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Journal articles on the topic 'History of Czech countries'
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1
Vaněk, Miroslav. "Czeska oral history w perspektywie globalnej. Podobieństwa i różnice." Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej 3 (October 30, 2013): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26774/wrhm.47.
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The article aims to highlight the specific route of Czech oral history in comparison with developed countries, where oral history has been an age-old tradition. Czech oral history, same as oral history in other so called post-communist countries, did not experience that with oral history in 1960s and 1970s, oral history was totally unknown in the then Czechoslovakia (as well as in other countries of the so called socialist block). In the Czech Republic, oral history was used in the mid-1990s for the first time; but it took much more time before it stopped being ignored and criticized. Boom of oral history started in the end of 1990s, same like in South America or South Africa, and of course at the post-communist countries.
An increased interest in oral history, however, also brings along some problems and risks related with this new trend. I will examine some cases of journalistic work which passes itself off as oral history and which is often ideologically motivated. Mastering the method and a good knowledge of the historical context are, in my opinion, essential requirements for a valid historical interpretation, and lack of these can be crucial.
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Thomas, Josef Jiří. "PREHISTORY OF THE CZECH RADON PROGRAM." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 191, no. 2 (September 2020): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa164.
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Abstract In the Czech Republic, the program managing high radon levels in dwellings has existed for nearly 30 years. Although the recent history of radiation protection from naturally radioactive gas is quite well known, prior radon management is less understood. This article describes the history of natural radioactivity and its management from the Middle Ages, showing that Czech countries have a much longer and abundant history related to natural radioactivity.
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Vedernikov, M. V. "THE SLOVAK QUESTION DURING THE GREAT WAR (A CASE STUDY OF L. ŠTUR SLOVAK-RUSSIAN SOCIETY)." Rusin, no. 61 (2020): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/61/5.
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With the outbreak of WWI (1914–1918), the participating countries began to promote separatist movements on their own territory, which aimed to destroy the foundations of hostile multinational empires. Of particular interest to the Russian authorities were the compatriots of the Slavic peoples of Austria-Hungary, who loudly declared their desire to destroy the Habsburg Empire. One of the most active diasporas was the Czechs, who managed to meet with Nicholas II twice in the first month of the war and achieve the formation of the Czech squad. However, the Czech question, initially incorporating the Slovak one due to the ethnic and linguistic proximity, exposed significant contradictions. An active part of the Slovak political elite living in Russia opposed the formation of a single Czech-Slovak state, because they were close to the idea of Slovakia’s accession to Russia. To popularize these ideas, a Slovak-Russian society named after L. Štur was established in Moscow. It received support from the outstanding Russians as well as the largest Slovak diasporas in the United States. The assistance of such important actors forced the Czechs to look for ways to resolve the conflict with the Slovaks, which undoubtedly led to the mainstreaming of the Slovak question. However, the cessions of 1915–1916 failed to resolve the conflict. Drawing on new archival sources and current historiography, the author concludes that the presence of multiple conflicts contributed to the formation of the Czech-Slovak national idea, which was free from asymmetry, and made Slovaks equal partners.
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Mücke, Pavel. "Dole i niedole czeskiej oral history (1990–2012)." Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej 3 (October 30, 2013): 131–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26774/wrhm.46.
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The article is a review of the most significant projects carried out using the oral history method by the Institute of Contemporary History at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ÚSD AV ČR) between 1996–2012. It is presented from the perspective of Czech historiography with regard to thematic and historical trends. The author also presents the methodological aspects of those projects along with the reactions provoked by such initiatives by both experts and society.
The author states that contemporary oral history is a well-known concept within Czech culture, drawing on the universal „expansion of remembrance” and a growing interest in the retention of peoples’ accounts, though the term was hardly known in the Czech Republic twenty years ago. Today, the Czech Republic has a broad spectrum of both completed and on-going oral history projects, as well as better institutional, methodological and technical bases, which, together with internationally recognised spokespersons, makes them one of the world leaders in this research category. The author presents Czech oral history in a basic (chronological, thematic and institutional) framework and compares it not only with its immediate neighbours but also with more distant countries. This not only helps distinguish common features within the oral history world but also defines those characteristics unique to the Czech model.
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Lomíček, Jan. "Historie a perspektivy sportovního muzejnictví v ČR na příkladu Oddělení dějin tělesné výchovy a sportu Národního muzea." Muzeum Muzejní a vlastivedná práce 57, no. 2 (2021): 40–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/mmvp.2019.013.
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The Department of Physical Education and Sports History of The National Museum administrates the oldest museum collection of exhibits and materials in the Czech Republic focusing on sports, physical education and olympism history not only in Czech lands, but also abroad. The crucial and considerable problem is the absence of a permanent exhibition, which would facilitate a systematic and permanent communication not only with non-professional public, but also with sport and museum professionals. This is a common practice abroad where various sport and olympic museums are an integral part of national cultural heritage. There has not been a permanent exhibition of Czech sport for twenty years and thus various local and private museums substitute its non-existence. Presentation of sport, physical education and olympic historic collection of the National Museum is thus doubtful. The situation in other countries in Central Europe is completely different. This paper deals with the history of The Department of Physical Education and Sports History collection, summarizes the situation in the Czech Republic and in other countries of the Visegrad group. At the end, the paper offers possible approaches that could be adopted in future practice.
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Vatsulik, Y., and A. B. Satanov. "The History of the Development of Education in the Czech Republic and Kazakhstan (1990-1999): A Comparative Historical Analysis." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 131, no. 2 (2020): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2020-131-2-22-35.
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The objective of the article is to examine patterns of similarities and differences across educational reforms in the Czech Republic and Kazakhstan in post-socialist context. The study conducted a comparativehistorical analysis of the development of education systems in Kazakhstan and the Czech Republic in the 1990s when there was a transition of these countries from the socialist to the capitalist regime. The comparative historical analysis of the educational reforms of these two countries identified a number of similar patterns and considerable differences in the development of their education systems due to many contextual and structural factors and historical prerequisites. The comparative analysis demonstrated that both in the educational systems of the Czech Republic and Kazakhstan democratization, humanization and differentiation were taken as main principles of the reforms, but these processes developed in the different level and directions. As a result, it was stated that both the Czech Republic and Kazakhstan intended to democratize educational systems in post-socialist context. While the Czech Republic tended to decentralize and diversify the school system, delegating the practical implementation of educational policies to various organizations and lobbying groups, however, Kazakhstan maintains a highly centralized system from top to bottom, which leaves little administrative, financial, managerial, executive authority for the low structures of the state apparatus and the public, which limits the system to strict planning and standards.
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Rychtaříková, Jitka. "Czech and Slovak Families in the European Context." Journal of Family History 19, no. 2 (June 1994): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319909401900204.
