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Journal articles on the topic 'History of Astronomy'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Ampollini, Ilaria. "Celestial Globes and Popular Astronomy." Nuncius 34, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 69–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-03401003.

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Abstract This contribution aims to examine the scientific relationship between Giuseppe Toaldo and Jérôme Lalande, focusing on two works by the French astronomer which Toaldo translated into Italian. The first text is the Abregé d’ Astronomie (Compendio d’Astronomia, Padova: Stamperia del Seminario, 1777), addressed to students of astronomy; the second one is the Astronomie des Dames (Astronomia delle Dame, [Venezia]: Giacomo Storti, 1796), written for a female public to which Toaldo interestingly added the appendix Astronomia de’ Gentiluomini (Venezia, 1797). These works clearly testify Toaldo’s deep interest in the teaching and spreading of astronomy, an interest Toaldo shared with Lalande. The contacts between the two astronomers we will be displaying will also allow us to make some hypothesis about two splendid globes, a terrestrial and a celestial one. It is unknown how they arrived in the library of the Episcopal Seminar of Padova, where they are preserved today.
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2

Seidengart, Jean. "Amateur Astronomy from Its Origins to Camille Flammarion." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 98 (1988): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100092034.

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It is not possible to sketch the history of astronomy by amateurs without first defining what the term “amateur astronomer” truly means. But we must avoid using “the benefit of hind-sight” to interpret the past in terms of a concept, the relevance of which has been perceived only during the course of the last one hundred years. In order to avoid the sophistry arising from such a purely imaginary history that is based on false conceptions, it is useful to examine amateur astronomy’s precise status, since its emergence in the dawn of classical science, by outlining the type of relationship that it has had with “professional” astronomy. In doing so, we can evoke some of the major developments in amateur astronomy, the scientific contributions of which, although often of high quality, have at times reached the very forefront of the discipline of astronomy.
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3

Turaj, Katarzyna. "Amateur Astronomy in Poland: Past and Present." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 98 (1988): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100092137.

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Amateur astronomy in Poland has its own history dating from the 17th century to the present day. Before the 17th century, the term “amateur astronomer” loses its meaning. Otherwise we might pose the rather paradoxical question: “Was Copernicus an amateur?” and probably have to give the answer: “Yes, he was an amateur, being first a priest, a physician and a lawyer.” Let us leave him in peace and instead turn to more undoubted amateurs. The history can be divided into two general periods: before and after the creation of the Polish Amateur Astronomical Society, PA AS (Polskie Towarzystwo Milosników Astronomii – PTMA). Here we present 16 Polish amateur astronomers who contributed to astronomy from the 17th to the 20th centuries, except Jan Heweliusz – the greatest – who is discussed elsewhere (1). All are selected from a much larger group, the selection being made in accordance with the rules described in the very useful and practical “Criteria for identifying an astronomer as an amateur”, formulated by Tom Williams a few years ago and presented here (2). There is also a short history and current information about the PAAS. Finally, we summarize successes and failures of amateur astronomy in Poland and put some general questions about its future.
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4

Morison, Ian. "The it History of Jodrell Bank." ITNOW 61, no. 4 (2019): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/itnow/bwz111.

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5

Christiansen, W. N. "History and Propaganda in Astronomy." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 8, no. 1 (1989): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000023018.

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‘History is Bunk’ said Henry Ford. He was exaggerating but it is well recognized that the connection between history and truth is tenuous. Even very recent history dependent on human memory is notoriously unreliable despite the intention of the historian to tell the truth.In radio astronomy we are fortunate in having a dedicated historian-astronomer by the name of Woody Sullivan who has spent years in interviewing and reinterviewing astronomers to find out the real facts about the early years of the subject. Because of Sullivan’s work (e.g. Sullivan 1988) and because so many of my former colleagues have written histories of the period I felt very doubtful about adding my piece to the saga when asked to do so. However, I did accept the invitation to do so after I had read a statement about radio astronomy written by our usually very well informed Minister for Science, Barry Jones (Jones 1987). This statement which I shall quote later is an example of what we may call popular history.
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6

Cardoso, Jorge, Décio Martins, Helmuth Malonek, and Carlos Fiolhais. "Manuel dos Reis e a Astronomia em Portugal de 1930 a 1970." História da Ciência e Ensino: construindo interfaces 20 (December 29, 2019): 550–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2019v20p550-567.

