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Journal articles on the topic 'History of Burundi'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Hunt, Nancy. "Research Protocol and Resources in Burundi." History in Africa 14 (1987): 399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171853.

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Information on the existence and resources of African libraries and archives is scanty at best, and the scene changes quickly. No one has attempted to assemble a list for researchers of such institutions and resources in Burundi since 1974, when Daniel Nyambariza provided a list of documentation and research centers and other adresses intéressantes as a preface to his bibliography. No doubt once a very useful list, much of Nyambariza's information is now obsolete. The present report, based on my experiences conducting urban, social history research in Bujumbura in 1984/85, is intended to provide specific information on gaining access to and the availability of documentary sources in Burundi. Private and public libraries and archival locations are included.I have tried to describe Burundi's archival situation from my own experiences as well as from printed information, not all of which I was able to verify. Although there probably exists some small area of duplication between the colonial records held in Brussels at the Archives Africaines and those to be found in Burundi, most of Burundi's archives--particularly low-level, local governmental records--can be assumed to be unique. Although most printed sources are usually more readily available in European or American libraries, I have assumed that a descriptive list of libraries would be an aid to other researchers and have tried to indicate rare and/or locally–generated publications and documents. At the close I have also assembled a list of other potential research locations which I did not visit personally owing to time constraints and the scope of my research.

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2

Deen, Mary Katherine, Lauren Hrncirik Scanga, Kevin Wright, and Charles Berahino. "Empowering youth and communities through 4-H School Gardening Programs: Results of focus groups in Burundi, Africa." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 24, no. 2 (August 15, 2017): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2017.24209.

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The quality of education and training children receive today will significantly impact their development into adulthood and their impact on society (Kibwiki & Semana, 2001). Burundi, Africa is the second poorest country in the world and has a turbulent history laced with economic, political, and cultural challenges (Headrick, 2016). With more than half the population under the age of 18, educating the youth of Burundi is paramount to bringing about change in the country. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the needs of primary school teachers, administrators, afterschool program educators and their students; and to determine if a 4-H Youth Development school gardening program was a viable methodology to meet their needs. The desire of local partners to empower Burundian youth and the fact that empowerment is a fundamental principle of the 4-H methodology led to the selection of Empowerment Theory as the conceptual framework for this study. A needs assessment using focus groups was conducted with 34 primary school teachers, administrators, and afterschool staff in two rural communities in Burundi. Findings indicated that poverty and hunger were the primary barriers to quality education and climbing out of poverty. School educators also reported a need for professional development to better provide quality education for youth. Based on the outcomes of the focus groups, the researchers recommend that the 4-H Youth Development school gardening program is implemented in rural Burundi using Empowerment Theory as a framework to address the needs of educators and youth.

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3

Newbury, David. "Burundi Without Peasants - Questions sur la Paysannerie au Burundi. Bujumbura: Université du Burundi and Paris: Centre de Recherches Africaines (Paris I), 1987. Pp. 452. No price given." Journal of African History 31, no. 3 (November 1990): 509–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700031327.

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4

Dickerman, Carol, and Ellen K. Eggers. "Historical Dictionary of Burundi." International Journal of African Historical Studies 31, no. 2 (1998): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/221106.

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5

Beidelman, T. O., and Rene Lemarchand. "Burundi: Ethnocide as Discourse and Practice." American Historical Review 101, no. 1 (February 1996): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2169329.

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6

Misser, François. "Break-through in Burundi." Index on Censorship 21, no. 4 (April 1992): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064229208535332.

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7

Vignati-Pagis, Elizateth, and Valérie Chieze. "Paysages sidérurgiques africains (Mali et Burundi)." Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l’Ouest 96, no. 2 (1989): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/abpo.1989.3325.

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8

Newbury, David, Joseph Gahama, Léonidas Ndoricimpa, Claude Guillet, and Leonidas Ndoricimpa. "Le Burundi sous administration belge." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 21, no. 1 (1987): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485104.

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9

Lemarchand, René. "Le génocide de 1972 au Burundi." Cahiers d'études africaines 42, no. 167 (January 1, 2002): 551–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/etudesafricaines.156.

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10

Chrétien, Jean-Pierre. "Histoire du temps présent en Afrique : Burundi, août 1988." Vingtième Siècle, revue d'histoire 22, no. 1 (1989): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/xxs.1989.2146.

