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Smith, Maegan A. "A Public History Meditation| Collaboration's Role in Public History with Two of Louisiana's American Indian Tribes." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10163324.
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<p> The projects in this meditation focus on the importance of collaboration in public history. Using two different tools, both projects show a new way for understanding the histories of two diverse Louisiana American Indian communities. The project on the Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana is not a complete public history project, but it shows the progression of research and preliminary work needed for the pubic history aspect through an interactive map. The Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana exhibit highlights the importance of collaboration and consultation with the Tribe, which happened at nearly every step of the curation and development of the exhibit. Focusing on the inclusion of these communities, and those surrounding them, helped in the understanding of the audience for each of these projects, as well as the overall importance of consultation with the community or communities represented.</p>
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Curley, George. "Indian Working Arrangements on the California Ranchos, 1821-1875." Thesis, University of California, Riverside, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10979449.
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<p> While much of colonial California historiography includes detailed narratives of the mission Indian workers, very little is known regarding those Indians who moved from the missions to work on the large California ranchos and elsewhere. The stories of these Indian workers have often been ignored; further, the narratives which do exist contain some form of debt peonage to explain their working arrangement. This dissertation attempts to challenge these debt peonage theories and offer a more accurate account of the working arrangement that developed on the California rancho during the Mexican (1821–1848) and early American (1849–1880) periods. Employing important primary sources—including rancho account books, letters, court documents, census records, and probate inventories—this dissertation ventures to show that Indian labor arrangements on these ranchos were less repressive than previously presented. In addition, it reveals the misunderstood nature and importance of the rancho store to both the Rancho owners and their Indian workers.</p><p>
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Weber, Robert W. "Hogans on the home front| The making of Navajo self-determination from 1917-1945." Thesis, University of Nebraska at Kearney, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10248470.
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<p> During the early twentieth century, Navajo lands were extensive and isolated. Traditional Navajo leadership was much more local, and it varied from clan to clan. The discovery of natural resources on Navajo lands in the 1920s led to the creation of the Navajo Tribal Council to negotiate leases with the federal government. Through the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), the federal government dominated the council. However, the reforms of the Indian New Deal and the urgency of World War II brought immense changes as many non-Navajo leaders left the BIA for important wartime positions within the federal government, and the Navajo Tribal Council became more independent. During this period the relationship between the council and federal government changed as the council was given greater autonomy in governing the tribe. This thesis examines the history of the council leading up to and during World War II. By comparing the home front of World War I to the home front of World War II, it argues that the council achieved greater self-determination during this period, something often downplayed by historians, and created a unique system of government distinctive only to Navajos. The leadership of the council in providing for the common defense, defining and protecting property rights, and assisting with the federal government in the creation of human service programs established solid reasons for continued autonomy after World War II.</p>
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Lewandoski, Julia. "Property and ambiguity on Missisquoi Bay: 1760-1812." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121527.
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Between 1760 and 1812, the fertile lands around Lake Champlain's Missisquoi Bay were bisected by an international boundary. During this intense period of settlement, these lands were also subject to competing claims by various individuals, states, empires, and Native nations, all of who used grants, leases, surveys, and titles to further their claims. However, this copious property creation did not result in a coherent landscape, governed by authoritative states. Instead, participants used competing titles and overlapping grants to negotiate a spectrum of territorial claims. In many cases, the political, geographic, and economic ambiguities of property were seen as opportunities, rather than liabilities, by the diverse parties who claimed and occupied Missisquoi land.<br>Entre 1760 et 1812, les terres fertiles situées autour du lac Champlain, plus précisément de la baie Missisquoi, ont été coupées en deux par une frontière internationale. Durant cette période intense de colonisation, l'endroit fut également l'objet de revendications par divers états, empires, personnes et nations autochtones qui utilisèrent différents titres, baux, plan d'arpentages et concession pour faire avancer leurs demandes. Cependant, la création de ces nombreuses propriétés n'a pas abouti au façonnage d'un paysage cohérent, politiquement stable et soumis à l'autorité claire d'un état. Au contraire, les participants ont utilisé les titres litigieux pour négocier un spectre des demandes territoriales. Dans de nombreux cas, les ambiguïtés politiques, géographiques et économiques du concept de propriété furent considérées comme des opportunités plutôt que des inconvénients par les différents partis qui ont demandé et qui ont occupé les terres du Missisquoi.
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Seibert-Johnston, Rebecca. "History in Your Hand| A Case Study of Digital History and Augmented Reality Using Mound 72." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1560774.
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<p> The use of augmented reality and mobile applications offers a unique and applicable presentation experience for digital historians. This is a case study of such a presentation using Mound 72 at Cahokia Mounds.</p>
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Stiegler, Morgen Leigh. "African Experience on American Shores: Influence of Native American Contact on the Development of Jazz." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1244856703.
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Galindo, Anabel. "Promesas Por Cumplir: El caso de Colonias Yaquis." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280952.
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The modernization decade of the 1990's marked the beginnings of irreversible political and economic changes that shifted away from the revolutionary legacy, for a liberal market-base system. New laws and constitutional amendments were designed to alleviate the country's economic stagnation. Decentralization programs hoped to relieve the financial burdens endured for years. Although, these plans were supposed to be inclusive, the most vulnerable populations were often left out or limited in their participation. In the case of irrigation district transfers, the changes were immediate and successful except for five indigenous irrigation districts. After a decade in limbo, Colonias Yaquis is still a zone of contention where land, water and autonomy demands confront historical legacies in the midst of modernization. The district exemplifies a revolutionary promise that is yet to be achieved. It is then the purpose of this study to evaluate historical, social and political factors that hinder the transfer process.