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Resumo Descreve-se a evolução do Observatório Astronómico da Universidade de Coimbra de 1930 a 1970, destacando- se o exercício das funções de diretor por Manuel dos Reis (1900-1992), de 1934 a 1970. Fonte primordial é o espólio documental de Manuel dos Reis à guarda do Arquivo da Universidade de Coimbra, que inclui programas, lições, problemas, exames, estudos e notas, e outros manuscritos sobre História da Astronomia, Astronomia (Geral, Mecânica, Esférica e Geodésica), Astronomia Medieval, e Astronomia Náutica dos Descobrimentos. Engloba ainda listas bibliográficas, rascunhos das comunicações e discursos sobre Astronomia Náutica proferidos na Academia das Ciências de Lisboa. Apresenta-se, em particular, um documento datilografado, inédito, provavelmente da década de 30, com o título “Reorganização do ensino da Astronomia e da investigação astronómica”, onde Reis, após descrever brevemente a história da Astronomia, refere a Astrofísica como o “novo capítulo da Astronomia”, e reflete sobre o ensino e investigação da Astronomia, e sobre o funcionamento dos Observatórios Astronómicos de Coimbra e de Lisboa (Tapada da Ajuda), e do Observatório Meteorológico do Porto (Serra do Pilar).Palavras-chave: História da Astronomia em Portugal; Astrofísica, Observatório Astronómico da Universidade de Coimbra. Abstract The evolution of the Astronomical Observatory of the University of Coimbra from 1930 to 1970 is described, highlighting Manuel dos Reis (1900-1992) role as director from 1934 to 1970. Main source is the collection of Manuel dos Reis documentation in the Archive of the University of Coimbra, which includes programs, lessons, problems, exams, studies and notes and other manuscripts on the History of Astronomy, Astronomy (General, Mechanical, Spherical and Geodesical), Medieval Astronomy, Nautical Astronomy of the Portuguese Discoveries. It also includes lists of bibliographical references, minutes of communications and speeches on Nautical Astronomy delivered at the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon. A typewritten, unpublished document, with the title "Reorganization of the teaching of astronomy and astronomical investigation”, probabbly from the 1930s, is presented. Reis, after a brief description of the history of Astronomy, describes Astrophysics as the "new chapter of Astronomy", reflects on the teaching and research on Astronomy, and on the operation of the Astronomical Observatories of Coimbra and Lisbon (Tapada da Ajuda), and the Meteorological Observatory of OPorto (Serra do Pilar). Keywords: History of Astronomy in Portugal; Astrophysics; Astronomical Observatory of the University of Coimbra.
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7

Berggren, J. L. "Astronomy and History." Ancient Philosophy 6 (1986): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ancientphil1986616.

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8

Rothenberg, Marc. "History of Astronomy." Osiris 1 (January 1985): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/368641.

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9

Valls-Gabaud, David, and Alexander Boksenberg. "The role of astronomy in society and culture." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (January 2009): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311002079.

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AbstractAs an ancient and multidisciplinary field, astronomy is an ambassador for all sciences. Astronomy's broad appeal, whether from its cultural interest of our place in the universe, or its practical aims such as sea- or space navigation, is well recorded in history from ancient to modern times, and sky-awareness, more generally, began prehistorically. Astronomy's perceived role and purpose has continually developed over the ages. In all, astronomy is not to be viewed as a narrow subject operating in isolation but one that has contributed comprehensively to the advancement of society.
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10

Heidarzadeh, Tofigh. "Book Review: Ottoman Astronomy: Osmanli Astronomi Literatürü Tarihi (History of Astronomy Literature during the Ottoman Period)." Journal for the History of Astronomy 31, no. 1 (February 2000): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002182860003100115.

