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Skoczylas, Frances Anne. "The concept of sacred war in Ancient Greece." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26920.
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This thesis will trace the origin and development of the term "Sacred War" in the corpus of extant Greek literature. This term has been commonly applied by modern scholars to four wars which took place in ancient Greece between the sixth and fourth centuries B. C. The modern use of "the attribute "Sacred War" to refer to these four wars in particular raises two questions. First, did the ancient historians give all four of these wars the title "Sacred War?" And second, what justified the use of this title only for certain conflicts?
In order to resolve the first of these questions, it is necessary to examine in what terms the ancient historians referred to these wars. As a result of this examination, it is clear that only two of the modern series of "Sacred Wars" (the so-called Second and Third Sacred Wars) were actually given this title in antiquity. The other two wars (the so-called Second and Third Sacred Wars), although they were evidently associated by the ancients with the "Sacred Wars," were not given this attribution. Consequently, the habit of grouping all four wars together as "Sacred Wars" is modern. Nevertheless, the fact that the ancients did see some connection between these wars does justify this modern classification to some degree.
Once this conclusion had been reached, it became possible to proceed to the second of the problems presented in this thesis, namely the justification for the application of the title "Sacred War" to two specific conflicts. In order to achieve this aim, those conflicts labelled "Sacred Wars" by the ancient historians were compared to two categories of test cases: the other two conflicts classified as "Sacred Wars" by modern scholars and conflicts which share elements in common with "Sacred Wars" but which are not given this attribution by ancient or modern authorities.
In the course of this comparison, I discovered that little differentiated the so-called "Sacred Wars" from the non-"Sacred Wars" and that all of these latter conflicts appear equally worthy of the title as those which were in fact given this attribution. The deciding factor in the classification of a certain conflict as a "Sacred War," as a result, lies not in the specific elements making up its constitution but rather in the political circumstances surrounding it. The two conflicts labelled by the ancients as "Sacred Wars" were given this title by contemporary powers in order to justify military interference in the political affairs of other states which might otherwise have been considered unnecessary. Thus, the term "Sacred War" arose originally as the result of an effective propaganda campaign.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Classical, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, Department of<br>Graduate
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Siapkas, Johannes. "Heterological Ethnicity : Conceptualizing Identities in Ancient Greece." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3949.
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Tanner, Jeremy James. "The invention of art history : religion, society and artistic differentiation in ancient Greece." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296707.
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Morton, Amanda S. "Unconventional Weapons, Siege Warfare, and the Hoplite Ideal." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313569557.
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Pahl, Brenton. "From Ancient Greece to Surrealism: The Changing Faces of the Minotaur." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1511613466777073.
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Bershadsky, Natasha. "Pushing the boundaries of myth| Transformations of ancient border wars in Archaic and Classical Greece." Thesis, The University of Chicago, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3557392.
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<p> The dissertation explores the phenomenon of long-running border wars, which are believed to have been ubiquitous in Archaic Greece. Two most famous confrontations are examined in depth: the war between Eretria and Chalcis over the Lelantine Plain, and the struggle between Sparta and Argos over the territory of Thyreatis. It is suggested that in the Archaic period these disputed territories were contested in recurrent ritual battles. The battles took place in the framework of peace agreement between the neighboring cities, so that the disputed territory constituted a sacred common space for the opposing cities. The participants in ritual battles belonged to the social class of <i> hippeis,</i> for whom the battles both expressed their local identity and reaffirmed the Panhellenic values, underlying aristocratic inter-<i> polis</i> ties. The ritual battles reenacted mythical destructive confrontations, which were imagined to result in death of all combatants; however, the ritual battle themselves, which were normally non-lethal, were led according to strict rules and represented the enactment of the hoplite ideal. The tradition of the aristocratic ritual battles began to break down in the middle of the sixth century, when, following the adoption of a more aggressive style of warfare, the border territories that had been ritually contested became annexed by one city-state. However, the myths of confrontations between neighboring cities did not lose their ideological power. In the Classical period, these myths constituted a contested ideological territory in the inter- and intra-<i>polis</i> struggles between democratic and oligarchic political camps. In particular, the myths about the confrontation between neighboring cities were adopted by democratic regimes as their foundational narratives. </p>
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Kilker, Laurie A. "Dining like Divinities: Evidence for Ritual and Marital Dining by Women in Ancient Greece." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1229092295.
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Elliott, Lisa Marie. "Gendering the Production and Consumption of Wine and Olive Oil in Ancient Greece." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1150917284.
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McCotter, Stephen Edward John. "The strategy and tactics of siege warfare in the early Byzantine period : from Constantine to Heraclius." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318794.
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Romanos, Chloe Lea. "Handmade burnished ware in Late Bronze Age Greece and its makers." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2963/.
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This study focuses on the idiosyncratic type of pottery called Handmade Burnished Ware (HBW) which appears in the Eastern Mediterranean and more particularly in the Mycenaean area during the 13th-12th centuries BC. It includes my own in corpore study of published and unpublished material from various sites in the Aegean region, as well as previously unstudied material from Mycenae itself. A major part of the study is devoted to a detailed definition of the chronological, geographical and depositional contexts of HBW, of its shapes and its varieties, in terms both of fabric and manufacture. This analysis was a necessary prerequisite to my goals of understanding the origin(s) and distribution of this pottery, of determining whether it is one ware or several similar ones and of understanding its role and significance in the social, economic and historical contexts in which it appeared. I conclude that this group of pottery is a cultural marker for the presence of a small foreign population who produced these vessels and were living amongst the local population already during the Mycenaean Palatial (LH IIIB) period but also in the following phase (LH IIIC), after the major destructions. The close relationship of this cultural marker, whether contextual, technological or in terms of origin, with several different types of artefacts linked to craft activities such as textile production or bronze-smithing, seems to point toward the interpretation of the occupation of the HBW makers as possible travelling artisans.
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Kasseri, Alexandra. "Archaic trade in the northern Aegean : the case of Methone in Pieria, Greece." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:48f2cf91-f266-4d32-9521-680da39f0acd.
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Recent discoveries near the village of Nea Agathoupoli, in Pieria, Greece have revealed the remains of an ancient town, identifiable with the ancient town of Methone, a putative Eretrian colony founded, according to Plutarch, in ca. 733 BC. From the material excavated so far, the town’s zenith was in the Late Geometric and Archaic periods, well documented by the high amounts of imports from all regions of the ancient world, especially by imported transport vessels. The significant percentage of transport amphorae in comparison to that of fine pottery strongly indicates the settlement's commercial character and suggests that Methone was operating as a redistribution centre which supplied Macedonia's hinterland with goods. This study is based on unpublished pottery analyzed here, for the first time. Among the regions, whose products are most popular in Methone are Chios and Athens, although more Eastern Greek towns such as Samos and Miletus had trading relations with Methone, too. Settlers from the these regions may have established themselves in Methone, but the initiative for the foundation of the town was, most probably, taken by Euboeans, whose activity in the Northern Aegean, in the Geometric period, was strong. Alongside the abundant imported vessels, a large amount of locally made transport vessels was unearthed. These early archaic amphora types (early 6<sup>th</sup> century BC), which have also been found in other sites in the Northern Aegean and possibly Northern Ionia, have been known in literature by my study. The discovery of these local transport vessels reveals participation by the local population in trading transactions and manufacture of a product which was packaged and circulated among the Northern Aegean towns. A mixed cultural environment starts to form in archaic Methone and includes Euboeans, Eastern Greeks, local Thracians and others, including Macedonian neighbours. Having emerged as the most powerful military force of the area, the Macedonians residing in nearby Bottiaia, constantly expanding, were, arguably, involved in the commercial activities at Methone. This study suggests that because of Methone's geographical location and proximity to the capital of the Macedonian kingdom, Aigai (modern Vergina), Methone functioned as the capital's face to the sea, as the royal harbour of Macedonia, until it was destroyed by Philip II, in 354 BC when all activities related to trade moved to neighbouring Pydna. Methone's finds together with other Northern Aegean settlements mentioned in this study reveal how important, even indispensable, this part of the ancient world was to the commercial networks of the archaic Mediterranean. The Northern Aegean is, therefore, not only well integrated into networks connecting southern and Eastern Greece, Egypt and the Levantine coast, but constitutes a vital part of them from the 8<sup>th</sup> century BC, onwards.