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Fink, Blair Ashton. "CONTACT ON THE JERSEY SHORE: ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN AND NATIVE AMERICAN PRESENCE AT THE WEST CREEK SITE DURING THE CONTACT PERIOD." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/458904.
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Anthropology<br>M.A.<br>This research addresses the identification of a Native American presence at the 18th century homestead of the Pharo family in coastal New Jersey, and what it reveals about life during the Contact period. Various stratigraphic contexts were excavated at the site that contain both European-made and Native-made artifacts. The foundation of this research is the definition and assessment of the contemporaneity of excavated contexts that include colonial and native-made artifacts at the West Creek site. By examining these contexts, conclusions can be drawn about the persistence of Native American technologies and settlement patterns into the 18th Century, as well as the interactions between Europeans and Native Americans at the site. Spatial distribution analysis utilizing ArcGIS technology was used to visualize the distribution of diagnostic artifact types throughout the site. Individual distribution maps were created for each of the selected artifact types. These maps were then compared to discern any site-wide patterns that exist. The spatial analysis conducted as part of this project demonstrates that Native Americans occupied areas at the West Creek site very close to one another. Native Americans and the Pharo family were interacting with one another on a regular basis for at least a short period of time. These interactions show no evidence of being violent or forceful. Despite the evidence of interactions, the Native Americans residing at the West Creek site maintained many Late Woodland technologies, including ceramics and projectile points. Furthermore, Native Americans continue to settle in settings similar to what is seen during the Late Woodland period.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Kachur, Curtis. "The Freedom and Privacy of an Indian Boarding School's Sports Field and Student Athletes Resistance to Assimilation." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1510234437881951.
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Dakin, Alana E. "Indigenous Continuance Through Homeland: An Analysis of Palestinian and Native American Literature." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1340304236.
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Ward, John T. "The drive for citizenship: Impacts of Bill C-31 membership model, 1985-1996." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28114.
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Bill C-31, an Act to Amend the Indian Act, was passed by the Canadian Parliament on June 28, 1985. It was intended to bring the Indian Act into line with the provisions of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, in part by allowing the reinstatement of Indian Status to women who had lost it after marrying non-Aboriginal or non-Status men. It followed from the efforts of Native women Jeannette Lavell and Sandra Lovelace in court appeals over sexual discrimination in the Indian Act. Yet there were many negative reactions to the bill.
Bill C-31 introduced rules governing who could be registered as "Indian." It also contained new rules with respect to children born on or after April 17, 1985. This paper argues that these rules discriminate against children with one parent who is not recognized as "Indian" under the new rules.
The primary purpose of the bill was to allow Aboriginal people to create their own criteria for managing the membership of bands. However, it caused a number of conflicts and failed to produce the results Aboriginal community hoped for. There were concerns about the increase in the Aboriginal population as people returned to reserves and inadequate funding to meet the needs arising from such population growth. Many Native persons viewed the bill as a mechanism for assimilation and argued that they should have sole responsibility over the regulation of their own memberships.
Recent research on Bill C-31 is limited, in that many authors ignore the personal experiences of those who helped create and were affected by the legislation. For the most part, the literature tends to stress the growth of the Native population following the bill's implementation. A more thorough analysis would yield a greater understanding of the bill's impact on First Nations rights and self-determination.
This thesis will incorporate an array of primary sources, including summary reports, scholarly studies, statistics, interviews and personal commentaries. An analysis of secondary sources will also reveal the current state of research on the topic, and show how this thesis provides a new perspective by considering matrimonial real property, blood quantum, court cases and legal Status.
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Ojeda, Lupe. "Caxcan truth found in Nochistlan, Zacatecas| In xochitl in cuicatl, el Mexico profundo." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10102584.
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<p> This research is a comparison of religious beliefs of three cultures of México. My first goal is a critical analysis of the similarities and differences between religious practices and how they relate presently. I argue that the religious ideology imposed on the indigenous of México was similar to their original beliefs that in their organic form produced a lifestyle superior to that of Spanish ideologies. Furthermore, I hypothesize that returning to the religious aspects of introspection, community and truth through <i>xochitl in cuicatl,</i> would result in that superior lifestyle.</p><p> This subject is approached using cultural analysis, textual exegesis, historical and phenomenological methodologies. Relying on close readings of codices, the elements of the sociological theory of Peter Berger and employing the work of Juana Gutierrez de Mendoza as a lens into Caxcán ideology. My hope is to further the scholarly research of this understudied peoples and the region they inhabit.</p>
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Gutekunst, Jason Alexander. "Wabanaki Catholics: Ritual Song, Hybridity, and Colonial Exchange in Seventeenth-Century New England and New France." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1229626549.
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Kertesz, Judy. "Skeletons in the American Attic: Curiosity, Science, and the Appropriation of the American Indian Past." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10499.
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This dissertation excavates the political economy and cultural politics of the "Vanishing Indian." While much of the scholarship situates this ubiquitous American trope as a rhetorical representation, I consider the ways in which the "Vanishing Indian" was necessarily rooted in the emerging capitalist and cultural economy of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. By combining cultural history, Native studies, material culture, and public history, my project addresses a predicament peculiar to settler societies. Specifically, I address the dilemma faced by an immigrant people who attempted to make the transition from colonial to national without being indigenous. My investigation into the complex historical processes of a symbolic, material, and oftentimes-ambivalent reconfiguration of self seeks to broaden our understanding of a national identity not only rooted, but also deeply invested, in settler-colonialism. The ancient mummified remains of an early Woodland aboriginal woman disinterred in Kentucky in 1811, are the axis around which this dissertation revolves. The history of her disinterment links American national identity formation with capitalist imperatives for natural resource extraction, the exploitation of slave labor, settler expansion, and the development of another form of "Indian Removal" – practiced below ground, as it were. The plunder of ancient ruins, disinterment of Indian graves, and the correlated development of early American archaeology became part of a larger national project. While Native remains were not in and of themselves economic resources, increasingly, speculators in science and antiquities came to regard them as both natural and national resources. Their disinterment was certainly as much a byproduct of scientific speculation as of speculation in lands "opened up" by western expansion. The appropriation of Native remains became a locus of power through which Americans sought to add the length and breadth of an historic past to the promise of a national future. Ultimately, I seek to interrogate one of the many aims of colonization through settlement—the appropriation of indigenous status—and situate a history of science, curiosity, and the appropriation of American Indian land and bodies at the center of this development.