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11

McCrea, W. H. "Essay Review: Recent History of Astronomy: The General History of Astronomy." History of Science 23, no. 1 (March 1985): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/007327538502300104.

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12

Špelda, Daniel. "Kepler in the Early Historiography of Astronomy (1615–1800)." Journal for the History of Astronomy 48, no. 4 (November 2017): 381–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021828617740948.

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This article discusses the reception of Kepler’s work in the earliest interpretations of the history of astronomy, which appeared in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The focus is not on the reception of Kepler’s work among astronomers themselves but instead on its significance for the history of science as seen by early historians of mathematics and astronomy. The first section discusses the evaluation of Kepler in the so-called “Prefatory Histories” of astronomy that appeared in various astronomical works during the seventeenth century. In these, Kepler was considered mainly to be the person who brought the work of Tycho Brahe to completion, rather than an original astronomer. The second section is devoted to the evaluation of Kepler in interpretations of the history of astronomy that appeared in the eighteenth century (often as part of the history of mathematics). In these works, Kepler is regarded as a genius who deserves tremendous credit for the advancement of the human spirit. Both sections also devote attention to Copernicus and Tycho Brahe because this facilitates the explanation of how Kepler’s contribution was judged. By studying the reception of Johannes Kepler’s work, we may gain greater insight into the transition from a cyclical perception of the history of science to the progressive model.
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13

Bajaja, Esteban. "History of Argentine Astronomy." Highlights of Astronomy 10 (1995): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600010662.

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14

Smith, Robert W. "Early history space astronomy." Experimental Astronomy 26, no. 1-3 (March 12, 2009): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10686-009-9152-y.

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15

Horacek, Ivana. "Illuminating Methods, Picturing Instruments: Tycho Brahe's Instrumental Images." Austrian History Yearbook 52 (May 2021): 30–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237821000151.

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AbstractThis article considers the function of twenty-two hand-colored prints of mathematical instruments in Tycho Brahe's Astronomiae instauratae mechanica (Instruments of the renewed astronomy; 1598), a hand-painted presentation treatise dedicated to Emperor Rudolf II and conferred on a network of individuals connected to the imperial court in Prague. Although the accompanying text communicates the instruments’ use and composition, the images demand close inspection because they articulate Brahe's observationally driven astronomy. They do so through structured, repeated, and consecutive representations; through expanded viewer access, achieved by adhering to multiple perspectives; through the juxtaposition of colors, which focuses attention on the heads of the instruments (the part that does the measuring); and through the use of gold paint, which emphasizes the head and brings to mind the very metallic nature of the instruments. Much like an astronomer taking multiple measurements of cosmological phenomena, these images allow viewers and readers, as they leaf through the pages of the treatise, to become virtual participants in Brahe's instauration of astronomy.
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16

Bignami, Giovanni F. "A complete history of astronomy." Nature 417, no. 6890 (June 2002): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/417692a.

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17

Gurshtein, Alexander A., Il-Seong Nha, Clive L. N. Ruggles, David H. DeVorkin, Wolfgang R. Dick, Rajesh Kochhar, Tsuko Nakamura, Luisa Pigatto, F. Richard Stephenson, and Brian Warner. "COMMISSION 41: HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, T26B (December 2007): 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308024228.

