Bibliography of Soviet Studies of the Ancient Cultures of Latin America." Latin American Antiquity 1, no. 1 (March 1990): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971707.
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The study in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of the earliest history of native Latin Americans falls into two distinct periods. The first, associated with an interest in the ancient Mexican and Peruvian civilizations, can be divided into two stages: the 1920s to the early 1940s, when Soviet scholars first acquainted themselves with antiquities from the region and used them for historical parallels; and the late 1940s and early 1950s, when Soviet historians turned to an analysis of Latin American materials. The second period went through three stages: the first, from the early 1950s to the early 1960s, mainly was dominated by Yury Knorozov, who was engaged in deciphering the language of the Maya, and Rostislav Kinzhalov, who studied their art and culture. During the second stage, the early 1960s to the mid-1970s, more scholars and research institutions undertook studies of the early cultures of Latin America. The thematic range became wider as well, covering—besides Mesoamerica and the central Andean region—the Intermediate region and the Caribbean. The third stage, which started in the late 1970s and continues to the present day, witnesses ethnographers and archaeologists pooling their efforts in studying the region. There were several conferences in which specialists engaged in various fields of Latin American studies participated. Their contacts with foreign colleagues became wider; Soviet archaeologists and ethnologists took part in fieldwork in Latin America. The primary aims today are to introduce Soviet readers to archaeological materials from a number of cultural-historical regions (such as the southern fringes of Mesoamerica, Amazonia, the southern Andes, etc.), to detail Soviet studies of cultural complexes and historical processes in ancient America, and to compare them to the processes that took place in the Old World, with the aim of establishing shared historical “laws” and patterns.
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Cahuas, Madelaine, and Alexandra Arraiz Matute. "Enacting a Latinx Decolonial Politic of Belonging: Latinx Community Workers’ Experiences Negotiating Identity and Citizenship in Toronto, Canada." Studies in Social Justice 14, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 268–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v14i2.2225.
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This paper explores how women and non-binary Latinx Community Workers (LCWs) in Toronto, Canada, negotiate their identities, citizenship practices and politics in relation to settler colonialism and decolonization. We demonstrate how LCWs enact a Latinx decolonial politic of belonging, an alternative way of practicing citizenship that strives to simultaneously challenge both Canadian and Latin American settler colonialism. This can be seen when LCWs refuse to be recognized on white settler terms as “proud Canadians,” and create community-based learning initiatives that incite conversations among everyday Latinx community members around Canada’s settler colonial history and present, Indigenous worldviews, as well as race and settler colonialism in Latin America. We consider how LCWs’ enactments of a Latinx decolonial politic of belonging serve as small, incomplete, but crucial steps towards decolonization.
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Cahuas, Madelaine, and Alexandra Arraiz Matute. "Enacting a Latinx Decolonial Politic of Belonging: Latinx Community Workers’ Experiences Negotiating Identity and Citizenship in Toronto, Canada." Studies in Social Justice 14, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 268–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v14i2.2225.
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This paper explores how women and non-binary Latinx Community Workers (LCWs) in Toronto, Canada, negotiate their identities, citizenship practices and politics in relation to settler colonialism and decolonization. We demonstrate how LCWs enact a Latinx decolonial politic of belonging, an alternative way of practicing citizenship that strives to simultaneously challenge both Canadian and Latin American settler colonialism. This can be seen when LCWs refuse to be recognized on white settler terms as “proud Canadians,” and create community-based learning initiatives that incite conversations among everyday Latinx community members around Canada’s settler colonial history and present, Indigenous worldviews, as well as race and settler colonialism in Latin America. We consider how LCWs’ enactments of a Latinx decolonial politic of belonging serve as small, incomplete, but crucial steps towards decolonization.
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Davidson, Christina Cecelia. "Redeeming Santo Domingo: North Atlantic Missionaries and the Racial Conversion of a Nation." Church History 89, no. 1 (March 2020): 74–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640720000013.