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Page, Russell M. "Native Newspapers: The Emergence of the American Indian Press 1960-Present." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/638.
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During the 1960s and 1970s, tribes across Indian Country struggled for tribal sovereignty against “termination” policies that aimed to disintegrate the federal government’s trust responsibilities and treaty obligations to tribes and assimilate all Indians into mainstream society. Individual tribes, pan-Indian organizations, and militant Red Power activists rose up in resistance to these policies and fought for self-determination: a preservation of Indian distinctiveness and social and political autonomy. This thesis examines a crucial, but often overlooked, element of the self-determination movement. Hundreds of tribal and national-scope activist newspapers emerged during this era and became the authentic voices of American Indians and the messengers of the movement. This thesis examines the stories of several key newspapers. By looking at the opportunities and challenges their editors faced and the different approaches they took, this thesis will assess how they succeeded and fell short in telling authentic stories from Indian Country, fighting for distinct indigenous culture and rights, and reshaping public discourse and policy on American Indian affairs.
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Sprague, Jason Michael. "Where the Hell is Cross Village?" Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1278531758.
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Hubbell, Gerald R. "Toward the Origins of Peyote Beadwork." Thesis, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10816114.
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<p> Peyote beadwork is a nuanced and elegant art form. Hundreds of thousands of people today use peyote beadwork, including the Native American Church, powwow people, gourd dancers and Native Americans wanting a marker of Native Identity. Mainstream society has relegated this art form to the status of craft. It is virtually unstudied in the academic world. This paper accepts that objects so decorated are art, that is, expressions that are a means of communication among humans, and both a sacred art as well as a means of establishing cultural identity. The lack of academic study has led to hypotheses about its origin that obscure rather than reveal how it began. This paper aims to describe when and by whom the beadwork began, as well as how it was first disseminated.</p><p>
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Sauder, Muhlfeld Sharon M. "Ambiguous alliances: Native American efforts to preserve independence in the Ohio Valley, 1768-1795." W&M ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623331.
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"Ambiguous Alliances" examines the revolutionary era in the Ohio Valley from a Native American perspective. Rather than simply considering them as British pawns or troublesome mischief-makers, this account describes how Wyandots, Shawnees, Ottawas, Delawares, Miamis, and their native neighbors made decisions about war and peace, established alliances with Europeans, Americans, and distant Indian nations, and charted specific strategies for their political and cultural survival. They also suffered devastating personal and property loss and encountered significant disruption to their societal routines. Yet much about their daily lives remained unchanged, and their communities continued to foster a strong Indian identity.;This dissertation explores native objectives for the period 1768--1795, specifically looking at what the various nations were hoping to accomplish in their relationships with the British and the Americans. While preserving land and sovereignty were the Indians' clearest aims, this study also emphasizes that the underlying goal of protecting their rights and property was to retain their cultural distinctiveness. Furthermore, these twin objectives were inextricably linked. The Indians' ability to remain viable diplomatic partners with the Europeans depended on the maintenance of their landed independence.;Along with analyzing native objectives, this dissertation discusses Indian strategies to attain these goals and looks at how the Revolution assisted or hampered their execution. Some tribes actively recruited British or American allies; some attempted to remain neutral; others endeavored to form a united Indian front; and still others alternately extended their allegiance to both parties in an effort to secure both autonomy and protection.;Despite its heavy emphasis on native alliances and military maneuvers, this work also examines the Revolution's challenges to the rhythms of daily life. In addition to physical destruction, wartime agendas altered native.economic patterns and sometimes even invaded cultural practices, threatening to constrict gender roles for women or to prevent nations from adopting captives to replace their deceased relatives. Although the era's disruptions brought emotional distress, physical displacement, and political ambiguity, the tribes persisted in sustaining both their daily existence and their national identities.
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Mullen, Emily. "Fighting against Indigenous Stereotypes and Invisibility| Gregg Deal's Use of Humor and Irony." Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10793926.
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<p> Stereotypes of Indigenous peoples, formed according to Western notions of cultural hierarchy, as savage, exotic, and only existing in a distant past, are still prevalent in the popular imaginary. These stem from misunderstandings and misrepresentations of Indigenous peoples that developed after contact between Indigenous peoples and European settler communities, and exist in concepts such as the noble savage, the wild heathen, or the vanishing Indian. In this thesis I argue that contemporary artist Gregg Deal (Pyramid Lake Paiute) successfully challenges and disrupts such stereotypes by re-channeling their power and reappropriating them through his strategic use of humor and irony in performances, paintings, and murals. Through these tools, Deal is able to attract audiences, disarm them, and destabilize their assumptions about Indigenous peoples. I frame Deal’s use of humor and irony outside the trickster paradigm, drawing instead on Don Kelly’s (Ojibway) theorization of humor as a communicative tool for making difficult topics accessible, and Linda Hutcheon’s theorization of irony as a discursive strategy for simultaneously presenting and subverting something that is familiar. </p><p> In a second line of argument, I foreground Deal’s agency as an artist through analysis of his strategies to reach audiences and gain visibility for his art. Contemporary Indigenous artists are often excluded from mainstream art institutions, and can struggle to find venues to exhibit their work. I argue that Deal’s strategic use of public space and the internet to show and publicize his art is significant. It has helped him to reach audiences and gain recognition for his work. He now exhibits and performs in university and state museums. I argue that the authority of museum space, in turn, gives him a greater opportunity to disrupt stereotypes and educate people about misperceptions of Indigenous peoples.</p><p>
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Lee, Michelle Idette 1970. "The evolution of the flower children and their respect for Native American people." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291504.