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On Tuesday 22 August 2006 approximately 40 people attended the Commission 41 History of Astronomy Business Meeting at the IAU XXVI General Assembly in Prague. Commission president Alex Gurshtein opened the meeting, welcoming the commission members and calling for a moment of silence for those members who passed away in the last triennium. David DeVorkin was appointed recording secretary for the meeting, with Steven Dick as the scruitineer of the ballot. A moment of silence was then observed in the memory of members departed over the last triennium, including: Jerzy Dobrzycki (Poland), Robert Duncan (Australia), Mohammad Edalati (Iran), Philip Morrison (USA), John Perdix (Australia), Neil Porter (Ireland), Gibson Reaves (USA), Brian Robinson (Australia), and Raymond E. White (USA).
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18

Il-Seong, Nha, Clive L. N. Ruggles, Alexander A. Gurshtein, Rajesh K. Kochhar, David H. DeVorkin, Teije de Jong, Tsuko Nakamura, Wayne Orchiston, Antonio A. P. Videira, and Brian Warner. "COMMISSION 41: HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, T27A (December 2008): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308025970.

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Commission 41 of the International Astronomical Union deals with all aspects of astronomical history and heritage from ancient sky knowledge to developments in modern astronomy that have occurred within living memory. It encourages and supports research in the history of astronomy and related fields such as archaeoastronomy and is also concerned with the identification, documentation and preservation of vital aspects of our astronomical heritage such as sites, artifacts, instruments and archives. Commission 41 is one of the largest Commissions in the Union, and is a member of Division XII on Union-Wide Activities.
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19

Pedersen, O., J. Eddy, H. Eelsalu, E. J. Forbes, M. A. Hoskin, J. P. Verdet, and K. Yabuuti. "Commission 41: History of Astronomy." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 19, no. 1 (1985): 581–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00006635.

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Commission 41 is one of the largest specialist components of the IAU. At the General Assembly in 1982 at Patras the number of ordinary members was increased from 79 to 86 as a testimony to the growing interest among astronomers in the history of their subject. At the same time the number of consulting members rose from 32 to 40, which shows that an increasing number of highly competent historians of science is engaged in research in the history of astronomy without being professional astronomers. However, many valuable contributions to the subject come from historians who are not members. In consequence, the principal purpose of Commission 41 is to serve as a link between all historians of astronomy whether they be members or not, by initiating research into particular areas, by disseminating new results, or simply by creating possibilities of personal contacts between scholars from different parts of the world. This is mainly achieved by meetings of various kinds.
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20

Gurshtein, Alexander A., Nha Il-Seong, Clive Ruggles, David DeVorkin, Wolfgang Dick, Radesh Kochhar, Tsuko Nakamura, Luisa Pigatto, Richard Stephenson, and Brian Warner. "Commission 41: History of Astronomy." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 1, T26A (December 2005): 377–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921306004819.

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Following the Sydney General Assembly, the membership of C41 stood at 352, of whom, at the time of writing, three are known to have deceased. Since the formation of the Inter-Union Commission for the History of Astronomy (ICHA) prior to the Sydney General Assembly, C41/ICHA has subsequently acted, in effect, as an integrated Commission with a single OC. In this triennium the C41/ICHA OC made strong efforts to clarify and simplify the controversial issue of admitting non-IAU members to the ICHA. After prolonged and active consultation, the OC approved the document “Procedures for Admitting non-IAU members to the ICHA” and the OC Secretary Prof. Clive Ruggles officially presented this document to the history of astronomy community in C41/ICHA Newsletter no. 6. It is subject to ratification by the C41/ICHA Business Meeting in Prague in 2006.
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Il-Seong, Nha, Clive Ruggles, Alexander Gurshtein, David DeVorkin, Teije de Jong, Rajesh Kochhar, Tsuko Nakamura, Wayne Orchiston, Antonio A. P. Videira, and Brian Warner. "COMMISSION 41: HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, T27B (May 14, 2010): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310005338.

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The Business Meeting of Commission 41 was held in Sessions 2 on 5 August 2009, with Acting President Clive Ruggles (UK) in the Chair. He called for a moment of silence for those members who had passed away in the last triennium, including Prof. Xi Zezong (b. 1927, d. 2008 Dec 27) and Prof. Chen Meidong (b. 1936, d. 2008 Dec 30).
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Ruggles, Clive, Rajesh Kochhar, Nha Il-Seong, Juan Belmonte, Brenda Corbin, Teije de Jong, Ray Norris, et al. "COMMISSION 41: HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, T28A (December 2011): 394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312003122.