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AbstractThis article examines North Atlantic views of Protestant missions and race in the Dominican Republic between 1905 and 1911, a brief period of political stability in the years leading up to the U.S. Occupation (1916–1924). Although Protestant missions during this period remained small in scale on the Catholic island, the views of British and American missionaries evidence how international perceptions of Dominicans transformed in the early twentieth century. Thus, this article makes two key interventions within the literature on Caribbean race and religion. First, it shows how outsiders’ ideas about the Dominican Republic's racial composition aimed to change the Dominican Republic from a “black” country into a racially ambiguous “Latin” one on the international stage. Second, in using North Atlantic missionaries’ perspectives to track this shift, it argues that black-led Protestant congregations represented a possible alternative future that both elite Dominicans and white North Atlantic missionaries rejected.
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Larkosh, Christopher. "Reading In/Between: Migrant Bodies, Latin American Translations." TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction 17, no. 1 (December 22, 2005): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011975ar.
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Abstract This essay examines the role of translation in the redefinition of the relationship between authors and their respective national cultures, and in continuing discussions of gender, sexuality, migration and cultural identity in translation studies. The translation of Witold Gombrowicz’s novel Ferdydurke from Polish into Spanish by Cuban author Virgilio Piñera and a Translation Committee, not only calls into question the conventional dichotomy of author and translator, but also creates a transnational literary community which questions a number of assumptions about the history of translation in the West, its complicity both in the construction of literary canonicity and the maintenance of the educational institution.
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Matear, Ann. "The gendered worlds of latin american women workers: from household and factory to the union hall and ballot box." Women's History Review 7, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 261–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612029800200355.
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Derby, Lauren. "Sorcery in the Black Atlantic: The Occult Arts in Comparative Perspective." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 44, no. 2 (August 2013): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_00538.
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Three recent volumes—Parés and Sansi (eds.), Sorcery in the Black Atlantic; Paton and Forde (eds.), Obeah and Other Powers; and Sweet, Domingos Álvares, African Healing, and the Intellectual History of the Atlantic World—set a new bar for scholarship about Caribbean and Latin American sorcery, stressing its contingency as well as its transnational and cosmopolitan aspects. Their richly contextualized case studies of African-derived practices related to illness and health, as well as the quotidian experience of slaves outside the plantation, challenge the most entrenched assumptions about sorcery and extend its use to a range of social actors, not just slaves. In the process, they serve to relocate the practice of sorcery in Latin America within a broad comparative framework that includes Europe and the Americas as well as Africa.
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_, _. "A Historical and Comparative Survey of the Chinese Presence in the Latin American and Caribbean Region, with a Focus on the Anglophone Caribbean." Journal of Chinese Overseas 13, no. 2 (January 17, 2017): 206–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341355.
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Abstract In this paper, I first broadly map the historical patterns of Chinese presence in the Latin America and Caribbean (lac) region, as a way of distinguishing the primary locations and forms of incorporation and settlement. This historical context provides a baseline from which to examine patterns of the new post-1980s instantiations of Chinese presence in the wider lac region and Central America and Caribbean (cac) sub-region, with particular reference to the English-speaking Caribbean, and, even more specifically, the Eastern Caribbean group of islands with no historical antecedent of an older Chinese diaspora. To highlight this specificity, I include findings from preliminary research conducted in several of these islands, and examine some of the key emerging configurations and complications of the new dual presence in the Anglophone Caribbean of the Chinese state and private entrepreneurial immigrant.
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Chambers, Sarah C., Ileana Rodriguez, and Robert Carr. "House/Garden/Nation: Space, Gender, Ethnicity in Post-Colonial Latin American Literature by Women." Hispanic American Historical Review 77, no. 1 (February 1997): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2517065.
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Chambers, Sarah C. "House/Garden/Nation: Space, Gender, Ethnicity in Post-Colonial Latin American Literature by Women." Hispanic American Historical Review 77, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-77.1.86.