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During the past two decades most of the developed countries of Europe have witnessed changes in such family-related demographic phenomena as nuptiality, divorce, and fertility. For the time being, the Czech and Slovak Republics continue to exhibit patterns established earlier in history. Marriage is universal and is contracted at young ages. Children are born to young parents and at short childbirth intervals. The proportion of childless women is below ten percent, which is comparatively low. The eight percent of children born out of wedlock is comparatively low by European standards. Longitudinal indicators are characterized by great stability. As a result of recent profound political, social, and economic changes, it is reasonable to expect changes in demographic behavior as well. The first of these may be a marked decline in fertility along the lines already experienced by southern European countries.
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Andreiko, Vitaliy. "The Experience of Czech-Slovak Diplomatic Cooperation in the Context of the European Integration of Ukraine." Науковий вісник Чернівецького національного університету імені Юрія Федьковича. Історія 1, no. 47 (June 30, 2018): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/hj2018.47.46-52.
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The contemporary history of the Czech Republic’s and the Slovak Republic’s formation asindependent European states has a meaningful specificity, compared to other Central European countries and post-Soviet states. First, in the early 1990s, against the backdrop of the former socialist federations’ «balkanization», the Czech and Slovak peoples and their political elites demonstrated the possibility of a civilized, peaceful and evolutionary self-dissolution of the Czech-Slovak federative union and the declaration of independence by the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. Second, the cessation of the Czech-Slovak federative union and the declaration of independence by Czechia and Slovakia took place on the basis and within the framework of the existing constitutional norms and laws. And thirdly, when still in the federation, the Czech and Slovak parties were in advance preparing conditions for the full functioning of national statehood from the first days of independence of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic and the legal and contractual basis for their further close inter-state cooperation.
Keywords: Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, diplomatic cooperation, EU, NATO, Europeanintegration of Ukraine
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Crhová, Zuzana, Zuzana Fišerová, and Marie Paseková. "Corporate Insolvency Proceedings: A Case of Visegrad Four." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 1 (2016): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664010235.
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Insolvency proceeding and liquidation of bankrupt companies are important topics in days of economic slowdown which affected all economies after financial crisis. This paper aims to find main differences between insolvency proceedings in the countries of Visegrad four. The main goal is to describe insolvency law in member countries and then to compare it from the poin of view of main actors. This comparison can help to find which changes and ideas could be applied to improve and make more effective the Czech insolvency system. The countries of Visegrad four was selected because of their common history and similar economic development. First of all, the legal background of insolvency proceedings which is possible for legal entities in these countries is examined. Then this paper deals with insolvency proceedings from the point of view of their participants – creditors, debtors and insolvency administrator. We have found that insolvency proceedings in these countries are very similar but there is still some inspiration for the Czech insolvency system.
10
Porras, Laila. "Labour Market Trends during Post-Socialist Transformation: The Cases of the Czech Republic, Hungary and Russia." QA Rivista dell'Associazione Rossi-Doria, no. 4 (December 2010): 61–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/qu2010-004003.
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Labour Market Trends during Post-Socialist Transformation: The Cases of the Czech Republic, Hungary and Russia The paper analyzes the factors behind the evolution of employment and wages during the first decade of post-socialist transformation. It focuses on three countries: Hungary, Russia and the Czech Republic. We propose an explanation of the development of labour market trends in line with institutional approaches, which take the differences between countries to be accounted for by the role played by national features in the process of institutional and systemic change. Factors such as history, policies and labour market institutions and the role of the State, are taken into account in order to illustrate these three transformation paths.
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Akkerman, Abraham. "Age-Specific Household Size as a Demographic Aspect of Regional Disparity: Czech Republic, 1991." Canadian Studies in Population 31, no. 2 (December 31, 2004): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6zs3r.
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The post-communist transition to market economy in Central Europe over the last decade of the twentieth century had a significant impact on the demographic profile of the former Soviet bloc countries. Largely due to government policy and market conditions related to housing, this observation is particularly true for the Czech Republic. The present study shows housing as a facet of regional demographic differences within the Czech Republic. The household composition matrix is applied here as a demographic gauge to the behavioral response of households to Czech housing markets and policy. The matrix provides here a glance at households’ demographic behavior in the capital city of Prague and in the country’s other regions, during the early transition period, based on observations from the 1991 census. A summary feature of household composition is the age-specific household size shown for the various regions of the Czech Republic to trace the reduced standard Gamma function. Anomalies detected in the trajectory of age-specific household size for Prague confirm the unique housing market conditions in the capital city, and point to a commensurate demographic response in Prague as opposed to the rest of the country.
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Berend, Ivan T. "The further enlargement of the European Union in a historical perspective." European Review 7, no. 2 (May 1999): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700003963.
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The article discusses the proposed enlargement of the European Union by the inclusion of the five Central European Countries, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Estonia and Slovenia in terms of their history. In the past, they have been part of the West at times, but their recent economic history has not been encouraging. What will their prospects be when joining the European Union?
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Smolík, Josef. "Football hooliganism in the countries of the Visegrád Group: cooperation and confrontation." Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja 11, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kse.2017.11.4.
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The article deals with the description of football hooligans in the countries of Visegrad Group (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary). Text describes history of this phenomenon in the central Europe in the context of European Football Championships of 2012 and 2016. Particular hooligans’ groups, the basic characteristics, relations and manifestations of these groups are briefly presented. In the final part there are outlined particular actors participating in tackling with football hooligans, including legislative procedures stemming from European Convention. In the conclusion itself there is discussed also police’ cooperation during big football championships.
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Żygadło-Czopnik, Dorota. "Dorastanie naznaczone traumą historii. Kilka refleksji nad powieściami Jiříego Kratochvila „Uprostřed nocí zpěv” i Magdaleny Tulli „Włoskie szpilki”." Miscellanea Posttotalitariana Wratislaviensia 6 (October 10, 2017): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2353-8546.6.19.
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Growing up marked by trauma in Jiří Kratochvil’s, Uprostřed nocí zpěv and Magdalena Tulla’s, Włoskie szpilkiThe process of political change began in Czechoslovakia at the end of 1989, a few months after the so-called Polish Round Table Talks, and after the events in Hungary, East Germany or Bulgaria, foretelling the political transformations in those countries. Poles and Czechs are nations steeped in history, whose rhythm is defined by traumas, many of which still await their artistic disarmament. Czech history is completely different than that of Poles. As a result of the tangled history, Czech and Polish national identities are not fully defined. The key objective of the proposed paper is to examine how the contemporary Polish and Czech writers confront their totalitarian heritage. We would like to focus on the works of a Moravian author Jiří Kratochvil b. 1940 in Brno, who is undervalued and barely known in Poland, and of a Polish writer Magdalena Tulla b. 1955. As a matter of fact, Jiří Kratochvil was truly discovered in the Czech Republic only after November 1989.Взросление в тени исторической травмы в повести Иржи Кратохвила Uprostřed nocí zpěv и Магдалены Тулли Włoskie szpilkiПроцесс политических преобразований начался в Чехословакии в конце 1989 года, спустя несколько месяцев после польских переговоров т. наз. круглого стола и после событий в Венгрии, ГДР или Болгарии, которые предвещали политико-режимные трансформации в этих странах. Поляки и чехи — это народы, погруженные в историю, а ее ритм в польском и чешском мышлении диктуют травмы. Многие из них еще предстоит обезвредить при помощи инструментов искусства. Чешская история во многом отличается от нашей. По причине непростой истории чешская и польская национальные идентичности не получили своего четкого определения. Основной целью предлагаемого доклада является исследование того, как современные польские и чешские писатели сводят счеты с тоталитарным наследием. Главное внимание будет уделено творчеству моравского писателя Иржи Кратохвила 1940 г.р., Брно, автора малоизвестного в Польше, а также польской писательницы Магдалены Тулли 1955 г.р.. Иржи Кратохвил и в самой Чехии приобрел признание только после ноября 1989 года.