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Jim, Suk Fong. "Gifts to the Gods : Aparchai, Dekatai and related offerings in Archaic and Classical Greece." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:46767d83-0b32-4ebd-8f26-457a785f2478.
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This study is about one of the most ubiquitous and yet little studied aspects of ancient Greek religion, the offering of so-called ‘first-fruits’ (aparchai) and tithes (dekatai) in Archaic and Classical Greece (c.700-300 B.C.). A widespread and traditional custom all over Greece and the Greek Mediterranean, the offering of ‘first-fruits’ and tithes entailed using a portion of the proceeds from a diversity of human activities (such as craft-work, fishing, trade, military expeditions) to present something to the gods. I look at the different kinds of aparchai and dekatai offered to the Greek gods by individuals and states under various circumstances, the various contexts in which the language and practice of making such offerings were used, the deployment of this religious custom in politics, and the transformation of a voluntary practice into a religious obligation. Ultimately, however, my major concern is with questions of religious psychology: why people should bring aparchai and dekatai to the gods, and what motivations and expectations they might have had. Because it was such a commonplace practice, the custom has been taken simply as a given in both ancient and modern scholarship; and no attempt has been made to explain its religious significance. By drawing on current anthropological studies of gift-giving, I argue that that aparchai and dekatai do not merely give to the gods, but give back to the gods some of the benefits granted by the divinities in the first place, reflecting first and foremost a sense of dependence on the divine. I suggest that the offering of aparchai and dekatai may be thought of as a means of settling men’s debts to, and thereby maintaining good relations with, the gods, who were considered the sources of both goods and evils. I challenge the emphasis, common in modern scholarship, on material returns as the central motive behind the act of bringing gifts to the gods. Instead I suggest that the study of gift-giving between humans and the divine should embrace the possibility that psychological feelings of dependence on and gratitude to the gods might also have been involved.
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Akture, Zeynep. "A Typology Of Ancient Theatres In Modern Spain And Greece - A Geo-historical Approach." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605994/index.pdf.
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This study offers an inquiry into the historical context of the invention, consolidation, and on-going popularity of the ancient theatre typology based on the Greek-Roman &<br>#8216<br>binarism&<br>#8217<br>, for a better understanding of its philosophical and theoretical foundations. It scrutinises those foundations in order to discover, in their limitations for an assessment and restitution of the architectural characteristics of extant ancient theatre remains, a new set of variables for devising an alternative method of classification that adopts the &<br>#8216<br>network&<br>#8217<br>model. The classification made on the basis of the geographical distribution of the extant ancient theatre remains in modern Spain and Greece according to their size, their construction period, and the construction technique applied in their cavea enables an interpretation of Roman period theatre construction activity in these two regions of the Mediterranean from a &<br>#8216<br>geo-historical&<br>#8217<br>point of view, in the light of the variety of processes expressed by the term &<br>#8216<br>Romanisation&<br>#8217<br>. A comparative analysis of the examples in the two study areas along Fernand Braudel&<br>#8217<br>s three historical time planes reveals the structural differences between the two corresponding provinces of the Roman Empire, highlighting the usefulness of adopting a &<br>#8216<br>rhizomatic&<br>#8217<br>model instead of a &<br>#8216<br>binary&<br>#8217<br>one in typological studies of ancient theatre architecture for their better integration into contemporary discourses emphasizing &<br>#8216<br>cultural diversity&<br>#8217<br>and &<br>#8216<br>change&<br>#8217<br>in the Mediterranean basin.
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Kears, Matthew John. "Metics and identity in democratic Athens." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5046/.
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This thesis investigates the metics, or resident aliens, in democratic Athens and how they affected ideas of identity, with a particular focus on the fourth century BC. It looks at definitions of the metics and how the restrictions and obligations which marked their status operated; how these affected their lives and their image, in their own eyes and those of the Athenians; how the Athenians erected and maintained a boundary of status and identity between themselves and the metics, in theory and in practice; and how individuals who crossed this boundary could present themselves and be characterised, especially in the public context of the lawcourts. The argument is that the metics served as a contradiction of and challenge to Athenian ideas about who they were and what made them different from others. This challenge was met with responses which demonstrate the flexibility of identity in Athens, and its capacity for variety, reinvention and contradiction.
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Carvalho, Rafael Virgílio de [UNESP]. "A piedade epicureia e a formação do campo politikós do Jardim." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93401.
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carvalho_rv_me_assis.pdf: 576590 bytes, checksum: 2889232b38156ba6c46e5582a11e7220 (MD5)<br>Em finais do século IV a.C., as fronteiras socioculturais do mundo grego já haviam sido abertas por Alexandre Magno, as poleis já não tinham a mesma autonomia que outrora, o demos já não estava mais absorto nos assuntos públicos e a religiosidade conseguia manter a duras penas sua identidade tradicional pátria. O filósofo Epicuro foi fruto desse contexto e, como tal, esforçou-se para suprir a alma humana com princípios que pudessem ainda lhe elevar ao Olimpo. Contudo, mesmo pregando o apolitismo, sendo um espírito humanista e cosmopolita, não se pode dizer que se absteve da prática politiké. Este termo grego é um adjetivo que faz referência à politeía, a “prática da cidadania”, cujo campo, diferentemente da contemporaneidade, abrangia o espaço da política e da religiosidade. O mestre do Jardim, de modo aparentemente contraditório, orientava seus discípulos a exercitarem sua cidadania e, como cidadão de Atenas, anunciava suas participações nos principais festivais públicos da polis. Assim, a proposta desta dissertação lança a análise à compreensão do campo politikós do Jardim a partir dos valores que o estruturaram e sob a problemática da abalada piedade do período. A ruptura de Epicuro com o platonismo, que fez parte de sua formação filosófica juvenil, mostra-se decisiva para o entendimento de sua postura politiké e é esta a hipótese de que parte o estudo.<br>At the end of the fourth century BC, the socio-cultural boundaries of the Greek world had been opened by Alexander the Great, the poleis no longer had the same autonomy that once, the demo was no longer absorbed in public affairs, religion, the hard way could maintain their traditional identity homeland. The philosopher Epicurus was the result of that context and as such trengthening to meet the human soul with principles that could still elevate him to Olympus. However, even the apolitical preaching, being a humanist and cosmopolitan, you can not say who abstained from the politiké practice. This Greek word is an adjective that refers to politeía, the practice of citizenship, the field, unlike the contemporary, covering the space of politics and religion. The Master's Garden, so seemingly contradictory, directed his followers to exercise their citizenship and, as a citizen of Athens, announced its participation in major public festivals of the polis. The proposal of this dissertation introduces the analysis to the understanding of politikós field the Garden from the values in the structured and the problem of shaken piety of the period. The rupture of Epicurus with Platonism, which was part of his philosophical youth, seems crucial to understanding his politiké stance and this hypothesis is that part of the study.
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Baleriaux, Julie. "Religious landscapes, places of meaning : the religious topography of Arcadia from the end of the Bronze Age to the early imperial period." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4d515b1e-a4c3-4050-9679-24a9c8f4c4e3.