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Lavrin, Asuncion. "International Feminisms: Latin American Alternatives." Gender History 10, no. 3 (November 1998): 519–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.00116.
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VIGOYA, MARA VIVEROS. "Contemporary Latin American Perspectives on Masculinity." Men and Masculinities 3, no. 3 (January 2001): 237–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x01003003002.
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Yamamoto-Furusho, J. K., N. N. Parra-Holguín, E. Grupo-Colombiano, F. Bosques-Padilla, G. Veitia-Velásquez, E. Torres, F. Piñol-Jiménez, et al. "P749 Epidemiological and clinical characterisation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Latin America and the Caribbean: The EPI-LATAM IBD study from the Pan American Crohn’s colitis organisation." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S599—S600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.877.
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Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is currently recognised as a global health problem, since its incidence and prevalence have increased significantly worldwide in recent years. Studies in Latin America are only limited to reporting incidence and prevalence, so our main objective is to report the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of IBD in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Methods This is a multicentre cohort study in which 8 Latin American and Caribbean countries were included: Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Uruguay and Venezuela during the period from August 2017 to October 2019. Two study groups were conducted by geographic region due to their ethnicity, Group 1) Caribbean: Cuba, Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic, Group 2) Latin America: Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela and Peru. Statistical analysis was performed with the statistical programme SPSS v.24. A value of p <0.05 was taken as significant. Results This study included a total of 4216 IBD patients from 8 countries. The CD was more frequent than UC in the following countries: Puerto Rico with 68.5%, Dominican Republic 56.3% and Peru with 53.1%, while in the rest of the countries the frequency of UC predominated, in Colombia by 79.2%, Venezuela in 78.4%, Cuba in 69.9% and Mexico in 75.8%. The Caribbean countries had a significantly higher frequency in the fistulising phenotype in CD with 65.1% (p = 0.0001), steroid dependence in 11.51% (pp = 0.002), steroid resistance in 28.5% (pp = 0.0001), thiopurine intolerance in 1.40% (p = 0.0002), extraintestinal manifestations in 55.91% (p = 0.0001), IBD surgeries in 32.10% (p = 0.0001) and family history of IBD reported a frequency of 15.60% (p = 0.0001). For Latin America, the frequency of pancolitis was more frequent in 48.21% (p = 0001) in patients with UC. The factors associated with the use of biological therapy were: fistulising phenotype in CD, steroid resistance, thiopurine intolerance, presence of extraintestinal manifestations and IBD-related surgeries. There is an increased frequency in the diagnosis of IBD in the last two decades (2000–2019), being 7.5 times for UC and 12.5 times for CD as show in Figure 1. Conclusion This is the first large and multicentre study in Latin America and the Caribbean which showed significant increase in the diagnosis of IBD in the last two decades as well as the differences in clinical and epidemiological characteristics between both regions.
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Weinstein, Barbara. "Where Do New Ideas (About Class) Come From?" International Labor and Working-Class History 57 (April 2000): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900212702.
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In my comment I raise two main questions about the Eley/Nield essay. First, I express some doubts about whether the issues discussed in their essay can be unproblematically transposed to historiographical debates in areas beyond Western Europe and North America. Certain themes, such as the need to reemphasize the political, are hardly pressing given the continual emphasis on politics and the state in Latin American labor history. Closely related to this, I question whether the state of gender studies within labor history can be used, in the way these authors seem to be doing, as a barometer of the sophistication and vitality of labor and working-class history. Despite recognizing the tremendous contribution of gendered approaches to labor history, I express doubts about its ability to help us rethink the category of class, and even express some concern that it might occlude careful consideration of class identities. Instead, pointing to two pathbreaking works in Latin American labor history, I argue that the types of questions we ask about class, and primarily about class, can provide the key to innovative scholarship about workers even if questions such as gender or ethnicity go unexamined. Finally, I point out that class will only be a vital category of analysis if it is recognized not simply as “useful,” but as forming a basis for genuinely creative and innovative historical studies.