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23

Dick, S. "Encyclopedia of History of Astronomy." Highlights of Astronomy 10 (1995): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600010583.

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24

Haynes, Raymond. "A History of Australian Astronomy." Highlights of Astronomy 10 (1995): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600010637.

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Ren-Buc, D. "History of Astronomy in Roumania." Highlights of Astronomy 10 (1995): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600010674.

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26

Suzuki, Atsuto, and Masatoshi Koshiba. "History of neutrino telescope/astronomy." Experimental Astronomy 25, no. 1-3 (April 18, 2009): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10686-009-9162-9.

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27

CANALES, JIMENA. "Exit the frog, enter the human: physiology and experimental psychology in nineteenth-century astronomy." British Journal for the History of Science 34, no. 2 (June 2001): 173–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087401004356.

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This paper deals with one of the first attempts to measure simple reactions in humans. The Swiss astronomer Adolph Hirsch investigated personal differences in the speed of sensory transmission in order to achieve accuracy in astronomy. His controversial results, however, started an intense debate among both physiologists and astronomers who disagreed on the nature of these differences. Were they due to different eyes or brains, or to differences in skill and education? Furthermore, they debated how to eliminate them. Some, for example, wanted to eliminate the observer, and prescribed the use of new technologies like the electro-chronograph or photography, while others believed in discipline and education. By debating the nature of these differences, astronomers and physiologists sketched both different conceptions of ‘man’ and different paths to objectivity. These diverse conceptions, moreover, were tied to current nineteenth-century debates, such as the benefits or disadvantages of railroads, telegraphy and the standardization of time and longitudes. By focusing on the debates surrounding the speed of sensory transmission, this paper reevaluates the history of astronomy, physiology and experimental psychology. Furthermore, in investigating astronomy's relation to the human sciences, it uncovers profound connections in the traditionally separate histories of objectivity and the body.L'heure sera distribuée dans les maisons,comme l'eau ou le gaz.Adolph Hirsch
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28

Barker, Peter, and Bernard R. Goldstein. "Realism and Instrumentalism in Sixteenth Century Astronomy: A Reappraisal." Perspectives on Science 6, no. 3 (1998): 232–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00550.

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We question the claim, common since Duhem, that sixteenth century astronomy, and especially the Wittenberg interpretation of Copernicus, was instrumentalistic rather than realistic. We identify a previously unrecognized Wittenberg astronomer, Edo Hildericus (Hilderich von Varel), who presents a detailed exposition of Copernicus’s cosmology that is incompatible with instrumentalism. Quotations from other sixteenth century astronomers show that knowledge of the real configuration of the heavens was unattainable practically, rather than in principle. Astronomy was limited to quia demonstrations, although demonstration propter quid remained the ideal. We suggest that Oslander’s notorious preface to Copernicus expresses these sixteenth century commonplaces rather than twentieth century instrumentalism, and that neither ‘realism’, nor ‘instrumentalism’. in their modern meanings, apply to sixteenth century astronomy.
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29

Almási, Gábor. "Tycho Brahe and the Separation of Astronomy from Astrology: The Making of a New Scientific Discourse." Science in Context 26, no. 1 (February 11, 2013): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889712000270.

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ArgumentThe subject of the paper is the shift from an astrology-oriented astronomy towards an allegedly more objective, mathematically grounded approach to astronomy. This shift is illustrated through a close reading of Tycho Brahe's scientific development and the contemporaneous changes in his communicational strategies. Basing the argument on a substantial array of original sources it is claimed that the Danish astronomer developed a new astronomical discourse in pursuit of credibility, giving priority to observational astronomy and natural philosophical questions. The abandonment of astrology in public discourse is primarily explained by Tycho's social position and greater sensibility to controversial issues. Tycho's example suggests that the changes in rhetorical strategies regarding astrology (which happened earlier than changes in astrological belief) should be given more recognition in the history of astronomy.
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Haque, Shirin, and Deva Sharma. "Indian Astronomy: the missing link in Eurocentric history of Astronomy." Cultural Studies of Science Education 11, no. 2 (May 11, 2016): 515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11422-015-9677-5.