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The thesis examines the religious topography of Arcadia through two particular aspects: the built and the natural landscape, and how each relates to human communities, their places of living, and their understanding of the world around. It relies on the assumption commonly made in the field that, since ritual practice was of prevalent importance for the Greeks, cult sites are the most important places for the communities, and therefore they can tell us a lot about the people who built, visited and looked after them. The first part rests on the acknowledgement that sanctuaries are places of interaction for a certain community of cult (which can but need not overlap with a given polis) and explores how they can be indicators of social change, defined here as responses to changes with large impact on the human milieu. These changes and their response articulated in sacred space are identified in four chapters. The first sets the stage and surveys the known sacred sites of Arcadia at the end of the Bronze Age and during the Early Iron Age. The second looks at how the building of temples after the eighth century indicates a significant change in the way communities were structured in Arcadia. The third looks at how Arcadian sanctuaries responded to the increased religious mobility of the Classical and Hellenistic period. Finally, chapter four evaluates the impact of the Roman conquest on Arcadian religious sites. The second part explores how myths and rationalising discourses allowed the Greeks to make sense of the salient characteristics and numen of their surrounding natural landscape. Each of the three chapters departs from a situation observed in Arcadia by ancient sources and examines the responses articulated to explain it. Among the variety of topics to pursue, three have been selected because they exemplify a typical characteristic of Arcadia: its wetness. They also allow spatial areas that were less prominent in part one to be explored. The first chapter investigates the attribution of Mycenaean waterworks in Arcadia to Herakles in myth. The second chapter examines the connection made in ancient sources between Poseidon's lordship over the Peloponnese, earthquakes, floods and cults of Poseidon Hippios in Arcadia. Finally, the last chapter explores the apparent contradiction of having infernal rivers observable in the world of the living, such as the Styx flowing in the Aroania Mountains.
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Beardmore, Michael Ian. "Ancient weather signs : texts, science and tradition." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4103.
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This thesis offers a new contextualisation of weather signs, naturally occurring terrestrial indicators of weather change (from, for example, animals, plants and atmospheric phenomena), in antiquity. It asks how the utility of this method of prediction was perceived and presented in ancient sources and studies the range of answers given across almost eight hundred years of Greek and Roman civilisation. The presentation of weather signs is compared throughout to that of another predictive method, astrometeorology, which uses the movement of the stars as markers of approaching weather. The first chapter deals with the presentation and discussion of weather signs in a range of Greek texts. It sees hesitant trust being placed in weather signs, lists of which were constructed so as to be underpinned by astronomical knowledge. The second chapter assesses how these Greek lists were received and assimilated into Roman intellectual discourse by looking to the strikingly similar practice of divining by portents. This lays the foundations for the final chapter, which describes and explains the Roman treatment of weather signs. Here, the perceived utility of weather signs can be seen to reduce rapidly as the cultural significance of astronomy reaches new heights. This thesis provides new readings and interpretations of a range of weather-based passages and texts, from the Pseudo-Theophrastan De Signis, to Lucan's Pharsalia, to Pliny's Natural History, many of which have previously been greatly understudied or oversimplified. It allows us to understand the social and scientific place of weather prediction in the ancient world and therefore how abstract and elaborate ideas and theories filtered in to the seemingly commonplace and everyday. I argue that between the 7th century BC and the end of the 1st century AD, the treatment of weather signs changes from being framed in fundamentally practical terms to one in which practical considerations were negligible or absent. As this occurred, astrometeorology comes to be seen as the only predictive method worthy of detailed attention. These two processes, I suggest, were linked.
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Fabule, Deborah Kory. "Information-gathering and the strategic use of culture in Herodotus." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6853.
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Thesis (MPhil (Ancient Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this thesis is to examine examples of information-gathering and political intelligence in Herodotus' Histories. In Herodotus' account, dialogues, anecdotes, and even inserted authorial commentary describe how leaders obtain politically relevant and timely information about other individuals and nations (intelligence). Herodotus links political decisions, based on gathered information, with his presentation of historical causation. In his multi-themed account, Herodotus provides tales of commissioned information-gathering missions, espionage, secret messages, and even disguises as nations and political leaders attempt to find out about their enemies and their allies. While the various anecdotes of information-gathering may not be historically precise, they may, in fact, infer real goals and problems of ancient Greek intelligence practices.
The second purpose of this thesis is to explore Herodotus' use of cultural information within decision-making and statecraft. Herodotus presents nomos (culture or custom) as a compelling force for human behavior and military action. By articulating the importance of cultural information to political and military intelligence, Herodotus' work foreshadows modern intelligence theories and practices. This nomos-aspect of Herodotus' information-gathering anecdotes is especially relevant to current post-modern trend of culturally-based intelligence solutions to western counter-insurgency efforts.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoofdoel van hierdie tesis is om voorbeelde van inligtingversameling en politieke intellegensie in Herodotus se Histories te ondersoek. In Herodotus se verslae, dialoë, anekdotes en selfs ingevoegde ouktoriele kommentaar word daar beskryf hoe leiers polities relevante en aktuele inligting oor ander indiwidue en nasies (intellegensie) verkry. Herodotus verbind politieke besluite, gebaseer op ingewinde inligting, met sy voorstelling van historiese kousaliteitsleer. In sy vertellings met meervoudige temas, verskaf Herodotus verhale van opdragte wat gegee is vir inligtingsinwinningsendings, spioenasiewerk, geheime boodskappe en selfs vermommings waarmee nasionale en politieke leiers gepoog het om uit te vind oor hul vyande en bondgenote. Terwyl die verskeie anekdotes van inligtinginwinning moontlik nie histories presies is nie, is hulle dalk in werklikheid afgelei van regte doelstellings en probleme van antieke Griekse intellegensiepraktyke.
Die tweede doel van hierdie tesis is om ondersoek in te stel na Herodotus se gebruik van kulturele inligting in besluitneming en regeerkuns. Herodotus stel nomos (kultuur of gebruik) as ‟n dwingende krag vir menslike gedrag en militêre aksie voor. Deur die belangrikheid van kulturele inligting vir politieke en militêre intellegensie te artikuleer, is Herodotus se werk ‟n voorafskaduwing van moderne intellegensie teorieë en praktyke. Hierdie nomos-aspek van Herodotus se inligtingsinwinningsanekdotes is veral relevant vir die huidige post-modernistiese neiging van kultuur-gebaseerde intellegensieoplossings vir westerse teen-insergensie pogings.
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Nilsson, Linnéa. "Antikens barnmorskor : Männens berättelser om kvinnan." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353593.
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Bedigan, Kirsten M. "Boeotian Kabeiric ware : the significance of the ceramic offerings at the Theban Kabeirion in Boeotia." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/503/.
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This study presents a re-evaluation of the ceramic material from the sanctuary of the Kabeiroi at Thebes in Boeotia. The lack of relevant literary evidence necessitates a reliance on the archaeology as the primary means of interpretation. In particular the archaeological context and iconography of the ceramics offer an interesting and highly unusual perspective into the secretive and often peculiar nature of the Kabeiric cult. Previous studies conducted on the ceramic material have only considered it in iconographic terms, yet by reappraising the data using an analytical approach and socio-archaeological theory it is possible to acquire a deeper understanding of the operation of this cult. By examining the form and function of the ceramics we can elicit inferences relating to the role of wine and intoxication within the rituals of the sanctuary. Comparative studies between form and iconography can further develop our interpretations of the scenes as representations of cult practices. The evidence is further scrutinised for indications as to whether the Theban site is characteristic of the Kabeiric cult as a whole, or if its unique iconography demonstrates its individuality within the ancient world. The data from other Kabeiric and non-Kabeiric sanctuaries clearly indicates that cults within the Greek world were experiencing parallel development in relation to their ceramic usage. Furthermore, the ceramic material from purely Kabeiric sites also shows the same biases in the archaeological record with an emphasis on the preparation and consumption of wine. Extending this research to other archaeological material also implies a common iconographic heritage stretching beyond the boundaries of the Theban site. By considering the ceramics in a more analytical manner than that of previous research – combining archaeological, anthropological and art historical models – we can move away from the premise that the decorated Greek vase is merely a work of art. Instead it is possible to detail the sanctuary’s evolution through the development of the ceramics and to offer insights into the society that produced and utilised them.