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Williams, Kieran. "When a Constitutional Amendment Violates the "Substantive Core": The Czech Constitutional Court's September 2009 Early Elections Decision." Review of Central and East European Law 36, no. 1 (2011): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092598811x12960354394687.
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AbstractIn September 2009, the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic blocked the early dissolution of the lower house of the national legislature, as it had not taken place in the set of circumstances envisioned by the 1992 Czech Constitution. Instead, it had taken place by a special ad hoc constitutional amendment to shorten the normal term of office. The Court ruled that this amendment, although enacted in the correct procedure, violated core values of the Constitution. This article provides a full background to the case, analysis of the arguments developed by the petitioner, the court's reasoning, the impact of the decision and comparison with similar rulings by the high courts in other countries.
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Wintr, Jan. "Die Regierungsform Tschechiens und der Slowakei im Vergleich." osteuropa recht 65, no. 3 (2019): 380–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2019-3-380.
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In their current constitutions, both the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic share common roots owed to their 74-year history of one nation. Following independence, however, there are noticeable differences in the further development of their current constitutions. This article provides an overview of definitions of the parliamentary and the semi-presidential systems of government, explores relevant events and constitutional jurisdiction, and continues with a comparison of the current position of the head of state and its particular competences in both countries. In conclusion, the article states that both the Czech and the Slovak Republic have a clearly parliamentary system of government.
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Paulík, Karel. "The History of the Psychology of Work and Organization in Czech and Slovak Industry." European Psychologist 9, no. 3 (January 2004): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.9.3.170.
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This article focuses on the application of the psychology of work and organization to the situation in the industrial areas of the former Czechoslovakia and neighboring Central European countries over the last eight decades. The psychology of work and organization in the country has passed through a series of changes, both favorable and unfavorable. The development of work and organizational psychology in Czechoslovakia can be divided into three stages according to certain features which characterize each stage: 1918-1945, 1945-1990, from 1990 to the present.
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Romanyuk, Taras. "Lubor Niederle and the development of Сzech Slavic studies and archaeology in the context of Ukrainian national progress." Materials and studies on archaeology of Sub-Carpathian and Volhynian area 21 (November 16, 2017): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/mdapv.2017-21-41-58.
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Activities of Czech scientists of the late XVIII-XIX centuries. concerning the study of the Slavic peoples, continued by the prominent Czech Slavic scholar, archaeologist, historian, ethnographer, philologist Lubor Niederle (1865–1944) are discussed in the article. The scientist had a good European education on anthropology and archaeology, studying in Germany and France and during his scientific trips to Great Britain, Italy, Germany, Russia, and the Balkan countries. Collected material formed the basis of his first comprehensive monograph about humanity during the prehistoric era, in particular on the lands inhabited by the Slavs. Among a large number of published researches, most important was the multivolume monograph “Slovanské starožitnosti”, in which scientist analyzed the history of the Slavs from the prehistoric period till the early Middle Ages. Publications of L. Niederle were of great interest to Ukrainian scholars (M. Hrushevskyi, F. Vovk, M. Bilyashivskyi, V. Hnatyuk, etc.). They criticized his Russophile position and defending of the dubious claims of Russian researchers about Ukrainian history. Key words: Czech Slavic studies, Lubor Niederle, Slavic antiquities, Ukrainians.
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Bacik, Radovan, Jitka Kloudova, Jaroslav Gonos, and Viera Ivankova. "Management of competitiveness and economic performance based in the V4 countries." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 3 (2019): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2019.3-06.
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The economic condition and competitiveness is currently a highly discussed issue and it is necessary to confront individual countries. In a period characterized by economic dynamics, economic growth, the sustainability of economic development, it is common that most countries are concerned with the study of indicators that can help them to understand their economic situation. This paper focuses on the competitiveness and economic performance of the V4 countries based on two selected indicators – Global Competitiveness Index and Gross Domestic Product growth rate in the period from 2002 to 2016. The countries of the Visegrad Group do not only share a common Central European space, apart from geographic location, but they are also linked with history, culture, values, priorities and interests to strengthen stability in the Central European region. The aim of this study is to assess the development of the V4 economies and to define the degree of homogeneity of the Global Competitiveness Index and the rate of GDP growth between Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. To meet the main goal, selected indicators were subjected to an analysis of their development in the set period and their mutual confrontation was carried out. For analysis of variances, we used statistical method ANOVA. Countries of Visegrad Group are linked by significant factors from social areas, but each country faces different economic problems, which determines their economic status and position in the world. Based on the results, the Czech Republic records the most significant differences in the GCI index compared to other V4 countries. The study agrees with the arguments that the Czech Republic is the most successful country within the Visegrad Group. The benefit of the article reflects the perception of the V4 countries from an economic point of view, which is not conditioned by the common characteristics of this group. The analysis absorbs possible skewed speculation and encourages further research that may be dealt with in the future by other macroeconomic indicators within the Visegrad Group.
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Honsová, Pavlína, Jonathan Passmore, Eva Jarošová, and Hazel Brown. "Coaching in Visegrad Four Countries: A Comparison to other European countries." Journal of East European Management Studies 25, no. 4 (2020): 792–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0949-6181-2020-4-792.
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The Visegrad Four countries (the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, and Hungary) share common traits in economics (Capik/Drahokoupil 2011), common history (Fawn 2013) and some political and social challenges (Förster/György Tòth 1997). In this article, we seek to determine common trends in the relatively narrow field of (executive) coaching. In the introduction, we explain the psychological background rooted in different learning theories (e.g., Kolb model, ELT) and psychotherapeutic approaches related to coaching such as humanistic psychology or solution-focused approach. The study itself formed part of a European-wide research project, where almost 3000 respondents from 51 European countries answered a questionnaire regarding professional coaching and mentoring. Answers from 419 Visegrad coaches and 1745 coaches from other European countries were compared to determine the trends and traits of the Visegrad Group-based coaching. Key insights from the study included significant differences in the use of methods of reflection such as reading coaching research, attending peer networks, using a mentor or attending webinars. There were also significant differences in the areas in which coaches pursue. Visegrad Four coaches coach significantly more in the area of life and well-being coaching and education coaching and less in the area of performance coaching. We also explored the coaching approaches and found that cognitive-behavioral coaching, NLP, transactional analysis and gestalt coaching are significantly more popular in the European sample while a solution-focused approach is used more in the Visegrad Four countries sample.