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11

Chretien, Jean-Pierre. "Histoire du temps present en Afrique: Burundi, aout 1988." Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire, no. 22 (April 1989): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3769276.

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12

Ntibantunganya, Sylvestre. "Burundi: news from the front." Index on Censorship 21, no. 7 (July 1992): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064229208535388.

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13

Biondi, Carminella. "J. Ngorwanubusa, La littérature du Burundi." Studi Francesi, no. 181 (LXI | I) (March 1, 2017): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/studifrancesi.6951.

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14

Grovogui, Siba N'Zatioula, J.-P. Chretien, A. Guichaoua, and G. Le Jeune. "La Crise d'Aout 1988 au Burundi." International Journal of African Historical Studies 23, no. 2 (1990): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219341.

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15

Nelson, Samuel H., and Rene Lemarchand. "Burundi: Ethnocide as Discourse and Practice." International Journal of African Historical Studies 29, no. 2 (1996): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220547.

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16

Ndarishikanye, Barnabe, and Hubert Cochet. "Crises et revolutions agricoles au Burundi." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 37, no. 1 (2003): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4107375.

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17

Melchior, Mukuri. "Questions sur la paysannerie au Burundi." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 25, no. 1 (1991): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485580.

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18

Chretien, Jean-Pierre. "Burundi: Le Métier d'historien: Querelle d'école?" Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 25, no. 3 (1991): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485979.

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19

Dickerman, Carol, Jean-Pierre Chrétien, André Guichaoua, Gabriel Le Jeune, Jean-Pierre Chretien, and Andre Guichaoua. "La crise d'août 1988 au Burundi." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 25, no. 3 (1991): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485986.

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20

Chretien, Jean-Pierre. "Burundi: Le Métier d'historien: Querelle d'école?" Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 25, no. 3 (January 1991): 450–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00083968.1991.10803903.

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21

Ntibantunganya, Sylvestre. "Burundi and Rwanda: nations at loggerheads." Index on Censorship 21, no. 7 (July 1992): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064229208535387.

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22

Iliffe, John. "Burundi under Mandate - Le Burundi sous administration belge: la période du mandat 1919–1939. By Joseph Gahama. Paris: CRA/Karthala/ACCT, 1983. Pp. 465. 125F." Journal of African History 26, no. 2-3 (March 1985): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700037063.

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23

Deslaurier, Christine. "La rumeur du cachet au Burundi (1960-1961)." Cahiers d'études africaines 45, no. 178 (June 25, 2005): 545–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/etudesafricaines.5466.

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24

Newbury, David. "Precolonial Burundi and Rwanda: Local Loyalties, Regional Royalties." International Journal of African Historical Studies 34, no. 2 (2001): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3097483.

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25

Wagner, Michele D., and Marc Sommers. "Fear in Bongoland: Burundi Refugees in Urban Tanzania." International Journal of African Historical Studies 34, no. 3 (2001): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3097598.

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26

Peter, Chris Maina. "The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: bringing the killers to book." International Review of the Red Cross 37, no. 321 (December 1997): 695–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400077780.

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In the spring of 1994 more than 500,000 people were killed in Rwanda in one of the worst cases of genocide in history. The slaughter began on 6 April 1994, only a few hours after the plane bringing the Presidents of Rwanda and Burundi back from peace negotiations in Tanzania was shot down as it approached Kigali Airport.

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27

Lemarchand, René. "Sommers, Marc. – Fear in Bongland. Burundi Refugees in Tanzania." Cahiers d'études africaines 44, no. 175 (January 1, 2004): 719–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/etudesafricaines.4805.

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28

Thibon, Christian. "Un siècle de croissance démographique au Burundi (1850-1950)." Cahiers d’études africaines 27, no. 105 (1987): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/cea.1987.3193.

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29

Chrétien, Jean-Pierre. "La guerre de 1914-1918 au Burundi. Le vécu local d’un conflit mondial." Outre-Mers N° 390-391, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 127–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/om.161.0127.

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30

FISCHER, EBERHARD. "A new species of Mimulopsis (Acanthaceae) from Rwanda and Burundi." Phytotaxa 299, no. 1 (March 17, 2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.299.1.6.