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Barfoed, Signe. "Cult in context : the ritual significance of miniature pottery in Ancient Greek sanctuaries from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54772/.
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Several previously overlooked questions related to ancient Greek dedicatory practices are investigated in this thesis. The main questions addressed are: how do the contexts of Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic votive miniature vessels inform us about the Greek cults in which they are used, and the transmission of such cults? What role did miniaturisation play in the sanctuaries and the rituals in ancient Greek society, and why miniaturisation? A number of supplementary questions accompany the main questions, for example, what did miniaturisation mean in the context of votive dedications in sanctuaries? This thesis aims to demonstrate that earlier explanations arguing that miniatures are simply and profoundly cheap substitutes for more expensive objects do not work well, since many of these small objects are carefully made and some are elaborately decorated, and would thus not have been cheaper, or less time consuming to produce compared to full sized objects. The chronological time frame of the thesis is limited to the Archaic to the Hellenistic period, and its core is three case studies with different themes and different geographical locations in focus (Kalydon, Olympia, Kombothekra, various sites in South Italy, and other sites for comparison). The thesis addresses also issues relating to, for instance, miniaturisation, imitation and models, the functionality, and non- functionality of small votive objects, agency, trade, and colonization. The study of ancient Greek dedicatory practices within the scholarship of Classical Studies tends to concentrate on votive statues, religious architecture, inscribed metal dedications, and stelai. Little attention has been paid to less extravagant dedications even though these groups of material have been found in abundant amounts in sanctuaries throughout Greece. Moreover, in those cases where this material has been published interpretation and thoroughly analyses are often lacking. As a result, this study makes important contributions to two large questions within Classical studies: how did the Greeks view their gods and how did the Greeks interact with the gods. Miniature pottery contributes to our understanding of ancient Greek ritual practice as well of specific rituals. The work presented in this thesis accentuates that miniature pottery’s material meaning and symbolic importance can no longer be dismissed.
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Hvastija, Darka, and Jasna Kos. "Project work Is the Legacy of Ancient Greece and Rome really the Cradle of European Civilization?" Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-80221.
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In this paper the project for 15-year-old students with the title Ancient Greece and Rome and the sub-title Is the Legacy of Ancient Greece and Rome really the Cradle of European Civilization? is introduced. It shows how to connect mathematics with art, history, physics, geography and philosophy by studying ancient Greek scientists
and their achievements. Collaborative teaching is introduced. The major aim of the project was to show mathematics as a part of human civilization and to follow its development through history. Some topics from theory of numbers and geometry were studied. One part of the project was also a theatre performance, which
should make the students aware of the difficulties of many dedicated mathematicians to find the answers to some problems from the ancient times.
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Muth, Jörg. "John A. Lynn, Battle - A History of Combat and Culture from Ancient Greece to Modern Amerika / [rezensiert von] Muth Jörg." Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2036/.
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Sjöberg, Andreas. "Den antika grekiska bilden av Egypten : Författarnas och texternas beskrivning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352743.
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This thesis studies how three Greek writers differentiate between each other in their texts about ancient Egypt. The three writers included in this thesis are Herodotus, Diodorus Siculus and Plutarch. Their texts describe Egypt and its many aspects, and the names of their texts are as following; Histories and Library of History by Herodotus and Diodorus, and De Herodoti malignitate, De Iside et Osiride and Placita Philosophorum by Plutarch. This thesis is comparing these writers with each other using two case studies; The Nile and Egyptian cleanness for their gods. The case studies were chosen to limit this thesis upon two aspects of Egypt that the writers should have encountered if they went to Egypt. This brings a theory to light; if the writers' texts are truthfully representing Egypt or if their texts are nothing but literature constructions. This thesis is also looking at how Egyptians are portrayed by the writers with use of the theory the other. By reading the texts and modern literature about the writers a conclusion is made. The writers are different from each other in their descriptions of Egypt. Herodotus and Diodorus view Egypt as a wonderful land with a wonderful culture. Plutarch is also portraying Egypt with respect as Herodotus and Diodorus but does at the same time view Egypt with a more negative view. This is because Plutarch believes that the Greek culture is the foremost culture in the world. A problem with all the writers’ texts is based upon that they did not speak ancient Egyptian and could therefore not make use of all the sources presented to them. Herodotus is viewed to not even have visited Egypt. Their texts are to be looked at with a grain of salt even though they clearly tried to represent Egypt as well as they could in their texts. Their texts are to be view as a literature construction simply because the writers did not understand Egyptian and therefore relied on earlier texts about Egypt made in Greek.
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Brown, Andrew. "The common voice of the people : the importance of proclamation in Archaic and Classical Greece with special respect to Athens." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e7521ced-6aee-4a2e-81bd-f1b28acb52f7.
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The Common Voice of the People is a study of the importance of heralds and their proclamations to the communal life of the ancient Athenian polis in the Archaic and Classical periods. This dissertation aims to contribute to the growing body of modern scholarship on issues of public communication, the tension between literacy and orality, the importance of ritual in the ancient polis, and the varied roles and identities of Greek heralds. While there has been a great focus in recent scholarship on literacy and the written record, the official place of orality within the Classical polis has been neglected, and until now there has never been a full scale study of heralds and their place within the community. Building upon the recent scholarship on news dispersal within the polis I have explored the positions and roles of the ancient Athenian heralds within their community, and the historical progression of the herald’s position from Geometric Greece to the end of the Classical world. I have sought to determine what their importance and the importance of their proclamations was to the proper functioning of the Athenian community. Marshalling evidence from both literary and epigraphic evidence I employed these deductions about heralds to further explore the importance of both official state and unofficial citizen proclamations in the spread of news and within established ritual. This work explores a range of topics concerning polis life such as religion, civil communication, public notice, private citizen disinheritances and manumissions, international communication, Imperial Athenian attitudes towards subject allies, and the necessity of proclamation to the conferral of honor. The Common Voice of the People demonstrates the depth of integration of heralds and oral communication within a variety of aspects of polis life, the surprising absence of heralds from certain central aspects of internal Athenian communication, and the continued importance of orality as both a practical and ceremonial aspect of official forms of communication and ritual in an increasingly literate classical Athens.
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Ellis-Evans, Aneurin. "The coastal interface : Lesbos and Anatolia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e26eeaa3-d187-48bf-aee9-f695de27d7d4.