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Vaupot, Zoran. "Development of Clusters in Poland." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 5, no. 5 (2019): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.55.2003.
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Similar recent history (former communist economies), geographical position (central Europe), relatively small size (except Poland), political systems (parliamentary democracies) and EU membership define Visegrad countries as the perfect group to compare with Slovenia. When we analyse the stock of inward foreign direct investments (IFDI) in comparison to GDP in Slovenia and all Visegrad countries, noticeable differences appear. With 30.5% (December 2016) the stock of IFDI in Slovenia was much lower than the comparable data for Poland (39.4%), Slovakia (48.8%), Czech Republic (60.0%) and Hungary (64.3%). Also the trend of the IFDI share of GDP shows that the differences between Slovenia and Visegrad countries will not diminish noticeably in the forthcoming years. We try to verify whether the explanation of this phenomenon can be realized with the help of well-known cross-cultural models. In other words, is there a country-specific cultural dimension which influences whether Slovenia receives less IFDI than the Visegrad countries? In what ways is this dimension an influence on Slovenia receiving less IFDI? We conclude that the lack of IFDI has to be attributed to Slovenian particularities rather than significant cross-cultural differences when compared to Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic and Slovakia.
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Bednarek, Wojciech. "Little Moscow on the Vltava river – Russian communities in the Czech Republic in the context of socio-political order and homeland security." Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 18, no. 3 (December 2020): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2020.3.4.
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The central concern of this paper is the growing influx of Russian migrants to the Czech Republic and the consequences for political and social order. With nearly 40,000 migrants, Russians are the fourth biggest foreign community in Czechia. Due to their material status, the history of bilateral relations, and the significant role of their homeland in Czech politics, the growing Russian community poses a problem for Czech society. The fear of Russian dominance – in political as well as economical dimensions – as well as resentment about the communistic era, is still present among Czech people. Although most Russians come to Czech to study or to do business and are not engaged in political activity, relations between migrants and the host society can be strained. Mutual prejudices make themselves felt in moments of the political crisis between two countries, such as the recent row over Soviet monuments in Prague. However, this doesn’t necessarily mean that the Russian community could easily become a tool for Kremlin propaganda. Russians appreciate the opportunity to live in a rich, liberal and democratic society and even though they keep strong emotional ties with their homeland they are not keen to affirm all of Moscow’s deeds.
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Polčák, Radim. "Stone Roots, Digital Leaves: Czech Law against Unfair Competition in the Internet Era." Review of Central and East European Law 33, no. 2 (2008): 155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092598808x262588.
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AbstractThe law against unfair competition is traditionally understood in countries of the Alpine legal system as extraordinary and unconventional. Unlike other legal disciplines, it does not rely on black-letter law; it is less formal and less legislatively elaborative in detail. Thus, progress and development in this area is not a matter for the legislator but for broad practically-driven doctrinal work connected to contemporary case law. When the Internet brought new opportunities in the development of business ventures, Czech law against unfair competition did not react with legislative changes but by the further development of standard interpretational patterns. In this article, we will briefly describe the grounds as well as recent related developments in the Czech law against unfair competition connected to unfair business practices on the Internet.
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Kowalska, Anna, Jaroslav Kovarnik, Eva Hamplova, and Pavel Prazak. "The Selected Topics for Comparison in Visegrad Four Countries." Economies 6, no. 3 (September 17, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies6030050.
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Visegrad Group is a group of four countries in Central Europe, namely the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, and Hungary. These countries share not only a similar history, but also similar economic development (measured for example by Gross Domestic Product (GDP)) and geo-political ideas. Nowadays, the economic development of every country and its competitiveness on the world market is supported by the creation of innovation (knowledge-based economy), especially from an Industry 4.0 point of view. The aim of this article is to compare the Visegrad Four (V4) from different perspectives. Firstly, the comparison of GPD development is done, next the analysis of foreign trade. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of changes in innovativeness and competitiveness of the V4 economies over a period of 5 years. The Global Innovation Index (GII) shows the level of innovation of most countries in the world. Reports publishing GII were established thanks to the cooperation of Cornwall University with INSEAD (fr. Institut européen d'administration des affaires) Business School and World Intellectual Property Organization. The Summary Innovation Index (SII) was used in the European Innovation Scoreboard, as well as the Global Competitiveness Report and Global Competitiveness Index (GCI). The analysis shows that all members of V4 are so called moderate innovators. The Czech Republic begins to diverge from other member states in terms of SII, GII and it has been increasing its GCI as well. Poland occupies one of the last positions in the V4 innovation ranking, where Hungary was the weakest in terms of competitiveness in 2016. However, the mutual connection between GDP and above mentioned indexes shows relatively surprising results.
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Zagata, L. "Bio cash-cow? Context and content of Czech organic farming." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 53, No. 1 (January 7, 2008): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/993-agricecon.
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This work presents results of a qualitative empirical study on practices of farmers participating in the Czech system of organic agriculture (ecological agriculture). Growth of this sector has been seen almost solely in positive terms, without questioning its content. However, Czech organic agriculture does not stem from the organic movement as is the case in Western Europe and therefore it is necessary to ask what it draws on and to discover, with regard to its nature, whether it can meet the expectations stated in official policies. This paper briefly describes the development of organic farming in other countries and the current problem of its conventionalization. The research study then shows evidence that organic farming is not adopted only because of stateâÂÂs subsidies, but also due to the specific value orientation of farmers, despite the history and the lack of tradition of these specific practices in the Czech Republic.
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Lewis, Oliver. "Mental disability law in central and eastern Europe: paper, practice, promise." International Journal of Mental Health and Capacity Law, no. 8 (September 8, 2014): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijmhcl.v0i8.335.
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<p>This paper explores socio-legal issues within mental disability systems in central and eastern Europe, focusing on the ten countries which have entered into an accession partnership with the European Union (EU) and will become members within the next few years, namely (starting from the north): Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Romania and Bulgaria, countries with a combined population of almost 100 million people. These EU accession countries share a recent history of either being parts of the Soviet Union (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), part of the Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia (Slovenia) or ruled from communist Moscow (the others).</p>
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Mojžišová, Michaela. "Contribution of Slovak Directors to the Profile of the Czech Opera Theatre After 1993." Slovenske divadlo /The Slovak Theatre 66, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 380–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sd-2018-0023.
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Abstract The ambition of the survey study, which maps the work of Slovak directors in Czech opera theatres after 1993, is to identify the number of Slovak creators in the opera-theatre discourse of the very closely connected countries in terms of culture and history while at the same time adding the professional biographies of Slovak artists – who are little known and reflected upon in their homeland – and parts of their works. The author concludes that the split of the Czechoslovak Republic and the subsequent creation of separate Czech and Slovak Republics did not have an adverse effect on the mutual contacts of our opera cultures. At present, we even enjoy intensified co-operation in both directions. The nonjudgmental attitude of Czech theatres towards the influence of Slovak film directors in the Czech Republic is clear: not only credible creators (Marián Chudovský), but also representatives of the younger generation of opera directors (Andrea Hlinková) and renowned drama directors with previous opera experience (Martin Huba, Roman Polák), as well as creators who had not yet worked on the opera scene at home (Martin Čičvák, Sláva Daubnerová) were presented with an opportunity to contribute. Despite the fact that their works represented the enrichment of the Czech opera-theatre, the Slovak director with the most significant contribution to the Czech opera theatre remains Jozef Bednárik, even two decades later.
