To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: History of female mental illness.
Journal articles on the topic 'History of female mental illness'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'History of female mental illness.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
O'Connor, Art A. "Female Sex Offenders." British Journal of Psychiatry 150, no. 5 (May 1987): 615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.150.5.615.
Full textAbstract:
Information on 19 women convicted of indecency and 62 women convicted of other sex offences was examined. Those convicted of indecency offences often had poor social skills and had a high incidence of mental illness, mental handicap and alcoholism. Two were convicted of indecent exposure, a rare offence in women. In 39 (63%) of the sex offences with individual victims, the victims were children and in 9 cases the offender was the mother or step-mother. In 25 cases the women were convicted of aiding and abetting a male offender. Of those convicted of indecent assault on persons under 16 and of gross indecency with children, 48% had a previous history of psychiatric disorder.
2
Alahmed, Salman, Irfan Anjum, and Emad Masuadi. "Perceptions of mental illness etiology and treatment in Saudi Arabian healthcare students: A cross-sectional study." SAGE Open Medicine 6 (January 1, 2018): 205031211878809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312118788095.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: Cultural beliefs often affect people’s attitude toward mental illness and their help-seeking behavior. Belief in superstitious causes of mental illness can lead to seeking help from non-medical practitioners, which might hinder treatment. This study aimed to explore the perception of mental illness and help-seeking behavior among healthcare students. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out on a sample of 400 randomly selected undergraduate health professional students in Riyadh. Data collection involved two self-administered questionnaires: the causes and treatment routes for a female vignette with psychosis and the General Health Questionnaire-28. Results: The mean age of participants was 20.9 years, and 68.2% were male. Although participants reported a lack of personal history of mental illness (81.9%), female participants were more likely to disclose psychological distress as measured by General Health Questionnaire-28 (67.6%). Mental illness (47.2%) was chosen as the main reason for the problem depicted by the female vignette. General Health Questionnaire-28 scores for “caseness” did not affect perception about psychosis versus non-caseness. Factor analysis produced four dimensions for causes of psychosis: “social,” “psychobiological,” “superstitious,” and “socially undesirable”; and two treatment routes: “clinical” versus “social interventions.” Male participants leaned toward social factors for the cause of psychosis and were more likely to endorse social interventions for treatment. Conclusion: Healthcare students in Riyadh remained supportive of a biomedical approach toward the causation and treatment of mental illness. The use of religious practices as an adjunct was apparent. Students, especially females, were prone to experience more psychological distress.
3
Kelly, B. D. "Poverty, Crime and Mental Illness: Female Forensic Psychiatric Committal in Ireland, 1910-1948." Social History of Medicine 21, no. 2 (June 3, 2008): 311–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkn027.
Full text
4
Allred, Richard Cameron, Sara Stremlau, Richard Gerkin, Steven Erickson, and Jamie Pardini. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MENTAL HEALTH HISTORY AND SYMPTOMS, SEX, AND RECOVERY TIME IN A CONCUSSED PEDIATRIC POPULATION." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 4_suppl3 (April 1, 2020): 2325967120S0023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00233.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) are mental health screening instruments that assess symptoms of depression and anxiety. Studies of patients with concussion suggest that history of mental illness is associated with prolonged recovery; however, little research has examined the value of these tools in a concussed pediatric population (Iverson et al., 2017). Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the relation between anxiety and depression symptoms, mental illness history, sex, and time to recover in a concussed pediatric population. We hypothesized that mental health symptoms and history, and female sex would predict longer recoveries in the pediatric population. Methods: IRB-approved retrospective chart review was used for data collection. Demographics, self-reported mental health history, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 scores were acquired for 250 adolescents ages 12-18 (45.2% female) who presented to an outpatient concussion clinic for their initial visit. Days to recover was imputed for all patients who had been discharged by clinic physicians based on international return to play standards. Results: Mann-Whitney U tests were used for analysis of this nonnormally distributed data. Males were found to recover more quickly than females (female median = 15 days, IQR 7-27; male median = 12 days, IQR 6-23; p=.013). No significant differences were observed in days to clearance based on reported history of mental health disorder (p=.066). Individuals who scored above cutoff (see Kroenke et al., 2001; Spitzer et al., 2006) on the GAD-7 (below cutoff median = 12.00 days; above cutoff median = 21.00 days) and PHQ-9 (below cutoff median = 23.5 days; above cutoff median = 57.00 days) required longer recovery times (p <.001). Conclusion: We found longer recovery times in females versus males, and in those whose scores fell above cutoff for the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 at their initial clinic visit. Although a trend existed, there were no significant differences in recovery time for those who reported a mental health history compared to those who did not. Results suggest that the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 may be useful screening measures in a concussion clinic and may provide additional insight into potential recovery times for pediatric patients.