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31

Hoskin, Michael. "Book Review: A History of Astronomy for All: The Fontana History of Astronomy and Cosmology." Journal for the History of Astronomy 26, no. 1 (February 1995): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002182869502600105.

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32

Fraknoi, Andrew. "A Brief History Of Publishing Papers On Astronomy Education Research." Journal of Astronomy & Earth Sciences Education (JAESE) 1, no. 1 (January 19, 2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jaese.v1i1.9105.

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While some research had been done on K-12 and planetarium astronomy teaching from the 1930's to the 1980's, the growth of research on college physics education offered astronomy education researchers a model for examining techniques for teaching introductory college astronomy survey "Astronomy 101" courses as well. This early research was published in widely scattered journals and rarely reached the practitioners of astronomy education. The need to inform and unite the community of astronomy educators led to the birth of the journal "Astronomy Education Review," whose history and sudden death is analyzed. This paper provides a short history of publishing astronomy education research results and provides context for the advent of the new Journal of Astronomy & Earth Sciences Education (JAESE).
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33

Eddy, J. A., J. D. North, S. Debarbat, H. Eelsalu, O. Pedersen, and Xi Ze-Zong. "41. History of Astronomy (Histoire De L’astronomie)." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 20, no. 01 (1988): 567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00007380.

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Commission 41 has been involved in one colloquium and one symposium since the last report:IAU Colloquium 91 on “The History of Oriental Astronomy” was held in New Delhi, November 13-16, 1985, preceding the XlXth General Assembly. Members of the scientific organizing committee were S.M.R. Ansari, E.S. Kennedy, D. King, R. Mercier, O. Pedersen, D. Pingree, G. Saliba, Xi Ze-Zong and K. Yabuuti. The colloquium was co-sponsored by the International Union for the History and Philosophy of Science, and by a number of organizations in India: the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, the Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay, and the University Grants Commission, New Delhi. The local organizing committee, chaired by G. Swarup, made possible a number of local excursions, including a conducted tour of the great stone open air observatory, built in the city by the enlightened Maharadjah Jai Singh in the 18th century. The colloquium brought 84 participants from 19 countries. 46 papers were presented of which 10 were invited, covering aspects of astronomy in the far east and middle east since the earliest civilizations. Papers from Colloquium 91 have now been published in book form: History of Oriental Astronomy, G. Swarup, A.K. Bag, and K.S. Shukla, editors, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1987. Contributions are divided into three broad categories: ancient astronomy and its characteristics, ancient elements and planetary models, and medieval astronomy. Within these are papers on the characteristics and achievements of early astronomy in the eastern half of the world, including inter-regional development and mutual influences, ancient data relating to eclipses, supernovae and comets, medieval astronomical developments, instruments and early observatories, and the interplay between observational and theoretical astronomy. A short introductory paper by the revered historian E.S. Kennedy opens the book, as it set the stage for the colloquium in New Delhi: “We find (astronomy) originating a few centuries before the Christian era in two disparate cultures, Mesopotamia and the Hellenistic world. From the Mediterranean it passed to India, there to flourish. Thence the centroid of activity moved westward, residing in the lands of Islam during medieval times, more recently in Europe. Now astronomical research is carried out throughout the entire world.”
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34

Ruggles, Clive. "Essay Review: Cross-Cultural Astronomy: Astronomy across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Astronomy." Journal for the History of Astronomy 35, no. 2 (May 2004): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002182860403500206.

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35

Antoniadis, Ignatios. "Astronomy—Editorial." Astronomy 1, no. 1 (March 18, 2022): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/astronomy1010003.