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Wingfield, Nancy Meriwether. "Czech-Sudeten German Relations in Light of the “Velvet Revolution”: Post-Communist Interpretations∗." Nationalities Papers 24, no. 01 (March 1996): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999608408429.
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On 27 February 1992, almost 47 years after the end of the Second World War, Chancellor Helmut Kohl of a re-united Germany and President Václav Havel of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic [the ČSFR] signed a Friendship Treaty between their two countries in the Spanish Room of Prague Castle, the residence of the Czechoslovak president. While this treaty could have signalled a new era of Sudeten German-Czech relations, in fact it did not, as some 2,000 protesters who greeted Kohl and Havel with denunciatory placards following the signing made clear. Why not?
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Herza, Filip. "Colonial Exceptionalism: Post-colonial Scholarship and Race in Czech and Slovak Historiography." Slovenský národopis / Slovak Ethnology 68, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/se-2020-0010.
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AbstractIn spite of recent calls for the decolonisation of Czech and Slovak academia, there is still relatively little reflection of post-colonial theory in either Czech or Slovak historiography or related disciplines, including ethnology and Slavic studies. In the following essay I summarise the local discussion of coloniality and colonialism that has been going on since at least the end of the 2000s, while pointing out its conceptual limits and blind spots; namely the persistence of ‘colonial exceptionalism’ and the lack of understanding and use of race as an analytical tool. In dialogue with critical race theory as well as recent literature that deals with comparable ‘non-colonial’ or ‘marginal-colonial’ contexts such as South-Eastern Europe, Poland and the Nordic countries, I discuss how the local debates relating to colonial history as well as the post-colonial / post-socialist present of both countries would benefit from embracing the concept of ‘colonial exceptionalism’ and from including concepts of race and ‘whiteness’ as important tools of a critical analysis.
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Tóth, Attila, Barbora Duží, Jan Vávra, Ján Supuka, Mária Bihuňová, Denisa Halajová, Stanislav Martinát, and Eva Nováková. "Changing Patterns of Allotment Gardening in the Czech Republic and Slovakia." Nature and Culture 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 161–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2018.130108.
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Allotment gardens have played a significant role in Czech and Slovak society for decades, building upon a rich history of gardening. This article elaborates on Czech and Slovak allotments in the European context and identifies their core functions, services, and benefits. We provide a thorough historical review of allotments in this region, reaching back to the eighteenth century to trace significant periods and historic events that shaped society in general and urban gardening in particular. We analyze the development of allotments until and after 1989 and illustrate key aspects of their present situation using case studies and examples. The article provides a complex historical narrative as a good basis for discussions on contemporary trends, challenges, and visions for the future of urban allotment gardening in both countries.
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Bobiatyńska, Marta. "The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme in Central European Education Systems." Miscellanea Geographica 14, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2010-0031.
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Abstract The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme has been introduced in the Central and Eastern European countries since the beginning of the 1990s. Developed in the 1960s by the International Baccalaureate Organisation in Geneva, it became since then an important part of the world educational system. The number of schools authorised by the International Baccalaureate Organisation (IBO) to offer the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) has increased considerably. This paper aims to present the history of the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme in nine countries of Central and Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, The Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia).
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Blahova Dusankova, J., T. Kalincik, T. Dolezal, G. Kobelt, and E. Havrdova. "Cost of multiple sclerosis in the Czech Republic: The COMS study." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 18, no. 5 (September 30, 2011): 662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458511424422.
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Background: Information about cost of multiple sclerosis (MS) is available from a number of European countries, but no data from the Czech Republic have been published so far. Objective: The objective of this study was to establish the cost of MS in the Czech Republic, overall and by level of disease severity. Methods: Data on demographics, disease history, resource consumption and production losses were collected from 909 patients recruited in 7 MS centres in the Czech Republic. Annual costs were estimated in the societal perspective, using 2007 unit costs. To evaluate the relationship between disability and costs, patients were stratified into those with mild (67%), moderate (27%) and severe (10%) disability using the Expanded Disability Status Scale. Results: Mean total annual costs per patient were €12,272, of which 51% were direct medical costs, 4% direct non-medical costs and 45% indirect costs. The average annual costs in patients with mild, moderate and severe disability amounted to €9905, €14,064 and €22,880, respectively. Conclusion: The total costs of MS in the Czech Republic are estimated at €208.6 million per year. Consistent with other studies, the costs increase significantly with the severity of MS.
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Heumos, Peter. "Workers under Communist Rule: Research in the Former Socialist Countries of Eastern-Central and South-Eastern Europe and in the Federal Republic of Germany." International Review of Social History 55, no. 1 (April 2010): 83–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859009990630.
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SummaryAfter the collapse of the communist system in eastern Europe, the development of the historiographies in the Czech and Slovak republics, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and the Federal Republic of Germany has been characterized by a broad spectrum of differences. This article offers an overview of the ways in which these differences have worked out for the history of the working class in the eastern European countries under communist rule, understood here as the social history of workers. It shows that cultural and political traditions and the “embedding” of historical research in the respective societies prior to 1989, the extent to which historiography after 1989 was able to connect to pre-1989 social-historical or sociological investigations, and the specific national political situation after 1989 make up for much of the differences in the ways that the history of the working class is dealt with in the countries concerned.
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Korsak, Roman, Vasyl Ilnytskyi, and Ivan Hodia. "UKRAINIAN-CZECH ECONOMIC LINKS: DIPLOMACY, TRADE, AND TOURISM (THE BEGINNING OF THE ХХІ CENTURY)." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 4 (September 2018): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-4-181-187.