5
Thakur, Anita, Nidhi Chauhan, and Susanta Padhy. "School refusal, depression and suicidality in an adolescent girl- the interplay of stress and vulnerability: a case report." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 3580. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20193952.
Full textAbstract:
The stress vulnerability model emphasizes the interplay of genetic vulnerability, personal characteristics and psychosocial factors in the causation of mental illness. The index case highlights the genesis of psychiatric illness in an adolescent female with a family history of bipolar disorder and substance dependence leading to impaired family interaction and family dynamics. Individual psychotherapy, family therapy and pharmacological management proved beneficial in the index case.
6
Linehan, Sally A., Dearbhla M. Duffy, Helen O'Neill, Conor O'Neill, and Harry G. Kennedy. "Irish Travellers and forensic mental health." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 19, no. 3 (September 2002): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700007102.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractObjectives: To determine whether Irish Travellers are over-represented amongst transfers from prison to psychiatric hospital. If so, to determine whether this represents an excess over the proportion of Irish Travellers committed to prison.Method: Irish Travellers admitted to the National Forensic Psychiatry service were identified from a case register over three years 1997-1999. New prison committals were sampled and interviewed as part of the routine committal screening to identify ethnicity.Results: Irish Travellers accounted for 3.4% of forensic psychiatric admissions compared to 0.38% of the adult population. Travellers transferred from prison to psychiatric hospital had more learning disability and less severe mental illness than other groups, while black and other ethnic minorities had a higher proportion of severe mental illness. Travellers accounted for 6% (95% CI 3-11) of 154 male committals and 4% (95% CI 2-12) of 70 female committals. The estimated annualised prison committal rate was 2.8% (95% CI 2.4-3.3) of all adult male Travellers in Ireland and 1% for female Travellers (95% CI 0.8-1.3). Male Travellers had a relative risk of imprisonment compared to the settled community of 17.4 (95% CI 2.3-131.4), the relative risk for female Travellers was 12.9 (95% CI 1.7-96.7). Imprisoned Travellers had greater rates of drugs and alcohol problems than other prisoners (Relative risk 1.46, 95% C11.11-1.90).Conclusion: There is gross over-representation of Travellers in forensic psychiatric admissions. This reflects the excess of Travellers amongst prison committals.
7
Puri, B. K., R. Baxter, and C. C. Cordess. "Characteristics of Fire-Setters a Study and Proposed Multiaxial Psychiatric Classification." British Journal of Psychiatry 166, no. 3 (March 1995): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.166.3.393.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundThe study set out to review the relationship between mental disorder and fire-setting.MethodSociodemographic, psychiatric, and medical data were retrospectively obtained from case notes of a group of 36 fire-setters referred to the North West Thames Forensic Psychiatry Service over a four-year period.ResultsOf the sample, 28% were female and one-third had no mental illness; 28% had a previous medical history of possible relevance. Psychoactive substance abuse was common. There was a significant disturbance of interpersonal relationships. Eighty-five per cent lived alone, and 44% of the female fire-setters had a history of sexual abuse.ConclusionOn the basis of this study, a multiaxial classification system of fire-setting is proposed.
8
Park, Subin, Mina Jeon, Yeeun Lee, Young-Mi Ko, and Chul Eung Kim. "Influencing factors of attitudes toward seeking professional help for mental illness among Korean adults." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 64, no. 3 (March 8, 2018): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764018760952.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: Identifying predictors of psychological help-seeking attitudes is essential to improve access to needed mental health services. We investigated factors – particularly Big Five personality traits – that affect attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help for mental illness among Korean adults. Methods: A total of 654 participants aged 15–54 years were recruited through an online panel survey. Help-seeking attitudes for mental illness were measured by the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale (ATSPPH), and personality traits were measured by the Big Five Personality Inventory-10. Results: Multivariate analyses showed that female gender, history of psychiatric diagnosis, agreeableness and openness to experience were significantly associated with positive attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help for mental illness. Conclusions: These findings suggest that specific personality traits should be considered when developing strategies to promote positive attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help. Further research using a representative community sample is needed to generalize our findings.