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Guy, Donna J. "Oro Blanco: Cotton, Technology, and Family Labor in Nineteenth-Century Argentina." Americas 49, no. 4 (April 1993): 457–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007409.
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Cotton growing and textile production in the northern regions of newly independent Argentina, as in many other parts of Latin America still relatively unaffected by the industrial revolution, were linked to the gender division of labor and the type of landholdings found in agrarian societies. As early as 1970 Ester Boserup pointed out the divergent roles that women and children would play in societies based upon extensive properties farmed or ranched by slave or hired help as compared with smaller, more intensive farms and ranches. She, like many others, however, presumed that wage labor, large scale agriculture, and ranching dominated the Latin American landscape, and she emphasized the role of women compared to other family members in rural production.
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Silva, Janaina Barbosa da, and Maria Cristina Soares Rodrigues. "Pressure ulcers in individuals with spinal cord injury: risk factors in neurological rehabilitation." Rev Rene 21 (August 18, 2020): e44155. http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20202144155.
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Objective: to identify risk factors for the occurrence of pressure ulcers in adult individuals with spinal cord injuries in neurological rehabilitation. Methods: integrative review of studies published in the bases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences. Results: 308 studies were found, with six articles selected, based on pre-established inclusion criteria. The number of risk factors found was similar during and after neurological rehabilitation. Conclusion: the risk factors found for the occurrence of pressure ulcers during and after neurological rehabilitation, were related to sociodemographic conditions, the spinal cord injury itself, associated with clinical condition and behavior. With the exception of complete injury and a history of pressure ulcers, risk factors varied during and after rehabilitation stages.
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Aguilar-Rodríguez, Sandra. "Cooking Modernity: Nutrition Policies, Class, and Gender in 1940s and 1950s Mexico City." Americas 64, no. 2 (October 2007): 177–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2007.0128.
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As dawn broke in Mexico City's streets, steamy pots opened to offer the delicious smell of hot tamales and atole. Lupita woke up early that morning to sell tamales in the usual corner of Niño Perdido street in Mexico City's downtown. In that year, 1947, the construction of the Latin American Tower had just started. Lupita observed the builders digging deeply in the foundations while she sipped her atole and served red and green sauce tamales to her customers. In 1940s and 1950s Mexico City, workers and low-ranking bureaucrats started their day with this popular meal, as they had done since colonial times. Reformers, however, questioned the nutritional value of the working-class diet and considered it as a threat to the construction of modern Mexico.
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Komisaruk, Catherine. "All in a Day's Walk? The Gendered Geography of Native Migration in Colonial Chiapas and Guatemala." Hispanic American Historical Review 100, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 423–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-8349851.
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Abstract The census records of some Indian towns (pueblos de indios) in colonial Chiapas and Guatemala present a puzzle: remarkably uneven gender ratios. This article explores gendered migration as a possible explanation. Previous studies show that the labor markets of colonial Latin American cities attracted mainly female migrants, and this article hypothesizes that people were more likely to migrate if they could make the trip between dawn and dusk. I use Google Maps, as well as colonial writings, to estimate travel times between a sample of Indian pueblos and their closest colonial cities. I then analyze gender ratios in census records from those pueblos. The results suggest that Indian pueblos with large male majorities were generally within a day's walk of a colonial city. Presumably, the male majorities indicate high rates of female out-migration for work in the cities. The article's conclusion discusses impacts that gendered out-migration likely had on sending communities.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 60, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1986): 239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002063.