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Herein find a deeper look at hippie culture from the anthropological perspective, but still as observations from one deeply involved in that culture. Most of what has been written about the hippie culture has been written with an upturned nose, seemingly full of distaste. Many Native American academics share this distaste, although a true picture of hippie culture has never been offered. Leonard Wolf's Voices of the Love Generation is, perhaps, a singular exception, as his book of interviews gives voice directly to the flower children. The spiritual ties represent the most notable bonds of this community. Hippies believe all life is connected, and carry this philosophy into all aspects of ceremony. Thus, the wisdom of all peoples is essential, not merely relevant; Native American wisdom particularly important because contemporary Native Americans know more about the earth we tread here than anyone else alive can know.
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Cowsert, Zachery Christian. "Confederate Borderland, Indian Homeland| Slavery, Sovereignty, and Suffering in Indian Territory." Thesis, West Virginia University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1554912.
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<p>This thesis explores the American Civil War in Indian Territory, focusing on how clashing visions of sovereignty within the Five Tribes—Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole—led to the one the most violent and relatively unknown chapters of the Civil War. Particular attention is paid to the first two years of the war, highlighting why the Five Tribes allied with Confederacy, and why those alliances failed over time. Chapter One examines Indian Territory as a borderland, unveiling how various actors within that borderland, including missionaries, Indian agents, white neighbors in Arkansas and Texas, and Indians themselves shaped Native American decision-making and convinced acculturated tribal elites to forge alliances with the Confederacy. These alliances, however, did not represent the sentiments of many traditionalist Indians, and anti-Confederate Creeks, Seminoles, and African-Americans gathered under the leadership of dissident Creek chief Opothleyahola. Cultural divisions within the Five Tribes, and differing visions of sovereignty in the future, threatened to undermine Indian-Confederate alliances. Chapter Two investigates the Confederacy’s 1861 winter campaign designed to quell Opothleyahola’s resistance to Confederate authority. This campaign targeted enemy soldiers and civilians alike, and following a series of three engagements Opothleyahola’s forces were decisively defeated in December. During this campaign, however, schisms with the Confederate Cherokees became apparent. In the weeks that followed, Confederate forces pursued the men, women, and children of Opothelyahola’s party as they fled north across the frozen landscape for the relative safety of Kansas. The military campaign waged in 1861, and the untold suffering heaped upon thousands of civilians that winter, exposes how a hard, violent war rapidly emerged within the Confederate borderland, complicating historians’ depiction of a war that instead grew hard over time. </p><p> Chapter Three documents the return of Federal forces to the borderland via the First Indian Expedition of 1862. Although the expedition was a military failure, the sudden presence of Union forces in the region permanently split the Cherokee tribe into warring factions. The Cherokee, Creek, and Seminole tribes spent the next three years fighting their own intra-tribal civil wars. Moreover, the appearance and retreat of Federal forces from Indian Territory created a geopolitical vacuum, which would be filled by guerrilla violence and banditry. The failure of either Confederate or Union forces to permanently secure Indian Territory left Indian homelands ripe for violence and lawlessness. The thesis concludes by evaluating the cost of the conflict. One-third of the Cherokee Nation perished during the war; nearly one-quarter of the Creek population died in the conflict. By war’s end, two-thirds of Indian Territory’s 1860 population had become refugees. Urged to war by outsiders and riven with their own intra-tribal strife, Native Americans of the Five Tribes suffered immensely during the Civil War, victims of one of the most violent, lethal, and unknown chapters in American history. </p>
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Talbot, Robert. "Alexander Morris His intellectual and political life and the numbered Treaties." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27922.
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Alexander Morris (1826--1889) is best remembered for his service as Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba and the North-West Territories (1872--1877), and for acting as the chief Canadian negotiator for Treaties 3--6 with the Amerindian peoples of western Canada. Ideologically speaking, Morris was a conservative, an imperialist, and a devout Christian. Historians have generally argued that Euro-Canadian officials like Morris failed to appreciate the significance of the treaties and the long-term reciprocal relationship that they entailed for Amerindian peoples. It is argued here, however, that Morris's understanding of the treaty relationship may have been much closer to the Amerindian perspective than previously believed. Over time, and through a series of interactions and intellectual exchanges with Amerindian leaders, Morris was able to transcend his social formation and empathize significantly with their viewpoint.
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Weiland, Andrew Welsh. "Pathways to Maize Adoption and Intensification in the Little Miami and Great Miami River Valleys." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1565302352191348.
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Kramer, Anna Marie. "The Power of the Tower: Contesting History at Bear Lodge/Devils Tower National Monument." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/151.