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This thesis is a regional history of Lesbos and the adjacent regions of Troas and Aiolis in NW Turkey during Greco-Roman antiquity. This area represents a zone of transition between the Mediterranean and inland Asia Minor, and therefore provides us with a case study of how regions which lie at the margins or beyond the theoretical framework of Horden and Purcell's The Corrupting Sea (2000) function. Rather than defining the area of study simply in terms of physical geography, I instead argue that we can identify a region which I term the coastal interface that is characterized by the overlapping and intermingling dynamics of the maritime and terrestrial worlds. This zone of transition can extend out to sea to include nearby islands which are orientated towards the mainland, for example Lesbos in the case of my thesis, or equally it can stretch inland up river valleys or along other routes of communication to places which, although out of sight of the sea, were nevertheless profoundly influenced by their connection to the maritime world. The chapters of the thesis aim to demonstrate that the concept of the coastal interface can help illuminate the social and economic history of communities living within this region, with Chapters 1-3 focusing on the Troad and Chapters 4-7 looking at Lesbos. The subjects covered include Hellenistic Ilion and the koinon of Athena Ilias (Chapter 1), Theophrastos as a source for the social and economic history of the forests of Mt. Ida (Chapter 2), large-scale state-directed horse breeding in the middle Skamander valley (Chapter 3), Mytilene's peraia in coastal Anatolia from the seventh century down to 427 (Chapter 4), Mytilene's minting of billon and electrum coinage in the fifth century (Chapter 5), the refoundation of the Lesbian koinon in the early second century BC (Chapter 6), and the Aiolian aspect of Mytilenaian identity in the first centuries BC and AD (Chapter 7).
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Bowden, Chelsea Mina. "Isocrates' Mimetic Philosophy." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1331049173.
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Dorsten, Sara E. "Priest of Wisdom: A Historical Novel Studying Ancient Greek Culture through Creative Writing." Ohio Dominican University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oduhonors1430788202.
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Barley, N. D. "The battlefield role of the Classical Greek general." Thesis, Swansea University, 2012. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43080.
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Modern studies of Classical Greek battle devote little attention to the role and importance of the general in achieving battlefield success. As a result of this the general is reduced to a simple leader of men whose only influential decision was where and when to fight, and whose major role was to provide inspiration by fighting in the front ranks. A modern conception of Hellenic fair play in warfare has further limited the importance of the general to Greek armies: apparently advanced manoeuvring and tactics were deliberately rejected in favour of a simple and direct test of strength and morale. I do not believe this to be the case, and in this study I demonstrate the importance of the general to Greek armies by offering a new analysis of his role in hoplite battle.
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Carvalho, Rafael Virgílio de. "A piedade epicureia e a formação do campo politikós do Jardim /." Assis : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93401.
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Orientador: Andrea Lucia Dorini de Oliveira Carvalho Rossi<br>Banca: Ricardo Gião Bortolotti<br>Banca: Fabio Vergara Cerqueira<br>Resumo: Em finais do século IV a.C., as fronteiras socioculturais do mundo grego já haviam sido abertas por Alexandre Magno, as poleis já não tinham a mesma autonomia que outrora, o demos já não estava mais absorto nos assuntos públicos e a religiosidade conseguia manter a duras penas sua identidade tradicional pátria. O filósofo Epicuro foi fruto desse contexto e, como tal, esforçou-se para suprir a alma humana com princípios que pudessem ainda lhe elevar ao Olimpo. Contudo, mesmo pregando o apolitismo, sendo um espírito humanista e cosmopolita, não se pode dizer que se absteve da prática politiké. Este termo grego é um adjetivo que faz referência à politeía, a "prática da cidadania", cujo campo, diferentemente da contemporaneidade, abrangia o espaço da política e da religiosidade. O mestre do Jardim, de modo aparentemente contraditório, orientava seus discípulos a exercitarem sua cidadania e, como cidadão de Atenas, anunciava suas participações nos principais festivais públicos da polis. Assim, a proposta desta dissertação lança a análise à compreensão do campo politikós do Jardim a partir dos valores que o estruturaram e sob a problemática da abalada piedade do período. A ruptura de Epicuro com o platonismo, que fez parte de sua formação filosófica juvenil, mostra-se decisiva para o entendimento de sua postura politiké e é esta a hipótese de que parte o estudo.<br>Abstract: At the end of the fourth century BC, the socio-cultural boundaries of the Greek world had been opened by Alexander the Great, the poleis no longer had the same autonomy that once, the demo was no longer absorbed in public affairs, religion, the hard way could maintain their traditional identity homeland. The philosopher Epicurus was the result of that context and as such trengthening to meet the human soul with principles that could still elevate him to Olympus. However, even the apolitical preaching, being a humanist and cosmopolitan, you can not say who abstained from the politiké practice. This Greek word is an adjective that refers to politeía, "the practice of citizenship", the field, unlike the contemporary, covering the space of politics and religion. The Master's Garden, so seemingly contradictory, directed his followers to exercise their citizenship and, as a citizen of Athens, announced its participation in major public festivals of the polis. The proposal of this dissertation introduces the analysis to the understanding of politikós field the Garden from the values in the structured and the problem of shaken piety of the period. The rupture of Epicurus with Platonism, which was part of his philosophical youth, seems crucial to understanding his politiké stance and this hypothesis is that part of the study.<br>Mestre
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Berger-Di, Donato Andrea. "THE RE-BIRTH OF DANCE THROUGH THE SOUL OF TRAGEDY: ON NIETZSCHE'S BIRTH OF TRAGEDY BECOMING BODY IN THE TEXT AND DANCE OF ISADORA DUNCAN." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/48671.
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Dance<br>Ph.D.<br>In her autobiography, Isadora Duncan recalled an assertion made by Karl Federn: "Only by Nietzsche, he said, will you come to the full revelation of dancing expression as you seek it" (Duncan 1995, 104). Duncan also told her students to read Nietzsche's The Birth of Tragedy, as if it was their "Bible" (Duncan 1928, 108). These statements justify an examination of Nietzsche's The Birth of Tragedy as an imperative source for understanding the depth of her dance philosophy. This dissertation asks what it means to see Duncan's philosophy of dance and its practice in the context of this nineteenth-century German philosopher. It examines Nietzsche's words and ideas about the birth of tragedy and how they become body in the writings and dance of Isadora Duncan.
This dissertation focuses on the philosophical idea of the "tragic idea" according to Nietzsche's and Duncan's interpretations and applications of philosophy bodied forth in dance. This tragic idea comes from an emerging idea in intellectual history initiated by followers of Kant. The idea of drawing from Greek tragedy a philosophy that could be used in philosophical thought to debate the meaning and function of art and even life was particular to German thinkers, philosophers and literati. While it drew from Greek tragic plays a philosophy, German thought on tragedy differed from the ancients in that it was applied as a philosophy for life. The ideas on Greek tragedy that Nietzsche situates his own within were developed within and against the Romantic aesthetic.
The characteristics of Romantics provide context for understanding the use of tragedy as a source for thought and art. Although Nietzsche came to oppose aspects of Romanticism, his first book was in part a dialogue with German Romantic thought and aesthetics. Nietzsche's idea of tragic philosophy in his The Birth of Tragedy is examined in precedence to Duncan's use of his book. This dissertation provides an historical contextualization of the idea of a tragic philosophy to show that Duncan's choice to base her dance philosophy on Nietzsche's tragic philosophy follows this historical philosophical thread. As Nietzsche both dedicated The Birth of Tragedy to Wagner and based the book on Wagner's interpretation of Greek tragedy (Williamson 2004, 238), and Duncan wrote on and danced to Wagner, Wagner is relevant within the specific context of understanding Duncan's dance as a philosophical practice of The Birth of Tragedy. This dissertation, then, looks into Duncan's writings as a way to read Nietzsche's The Birth of Tragedy, and through these texts to interpret some aspects alive within the Romantic mood.