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-Robert L. Paquette, David Barry Gaspar, Bondmen and rebels: a study of master-slave relations in Antigua with implications for colonial British America. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Johns Hopkins Series in Atlantic History, Culture and Society, 1985. xx + 338 pp.-John Johnson, Latin American Politics: A historical bibliography, Clio Bibliography Series No. 16 (ABC Clio Information Services, Santa Barbara, 1984).-John Johnson, Columbus Memorial Library, Travel accounts and descriptions of Latin American and the Caribbean, 1800-1920: A selected bibliography (Organization of American States, Washington D.C. 1982).-Susan Willis, Aart G. Broek, Something rich like chocolate. Aart G. Broek, (Editorial Kooperativo Antiyano 'Kolibri', Curacao) 1985.-Robert A. Myers, C.J.M.R. Gullick, Myths of a minority: the changing traditions of the Vincentian Caribs. Assen: Van Gorcum, Series: Studies of developing countries, no. 30, 1985. vi + 211 pp.-Jay. R. Mandle, Paget Henry, Peripheral capitalism and underdevelopment in Antigua. New Brunswick and Oxford: Transaction Books, 1985. 274 pp.-Hilary McD. Beckles, Gary Puckrein, Little England: Plantation society and Anglo-Barbadian politics, 1627-1700. New York and London: New York University Press, 1984. xxiv + 235 pp.
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Bachmann, Mercedes García. "Conflicting Visions of Jonah – or Rather Diversity?" Mission Studies 23, no. 1 (2006): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338306777890439.
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AbstractIn conversation with a proposal that the book of Jonah was written as a reaction to the two apparently contradictory wisdom sayings of Proverbs 13:21 and Psalm 25:8, this paper reviews the book of Jonah in light of the two maxims from a Latin American perspective. Noting the element of surprise throughout the book, the author gives a contextual interpretation to the change of Jonah's appearance from dove (a passive character) to wolf (an enraged character) willing to die rather than witness God's mercy. As a missionary concern, the author parallels the anger of "Christian continent" (Latin America) against God's mercy for "outsiders" and the continent's self-righteousness with Jonah's enraged character. The self-righteousness is so strong that churches and congregations would rather die than open God's grace to others (Jonah 4). The paper concludes by stating that gender studies have alerted us to the danger of employing either/or (rather than both/and) and hierarchical (rather than egalitarian) categories and interpretations that do not leave sufficient space for diversity, both in the biblical text and in congregational life today.
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Olander, Marcia. "Costa Rica in 1948: Cold War or Local War?" Americas 52, no. 4 (April 1996): 465–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1008474.
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The years following World War Two produced a strong resurgence of U.S. intervention in Central America and the Caribbean couched in Cold War terms. Although the U.S. intervention in Guatemala to overthrow the government of Jacobo Arbenz in 1954 has generally been seen as the first case of Cold War covert anti-Communist intervention in Latin America, several scholars have raised questions about U.S. involvement in a 1948 Costa Rican civil war in which Communism played a critical role. In a 1993 article in The Americas, Kyle Longley argued that “the U.S. response to the Costa Rican Revolution of 1948, not the Guatemalan affair, marked the origins of the Cold War in Latin America.” The U.S. “actively interfered,” and achieved “comparable results in Costa Rica as in Guatemala: the removal of a perceived Communist threat.” Other authors have argued, even, that the U.S. had prepared an invasion force in the Panama Canal Zone to pacify the country. The fifty years of Cold War anti-Communism entitles one to be skeptical of U.S. non-intervention in a Central American conflict involving Communism. Costa Ricans, aware of a long tradition of U.S. intervention in the region, also assumed that the U.S. would intervene. Most, if not all, were expecting intervention and one key government figure described U.S. pressure as like “the air, which is felt, even if it cannot be seen.” Yet, historians must do more than just “feel” intervention. Subsequent Cold War intervention may make it difficult to appraise the 1948 events in Costa Rica objectively. Statements like Longley's that “it is hard to believe that in early 1948 … Washington would not favor policies that ensured the removal of the [Communist Party] Vanguard,” although logical, do not coincide with the facts of the U.S. role in the conflict.