9
Lubitz, Su Fen, Alex Flitter, E. Paul Wileyto, Douglas Ziedonis, Nathaniel Stevens, Frank Leone, David Mandell, John Kimberly, Rinad Beidas, and Robert A. Schnoll. "History and Correlates of Smoking Cessation Behaviors Among Smokers With Serious Mental Illness." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22, no. 9 (December 10, 2019): 1492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz229.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Introduction Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) smoke at rates two to three times greater than the general population but are less likely to receive treatment. Increasing our understanding of correlates of smoking cessation behaviors in this group can guide intervention development. Aims and Methods Baseline data from an ongoing trial involving smokers with SMI (N = 482) were used to describe smoking cessation behaviors (ie, quit attempts, quit motivation, and smoking cessation treatment) and correlates of these behaviors (ie, demographics, attitudinal and systems-related variables). Results Forty-three percent of the sample did not report making a quit attempt in the last year, but 44% reported making one to six quit attempts; 43% and 20%, respectively, reported wanting to quit within the next 6 months or the next 30 days. Sixty-one percent used a smoking cessation medication during their quit attempt, while 13% utilized counseling. More quit attempts were associated with lower nicotine dependence and carbon monoxide and greater beliefs about the harms of smoking. Greater quit motivation was associated with lower carbon monoxide, minority race, benefits of cessation counseling, and importance of counseling within the clinic. A greater likelihood of using smoking cessation medications was associated with being female, smoking more cigarettes, and receiving smoking cessation advice. A greater likelihood of using smoking cessation counseling was associated with being male, greater academic achievement, and receiving smoking cessation advice. Conclusions Many smokers with SMI are engaged in efforts to quit smoking. Measures of smoking cessation behavior are associated with tobacco use indicators, beliefs about smoking, race and gender, and receiving cessation advice. Implications Consideration of factors related to cessation behaviors among smokers with SMI continues to be warranted, due to their high smoking rates compared to the general population. Increasing our understanding of these predictive characteristics can help promote higher engagement in evidence-based smoking cessation treatments among this subpopulation.
10
Faruqui, R., A. Tajer, B. Moffat, S. Haider, K. Haider, and K. El-Kadi. "Psychosis in Patients with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI), Requiring Multidisciplinary Inpatient Rehabilitation." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70949-6.
Full textAbstract:
Background:Patients with ABI present with a relatively higher risk of developing psychotic illness. A co-morbid psychotic illness may pose multiple challenges in rehabilitation of these patients. The medical literature provides limited information on the nature, presentation, diagnosis, course, and prognosis of psychotic disorders after ABI.Methods:Clinically generated data was used to study the prevalence and nature of co-morbid psychotic illness and cause of ABI amongst inpatients requiring multidisciplinary neurobehavioral rehabilitation. The data were collected in an anonymized fashion and analyzed using SPSS version 16.Results:We examined data from 64 patients (51 Male, 13 Female). The age range was 21-61 years (Mean 39, S.D. 10.6). 40% patients had a history of mental illness or self harm prior to ABI. 16% had sustained their ABI as a result of suicide attempts. 12% had history of schizophrenia or bipolar mood disorder prior to ABI.A third (33%) had a Post-ABI diagnosis of a psychotic illness. The most common diagnosis was organic psychosis (21%) followed by schizophrenia (9%) and bipolar mood disorder (3%). The factors that influenced diagnostic differentiation in organic or non-organic psychotic illness included consideration of past psychiatric history, family history, psychopathology, and course of the disorder. The overall patient group showed a significant difference in post admission and latest HONOS-Secure (P< 0.01) and HONOS ABI (P< 0.01) ratings, showing improvement in outcomes during rehabilitation programme. This difference persisted when sub-groups of psychotic and non-psychotic patients were analysed separately.
11
Shors, Tracey J. "A trip down memory lane about sex differences in the brain." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1688 (February 19, 2016): 20150124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0124.