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A new species, Mimulopsis champluvierae, from Rwanda and Burundi is described. It differs from M. solmsii in the linear bracts with revolute margin, the long violet glandular hairs on the whole inflorescence including bracts and calyx, the two bracteoles that are at least half as long as the sepals, the linear sepals, the yellow corolla with purplish patterning, the capitate stigma, and the ovary with only a few hairs at the apex. The plietesial life history of M. champluvierae and M. arborescens is described. The typical M. solmsii and M. excellens show no pronounced mass-flowering, and single inflorescences are present almost every year.

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31

Crippa, Matteo. "A Long Path toward Reconciliation and Accountability: A Truth and Reconciliation Commission and a Special Chamber for Burundi?" International Criminal Law Review 12, no. 1 (2012): 71–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181212x621463.

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The recent history of Burundi is characterized by cyclical ethnic strife between the Hutu majority, comprising approximately 85 per cent of the population, and the Tutsi. A peace agreement was signed in 2000, and in 2005 the UN recommended the establishment of a dual mechanism, namely a non-judicial accountability mechanism in the form of a truth commission, and a judicial accountability mechanism in the form of a special chamber. Little progress toward their establishment was achieved, however, with the process stalled by outbreaks of violence and the country’s fragmented political milieu. In 2011, significant momentum has been gained with the completion of a country-wide consultation process and the resumption of negotiations between the government and the UN. Building upon these developments, this article reviews the architecture of the proposed mechanism and sets forth various considerations for the creation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Chamber for Burundi.

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32

Cochet, Hubert. "Burundi: Quelques Questions sur l'Origine et la Differenciation d'un Systeme Agraire." African Economic History, no. 26 (1998): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3601689.

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33

Nicaise, Guillaume. "Local power dynamics and petty corruption in Burundi." Journal of Eastern African Studies 13, no. 4 (August 18, 2019): 698–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2019.1655880.

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34

Melchior, Mukuri, and Jean-Paul Harroy. "Burundi 1955-1962. Souvenirs d'un combattant d'une guerre perdue." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 24, no. 2 (1990): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485272.

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35

Ndarishikanye, Barnabe. "Burundi: des identites ethnico-politiques forgees dans la violence." Canadian Journal of African Studies 33, no. 2/3 (1999): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/486266.

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36

Wagner, Michele D. "Trade and Commercial Attitudes in Burundi before the Nineteenth Century." International Journal of African Historical Studies 26, no. 1 (1993): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219189.

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37

Fischer, Eberhard. "Taxonomic Results of the BRYOTROP-Expedition to Zaire and Rwanda 2. History of Bryological Exploration of Zaire and Rwanda." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 8, no. 1 (December 31, 1993): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.8.1.3.

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A short survey of the bryological exploration of Rwanda and Zaire is provided. The first to collect bryophytes in the area was Stuhlmann in 1891 on Ruwenzori. The first bryological collections from Rwanda were made by Mildbraed in 1907. In 1929 Humbert made the first gatherings on Mt. Kahuzi and Mt. Biega. Since then a lot of botanist have collected mosses and liverworts so that Rwanda and eastern Zaire can be regarded as well known. From most parts of Zaire and from Burundi however only few data are hitherto available.

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38

Jefremovas, Villia. "Treacherous Waters: The Politics of History and the Politics of Genocide in Rwanda and Burundi." Africa 70, no. 2 (May 2000): 298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2000.70.2.298.

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39

Ndarishikanye, Barnabé. "Les rapports État-paysannerie au centre du conflit ethnique au Burundi." Cahiers d’études africaines 38, no. 150 (1998): 347–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/cea.1998.1807.

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40

Dickerman, Carol, Emile Mworoha, Jean-Pierre Chretien, and Joseph Gahama. "Histoire du Burundi: Des Origines a la fin du XIX Siecle." International Journal of African Historical Studies 21, no. 1 (1988): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219927.

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41

Cochet, Hubert, and Barnabe Ndarishikanye. "La Production Cafeiere au Burundi: Agronomie, vulgarisation et rapports sociaux." Canadian Journal of African Studies 34, no. 2 (2000): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/486415.

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42

Lemarchand, René. "Managing Transition Anarchies: Rwanda, Burundi, and South Africa in Comparative Perspective." Journal of Modern African Studies 32, no. 4 (December 1994): 581–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0001586x.