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Bear Lodge/Devils Tower National Monument, a spectacular rock formation in northeastern Wyoming, has a multiplicity of meanings, not all of which were fully acknowledged until the 1990s. It is widely known as a geologic wonder, the first national monument, a marker of local and pioneer heritage, and a premier rock climbing area. In the 1980s and ‘90s, however, the National Park Service began to acknowledge that the Tower also holds cultural and historical meaning for the Northern Plains tribes, dating back long before the colonization of the American West. Some of the tribes expressed to the Park Service that they were offended by rock climbers desecrating the Tower, a sacred site, leading the Park Service to seek to compromise between these competing uses of this public land. The controversy over climbing at Bear Lodge/Devils Tower was, and remains, a debate over history, and this thesis examines the historical foundations for the discourses of climbers, local white residents, tribal members, and the Park Service, as these various groups asserted their claims to this public space. This thesis contends that the language used by climbers and local white residents in arguing against the Park Service’s accommodation of tribal cultures and beliefs appropriated the languages of spirituality and tradition used by the tribes, and sought to delegitimize the tribal claims to the Tower. The Park Service is complicit in controlling the discourses surrounding the Tower and erasing the traditions and complex history of the Northern Plains tribal ties to this sacred place.
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Joyce-Grendahl, Kathleen. "The Native American flute in the southwestern United States: Past and present." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282153.
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This document focuses upon the past and present role of the Native American flute in the Southwestern United States, with the primary emphasis being placed upon the present-day use of the flute. Through this study, I hope to provide an evaluation of the Native American flute's musical significance (past and present use, and current literature and capabilities) that will lead to its possible inclusion into the Western curriculum of collegiate music scholarship, and contribute to a greater understanding of the instrument. In addition, through the information that is generated and disclosed by this exploration, it is hoped that the Native American flute may begin to gain an overall acceptance as an instrument of cultural and musical distinction and merit, specifically within the world of collegiate music education. This document is divided into chapters dealing with past and present uses of the Native American flute. The "Introduction" states the purpose, scope, and justification for this study. Chapter 1 describes the physical characteristics of the past and present-day Native American flute. Chapter 2 deals exclusively with the past traditions and functions of the flute. For example, selected myths from various tribes that employ the Native American flute are discussed. Also in Chapter 2, the past ceremonial and non-ceremonial functions of the Native American flute are detailed. Chapter 3 deals exclusively with the flute as it is used in today's world. Here, the rise in status of the flute is illustrated by discussing four prominent performers, their recordings, and approach to flute playing. They are as follows: Kelvin Bizahaloni, R. Carlos Nakai, John Rainer, Jr., and Ward Jene Stroud. Also, three composers who are presently creating repertoire for this instrument are discussed. They are James DeMars, Gina Genova, and Jay Vosk. Chapter 4 deals with the ways in which the Native American flute can be imported into the college music curriculum. Finally, Chapter 5 summarizes the document and provides ideas for further study.
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Costello, Damian M. "Honor and Caritas: Bartolomé De Las Casas, Soldiers of Fortune, and the Conquest of the Americas." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1375380700.
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Boorn, Alida S. "Interpreting the transnational material culture of the 19th-Century North American Plains Indians: creators, collectors, and collections." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/34472.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of History<br>Bonnie Lynn-Sherow<br>American Indian material culture collections are protected in tribal archives and transnational museums. This dissertation argues that the Plains Indian people and Euroamerican people cross pollinated each other’s material culture. Over the last two hundred years’ interpretations of transnational material culture acculturation of the 19th - Century North American Plains Indians has been interpreted in venues that include arts and crafts, photography, museums, world exhibitions, tourism destinations, entertainments and literature. In this work, exhibit catalogs have been utilized as archives. Many historians recognize that American Indians are vital participants and contributors to United States history. This work includes discussions about North American Indigenous people and others who were creators of material culture and art, the people who collected this material culture and their motives, and the various types of collections that blossomed from material culture and oral history proffering. Creators included Plains Indian women who tanned bison hides and their involvement in crafting the most beautiful art works through their skill in quillwork and beadwork. Plains Indian men were also creators. They recorded the family’s and tribe’s histories in pictograph paintings. Plains Indian storytellers created material that was saved and collected through oral tradition. Euroamerican artists created biographical images of the Plains Indian people that they interacted with. Collections of objects, legends, and art resulted from those who collected the creations made by the creators. Thus today there exists fine examples of ethno-heirlooms that pay tribute to the transnational acculturation and survival of the American Indian people of the Great Western Northern American Plains. What is most important is the knowledge, and an appreciation for the idea that a transnational cross-pollination of cultures enriched and became rooted in United States history.
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Abdoo, Jayma Ann. "The Scourge of "Discovery": A Case Study of the Genocide of Native Americans in English North America." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625768.
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Wickman, Thomas. "Snowshoe Country: Indians, Colonists, and Winter Spaces of Power in the Northeast, 1620-1727." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10439.
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This dissertation is a political and environmental history of winter in the colonial Northeast during some of the coldest years of the Little Ice Age. Unlike conventional histories of Atlantic encounters and environmental change, which overwhelmingly concern the warmer half of the year, this dissertation asks how encounters and ecological change functioned in the colder half of the year. Indians and English settlers adapted differently to the vicissitudes of climate change in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, respectively creating winter spaces of power within the varied landscapes of the Maritime Peninsula. This dissertation takes a broad geographical view of the Northeast and incorporates political ecology into the history of early America, stressing the importance of conflicts over access to long-distance travel routes and wild resources, both along the coasts and in the vast uplands. Using captivity narratives, diaries, letters, treaty minutes, and war records, it recovers the ways that winter knowledge and winter technologies both inhibited and facilitated colonialism in the Northeast. Over the course of the seventeenth century, settlers transformed winter ecologies along the coasts and isolated indigenous people in cold conditions. In response, Native Americans increasingly spent longer winters in the interior uplands, dividing themselves into family hunting bands, drawing sustenance and power from wild environments that colonists could not reach, and launching winter raids upon vulnerable English towns. The last quarter of the seventeenth century, one of the coldest periods of the last millennium, presented comparative advantages to mobile Indians, whose snowshoes kept them afloat in times of deep and long lying snows. In the early eighteenth century, however, the English systematically adopted this same indigenous technology to use against Native Americans, disrupting the activities of family hunting bands and raiding parties. English patrols on snowshoes penetrated Native Americans’ winter hunting grounds as never before, and with this winter strategy, colonial leaders attempted to impose a new political ecology in the greater Northeast. Conquest of the northern uplands was incomplete, however, leading to slow and sparse settlement in the interior and leaving ample opportunities for indigenous people to return to their winter lands.