Full textAbstract:
Scientific studies funded by the United States government must now include both males and females as experimental subjects. This is a welcomed change for those of us who have been reporting on sex differences for decades. That said, there are some issues to consider; I focus on one in this review: females used in animal models of mental illness and health are almost always virgins and yet most adult females around the world, irrespective of species, are not virgins. I am not advocating that all scientists include non-virgin females in laboratory studies, but rather to consider the dynamic nature of the female brain when drawing conclusions through discovery. Stressful life experiences, including those related to sexual aggression and trauma, can have a lasting impact on processes of learning related to mental health and plasticity in the female brain. Her response to stress can change rather dramatically as she emerges from puberty to become pregnant and produce offspring, as she must learn to care for those offspring. The inclusion of females in scientific research has been a long time coming but it comes with a history. Going forward, we should take advantage of that history to generate hypotheses that are both reasonable and meaningful.
12
Elzakkers, Isis F. F. M., Unna N. Danner, Hans W. Hoek, and Annemarie A. van Elburg. "Mental capacity to consent to treatment in anorexia nervosa: explorative study." BJPsych Open 2, no. 2 (March 2016): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.002485.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundMental capacity to consent to treatment in anorexia nervosa is a neglected area in clinical decision-making.AimsTo examine clinical and neuropsychological parameters associated with diminished mental capacity in anorexia nervosa.MethodAn explorative study was conducted in 70 adult female patients with severe anorexia nervosa. Mental capacity to consent to treatment was assessed by experienced psychiatrists. Further measurements included the MacCAT-T (to assess mental capacity status), a range of clinical measures (body mass index (BMI) and comorbidity) and neuropsychological tests assessing decision-making, central coherence and set-shifting capacity.ResultsDiminished mental capacity occurs in a third of patients with severe anorexia nervosa and is associated with a low BMI, less appreciation of illness and treatment, previous treatment for anorexia nervosa, low social functioning and poor set shifting.ConclusionsAssessment of diminished mental capacity in anorexia nervosa requires careful evaluation of not only BMI, but also the degree of appreciation of illness and treatment, history and the tendency to have a rigid thinking style.
13
Škrabić, Veselin, Željka Vlastelica, and Zoran Vučinović. "Pseudocyesis as a cause of abdomen enlargement in a female adolescent." Open Medicine 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2011): 720–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-011-0086-1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPseudocyesis is a rare condition in the pediatric population characterized by all signs and symptoms of pregnancy except the existence of a fetus [1]. In some patients it is associated with organic etiology, in others with mental disorders, also occurs in those without disorders in their medical history. Pseudocyesis occurs in both sexes, but more frequently in women. An effective treatment is a combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy with antidepressants and antipsychotics [2]. We present a 15,9-year old girl with pseudocyesis as a cause of abdomen enlargement, who comes from an ordinary family with a negative history of psychiatric illness. The organic etiology of her condition was excluded, and therefore she was treated with antidepressants which contributed to the resolution of her case.
14
Scott, Jan, W. A. Barker, and D. Eccleston. "The Newcastle Chronic Depression Study." British Journal of Psychiatry 152, no. 1 (January 1988): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.152.1.28.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic depression is defined as “symptomatic non-recovery for a period of 2 or more years”. Chronic primary major depressives (n = 24) were compared retrospectively with a control group of primary major depressives (n = 20) who had recovered from their illness episode within 2 years. The former had a significantly higher familial loading for affective disorder and showed an increased incidence of independent undesirable life events during the 6 months prior to and 2 years after the onset of their illness. Female chronic depressives also had a significantly greater number of previous illness episodes and a more frequent history of thyroid dysfunction. Personality as measured on the EPQ, psychiatric problems arising as secondary complications of the depressive illness, and developmental object loss did not differentiate chronic from non-chronic depressives.