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Against the backdrop of Africa's recent transitions to multi-party democracy, two countries stand at opposite ends of a spectrum of success and failure that ranges from the apocalyptic to the nearly miraculous. At one extreme, South Africa, the site of what has been described as ‘one of the most extraordinary political transformations of the twentieth century’, where the people ‘have defied the logic of their past, and broken all the rules of social theory, to forge a powerful spirit of unity from a shattered nation’. At the other end of the scale, Rwanda, a synonym for abyssal violence — a name that will go down in history as the epitome of an African Holocaust. Burundi, though spared the agonies of her neighbour, has not fared much better. There a remarkably successful transition was abruptly brought to a halt by an attempted military take-over, setting off an explosion of ethnic violence on a scale consonant with her reputation as a leading candidate for the title of genocidal state.

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43

Chrétien, Jean-Pierre. "Les premiers voyageurs étrangers au Burundi et au Rwanda : les « compagnons obscurs » des « explorateurs »." Afrique & histoire 4, no. 2 (October 1, 2005): 37–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/afhi.004.0037.

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44

Chrétien, Jean-Pierre. "Burundi. Entre histoire, mémoire et idéologie. À propos de quelques ouvrages récents." Cahiers d’études africaines 38, no. 150 (1998): 639–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/cea.1998.1820.

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45

Ntiharirizwa, Seconde, Philippe Boulvais, Marc Poujol, Yannick Branquet, Cesare Morelli, Joël Ntungwanayo, and Gilbert Midende. "Geology and U-Th-Pb Dating of the Gakara REE Deposit, Burundi." Minerals 8, no. 9 (September 7, 2018): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8090394.

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The Gakara Rare Earth Elements (REE) deposit is one of the world’s highest grade REE deposits, likely linked to a carbonatitic magmatic-hydrothermal activity. It is located near Lake Tanganyika in Burundi, along the western branch of the East African Rift. Field observations suggest that the mineralized veins formed in the upper crust. Previous structures inherited from the Kibaran orogeny may have been reused during the mineralizing event. The paragenetic sequence and the geochronological data show that the Gakara mineralization occurred in successive stages in a continuous hydrothermal history. The primary mineralization in bastnaesite was followed by an alteration stage into monazite. The U-Th-Pb ages obtained on bastnaesite (602 ± 7 Ma) and on monazite (589 ± 8 Ma) belong to the Pan-African cycle. The emplacement of the Gakara REE mineralization most likely took place during a pre-collisional event in the Pan-African belt, probably in an extensional context.

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46

Bustin, Edouard, and Marc Quaghebeur. "Figures et paradoxes de l'Histoire au Burundi, au Congo et au Rwanda." International Journal of African Historical Studies 36, no. 1 (2003): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3559355.

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47

Botte, Roger. "Rwanda and Burundi, 1889-1930: Chronology of a Slow Assassination, Part 2." International Journal of African Historical Studies 18, no. 2 (1985): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/217744.

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48

Botte, Roger. "Rwanda and Burundi, 1889-1930: Chronology of a Slow Assassination, Part 1." International Journal of African Historical Studies 18, no. 1 (1985): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/217974.

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49

Schmidt, Frank. "Recommendations for improving the security of humanitarian workers." International Review of the Red Cross 37, no. 317 (April 1997): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400085089.

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The meeting of heads of delegation and regional delegates held in Glion from 19 to 22 January 1997 was a milestone in the recent history of the ICRC. Its aim was to mobilize senior operational staff around security issues in situations where humanitarian operations are undertaken. The recent tragic events affecting the ICRC (the assassination of ten staff members in Burundi, Chechnya and Cambodia) and the murder of three members of Médecins du monde as well as four United Nations human rights monitors in Rwanda, have highlighted the need to reassess security and humanitarian action on behalf of conflict victims.

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50

Lemarchand, René. "The Report of the National Commission to Study the Question of National Unity in Burundi: a Critical Comment." Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 4 (December 1989): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00020516.

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In May 1989 the National Commission for the Study of National Unity appointed by President Pierre Buyoya issued its eagerly awaited report, ostensibly designed to find a lasting solution to the bloody confrontations that have repeatedly pitted Hutu against Tutsi. For the first time in the history of independent Burundi an official statement has been made public which explicitly recognises the centrality of the Hutu-Tutsi problem, and sets forth specific solutions to resolve it. As such this is a document of historic significance, and the sum of its recommendations must be seen as an important breakthrough towards national reconciliation.

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