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The article’s purpose is in a complex manner to analyse Ukrainian-Czech economic cooperation throughout 2000-2017, particularly, in the sphere of economic diplomacy, trade, and tourism. The research methods. The methodological base for a systemic research into Ukrainian-Czech economic cooperation consists of general scientific principles and postulates, as also a wide spectrum of methods, which passed into the theory of international relations from philosophy, gnoseology, ontology, axiology, dialectics, logic, history, and other particular sciences. The results. It has been proved that the bilateral cooperation under consideration depended on the Ukrainian-Czech contract-legal base coordination level, which regulated their mutual relations, repayment prospects of Ukraine’s “Yamburg debt” to the Czech Republic, the scope of cooperation of each of the countries with the European Union, and level of tourist attraction. The main long-term economic interests of Ukraine in its relations with the Czech Republic were such: the development of an economic dialogue, the realization of the common Ukrainian-Czech economic and investment projects, and cooperation in tourism development. The economically-advisory dialogue between Ukraine and the Czech Republic, according to their bilateral interstate agreements, was carried out by the Ukrainian-Czech Commission on trade and economic cooperation, the Working group on the liberalization of their mutual trade, and by other institutional bodies. The expert consultations about the cooperation in the areas of tourism, power engineering, agriculture, banking, and other social components made up an effective form of economic dialogue. The signed inter-governmental and inter-departmental contract-legal certificates became an effective result of positive economic cooperation. The most active work in this direction was done on the eve and in the first years of Czechia’s membership in the European Union. Despite much work done, it did not bring about the possibility to solve problem questions and to eliminate existing barriers in the bilateral trade. After Czechia’s joining the EU, the improvement of a trading mode between the two countries rests within the plane of agreements and the development of a necessary contract-legal base with the EU. Conclusion. The bilateral economic cooperation between Ukraine and the Czech Republic has every prospect for further intensification, especially, in the sphere of statistics of the bilateral trade and economic relations, in Ukraine’s fulfilment of its commitments provided by “Yamburg agreements”, and in the popularizations of Ukraine’s positive tourist image.
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Kuzub, Halyna. "National minorities political rights in the context of decentralization of power in the Eastern European countries." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 33-34 (August 25, 2017): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2016.33-34.250-256.
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The question of political minorities rights is always crucial for European countries because of mutual history and border changes. Almost each of these countries are characterized by small groups of ethnic minorities who are living in boarding areas. Some representatives of these ethnic groups have separatistic points of view during the years. In some European countries situation becomes even more complicated because of assimilation policy which was provided by the former Soviet Union.
Decentralization is transferring of authorities to the local levels what is other serious accelerator of the questions of political minorities rights. The question of our research work is if the impact of decentralization process matches political minorities rights in Eastern Europe? In the present study we analyze the results of administrative and territorial reforms in Poland, the Czech Republic , Slovakia and we also took into consideration the impact of ethnic factor within new administrative and territorial division.
In conclusions author emphasizes that in Eastern Europe new division process mostly happened without taking into account historical areas where small groups of political minorities lived. Author also draws our attention to the possible separatism, which can be the reason of articulation of national minorities will, who live near the borders to other countries as to unite in some areas.
Keywords: Decentralization of authority, administrative-territorial reform, post-socialist transformation, minorities, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia
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Brožovičová, Klára. "Social Exclusion and Inclusion in the Czech Republic and in South Africa: Comparison and Facts." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 10, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2019-0064.
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Abstract The article’s aim is to compare the opposite processes of social exclusion and inclusion in South Africa and in the Czech Republic, in the past and at the present time. Even though these societies differ culturally and geographically, the comparison of some important factors, which are causing the exclusion of some people groups, might be interesting. In both cases we will closely follow the social, ethnic and racial groups, which are mostly excluded in the given environment. In South Africa it concerns Black and Coloured Africans, and in the Czech Republic the Roma ethnic minority group, the only ethnic group which is to a high extent excluded. In the history of these two countries we can find a similar historic aspect, both of them had experienced totalitarian regimes. Today, with the benefit of more twenty years, we can see the changes, which both these countries have undergone, and observe as well how these changes influenced the processes of inclusion and exclusion of the given social, racial and ethnic groups.
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Bakoš, Eduard, Jana Soukopová, and Jan Šelešovský. "The Historical Roots of Local Self-Government in Czech and Slovak Republics." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2015): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/13.1.1-19(2015).
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The paper deals with the historical development of local self-government in the context of the development of the public administration as a whole during the First Czechoslovak Republic. It presents historical roots of the public administration in the former imperial Austria-Hungary, which was different from other European countries with its complex bureaucratic structures. Certain elements of the complex political and administrative developments during the early 20th century can be seen even one hundred years later. It is becoming apparent that history repeats itself in a number of issues and that it is unforgivable not to learn lessons both from the mistakes and the successful solutions of the past.
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Lanceva, A. M. "Exhibition Сzech and Кoman King Wenceslas IV: «Beautiful Style» of Gothic Art. On the 600th Anniversary of the Death of the Czech King." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2020-1-13-186-193.
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The article is devoted to the historical and cultural aspects of the development of Czech art in the late Middle Ages on the example of an exhibition held from August 16 to November 3 at Prague Castle, which was dedicated to the 600th anniversary of the death of the Czech and Roman King Wenceslas IV. The author of the article considers the significance of the Czech culture and sacred art in the context of the political and historical specifics of the development of medieval Bohemia and the features of the reign of Vaclav IV, who wasthe son of the Holy Roman Emperor and the Czech King Charles IV . Wenceslas IV is a complex and controversial figure in Czech history, who stood at the «crossroads» of epochs and cultures, around him various disputes persist in historiography up to our time. This article provides an overview of the nature of the sacred artifacts of culture and art presented at the exhibition «Czech and Roman King Wenceslas IV: «beautiful style» of Gothic art», as well as the characteristics of the artistic style , defined in terms of historical and cultural, internal and external political development of the Czech Republic, crosscultural dialogue of the Czech Republic with European countries on the background of the emerging religious controversy in the country. The work takes into account the features of the Late Gothic style in the Central Europe. On the example of the remarkable works of painting, sculpture, fragments of architectural monuments, decorative and applied art and manuscripts, first of all the monumental Wenceslas Bible, many of which were brought to Prague from various European Galleries and Castles of Poland, Germany, France, New York, as well as from private collections, can demonstrate the rise of Czech culture and art in the late XIV-early XV centuries, which was presented the process of cultural accumulation of the European style of the late Gothic, received Czech national artificial identity.
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Prokop, Viktor, Michaela Kotkova Striteska, and Jan Stejskal. "Fostering Czech firms? innovation performance through efficient cooperation." Oeconomia Copernicana 12, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 671–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2021.022.
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Research background: The business climate development and the stage of innovation systems? transformation are very similar in many Central and Eastern European countries, making it necessary to study these specific economies. These economies are at a different level of transformation, and their governments are trying to support the development of a knowledge-based economy, the creation of innovation systems, and collaboration among different types of entities. These governments need feedback in the form of research into the impacts of public funding on innovation activities through the influence of basic research and cooperation-based resources in individual countries.
Purpose of the article: This paper focuses on the examination of (i) the influence of national and European subsidies on innovation performance in manufacturing firms in the Czech Republic and (ii) impacts of knowledge- and cooperation-based resources on innovation activities in Czech manufacturing.
Methods: The latest available data from the Community Innovation Survey was used for analyses realized by different regression models. The proposed research models were gradually created to verify the influence of pro-innovation factors (expenditures on in-house and external R&D and on the acquisition of external tangible and intangible sources, cooperation with different partners and innovation) and public (national and/or European) funding of firms? innovation performance within the Czech manufacturing industry.