15
Tang, Fang, Lars Mehlum, Ingrid S. Mehlum, and Ping Qin. "Physical illness leading to absence from work and the risk of subsequent suicide: a national register-based study." European Journal of Public Health 29, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 1073–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz101.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Studies have shown that people with physical illness are at increased risk of suicide, but knowledge on the association between absence from work due to specific physical health problems and suicide risk is limited. This study aimed to examine the relationship between suicide risk and physical illness requiring leave from work across a range of specific physical diagnoses, and to study the interactions of mental illness and socioeconomic factors on this relationship. Methods Using a nested case-control design, 9313 suicide cases and 169 235 matched controls were retrieved and interlinked from Norwegian national registries. Data on sick leave and related physical illness were derived from claims for sickness benefit and analyzed using conditional logistic regression. Results For males, the risk of suicide increased progressively with the number of previous physical illness-related absences and the duration of recent physical illness-related absences. Absences related to digestive, musculoskeletal and neurological disorders as well as cancer and accidents/injuries were associated with a significantly increased risk of suicide. In contrast, females with a history of physical illness-related absence and a diagnosis of most organ or system specific illnesses were at a relatively reduced risk of suicide. In both genders, the suicide risk associated with physical illness resulting in absence from work differentiated significantly by history of sickness absence due to mental illness, and by education and income levels. Conclusions The risk of suicide associated with physical illness requiring leave from work varied significantly by gender and by education and income status.
16
Shrestha, Sandhya. "Internalized Stigma, Coping and Social Support with Mental Illness in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 17, no. 01 (April 28, 2019): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v17i01.2011.
Full textAbstract:
Background: There are an increasing number of studies on the subjective experience of stigma amongst mentally ill persons but still few coming from Asian countries, and very few from Nepal. The objective of this study was to look into the experience of internalized stigma in mentally ill persons in Pokhara, Nepal and to compare this with similar studies using ISMI fromother socio-cultural contexts.Methods: A total of 136 patients with mentally ill people attending OPD of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Nepal responded to the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale. This is a 29-item self-report questionnaire with good psychometric properties.Results: Among the participant, majority 69.1% were 18-39 years age and majority 60.3% were female. Half of the participant 51.5% experienced high level of internalized Stigma. Regarding coping strategies, 86% of the participant response they does not avoid telling the health care professionals that they had a history of mental illness, Most 87.5% response they does not avoid going out with friends after receiving psychiatric treatment. Most 83.1% response they attempt to correct their friends if they hold negative views on people with mental illness. Most 65.44% were having High Social Support with Mental illness.Conclusions: Study findings show half of the participants (51.5%) experienced high level of stigma and more than half of the participant (65.44%) were having high social support with mental illness.Keywords: Coping; internalized stigma; mental illness; social support.
17
Thapa, D. K., N. Lamichhane, and S. Subedi. "Traditional faith healers as referral sources: A hospital-based descriptive study." Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v7i2.24614.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Mental illnesses are commonly linked with a higher disability and burden of disease than many physical illnesses. But despite that fact, it is a general observation that a majority of patients with mental disorder never seek professional help. To elaborate further, the widely prevalent magico-religious beliefs associated with mental illness and lower literacy, poses significant social obstacles in seeking appropriate health care for psychiatric patients. In general, mental illness is seen as related to life stresses, social or family conflicts and evil spirits and the concept of biological causes of mental illness is rare even among the educated. The idea that illness and death are due to malevolent spirits is common notion that is shared practically by all level of society from the so-called primitive to modern industrialized societies, thus indicating the strong influences of cultural background. When there is a magico- religious concepts of disease causation, there is tendency to consult indigenous healers. Therefore, the patients with mental illness often either visit or are taken to faith healers by their relatives. The objective of the study was to determine the various psychiatric cases that were referred by the traditional faith healers to the authors.
Material and Method: This is a cross- sectional, hospital- based descriptive study, conducted at the Psychiatric outpatient department of Pokhara Om Hospital, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal for the period of one year, from June 2016 to May 2017. The total of 35 cases, referred by the traditional faith healers was included in the study. Subjects of any age, any gender, any literacy level, any caste, from any locality and religious background were included in the study after their consent. Subjects who refused to consent were not included in the study. The psychiatric diagnosis was based on the complete history and examination and ICD- 10 DRC criteria.
Results: Though the sample size is small, it is interesting to note that patients with various kinds of mental disorders were referred by traditional faith healers. There were patients suffering from neurotic disorders, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, seizure, substance use disorder, intellectual disability etc seeking the treatment from traditional faith healers. Among the cases referred, predominantly were female and neurotic cases. Most patients were educated.
Conclusion: The study shows that patients with various mental disorders visit traditional faith healer. This area surely requires further in-depth look as traditional faith healers can be an important source of referral of psychiatric patients.