In addition, this dissertation incorporates as part of both the literature and the analysis of Duncan's moving image, an embodied voice of personal experience from its writer, who has practiced this dance intimately. I weave my personal experience into the dissertation, using my experience in dancing within this dance form to reflect on the ideas presented here. The tragic idea as I see it within this movement drives the dancer's ideas about dance as an expressive art form. A tragic philosophy/wisdom motivates the imagination, the range of emotional expression and the physical body as it shapes and moves itself in, through and around space. A tragic sensibility represents a quality of investigation about the range of human experience that happens in and from out of the body. It comes from deep within the body's inner space and emotional and physical aliveness. It is an idea that the dancer is conscious of and actively engaged in as a process of dancing (for oneself) and making dance (as performative).<br>Temple University--Theses
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Welman, Thandi. "The feminine Other in Euripides’ Hecuba : exploring tensions in the masculine classical polis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80275.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis explores how the feminine Other is used by Euripides in the Hecuba to highlight certain tensions between an aristocratic ideal of manliness and a classical democratic masculinity in the fifth century Athenian polis. The first chapter will establish the masculine nature of the Athenian polis and discuss the different elements which highlight the inherent masculinity of Athenian society. The second chapter provides a socio-political context for the position of women in fifth century Athens and explores the otherness of the feminine in the masculine polis. Chapter three explores the problematic nature of speech in the democratic state and uses the feminine Other in the Hecuba to examine possible tensions between an outmoded aristocratic ethos and the democratic ideal of manliness. In the fourth chapter Euripides' use of the Other in the Hecuba is utilized to discuss violence, revenge, and masculinity in the Athenian polis. The final chapter provides a discussion on nomos and how the tensions between aristocratic and democratic ideals problematise the authority of traditional laws and how Euripides uses the feminine Other in the Hecuba to emphasise these issues.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die wyse waarop Euripides die vroulike Ander in Hecuba gebruik om spanning tussen die aristokratiese ideaal van manlikheid en die klassieke demokratiese manlikheid in die vyfde-eeuse Atheense polis na vore te bring. Die eerste hoofstuk sal die manlike aard van die Atheense polis vestig en sal die elemente wat die inherente manlikheid van die Atheense samelewing beklemtoon, bespreek. Die tweede hoofstuk vervat die sosio-politieke konteks van die vrou se posisie in vyfde-eeuse Athene en verken die andersheid van die vrou in die manlike polis. Hoofstuk drie verken die problematiese aard van spraak in die demokratiese staat en gebruik die vroulike Ander in Hecuba om moontlike spanning tussen die verouderde aristokratiese etos en die demokratiese ideaal van manlikheid te ondersoek. Die vierdie hoofstuk ondersoek Euripides se gebruik van die Ander in Hecuba om geweld, wraak en manlikheid in die Atheense polis te bespreek. Die finale hoofstuk vervat 'n bespreking van nomos en die problematiek ten opsigte van die outoriteit van tradisionele wette as gevolg van die spanning tussen aristokratiese en demokratiese ideale en Euripides se gebruik van die vroulike Ander in Hecuba om hierdie geskilpunte te beklemtoon.
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Duffy, Xavier Sean. "Monuments, memory and place : commemorations of the Persian Wars." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6727/.
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This thesis is concerned with how the Greek peoples, of primarily the classical period, collectively commemorated the Persian Wars. The data studied within this project are public monuments, which include both physical and behavioural commemorations. A quantitative methodology is employed within this thesis and is a novel approach by which to study Persian War public monuments. This method of analysis allows for a more holistic approach to the data. Through analysing commemorative monuments quantitatively this project, figuratively, re-joins object and context. Studies on Persian War commemoration tend to focus on singular monument types, individual commemorative places, a particular commemorating group, or a specific battle. To think plurally about the ancient Greek commemorative tradition is to refocus attention on the whole incorporating all known commemorative monuments, places, and groups. What emerges from this study is a varied commemorative tradition expressed over space and time. Commemoration of conflict is presented here as a process of exchange, a dialogue between the past and the present. This thesis challenges the idea that a unified pan-Hellenic memory of the Persian Wars existed from the culmination of the conflict and illustrates the varied collective memories and narratives that could be created about the past.
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McKechnie, Paul. "Greeks outside the πόλις in the fourth century B.C". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c4a32b72-db12-41a0-a813-0519fa4145e2.
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This thesis examines Greeks who in the fourth century B.C. did not live in the sovereign city- and town-sized communities in which most inhabitants of South Greece spent their lives. In it I argue that the number of Greeks living outside these communities increased very significantly during this period. I examine what Greek cities were destroyed and what Greek cities were founded in the fourth century, considering wherever possible how many Greeks are likely to have been added to or taken from the number of stateless Greeks by these destructions and foundations. I argue that until Alexander the Great and Timoleon began large programmes of settlement in the East and West respectively, there were probably many more Greeks losing their city homes than finding new ones (and that this is in contrast to the position before 400 B.C.). I consider the increasing numbers of Greek mercenaries, pirates, skilled workers and traders. Though people of widely differing kinds entered these occupations, I suggest that the way in which they all grew simultaneously in the fourth century indicates that the movement towards living outside cities was not entirely a response to difficult political circumstances in cities. Though some who were outside cities were so perforce, nevertheless an ideology which treated loosening of city ties as normal was being developed and was contrary to the established ideology whereby πόλις life was definitive of normal Greek life. I suggest that the availability of a large number of people with specialist skills from soldiering to diplomatic and literary skills created a world fit for Hellenistic Kings to live in. They could easily find recruits for their armies and courts. This contributes to explaining how Alexander and his Successors managed to conquer and subdue all Greece, which no power had previously done.
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Cooper, Carrie Elizabeth. "On the Explanation of the Wealthy Slave in Classical Athens." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19802.
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This paper seeks to explain the existence of wealthy and socially influential slaves in the fourth century BCE at Athens, Greece. I describe what went on at Athens from the late seventh century until the early third century and show that transformation in the land to labor ratio combined with cultural, legal and political changes led to a period of time where slaves acquired wealth and power. First, changes in the land to labor ratio at a time when Athens was going through vast political change led to a culture where it was socially unacceptable for a free Athenian to work for another free Athenian. Slaves could then work in sectors unavailable to free Athenians, which led them to gain wealth and eventually societal power.
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Bunge, Hans-Henning. "Comparing Ancient History Textbooks of Imperial Germany and the Weimar Republic." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1197059579.
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Weiberg, Erika. "Thinking the Bronze Age : Life and Death in Early Helladic Greece." Diss., Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7448.
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Matthews, Laura S. "DIRECTING THROUGH ANCIENT MOVEMENT: An Experiment Exploring Ancient Greek Choral Structures on the Modern Stage." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5731.
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This thesis outlines my research and creative process of how to direct modern theatre under the structure of the Ancient Greek chorus, specifically through movement. I include a brief history of how the chorus functioned in Ancient Greek theatre; how movement shaped the chorus’ role as well as the story for the audience. Using the parameters of the chorus, I directed two theatrical productions, Jason Robert Brown’s Parade, and Sarah Ruhl’s adaptation of Virginia Woolf’s Orlando. Through exploration and analysis I conclude that using Ancient Greek choral movement in modern theatre helps to create a more specific story through gesture and space, bridges the gap between the audience and action onstage, and should be the foundation of how directing is taught in academic settings.
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Tzavella, Elissavet. "Urban and rural landscape in early and middle Byzantine Attica (4th-12th c. AD)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4321/.
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The present study synthesiszes archaeological and historical evidence concerning Attica (Greece), the hinterland of Athens, in the Early and Middle Byzantine periods (4th-12th c.). Although the Byzantine monuments of Attica have been thoroughly studied, no coherent picture of how these relate to broader patterns of occupation and land usage has thus far been presented. In the main, the period under discussion is generally interpreted in three ways: Regarding Late Antiquity, research has often focused on the transition from paganism to Christianity, and to the characterisation of Attica as a ‘stronghold of paganism’. During the so-called ‘Dark-Ages’, Attica is most often presented as being ‘desolate’. Regarding the Middle Byzantine period, archaeological research is dominated by architectural and art-historical study of churches. The present study presents Attica within wider trends which took place in the Byzantine Empire, and which caused its transformation in terms of demography, settlement pattern, administration, road networks, economy, defense and ecclesiastical institutions. After a detailed catalogue and interpretation of all available archaeological material, Attica appears less ‘exceptional’ in Late Antiquity, less ‘desolate’ in the ‘Dark-Ages’, while in the Middle Byzantine period, emergence of a strong local elite matches the erection of monuments of high artistic quality.