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Keremitsis, Dawn. "Patriarchy on the Line: Labor, Gender, and Ideology in the Mexican Maquila IndustryWomen in the Latin American Development Process." Hispanic American Historical Review 77, no. 4 (November 1, 1997): 696–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-77.4.696.
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López-Calvo, Ignacio. "From Interethnic Alliances to the “Magical Negro”: Afro-Asian Interactions in Asian Latin American Literature." Humanities 7, no. 4 (November 5, 2018): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h7040110.
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This essay studies Afro-Asian sociocultural interactions in cultural production by or about Asian Latin Americans, with an emphasis on Cuba and Brazil. Among the recurrent characters are the black slave, the china mulata, or the black ally who expresses sympathy or even marries the Asian character. This reflects a common history of bondage shared by black slaves, Chinese coolies, and Japanese indentured workers, as well as a common history of marronage. These conflicts and alliances between Asians and blacks contest the official discourse of mestizaje (Spanish-indigenous dichotomies in Mexico and Andean countries, for example, or black and white binaries in Brazil and the Caribbean) that, under the guise of incorporating the other, favored whiteness while attempting to silence, ignore, or ultimately erase their worldviews and cultures.
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Hanger, Kimberly S. "Introduction: Words and Deeds: Racial and Gender Dialogue, Identity, and Conflict in the Viceroyalty of New Spain." Americas 54, no. 4 (April 1998): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007771.
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The genesis for this special issue on "Words and Deeds" was a panel discussion held in conjunction with the January 1997 joint meeting of the Conference on Latin American History and the American Historical Association in New York City. Participants Richard Boyer, Sonya Lipsett-Rivera, Kimberly Hanger, and Jane Landers presented the papers included in this volume. The essays all flowed together so nicely and initiated such a lively exchange among panelists and the audience that the editors of The Americas asked us to prepare them for publication, incorporating some of the commentary offered at the session. What you read in the following pages is a result of that process, although we still think it rather ironic that a journal produced by the Academy of American Franciscan History should want to include articles with so many off-color words and references to sexual conduct and violence!The fact that these essays generated such interest as conference papers and appear in this special issue of The Americas confirms the value cultural historians are placing on the study of insults, conflicts, and other confrontational behavior to reconstruct societal norms and worldviews and assess challenges to them. What constituted an insult or defined anti-social behavior reveals much about what the community considered each person's position in it; resistance to one's assigned role and identity or objection to someone else misconstruing this identity unmasked a sense of injustice that community members, especially its leaders, had to rectify in order to maintain social order.
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Chandler, James. "Memories Are Made of This." Representations 154, no. 1 (2021): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2021.154.8.99.
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This essay considers the cultural implications of a brief period in the life of New York’s Brill Building, America’s second Tin Pan Alley, a transformative moment in R&B that involved music performed by African American artists but written by songwriters committed to “Jewish Latin.” Recorded on 45 rpm vinyl, circulated in jukeboxes and on radio in new Top 40 radio formats, this sound formed young taste, and, in the bargain, its commercial cycles produced staggered temporal segments that shaped feeling and memory for a generation. One’s sense of life history, of history itself, was time-coded by what we heard and how we heard it, with some interesting implications.
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Waldron, Lawrence. "COMMENT ON BOOK REVIEW." Latin American Antiquity 29, no. 3 (August 31, 2018): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2018.45.