18
Grabowski, John, and Vikram K. Yeragani. "Porphyria and Psychosis: A Case Report*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 5 (June 1987): 393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378703200514.
Full textAbstract:
This article reports the case of a 41 year old female with a history of acute intermittent porphyria who presented with exacerbation of a chronic psychotic illness. Though the evaluative studies for an acute porphyric episode were negative, psychological testing was consistent with an organic patchy cognitive decline. This finding is discussed in relation to the reported assymetric neuropathic lesions reported in porphyria.
19
Özdin, Selçuk, and Şükriye Bayrak Özdin. "Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 66, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 504–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927051.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is having negative effects on societies’ mental health. Both the pandemic and the measures taken to combat it can affect individuals’ mental health. Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of depression, anxiety and health anxiety in Turkish society during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to examine the factors affecting these. Method: The study was performed using an online questionnaire. Participants were asked to complete a sociodemographic data form, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI). The effects on depression, anxiety and health anxiety levels of factors such as age, sex, marital status, living with an individual aged above 60, the presence of a new Coronavirus+ patient among friends or relatives, previous and current psychiatric illness and presence of accompanying chronic disease were then investigated. Results: In terms of HADS cut-off points, 23.6% ( n = 81) of the population scored above the depression cut-off point, and 45.1% ( n = 155) scored above the cut-off point for anxiety. In regression analysis, female gender, living in urban areas and previous psychiatric illness history were found as risk factors for anxiety; living in urban areas was found as risk factor for depression; and female gender, accompanying chronic disease and previous psychiatric history were found as risk factors for health anxiety. Conclusion: The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that the groups most psychologically affected by the COVID-19 pandemic are women, individuals with previous psychiatric illness, individuals living in urban areas and those with an accompanying chronic disease. Priority might therefore be attached to these in future psychiatric planning.
20
Sukarni, Sukarni, and Siti Nurjanah. "Experience of sexual harassment in patients with mental disorders." Proceedings Series on Health & Medical Sciences 1 (December 10, 2020): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pshms.v1i.55.
Full textAbstract:
Sexual harassment is a form of an unpleasant experience making a person uncomfortable. It has physical or psychological impacts. 163-403-2-ED. The research aimed to find out the experience of sexual harassment that causes behavioral changes in patients with mental illness in Banyumas Regional Hospital.This was quantitative descriptive research. There were 32 people taken as the research sample using purposive sampling technique. The data resulted in the distribution of each variable in percentage, classified in the Slovin formula. A questionnaire from the Sexual Harassment Inventory (SHI) was also employed. The average age of the patients who had experienced sexual harassment was 31.53 years, and it happenned when they were 19.56 years. Most of them were male (68.8%), had primary school education (40.6%), and were already employed (53, 1%). The sexual harassment was in the form of verbal and non-verbal abuse (59.4%). It mostly occurred 1-2x (40.6%) in patients with a history of mental care 1-3x (40.6%). The perpetrators were mostly female (59.4%) and non-family members (87.5%). Most of the patients experienced severe sexual harassment (84.4%), causing annoyance (46.9%).In conclusion sexual harassment can be a factor in mental illness.