Findings and value added: The results have showed that there is a need to focus on direct and indirect effects of selected innovation determinants; we have also identified the crucial role of cooperation (specifically with government, public, or private research institutes) as a mediating variable within innovation processes. The results have also evidenced that public funding affects the efficiency of knowledge- and cooperation-based resources and amplifies the impact on firms? innovation performance differently. Whereas subsidies from national budgets do not significantly influence the innovation performance of Czech manufacturing firms, European subsidies, on the other hand, significantly increase firms? innovation performance. A long-term contribution of this paper is the significant completion of the theory of policy implications that may be applicable in a broad international context beyond the borders of the Czech Republic. This study significantly contributes to the ongoing discussion about (i) the significance of public financial subsidies from both national and European funds and (ii) the effects of cooperation and R&D on firms? innovation performance within ?catching-up? in Central and Eastern Europe.
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Kyzlinková, Renata, and Anna Šťastná. "Fatherhood in a Changing Society: Shifts in Male Fertility Patterns." Sociological Research Online 23, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 328–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780418754565.
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The fertility pattern in the Czech Republic, as in other central and eastern European countries, has undergone dynamic transformation over the last quarter of a century. This study aims to contribute to the debate on the influence of structural and situational variables on fertility in low-fertility countries and extends the debate by introducing the viewpoint of male reproduction. The aim is to identify the factors influencing the transition to fatherhood among Czech men and to discuss intergenerational changes in reproductive patterns. The data employed are taken from the Czech Generations and Gender Survey (2008). The transition to first child was analysed using the event history modelling method. The results revealed that the transition to fatherhood is positively influenced by co-residence partnerships (especially marriage), by having completed a tertiary-level education and by living independently. Conversely, the likelihood is significantly reduced by student status, the absence of a relationship, and having a considerably older partner. Employing the cohort approach, it was determined that the factors which influence male transition to first birth change over time. The clear linear impact of education on the transition to fatherhood apparent with respect to older cohorts no longer applies. Moreover, the influence of the family of origin, which made up a significant factor with respect to older cohorts, has all but disappeared in the youngest cohorts. Only marriage retains its dominant role with concern to predicting the transition to fatherhood across all cohorts.
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Horváthová, Zuzana, Josef Abrhám, and Iva Chvátalová. "Development of Social Security in the Czech Republic in the Context of Current International Treaties." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 1, no. 3 (December 30, 2015): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v1i3.p135-141.
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The aim of the paper is to evaluate the state-of-play of social security with a focus on pension insurance in the Czech Republic and this due to the potential use of international agreements with individual countries of the European region. The contracts are divided in terms of whether the state is a part of the European Union, or remains outside that integration. The use of international agreements in the field of social security currently appears to be important for a number of reasons such as tourism, openness of the labour market, economic dependence on international trade and various kinds of migration. The issue is covered by interdisciplinary studies, where the knowledge of the humanities and economic fields mingles. Overall, the work provides a comprehensive overview of international agreements in the territory of the Czech Republic, not only in the period of the capitalism, but also captures the recent history, the period from the 1960s up to now, when the Czech Republic used to be a part of the socialist bloc, At that time most important become agreements and contracts with the former USSR.
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Horváthová, Zuzana, Josef Abrhám, and Iva Chvátalová. "Development of Social Security in the Czech Republic in the Context of Current International Treaties." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, no. 1 (December 30, 2015): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v3i1.p135-141.
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The aim of the paper is to evaluate the state-of-play of social security with a focus on pension insurance in the Czech Republic and this due to the potential use of international agreements with individual countries of the European region. The contracts are divided in terms of whether the state is a part of the European Union, or remains outside that integration. The use of international agreements in the field of social security currently appears to be important for a number of reasons such as tourism, openness of the labour market, economic dependence on international trade and various kinds of migration. The issue is covered by interdisciplinary studies, where the knowledge of the humanities and economic fields mingles. Overall, the work provides a comprehensive overview of international agreements in the territory of the Czech Republic, not only in the period of the capitalism, but also captures the recent history, the period from the 1960s up to now, when the Czech Republic used to be a part of the socialist bloc, At that time most important become agreements and contracts with the former USSR.
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Vonka, Martin, and Robert Kořínek. "CHIMNEY RESERVOIRS: UNIQUE TECHNICAL STRUCTURES FROM THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC." Acta Polytechnica 58, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2018.58.0155.
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In the past, various methods and technological systems were used to supply water on industrial and other sites. In the early 19th century, Professor Otto Intze invented a new form of water reservoir that could be installed in a tower tank or even on the body of a chimney. This gave rise to a structure that had never been seen before – a chimney reservoir. The advantages of this structure resulted in it quickly becoming very popular, especially in the country in which it originated, Germany. The structure spread from the German Empire into other countries, including Austria-Hungary. The first chimney reservoir on the Czech territory originated in the late 19th century, the last structure of this type was built in 1962. Although their history was short, more than sixty distinctive structures of this kind were built in the Czech lands, the twenty-one of which that have survived to the present day can be described as a unique industrial heritage. This article outlines the origin and evolution of different types of chimney reservoirs and describes the structural and technological designs used for such structures on the territory of what is now known as the Czech Republic.
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Mohr, Barbara. "A Truly European Forest: A Historic Lower Silesian Palaeobotanical Collection (Late Cretaceous) at the Museum of Natural History (Berlin)." Earth Sciences History 28, no. 2 (November 5, 2009): 276–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.28.2.3n50n2xt0u152u57.
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A historical collection of late Cretaceous plant fossils from Lower Silesia, comprising about 520 specimens, now located at the Museum of Natural History, Berlin, and formerly in possession of the Prussian Geological Survey, has recently been traced back to its origins. Today this collection can be used as a nucleus to develop future scientific research projects. Due to the historical background of the specimens and the scattered locations of additional material from various geologic sites, such projects may have to be realised as a cooperative effort between scientists from several institutions of the Central European countries that were historically involved, namely the Czech Republic, Germany, and Poland.
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Di Gregorio, Angela. "Constitutional Courts and the Rule of Law in the New EU Member States." Review of Central and East European Law 44, no. 2 (June 11, 2019): 202–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-04402004.
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This paper analyses the use of the rule-of-law principle in the jurisprudence of the constitutional courts of the new Member States of the European Union. The purpose is to discover whether past or recent decisions could clarify the use of the principle in these countries. An example is the legalistic concept of the rule of law as expressed by the Hungarian and Polish constitutional courts in examining the constitutionality of lustration laws. On the other hand, some constitutional courts (such as the Czech one) have used a wider and more sophisticated application of the rule of law. Considering the severe rule-of-law crisis which has been taking place in Hungary and Poland in recent years, this recognition is particularly important in order to avoid cumulative judgments that could devalue the former communist countries in general, trivializing the harsh path of democratic conditionality with its strengths and weaknesses.
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Kašťáková, Elena, and Anabela Luptáková. "Development and Intensity of Mutual Trade between the Visegrad Group and the Russian Federation." Studia Commercialia Bratislavensia 13, no. 46 (December 1, 2020): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stcb-2020-0014.