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Foust, Kristan Ewin. "Exposing the Spectacular Body: The Wheel, Hanging, Impaling, Placarding, and Crucifixion in the Ancient World." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062805/.
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This dissertation brings the Ancient Near Eastern practice of the wheel, hanging, impaling, placarding, and crucifixion (WHIPC) into the scholarship of crucifixion, which has been too dominated by the Greek and Roman practice. WHIPC can be defined as the exposure of a body via affixing, by any means, to a structure, wooden or otherwise, for public display (Chapter 2). Linguistic analysis of relevant sources in several languages (including Egyptian hieroglyphics, Sumerian, Hebrew, Hittite, Old Persian, all phases of ancient Greek, and Latin) shows that because of imprecise terminology, any realistic definition of WHIPC must be broad (Chapter 3). Using methodologies and interdisciplinary approaches drawn from art history, archaeology, linguistic analysis, and digital humanities, this work analyzes scattered but abundant evidence to piece together theories about who was crucified, when, how, where, and why. The dissertation proves that WHIPC records, written and visual, were kept for three primary functions: to advertise power, to punish and deter, and to perform magical rituals or fulfill religious obligations. Manifestations of these three functions come through WHIPC in mythology (see especially Chapter 4), trophies (Chapter 5), spectacles, propaganda, political commentary, executions, corrective torture, behavior modification or prevention, donative sacrifices, scapegoat offerings, curses, and healing rituals. WHIPC also served as a mode of human and animal sacrifice (Chapter 6). Regarding the treatment of the body, several examples reveal cultural contexts for nudity and bone-breaking, which often accompanied WHIPC (Chapter 7). In the frequent instances where burial was forbidden a second penalty, played out in the afterlife, was intended. Contrary to some modern assertions, implementation of crucifixion was not limited by gender or status (Chapter 8). WHIPC often occurred along roads or on hills and mountains, or in in liminal spaces such as doorways, cliffs, city gates, and city walls (Chapter 9). From the Sumerians to the Romans, exposing and displaying the bodies consistently functioned as a display of power, punishment and prevention of undesirable behavior, and held religious and magical significance. Exposure punishments have been pervasive and global since the beginning of recorded time, and indeed, this treatment of the body is still practiced today. It seems no culture has escaped this form of physical abuse.
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Mavromatis, Christopher. "Kourion's hinterland in late antiquity and the findings of the Sotira Archaeological Project's 1997 and 2007 seasons." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1755/.
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This dissertation presents a discussion on the Late Antique (fifth to eighth centuries AD) landscapes of Cyprus based on the archaeological, environmental and historical records. This dissertation argues that apart from being an economically well-integrated province, Cyprus was also well-integrated into the large social and strategic trajectories of the Late Antique east Mediterranean. This study also uses archaeological data generated by the Sotira Archaeological Project (SAP) to examine the Late Antique landscapes in the south coast urban settlement of Kouion's hinterland. Interestingly, the majority of the loci recorded by the SAP are interpretable as either estate centres or farmsteads. Analysis of these loci revealed the existence of a comparatively complex Late Antique landscape that embodied aspects of the manifold relationships between the productive, commemorative, and authoritative landscapes of Kourion's hinterland during this period.
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Totelin, Laurence M. V. "Hippocratic recipes : oral and written transmission of pharmacological knowledge in fifth- and fourth-century Greece /." Leiden : Brill, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9789004171541.
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Petersson, Casper. "Atenare, spartaner och en handkontroll : En kvalitativ kategoriseringsstudie av historiebruk och historiemedvetande i Assassin's Creed Odyssey och spelets potential i klassrummet." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-39040.
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This study aims to examine the historical accuracy and historical usage in Ubisofts video-game Assassin’s Creed Odyssey. The study also examines the game’s potential to be used in teaching history in the upper secondary schools. The tools of the analysis are based on four different categorization models to analyze historical games and their didactic abilities. I have made some modifications to the different models, mainly because of the time-limit of this study. Furthermore, I have presented a crucial and relevant selection of previous research in the field of historical computer games, along with a summarizing description of the game-series Assassin’s Creed. The results from this study shows that the game is heavily influenced by history, and the historical accuracy can be noticed throughout the game. However, the game mixes the historical accuracy with fictional and fantastic elements in order to make the story and narrative of the game more intriguing and playable. The potential of the game in the upper secondary school is found to be problematic, mainly because of the time-limit and economical aspects. Nevertheless, the historical content of the game can easily be connected to the national curriculum, which means that the potential of making use of the game in the classroom should not be entirely dismissed.
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Makris, Georgios. "Monks and monasteries of Byzantine Thrace 10th-14th centuries." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6818/.
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My Ph.D. dissertation examines the history and archaeology of the monastic institutions of Thrace between the tenth and the late fourteenth centuries. Primarily concerned with the fundamental aspects of monastic life and its modes of interaction with lay society, I sought to investigate the life-cycle, topography and spatial composition of monastic communities in the western hinterland of the imperial capital of Byzantium, the city of Constantinople. My second objective was the investigation of the cultural, economic, and social aspects of the relationship between Thrace and Constantinople as evidenced in the surviving material culture, which consists mainly of architecture and decorative programmes. I followed an interdisciplinary methodology that brings together the systematic analysis of a large corpus of texts associated with monastic institutions -namely wills, monastic foundation documents, monastic archives, letters and imperial laws- with the results of three seasons of archaeological fieldwork. I conducted extensive surveys and recorded remains of monastic complexes including churches and refectories on Mount Ganos (Turkey), on the southern Rhodope Mountains (Greece) and in the cities of Sozopolis and Mesembria (Bulgaria), and explored the cultural ties with Constantinople and other meaningful centers of the Byzantine world.
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Viviers, Didier. "Les cités crétoises aux VIe et Ve siècles avant notre ère: contribution à l'étude de l'Etat en Grèce aux époques archaïque et classique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213061.
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Sailors, Cara Leigh. "The Function of Mythology and Religion in Ancient Greek Society." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2110.
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The ancient Greeks are prime subjects of study for those wishing to understand the roles that religion and mythology play in a society and how the two interact with each other. This paper covers what I feel after my study of Greek mythology and religion are the eight functions of mythology: history, education, explanation - both of the natural world and the culture of each society, legality, genesis, what happens after death, and entertainment; as well as the two function of religion: civic and spiritual. In the first chapter, in order to show each of the mythological functions, I summarize and explain a myth that falls primarily into each category. The second chapter discusses and illustrates Civic Religion and the third examines the three major Mystery Religions. The goal is to offer a basic understand of some of the myths, religious beliefs, and cult practices of the ancient Greeks.
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Ginalis, Alkiviadis. "Byzantine ports : Central Greece as a link between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:06056474-143b-4547-b7eb-3bf635994295.