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Flores, Santis Gustavo Adolfo. "Native American response and resistance to Spanish conquest in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1769--1846." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1567990.
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<p> This study focuses on how secular, governmental, and ecclesiastical Hispanic Empire institutions influenced the response and resistance of San Francisco Native American groups from 1769 to 1846. This project draws on late 18th and early 19th century primary Spanish documents and secondary sources to help understand the context of indigenous people's adaptive and response behaviors during this period as well as the nuances of their perspective and experience. Using both electronic and physical documents from a number of archival databases, primary Spanish documents were translated and correlated with baptismal and death mission records. This allowed for formulating alternative perspectives and putting indigenous response and resistance into context. The results of this study indicated that when acts of resistance to the colonial mission system led by charismatic Native American leaders are placed into chronological order, it appears these responses did not consist of isolated incidents. Rather, they appear to be connected through complex networks of communication and organization, and formal Native American armed resistance grew more intensive over time.</p>
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Hausmann, Stephen Robert. "Inventing Indian Country: Race and Environment in the Black Hills Region, 1851-1981." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/601514.
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History<br>Ph.D.<br>In 1972, a flood tore through Rapid City, South Dakota, killing 238 people. Many whose lives and homes were destroyed lived in a predominately Native American neighborhood known as “Osh Kosh Camp.” This dissertation asks: why did those people lived in that neighborhood at that time? The answer lies at the intersection of the histories of race and environment in the American West. In the Black Hills region, white Americans racialized certain spaces under the conceptual framework of Indian Country as part of the process of American conquest on the northern plains beginning in the mid-nineteenth century. The American project of racializing Western spaces erased Indians from histories of Rapid City, a process most obviously apparent in the construction of Mount Rushmore as a tourist attraction. Despite this attempted erasure, Indians continued to live and work in the city and throughout the Black Hills. In Rapid City, rampant discrimination forced Native Americans in Rapid City to live in neighborhoods cut off from city services, including Osh Kosh Camp After the flood, activists retook the Indian Country concept as a tool of protest. This dissertation claims that environment and race must be understood together in the American West.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Blubaugh, Hannah Patrice. ""Self-Determination without Termination:" The National Congress of American Indians and Defining Self-Determination Policy during the Kennedy and Johnson Administrations." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1533051153006372.
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Otsuka, Cuyler. "Aloha, Marriage Equality: Unsettling Gay Constructions of Paradise." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1399982466.
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Love, Christopher J. "The Friends of the Indians and Their Foes: A Reassessment of the Dawes Act Debate." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1374061588.
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Gunderson, Christopher. "The provocative cocktail| Intellectual origins of the Zapatista uprising, 1960--1994." Thesis, City University of New York, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3589725.
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<p> Drawing on critical currents in the study of contentious politics and the formation of class, racial and political identities, this dissertation seeks to account for the intellectual origins and global resonance of Zapatismo, the distinctive political discourse and practices of the <i> Ejercito Zapatista de Liberación Nacional </i> (Zapatista National Liberation Army or EZLN) in Chiapas, Mexico. It is an historical sociological case study that combines archival research and interviews with participants in, and observers of, the indigenous campesino movement in Chiapas to construct an intellectual history of the indigenous Mayan communities that form the EZLN's bases of popular support. It elaborates a theoretical account of anti-systemic social movements and other forms of contentious politics as expressions of what Marx called the realization of "species being," "the real movement which abolishes the present state of things" or communism. The study finds that the training of catechists by the Diocese of San Cristóbal de Las Casas produced a layer of organic indigenous campesino intellectuals who became first the leaders of the indigenous campesino movement and later of the EZLN. The study argues that Zapatismo is a product not only of transformations in the political economy of Chiapas and Mexico but of a process of emergent collective revolutionary political subjectivity on the part of the indigenous communities that occurred in the context of a global crisis in revolutionary theory arising out of the contradictory experiences of the socialist revolutions of the 20<sup> th</sup> century. Specifically the study argues that Zapatismo is a synthesis of proto-communist elements from the traditional religious worldview of their communities, the liberation theology of the Diocese, the Maoism of several organizations that assisted the communities in the construction of independent peasant organizations, and the left-wing revolutionary nationalism of the EZLN's parent organization, the <i>Fuerzas de Liberación Nacional </i> (FLN) inspired by the Cuban and Nicaraguan Revolutions. The dissertation is a contribution both to the literature on the origins of the Zapatistas and to the development of a Marxist theory of revolutionary social movements and peasant insurgencies.</p>
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Ricciardelli, Taryn. "The hinterlands of Town Creek| A settlement pattern study of the Mississippian occupation of the North Carolina Piedmont." Thesis, East Carolina University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1598206.