21
Musharrafi, S., W. Al-Ruzaiqi, and S. Al-Adawi. "Mental health stigma among Oman Medical Speciality Board (OMSB) residents." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.675.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundArab/Islamic culture such as those in Oman has been prescribed to be part of “collective culture” where family is central to one's identity. It is not clear how mental illness is perceived among young doctors in Oman in the light of modernization and acculturation.AimsExplore the socio-cultural teaching impact on attitudes towards mental health problems among Omani physicians.MethodThe consenting residents were asked to fill self-reported questionnaire Attitudes towards Mental Health Problems (ATMHP). It measure: external shame (beliefs that others will look down on themselves self if one have mental health problems); internal shame (related to negative self-evaluations); and reflected shame (believing that one can bring shame to their family/community). Socio-demographic information was also sought, including age, gender and previous contact with a person with mental illness.ResultsOne hundred and seventy residents filled the questionnaire. The response rate was > 80%. The majority were female. It showed elevated scores in indices of external shame and reflected shame. However, having a history of mental distress or having contact with a person with mental illness have moderate indices external shame and reflected shame.ConclusionThis study suggests that medical education has little eroded societal teaching among physicians under training in Oman. Thus, their attitude toward mental disorder appears to be expressed in term of external shame and reflected shame, which, in turn, encapsulate cultural patterning of shame and the centrality of family identity in Oman. Such socio-cultural teaching could lay groundwork for further research to mitigate mental illness in Oman.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
22
Parisi, Lucia, Teresa Di Filippo, and Michele Roccella. "The quality of life in girls with Rett syndrome." Mental Illness 8, no. 1 (May 18, 2016): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi.2016.6302.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, quality of life is receiving an increasing attention in all scientific areas. Rett syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurological development, affecting mainly females. The congenital disease affects the central nervous system, and is one of the most common causes of severe intellectual disability. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of RTT on the quality of life of people who are affected. Both parents of 18 subjects, all female, diagnosed with RTT, took part in the research. Quality of life was assessed using the Italian version of the Impact of Childhood Illness Scale. This scale consists of 30 questions that investigate the effect of illness on children, parents and families. For each question, the parent was asked to rate two variables: frequency and importance. Another questionnaire was administered to obtain medical history, diagnostic and therapeutic data of the persons with RTT. Our data show that RTT has a considerable impact on both the child's development and the entire family. Parents' answers demonstrated that their child's illness had consequences for the child and how the family coped with it. For this reason, attention should be directed at psychological and social aspects, as well as attitudes, manners, reactions and effects such disturbances can have on the entire family.
23
Campos Mangas, M. C., and M. A. Ruiz Feliu. "Judicialized treatment in severe mental disorder." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72473-7.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionInvoluntary outpatient treatment (IOT) is a form of involuntary treatment applied in the community, which seeks to ensure adherence to treatment in patients suffering from severe mental illness, unaware of disease and in which abandonment of treatment poses a high risk of relapse, with the development of disruptive and violent behavior, and repeated hospitalizations (usually involuntary) and frequent emergencies.In 1997 was the first time was implemented in the province of Guipúzcoa, Spain.ObjectivesPerform an analysis of IOT in two mental health centers of San Sebastian.MethodsRetrospective descriptive study. The sample comprised all patients who are on involuntary outpatient treatment in two mental health centers in San Sebastian, from 2009 until June 2010.The collection of information is conducted through a review of the patient’s medical history, analyzing the following demographic and clinical data: age, sex, psychiatric diagnosis, evolution of the disease, number of hospital admissions and care in emergenciesResultsA sample population of 42 patients. 58% are male and 42% female. The average patient age is 48 years. The youngest person is 18 years and 81 years older.The years of evolution of the illness range from 2 to 25 years, with an average of 12 years. The average hospital admissions per patient is 4.For diagnosis, schizophrenia is the most common mental disorder. In second place: delusional disorder, bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder.ConclusionsIOT is most often applied to people with schizophrenia which have severe relapses with violent behavior or noncompliance.
24
Agyapong, V., M. Juhás, A. Ritchie, O. Ogunsina, L. Ambrosano, and S. Corbett. "Childhood Sexual Abuse Among New Psychiatric Outpatients in a City in Northern Alberta-prevalence Rate and Demographic/Clinical Predictors." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1913.
Full textAbstract:
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a major global health problem with serious adverse effects at later ages. Our paper examines the prevalence rates and the demographic and clinical predictors of CSA among adult psychiatric outpatients. A data assessment tool was used to compile information on the demographic and clinical characteristics of all new patients assessed in four psychiatric outpatient clinics between 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2015. The 12-month prevalence rate for CSA among new psychiatric outpatients in Fort McMurray was 20.7% (10.7% for males and 26.9% in females). With an odds ratio for sex of 3.30 (CI = 2.06–5.29), female patients are about three times more likely to report a history of CSA compared to male patients when controlling for other factors. Similarly patients with at most high school education (OR = 1.8, CI = 1.145–2.871) and those with previous contact with psychiatric services (OR = 1.7, CI = 1.124–2.616) were about two times more likely to report a history of CSA compared to the patients with college/university education or those with no previous contact with psychiatric services respectively. Similarly, patients with histories of substance abuse (OR = 1.5, CI = 1.179–2.642) and patients with family histories of mental illness (OR = 1.8, CI = 1.032–2.308) had higher likelihoods of reporting histories of CSA compared to patients without histories of substance abuse or family histories of mental illness respectively. Our findings suggest that victims of CSA are an at-risk population in need of ongoing mental health and educational support.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
25
Ali, Muhamad. "Cultural construction of illness, festival and music in Southeast Asia." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 40, no. 2 (April 29, 2009): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463409000198.