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This thesis presents a first archaeological introduction to the study of Byzantine ports, harbours and other coastal installations in the region of Thessaly. Thessaly not only constitutes an ideal region to gain equal information for the Early- to the Late Byzantine periods, but also to compare independent regional and imperial central building activities. However, in particular Thessaly’s maritime connectivity has never been studied in detail before. As such, a first step into a terra incognita, the thesis is divided into two main sections: In order to conceptualize the study of harbour sites, the thesis first sets up a framework for the definition, understanding and interpretation of the physical features of harbours and their function and purpose. Taking into account influencing environmental conditions, such as natural, economic, social and political components, this helps to determine an accurate hierarchical model and to illustrate the interrelationship between different types and forms of harbour sites. Subsequently, comprehensive archaeological investigations around the island of Skiathos and other harbour sites in Thessaly, executed in 2012 and 2013, are set against this theoretical groundwork. In contrast to the common approach of regional studies, where a first general overview is followed by individual detailed case-studies, the opposite methodology is undertaken in order to achieve a systematic study of the Thessalian harbours and the complexity of their network system. Consequently, the collection of data starts from the analysis of a distinct area of a region and continues with the broader regional picture of primary ports, secondary harbours and staple markets. Functioning as an important junction of the Aegean shipping lanes and being involved in regional as well as supra-regional trade and port networks, focus is therefore primarily dedicated to the island of Skiathos. A joint survey project in cooperation with the Greek Ephorate for Underwater Antiquities (EEA), the 13th Greek Ephorate for Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities and the 7th Greek Ephorate for Byzantine Antiquities was initiated by the author in 2012. A number of sites, including harbour installations and other coastal infrastructures, have been detected, documented and subsequently verified by geophysical prospections, using a Sub-bottom profiler and Side-Scan Sonar, in 2013. These have allowed to draw a clear historical picture of architectural developments, port networks and changes in the socio-economic connectivity of the area. Followed by a close investigation of further harbour sites throughout the entire region of Thessaly during two field seasons between 2012 and 2013, the detailed picture gained from the Skiathos survey project is brought to a wider context. This comparison finally allows an overall picture of the history and architectural developments of harbour structures and associated coastal sites, as well as general conclusions concerning the hierarchy and port network in the region during the Early to Late Byzantine periods. This has allowed a comprehensive understanding of the growth, use and decline of various ports, harbours and staple markets within Thessaly and has important repercussions for our understanding of wider social and economic changes that were occurring during these periods, such as the rise of the church as a powerful economic institution or the increasing activities of private entrepreneurs. In this way the submerged maritime heritage of Thessaly has provided a rich new resource with which to understand the cultural dynamics of the region as it emerged from its peripheral location to comprising major ports within the Roman maritime network and to stand out of the heart of the commercial route ways to and from Constantinople, as well as being part of the emergent networks of the western maritime states at the end of the period, such as Venice.
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Pagnoux, Clemence. "Émergence, développement et diversification de l'arboriculture en Grèce du Néolithique à l'époque romaine : confrontation des données archéobotaniques, morphométriques, épigraphiques et littéraires." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H054/document.
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L'histoire de l'arboriculture en Grèce est encore mal connue et seuls la vigne et l'olivier ont bénéficié d'un intérêt de longue date. L'objectif de ce travail est de comprendre les processus de mise en culture des arbres fruitiers en Grèce entre le Néolithique et l'époque romaine. Pour ce faire, le matériel carpologique (restes de graines et de fruits) publié de 56 sites a été pris en compte dans une synthèse. Les mentions de fruits et de fruitiers ont été inventoriées dans les documents épigraphiques en grec mycénien et classique, ainsi que dans les textes d'auteurs antiques. Une étude de morphométrie géométrique a été réalisée sur les pépins de vigne et les noyaux d'olive archéologiques. La confrontation de ces sources révèle une évolution du cortège des fruitiers utilisés : vigne, olivier et figuier dominent à toutes les périodes, l'importance de certains fruits sauvages décroît après l'âge du Bronze et nouveaux fruits sont alors introduits. Les premières vignes domestiques apparaissent à l'âge du Bronze, tandis qu'une même forme sélectionnée d'olivier est présente du Bronze ancien à l'époque romaine. Les premières formes d'arboriculture (haies, lisières et parcelles en partie défrichées) sont complétées, au Bronze récent, par des plantations de fruitiers. De grands vignobles apparaissent à l'époque classique, et l'époque romaine voit se développer une agriculture plus spécialisée où le souci du rendement se fait jour dans les traités d'agriculture comme dans la recherche de nouvelles variétés de vigne et d'olivier. Enfin, le recours à des formes peu sélectionnées ainsi que l'intégration de fruitiers sauvages aux cultures se maintiennent jusqu'à la période romaine<br>Little is known concerning the history of arboriculture in Greece; only the grapevine and the olive tree have been a subject of interest for a long time. The aim of this work is to understand how fruit trees were cultivated in Greece between the Neolithic and the Roman period. This is why published archaeobotanical data (seeds and fruits) from 56 sites were taken into account in our synthesis. A survey of all references to fruits and fruit trees in epigraphic documents (Mycenaean and classic Greek) and in ancient authors has also been achieved. Archaeological pips and stones were submitted to Geometric Morphometry. Our approach reveals how fruit trees were used from the Neolithic up to the Roman period; while the grapevine, the olive tree and the fig tree predominate ail the time, it is clear that the importance of certain wild fruits decreases after the Bronze Age as new others are introduced. The first domesticated grapevines appear during the Bronze Age while a single selected variety of olive tree is present from the early Bronze Age to the Roman period. The first manifestations of arboriculture concern woodland edges and partially cleared land plots, real fruit tree plantations appear during the late Bronze Age, at the latest. Extensive vineyards appear during the Classical period, while a more specialized agriculture aiming at maximum profit characterizes the Roman period, as testified by the works on agronomy and the search for new varieties of olives and grapevines. Despite the search for higher yields, the use of less selected domesticates and wild fruits remains a reality until the roman period
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Sans, Benoît. "Narratio probabilis: étude comparée des systèmes rhétoriques de Polybe et Tite-Live." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209736.
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Mon étude a pour objet la dimension persuasive qui est présente au sein de l’historiographie ancienne et qui est au cœur de nombreuses discussions sur la nature de l’histoire dans l’Antiquité. Au travers de lectures comparées d’une série d’extraits parallèles tirés des œuvres de l’historien grec Polybe (± 208 - ± 126 avant J.-C.) et de l’historien latin Tite-Live (64 ou 59 avant J.-C. - 17 après J.-C.), en s’appuyant sur les théories anciennes et contemporaines de la rhétorique, ma recherche permet de mieux comprendre comment l’historien ancien exploite les ressources de l’argumentation pour rendre son propos crédible et vraisemblable, mais aussi pour orienter la vision du lecteur et le faire adhérer à certaines conclusions. <p><br>Doctorat en Langues et lettres<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Slaughter, Megan Michelle. "The Hippocratic Corpus and Soranus of Ephesus: Discovering Men's Minds Through Women's Bodies." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3351.
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This thesis addresses what cultural influences and social circumstances shaped the works of the Hippocratic Corpus and Soranus's Gynecology. This thesis will illustrate how these medical texts are representative of how women were viewed by men in Classical Greece and Early Imperial Rome, respectively. It deals additionally with how these gynecological works in turn impacted the way in which society viewed and treated women. In particular, these medical writers' changing views of the act of conception shed light on the differing attitudes of their cultures. Thus far research on these time periods and works has focused too narrowly on one aspect of society to do them justice, nor has there been an effort to separate Soranus's work from the Hippocratic Corpus as representative of a completely different culture and time period. Scholarship has not before discussed the importance of who controls power over conception, men or women, as the key to understanding why women were treated they way they were by men.
Using a feminist approach, this thesis examines the culture, mythology, literature, history, and medicine of these cultures, employing cultural morphology to understand how and why they changed. Greek men feared the women in their lives because they believed that women controlled conception. Roman men did not fear the women in their lives but respected them as mothers, for the important reason that women did not control or contribute to conception. All of the cultural evidence examined inclines one to believe that the way women were treated and viewed by men in the Classical period of Greece and the early Imperial period in Rome, is related directly to who held the power over conception of children, men or women.