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<p> The Town Creek mound site, located in Montgomery County, North Carolina, is classified as Mississippian based on the archaeological evidence for intensive maize agriculture, the presence of complicated stamped ceramics, and the presence of an earthen platform mound. In my research, I studied hinterland sites within a 40-km radius of the mound site to determine how Mississippian settlement patterns in the surrounding region changed through time. I used ceramic analysis and the presence and absence of diagnostic artifacts to create an occupational history of hinterland sites. I also used spatial analysis to delineate polity boundaries and compare spatial patterns to others established in the region. When ceramic and spatial data were combined, patterns emerged suggesting that fewer hinterland sites were occupied during the height of Town Creek’s occupation, and more hinterland sites were occupied when Town Creek’s population was dwindling. These patterns suggest that as people moved away from Town Creek, they were relocating within the mound site’s immediate vicinity. Spatial analysis also showed a break in hinterland sites at 18 km during all of Town Creek’s occupation, indicating that the administrative center at Town Creek had an influence of at least 18 km.</p>
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Smith, Sarah Elizabeth. "Colonial contacts and individual burials| Structure, agency, and identity in 19th century Wisconsin." Thesis, The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1571930.
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<p> Individual burials are always representative of both individuals and collective actors. The physical remains, material culture, and represented practices in burials can be used in concert to study identities and social personas amongst individual and collective actors. These identities and social personas are the result of the interaction between agency and structure, where both individuals and groups act to change and reproduce social structures. </p><p> The three burials upon which this study is based are currently held in the collections of the Milwaukee Public Museum. They are all indigenous burials created in Wisconsin in the 19<sup>th</sup> century. Biological sex, stature, age, and pathologies were identified from skeletal analysis and the material culture of each burial was analyzed using a Use/Origin model to attempt to understand how these individuals negotiated and constructed identities within a colonial system.</p>
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Barragan, Denise Eileen. "Native Americans in social studies curriculum: An Alabama case study." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278722.
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This study describes how some members of the Cherokee Tribe of Northeast Alabama, a state recognized community, reacts to the ways in which Native peoples are represented in the social studies curriculum of DeKalb County, Alabama. Tribal members, ages 30--80 were interviewed about their educational experiences, as well as about their perspectives on the current curriculum. Social studies curricula of this school district, as well as elsewhere in the Alabama public school system, portrays Native peoples in a negative manner, and through the interviews and an extensive analysis of the curriculum, specific examples of these negative portrayals are pinpointed. This study specifically looks at the content, language and illustrations of seven state adopted textbooks, resulting in some specific recommendations on how teachers, as well as administrators, could improve the curriculum.
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Swanner, Leandra Altha. "Mountains of Controversy: Narrative and the Making of Contested Landscapes in Postwar American Astronomy." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10781.
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Beginning in the second half of the twentieth century, three American astronomical observatories in Arizona and Hawai'i were transformed from scientific research facilities into mountains of controversy. This dissertation examines the histories of conflict between Native, environmentalist, and astronomy communities over telescope construction at Kitt Peak, Mauna Kea, and Mt. Graham from the mid-1970s to the present. I situate each history of conflict within shifting social, cultural, political, and environmental tensions by drawing upon narrative as a category of analysis. Astronomers, environmentalist groups, and the Native communities of the Tohono O'odham Nation, the San Carlos Apaches, and Native Hawaiians deployed competing cultural constructions of the mountains--as an ideal observing site, a "pristine" ecosystem, or a spiritual temple--and these narratives played a pivotal role in the making of contested landscapes in postwar American astronomy.<br>History of Science
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Schneider, Leann G. "Capturing Otherness on Canvas: 16th - 18th century European Representation of Amerindians and Africans." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1437430892.
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Ford, Claudia Jeanne. "Weed Women, All Night Vigils, and the Secret Life of Plants: Negotiated Epistemologies of Ethnogynecological Plant Knowledge in American History." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1442086935.
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Mayer, Eve. "Troublesome Children: Mormon Families, Race, and United States Westward Expansion, 1848-1893." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10711.
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Debates over Mormons in the nineteenth century United States were rarely solely about Mormonism. This dissertation examines the ways in which Utah-oriented discourses of outsider groups influenced political debates at the local, regional, and national levels between 1848 and 1893. As recent studies by Sarah Barringer Gordon and Terryl Givens have shown, the conflicts around which these discourses developed pertained to Mormons and polygamy specifically, but also to broader questions of religious freedom, racial diversity, and the extent to which a community might operate autonomously within the United States. The dissertation expands on decades-old analyses of visual and literary representations of Mormons, considering intertextual dynamics and drawing on a broad source base including non-traditional artifacts such as government reports, objects, maps, and personal writing. My analysis of the changing attitudes towards and representations of Mormon settlement is informed by the growing historiographies of anti-polygamy, anti-Mormonism, and the relationship between gender, family and empire. Examining anti-polygamy discourse through the lens of settler colonialism offers a fresh perspective on the motives, anxieties, and priorities of United States policymakers seeking control of the resources and people of the Great Basin. I will argue that this analytical viewpoint, which has been used primarily in indigenous and subaltern studies, can also be meaningfully applied to a religious sect that was part of the racial majority. Exploring objections to Mormon settlement over time reveals the extent to which Mormon self-fashioning was seen as potentially destabilizing to Anglo-American categories of race and gender—and the profound implications of those categories in political and economic terms. Overall, my analysis reinforces the significance of monogamy as a means of maintaining political control and enforcing racial order. The resolution of the “Mormon Question” in favor of the prevailing kinship model contributed to gendered imperial practices of the United States in the subsequent period of overseas expansion. As a site of confrontation between United States expansionism and distinct social and cultural configurations, the Great Basin was a principal laboratory for the development and testing of issues of United States colonial policy prior to the Spanish-American War.
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Hahn, Miriam. "Playing Hippies and Indians: Acts of Cultural Colonization in the Theatre of the American Counterculture." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1400171772.