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36

Trimble, Virginia. "Chandrasekhar and the History of Astronomy." Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter 01, no. 01 (May 2012): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251158x12000100.

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Chandrasekhar's own books, papers, and oral history interviews make clear that he was generally more interested in the present and future of astrophysics than in its past. Nevertheless, late in his life and after his death, historians of science have somewhat entangled him in two supposedly controversial issues, one concerning precursors of his mass limit for degenerate stars and the other his relationship with Eddington. Neither story is an entirely happy one.
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37

Walker, Helen J. "A brief history of infrared astronomy." Astronomy & Geophysics 41, no. 5 (October 2000): 5.10–5.13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-4004.2000.41510.x.

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38

Raynor-Evans, Katrin, and Allan Chapman. "Keeping the history of astronomy alive." Astronomy & Geophysics 60, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 5.15–5.16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/astrogeo/atz175.

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39

Tucker, W. H. "The History of X-Ray Astronomy." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 101 (October 1989): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/132597.

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40

Brück, M. T. "The Cambridge concise history of astronomy." Endeavour 23, no. 3 (January 1999): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-9327(00)80036-8.

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41

Bennett, Jim. "Instruments in the history of astronomy." Endeavour 23, no. 3 (January 1999): 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-9327(99)01226-0.

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42

Haynes, Roslynn D., Raymond F. Haynes, and William S. Kitson. "The history of astronomy in Queensland." Vistas in Astronomy 36 (January 1993): 231–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0083-6656(93)90131-3.

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43

Rieke, G. H. "History of infrared telescopes and astronomy." Experimental Astronomy 25, no. 1-3 (February 20, 2009): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10686-009-9148-7.

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44

Schönfelder, V. "The history of gamma-ray astronomy." Astronomische Nachrichten 323, no. 6 (December 2002): 524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3994(200212)323:6<524::aid-asna524>3.0.co;2-z.

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45

Orchiston, Wayne. "SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF ASTRONOMY." Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2005): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2005.02.08.

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46

Cockell, Charles S. "Astronomy + biology." Astronomy & Geophysics 61, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 3.28–3.32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/astrogeo/ataa042.

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47

Sperling, Norman. "Investigating Astronomy’s History." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 98 (1988): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100092101.

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AbstractAmateur astronomers play an important role in historical astronomy and publish a wide range of studies. They can participate nearly as well as professional astronomers since neither are professional historians or archaeologists. Amateurs often restore old instruments and facilities, discovering clues to their design, manufacture and use that would not be noticed by non-astronomical historians.Possible studies include histories of institutions and of astronomy in different countries, biographies, and evolution of ideas. Publications and manuscripts could be studied for matters of current and historical importance. Folklore (of all countries) should be recorded before it dies out, and the beliefs behind it examined. More study groups involving amateurs, professionals and others should be established.
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48

Hearnshaw, John B. "Commission 38 (Exchange of astronomers) and Commission 46 (Teaching of astronomy): two commissions that played a unique role in the history and development of the IAU." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S349 (December 2018): 374–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319000498.

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AbstractThe founding and development of two commissions of the IAU that played a unique role in IAU history are traced. Commission 38 for the Exchange of astronomers was founded in 1946 with Frederick Stratton as first president, and it expended funds (initially granted by UNESCO) for astronomers to travel on exchange visits. Commission 46 for the Teaching of astronomy was founded in 1964 with Evry Schatzmann as first president. This was a time of rapidly growing interest in the IAU for teaching astronomy and in due course for promoting astronomy in developing countries. For a while, both commissions operated under the wing of the Executive Committee. Their role was unique as they were the only IAU commissions to have their own budget, as well as aspiring to bring about social change in the astronomical community. By 2000 both commissions merged into C46 (Astronomy education and development) and by that time various programmes such as the International School for Young Astronomers (ISYA), the working group World-wide Development of Astronomy (WWDA) and the working group Teaching Astronomy for Development (TAD), which grew out of the Visiting Lecturers’ Program (VLP), were all run by C46. When the IAU established the Office of Astronomy for Development in 2011, many of these functions were removed from the commission and in any case C46 ceased to exist in 2015 when all the old commissions were disestablished. In 2015 the Office for Young Astronomers took over the running of the ISYA. The history of C38 and C46 represents a time of active change in the way the IAU was engaging with people. It was more than just a union for scientific research, but in the world of scientific unions, it was remarkable for taking an active hands-on role in implementing social change. In the history of these two commissions, the Swiss astronomer Edith Müller played a leading dynamic role. She served as president of C46 (1967-73), of C38 (1985-88) as well as IAU General Secretary (1976-79).
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49