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Abstract Russian's position in the foreign trade relations of the Visegrad Group countries has a long history. Russian Federation is an important trading partner for them, especially in the import of energy raw materials. Poland is the most active trading partner for the Russian Federation within the Visegrad Group. In 2018, the three most exported items of the Visegrad Group to the Russian Federation were machinery and nuclear reactors, cars, and electrical machinery. Mineral fuels accounted for 85 % of the Visegrad Group imports from the Russian Federation. The trade intensity between the Visegrad Group countries and the Russian Federation in 2014 - 2018 was higher than one, except for the Czech Republic. That indicates that the Russian Federation has exported relatively more goods to Slovakia, Poland and Hungary than to the rest of the world.
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Kordalska, Aleksandra, and Mag Olczyk. "New patterns in the position of CEE countries in global value chains: functional specialisation approach." Oeconomia Copernicana 12, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2021.002.
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Research background: High servitisation of manufacturing makes it impossible to separate services from manufactured goods properly, which implies difficulties in the assessment of the position of the country on the smile curve, i.e. in the proper assignment of products or services to one of the industrial process steps: pre-production, pure fabrication or post-production services. Therefore, we propose to use the business functions of industries identified with the aid of labour market data rather than the industrial classification of products in order to create a more appropriate measure of the position of countries in GVCs.
Purpose of the article: We aim to identify and analyse the patterns of functional specialisation for eight Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) ? the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia ? both at the country and industry level. In addition, we analyse functional specialisation patterns for Germany, which serves as a reference country.
Methods: To assess functional specialisation patterns, we employ the methodology proposed by Timmer et al. (2019a). It allows us to obtain functional specialisation indices for four different business functions ? management, R&D, marketing, and fabrication. To compute them, we combine two sources of data ? domestic value added from decomposed sectoral input-output tables (the World Input Output Database) and the Occupations Database built up by Timmer et al. (2019a).
Findings & value added: Our research shows a very heterogeneous pattern in CEEC countries' position in GVCs by taking into account their functional specialisation at the countries and industries levels. Poland and Slovakia focus primarily on low value-added fabrication processes, the Baltic countries and Slovenia specialise in management services, Hungary and Latvia gain in marketing services, and the Czech Republic and Slovenia win in R&D activities. We indicate that some CEE countries (Poland, Slovakia) could be stuck in a functional trap, and our approach could be a valuable tool for assessing the process of coming out of it.
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Shishelina, Lyubov. "Behind the Curtains of the Czech-Russian Diplomatic Conflict." Köz-gazdaság 16, no. 3 (September 14, 2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/retp2021.03.05.
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As a result of the Czech-Russian political conflict that began on April 17-18, 2021, there appeared trends in the relations between Russia and Central European countries that are capable of rolling them back to the period of "velvet revolutions”. The conflict started with diplomatic withdrawals on the Czech side and then on the Russian, gradually had been enriched by the new and new accusations thus transforming it into a general political conflict, the unprecedented escalation of tension between Moscow and Central Europe since transformational revolutions here. At the same time, it revealed the intentions of the sides to seek recognition of their rightness at any cost. The history of this largest confrontation between Prague and Moscow since 19G8 is based on the unsettled nature of many issues of post-Soviet coexistence, such as the parity of diplomatic representation, as a result of which the Russian embassy in Prague turned into the second largest after London. In addition, there was a lack of political reform of in the Czech-Russian relations, taking into account the Czech Republic's membership in the new Euro-Atlantic structures against the background of clearly progressing economic cooperation. Meanwhile, as the author of the article states,the issues that have appeared on the surface of these relations require an immediate solution, which will be difficult – especially for Moscow in the light of the recently progressive confrontational nature of relations between Russia and both some individual states and Euro-Atlantic structures as a whole.
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Bahna, Miloslav. "Context Matters: Measuring Nationalism in the Countries of the Former Czechoslovakia." Nationalities Papers 47, no. 1 (January 2019): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2018.21.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper compares nationalism in the two ex-Czechoslovak countries—the Czech and Slovak republics. The aim is to analyze the measurement of nationalism in the 1995, 2003, and 2013 International Social Survey Program (ISSP) National Identity surveys. According to the nationalism measures from the ISSP survey – which are frequently used by authors analyzing nationalism—both countries experienced a significant rise in nationalism in the 1995 to 2013 period. Moreover, invariance testing of the nationalism latent variable confirms the possibility of comparing levels of nationalism between Czechia and Slovakia over time. However, the associations between nationalism, as measured in the study, and concepts related to nationalism—such as xenophobia, protectionism, or assertive foreign policy—suggest that what is measured as nationalism in 1995 is very different from what is measured in 2013. This is explained by a change of context which occurred in both countries between 1995 and 2013. While answering the same question had a strong nationalistic connotation in 1995, this was not the case in 2013. Based on our findings we advise against using the analyzed “nationalism” items as measurement of nationalism even beyond the two analyzed countries.
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Brailian, Nadiia. "«Ukrainsky Ingener» (Podiebrady, 1931—1932s): history of creation and functioning, content, authorship." Proceedings of Research and Scientific Institute for Periodicals, no. 9(27) (2019): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37222/2524-0331-2019-1.
Full textAbstract:
The article explores the history of the creation and functioning of the «Ukrainsky Inzhener» magazine. In November 1930, the Congress of Unions of Ukrainian Emigrant Engineers from Poland, France and the Czech Republic was held in Podiebrady (Czechoslovakia). The latter formed the Union of Organizations of Ukrainian Engineers for Emigration. One of the objectives of this Union was publishing a trade journal, the magazine «Ukrainsky Inzhener», which was issued as a semi-annual edition in 1931—1932s in Podiebrady. The content of the magazine has been analyzed. Its main part featured professional articles of the Ukrainian scholars, high school teachers, engineers (from Prague, Krakow, Warsaw, Podiebrady, Brussels, Kharbin). Those illuminated a broad range of various questions pertaining to metallurgy, agronomy, economics, geodesics, architecture, chemistry, biology and other fields of applied and theoretical science. An important place in the journal was given to the rubric «Bibliography». The latter presented reviews on new publications relating to professional interests of engineers, printed in Germany, Poland, USA, Czechoslovakia, France. Those reviews were lengthy, with meticulously refereed content of the analyzed edition. The permanent rubric «Khronika» of this journal covered activities of the organizations of the Ukrainian engineers in emigration and upon the Ukrainian ethnic terrains. Under the heading «Rynok pratsi» there were printed publications on the opportunities and conditions of employment of the Ukrainian engineers in different countries of the world: Argentine, Belgium, Bulgaria, Brasil, Manchuria, Poland, Romania,France. We have elucidated authorship of the magazine. The latter comprised such renowned Ukrainian scholars as Olgerd-Hippolyt Bochkovsky, Leonid Hrabyna, Solomon Goldelman, Borys Ivanytsky, Ivan Feschenko-Chopovsky, Volodymyr Cherediiv, Ivan Shovgeniv and others. In total, over 40 Ukrainian and two Czech scientists and engineers collaborated with the journal. A bibliography of scholarly papers published in the journal has been compiled (See Appendix).