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Antill, Drew M. "A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON THE PORTRAYAL OF MARGINALIZED POPULATIONS IN RICHARD WRIGHT’S NATIVE SON AND ART SPIEGELMAN’S MAUS." Ohio Dominican University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=odu159565417796252.
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Weatherford, Jessica A. "A Hard Kick between His Blue Blue Eyes: The Decolonizing Potential of Indigenous Rage in Sherman Alexie’s “The Business of Fancydancing” and “Indian Killer”." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1250789641.
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Richardson, Marvin M. "Challenging the South's black-white binary| Haliwa-Saponi Indians and political autonomy." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1538138.
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<p> This thesis explores how the Haliwa-Saponi Indians Halifax and Warren County, North Carolina, challenged the Jim Crow black-white racial classification system between the 1940s and 1960s. To seek political autonomy the Indians worked with and against the dominant strategies of the civil rights movement. The Indians strategically developed Indian-only political and social institutions such as the Haliwa Indian Club, Haliwa Indian School, and Mount Bethel Indian Baptist Church by collaborating with Indians and whites alike. Internal political disagreement led to this diversity of political strategies after 1954, when school desegregation became an issue throughout the nation. One faction of Meadows Indians embraced a racial identity as "colored" and worked within the existing black-white political and institutional system, while another group eschewed the "colored" designation and, when necessary, asserted a separate political identity as Indians; as such, they empowered themselves to take advantage of the segregated status quo.</p>
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Kane, Victoria Eileen. "False Lips and a Naughty Tongue: Rumors and 18th Century Native Americans." W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625992.
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Uhrig, Megan Nicole. "The Andean Exception: An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Absence of Large-Scale Indigenous Social Mobilization in Peru." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365603733.
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Nolan, Raymond Anthony. "Clean my land: American Indians, tribal sovereignty, and the Environmental Protection Agency." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20509.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>History<br>Bonnie Lynn-Sherow<br>This dissertation is a case study of the Isleta Pueblos of central New Mexico, the Quapaw tribe of northeast Oklahoma, and the Osage Nation of northcentral Oklahoma, and their relationship with the federal government, and specifically the Environmental Protection Agency. As one of the youngest federal agencies, operating during the Self-Determination Era, it seems the EPA would be open to new approaches in federal Indian policy. In reality, the EPA has not reacted much differently than any other historical agency of the federal government. The EPA has rarely recognized the ability of Indians to take care of their own environmental problems. The EPA’s unwillingness to recognize tribal sovereignty was no where clearer than in 2005, when Republican Senator James Inhof of Oklahoma added a rider to his transportation bill that made it illegal in Oklahoma for tribes to gain primary control over their environmental protection programs without first negotiating with, and gaining permission of, the state government of Oklahoma. The rider was an erosion of the federal trust relationship with American Indian tribes (as tribes do not need to heed state laws over federal laws) and an attack on native ability to judge tribal affairs. Oklahoma’s tribes, and Indian leaders from around the nation, worked to get the new law overturned, but the EPA decided to help tribes work within the confines of the new law. Despite the EPA’s stance on the new law, the tribes continued to try to fight back, as they had in the past when challenged by paternalistic federal policy. The EPA treated the Quapaws and Isletas in a similar fashion. Thus, the thesis of this study is that the EPA failed to respect the abilities of American Indian nations, as did federal agencies of years before, to manage their own affairs. Historians have largely neglected the role the EPA has played in recent Indian history and are just now beginning to document how deliberate efforts at self-determination have been employed by tribes for centuries in America.
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Lindsay, Audrey K. "Perspectives on pictographs| Differences in rock art recording frameworks of the Rattlesnake Canyon pictograph panel." Thesis, Northern Arizona University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1595010.
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<p>Rock art documentation often draws from a range of recording perspectives, in which each framework facilitates different recording goals, preconceptions, and methods. As a result, each recording project collects different types of information from a rock art panel. The intricate and visually striking rock art murals painted on rockshelter walls in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands of southwestern Texas demand and benefit from the application of artistic, avocational archaeological, and professional archaeological documentation frameworks. </p><p> This research provided a case study that analyzed different recording projects of the Rattlesnake Canyon mural (41VV180), a Pecos River style pictograph panel located in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands. I applied a critical theoretical framework and the concept of “capta” to review and analyze the rock art documentation perspectives, methods, and materials collected from three major recording projects of the Rattlesnake Canyon mural. I focused on projects completed by artist Forrest Kirkland, the Texas Archeological Society (TAS) avocational archaeological Rock Art Task Force (RATF), and an illustration of the Shumla Archaeological Research and Education Center’s (Shumla) recording process, to examine differences between artistic, avocational archaeological, and professional archaeological recording frameworks and methods. </p><p> This case study demonstrated the ways in which the specific framework or perspective of a recorder influenced the methods selected for documentation and the types of information collected during rock art recording. The results of this critical analysis showed that the different recording projects shared a similar goal: to preserve the Rattlesnake Canyon mural for future generations and continued archaeological study. The three different projects, however, drew from distinct recording frameworks that influenced the overall conception of the panel, the methods selected for recording, and the types of information collected. </p><p> In this case study, I suggested that rock art researchers, specifically those from a professional archaeological framework, value the incorporation of different perspectives and methods into rock art documentation. The inclusion of varied perspectives and methods brings different skillsets and expertise to rock art recording. In addition, each recording project gathers different kinds of information from rock art murals that can be used in different ways by subsequent recorders, researchers, and land managers. This critical analysis of previous rock art recording projects also demonstrated that existing rock art documentation legacy materials continue to serve as productive resources for further research, management, and public education purposes. </p>