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In reading the recent LAQ review of my 2016 work, Handbook of Ceramic Animal Symbols in the Ancient Lesser Antilles (Roosevelt, review of Waldron, Latin American Antiquity 29:413–414), I was reminded how neglectful my own profession of precolumbian art history has been of ancient Antillean studies. Recognizing this important lacuna in the research, the University Press of Florida approached me with the possibility of writing two books on precolumbian Caribbean art. As pioneering works in this area, these books will be read by scholars mostly outside this area. They are bound to run afoul of readers who might think zoic (for formless animal spirits) is merely an overwrought version of zoomorphic (for physical representations of them), realistic means the same as mimetic or naturalistic, and trigonal ought to carry a meaning derived from geology rather than biology (e.g., trigonal clam shells) or the standard dictionary definition (i.e., “triangular in cross section”). Just two complaints in the LAQ review about my term usage could improve the book. Several times I used the word endemic instead of native inappropriately, and the word rectilinear should have been used more often than the vaguer geometric. The rest is quibbling. For example, my use of the term Amazonid (used similarly by preeminent Caribbean archaeologist Irving Rouse) to describe the culture of both Antilleans and Amazonians, is consistent with my insistence throughout the book that Antillean cultures, while partially derived from Amazonian ones, are not themselves Amazonian.
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Vilas, Carlos M. "Family Affairs: Class, Lineage and Politics in Contemporary Nicaragua." Journal of Latin American Studies 24, no. 2 (May 1992): 309–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00023403.
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As I get older I give more importance to continuities, and try to discover them under the appearances of change and mutation. And I have reached the conclusion that there is only one great continuity: that of blood.Class structure never entirely displaces other criteria and forms of differentiation and hierarchy (e.g. ethnicity, gender, lineage) in the constitution of social identities and in prompting collective action. Class as a concept and as a point of reference is linked to these other criteria; often it is subsumed in them, thus contributing to the definition of the different groups' forms of expression and of their insertion into the social totality. But class does not eliminate these other criteria nor the identities deriving from them, nor can it preclude the relative autonomy derived from their specificity, as they define loyalties and oppositions which frequently cross over class boundaries. The relevance of these criteria in Latin America is even greater since the society's class profile is less sharply defined because of the lower level of development of market relations and urban industrial capitalism.Several studies have pointed to the importance of ruling families in shaping the socio-economic structure of Latin American countries, their political institutions and their cultural life. Prominent families have been considered the axis of Latin America's history from the last part of the colonial period until the beginnings of the present century – and until even more recently in some countries. Interestingly enough, these historical studies have contributed to a better understanding of one of the features most frequently discussed in today's sociological studies of Latin America: the weak or inchoate differentiation between public and private life and between collective and individual action.
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Ehrick, Christine. "Affectionate Mothers and the Colossal Machine: Feminism, Social Assistance and the State in Uruguay, 1910-1932." Americas 58, no. 1 (July 2001): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2001.0070.
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In 1910, the Uruguayan Public Assistance Law established the concept of universal poor relief, declaring that “anyone … indigent or lacking resources has the right to free assistance at the expense of the state.” Nothing better than this law qualifies Uruguay for its distinction as the ‘first welfare state’ in Latin America. As in other countries, much of the first social assistance legislation targeted poor women and children and relied on elite women for much of its implementation. In the Uruguayan case, the primary intersections between public assistance and private philanthropy were the secular “ladies’ committees” (comités de damas), charitable organizations without direct ties to the Catholic Church. These organizations were also an important catalyst for liberal feminism in Uruguay, whose chronology—from the foundation of the National Women's Council in 1916 through the women's suffrage law of 1932—closely parallels the history of the early Uruguayan welfare state. Following a discussion of the formation of the National Public Assistance and its significance for class and gender politics in Uruguay, this article will summarize the evolving relationship between the Uruguayan social assistance bureaucracy and one of these groups, theSociedad“La Bonne Garde,” an organization that worked with young unmarried mothers. It then discusses how a formal and direct relationship with the state helped make the Bonne Garde and other groups like it a principal point of entry for many elite women in the early phases of Uruguayan liberal feminism. Finally, this article shows how processes set in motion in the 1910s resulted in a relative marginalization of elite women from both state welfare and organized liberal feminism in the 1920s. Through an examination of the history of these ladies’ committees, we gain new insight into both welfare state formation in its earliest Latin American example as well as some of the elements and circumstances which helped shape liberal feminism in Uruguay.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 59, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1985): 225–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002074.