Polcaro, V. F., and A. Martocchia. "Guidelines for a Social History of Astronomy." Culture and Cosmos 16, no. 1 and 2 (October 2012): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.46472/cc.01216.0215.

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An analysis of the basic cultural, historical and social elements which allowed the re-discovery and transfer of astronomical knowledge from the earlier Middle Ages up to the birth of modern astronomy, is presented in the new book Storia sociale dell’Astronomia. The book describes the main factors which played a role in suppressing or re-awakening interest in astronomical observations and events down the centuries. Among such elements we include: the loss of Greek-language-based knowledge as a vector of scientific knowledge; Christian and Islamic conceptions of Astrology; religious practices connected with observations; the birth of universities; the Protestant paradigm and humanism; the evolution of the social figure of the scientist in the West, from monks to aristocrats, and from Renaissance lords to bourgeois entrepreneurs. We focus attention on the social phenomena which caused the development of Astronomy as a science from the Middle Ages to the Copernican revolution, and claim that the ruling class’s attitude towards science is not only a matter for historical studies, but has much to do with the modern impoverishment and stagnation of Astronomy.
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De Barros, Magali Conceição. "As mulheres do Harvard College Observatory: Henrietta Swan Leavitt - a mulher que descobriu como medir a distância das galáxias." História da Ciência e Ensino: construindo interfaces 18 (October 5, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2018v18i1p12-21.

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ResumoNo final do século XIX e início do século XX, algumas mudanças ocorreram na área da astronomia, entre elas, o desenvolvimento técnico/tecnológico, o aparecimento de novos observatórios e juntamente com eles o aperfeiçoamento dos telescópios e a introdução da fotografia na astronomia, que possibilitou o registro das observações que antes eram feitas através de desenhos. Outra mudança que ocorreu foi a entrada de mulheres na astronomia, o registro fotográfico de observações astronômicas permitiu, que em um ambiente masculino, mulheres pudessem adentrar e fazer suas pesquisas, pois embora não lhes fosse permitido fazer observações noturnas elas poderiam utilizar as chapas fotográficas. Para exemplificar a importância do trabalho feminino nesta época, vamos mostrar a pesquisa e de Henrietta Swan Leavitt que descobriu a Relação Período-Luminosidade de Estrelas Variáveis.Palavras-chave: História da Ciência; Mulheres na Astronomia; Régua Cósmica; Henrietta Swan Leavitt; Relação Período-luminosidade.AbstractIn the late 19th and early 20th, some changes occurred in the area of astronomy, among them technical / technological development, the appearance of new observatories and together with them the improvement of telescopes and the introduction of photography in astronomy that made possible the registration from earlier observations made through drawings. Another change that occurred was the entry of women into astronomy, the photographic record of astronomical observations allowed that in a masculine environment women could enter and do their research, because although they were not allowed to make nocturnal observations they could use photographic plates. To exemplify the importance of female work at this time, let's show the research and from Henrietta Swan Leavitt who discovered the Period-Luminosity Relationship of Variable Stars.Keywords: History of Science; Women in Astronomy; Cosmic Ruler; Henrietta Swan Leavitt; Period-luminosity relationship.
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