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-John F. Szwed, Richard Price, First-Time: the historical vision of an Afro-American people. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Johns Hopkins Studies in Atlantic History and Culture, 1983, 191 pp.-Thomas J. Spinner Jr., Reynold Burrowes, The Wild Coast: an account of politics in Guyana. Cambridge MA: Schenkman Publishing Company, 1984. xx + 348 pp.-Gad Heuman, Edward L. Cox, Free Coloreds in the slave societies of St. Kitts and Grenada, 1763-1833. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1984. xiii + 197 pp.-H. Michael Erisman, Anthony Payne, The international crisis in the Caribbean. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984. 177 p.-Lester D. Langley, Richard Newfarmer, From gunboats to diplomacy: new U.S. policies for Latin America. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984. xxii + 254 pp.-Trevor W. Purcell, Diane J. Austin, Urban life in Kingston, Jamaica: the culture and class ideology of two neighbourhoods. New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Caribbean Studies Vol. 3, 1984. XXV + 282 PP.-Robert A. Myers, Richard B. Sheridan, Doctors and slaves: a medical and demographic history of slavery in the British West Indies, 1680-1834. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985. xxii + 420 pp.-Michéle Baj Strobel, Christiane Bougerol, La médecine populaire á la Guadeloupe. Paris: Editions Karthala, 1983. 175 pp.-R. Parry Scott, Annette D. Ramirez de Arellano ,Colonialism, Catholicism, and contraception: a history of birth control in Puerto Rico. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1983. xii + 219 pp., Conrad Seipp (eds)-Gervasio Luis García, Francis A. Scarano, Sugar and slavery in Puerto Rico: the plantation economy of Ponce, 1800-1850. Madison WI and London: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1984. xxv + 242 pp.-Fernando Picó, Edgardo Diaz Hernandez, Castãner: una hacienda cafetalera en Puerto Rico (1868-1930). Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico: Editorial Edil, 1983. 139 pp.-John V. Lombardi, Laird W. Bergad, Coffee and the growth of agrarian capitalism in nineteenth-century Puerto Rico. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983. xxvii + 242 pp.-Robert A. Myers, Anthony Layng, The Carib Reserve: identity and security in the West Indies. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1983. xxii + 177 pp.-Lise Winer, Raymond Quevedo, Atilla's Kaiso: a short history of Trinidad calypso. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Department of Extra-Mural Studies, University of the West Indies, 1983. ix + 205 pp.-Luiz R.B. Mott, B.R. Burg, Sodomy and the pirate tradition: English sea rovers in the seventeenth-century Caribbean. New York: New York University Press, 1983, xxiii + 215 pp.-Humphrey E. Lamur, Willem Koot ,De Antillianen. Muiderberg, The Netherlands: Dick Coutihno, Migranten in de Nederlandse Samenleving nr. 1, 1984. 175 pp., Anco Ringeling (eds)-Gary Brana-Shute, Paul van Gelder, Werken onder de boom: dynamiek en informale sektor: de situatie in Groot-Paramaribo, Suriname. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Foris, 1985, xi + 313 pp.-George L. Huttar, Eddy Charry ,De Talen van Suriname: achtergronden en ontwikkelingen. With the assistance of Sita Kishna. Muiderberg, The Netherlands: Dick Coutinho, 1983. 225 pp., Geert Koefoed, Pieter Muysken (eds)-Peter Fodale, Nelly Prins-Winkel ,Papiamentu: problems and possibilities. (authors include also Luis H. Daal, Roger W. Andersen, Raúl Römer). Zutphen. The Netherlands: De Walburg Pers, 1983, 96 pp., M.C. Valeriano Salazar, Enrique Muller (eds)-Jeffrey Wiliams, Lawrence D. Carrington, Studies in Caribbean language. In collaboration with Dennis Craig & Ramon Todd Dandaré. St. Augustine, Trinidad: Society for Caribbean Linguistics, University of the West Indies, 1983. xi + 338 pp.