Full textAbstract:
Southeast Asia remains a rich region for students and scholars interested in understanding the place of culture within a variety of human activities. Three recent studies under review, Acts of integration, Bridges to the ancestors and Listening to an earlier Java, particularly demonstrate the ways in which culture plays a pertinent role in the health, performance and music of contemporary Southeast Asians. Although Acts of integration focuses on mental images, Bridges to the ancestors on a festival, and Listening to an earlier Java on musical sound, the studies shared the recognition of the interplay between two opposite yet interactive forces: sacred and secular; inner and outer; order and chaos; male and female. They argue that mental normality, aesthetics and music represent, shape and are shaped by culture characterised by such dichotomous categories. Amidst other studies which try to deconstruct culture as more fluid and hybrid, however, these works serve as a reminder of the place of culture as an underlying persistent force in shaping the views and lives of many Southeast Asian peoples.
26
Kendler, Kenneth S. "Is seeking treatment for depression predicted by a history of depression in relatives? Implications for family studies of affective disorder." Psychological Medicine 25, no. 4 (July 1995): 807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700035054.
Full textAbstract:
SYNOPSISMost family studies of psychiatric illness ascertain probands through treatment facilities. If psychiatric illness in relatives influences the probability of treatment seeking, then the risk of illness in the relatives of treated probands will not be representative of the risk of illness in all probands. We have investigated this question in a population-based sample of female twins with lifetime history of DSM-III-R defined major depression (MD) (N = 753), 36% of whom reported seeking professional help for their depression. Logistic and Cox regression methods were used. Treatment seeking for MD was significantly associated with age, education, comorbidity with anxiety disorders, degree of impairment and number of symptoms. Controlling for these predictors, treatment seeking was significantly predicted by the presence of one or more relatives with a lifetime diagnosis of MD (OR = 1·62). The probability of treatment seeking for MD in the proband was significantly increased if the affected relative: (i) had an onset of their MD prior that of the proband and; (ii) themselves sought treatment for their depression. Seeking treatment in this epidemiological sample of depressed women was associated with a 32% increase in risk of MD in relatives. Selecting probands for family studies from treated populations may select for families with an increased rate of illness. For MD, this artefact can explain only a modest proportion of the familial aggregation observed in prior family studies that utilized treated probands.
27
Hakansson, A., L. Bradvik, F. Schlyter, and M. Berglund. "Factors Associated with the History of Attempted Suicide." Crisis 31, no. 1 (January 2010): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000008.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The present study examines a population of criminal justice clients for suspected substance-related problems. Aims: It aims to identify variables associated with a history of suicide attempt (SA). Method: 6,836 clients were interviewed with the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Attempters were compared to nonattempters regarding substance use, medical/psychiatric status, family history, and social relationships in a stepwise forward logistic regression. Results: Attempters (21%) were more likely to report binge drinking, intake of illicit drugs, injection of drugs, physical and mental illness, problematic family history, and history of being abused. After logistic regression, SA was independently associated with older age, female gender, binge drinking, delirium tremens, injection, overdose, medical problems, psychiatric symptoms, family history of alcohol or psychiatric problems, and sexual, physical, and emotional abuse. The psychiatric and family/social domains (including being abused) most strongly separated attempters from nonattempters. Conclusions: Family background factors, psychiatric symptoms, severity of substance use, and sexual, physical, and emotional abuse appear to be factors associated with SA among criminal justice clients.
28
Rhodes, Steven D., Alicia M. Teagarden, Brian Graner, Riad Lutfi, and Chandy C. John. "Brain Death Secondary to Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Encephalitis." Case Reports in Critical Care 2020 (May 4, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5329420.
Full textAbstract:
A two-year-old female presented with acutely altered mental status following eight days of fever and rash. She had been camping at an Indiana campground 11 days prior to the onset of illness and was evaluated twice for her fever and rash prior to admission. Laboratory evaluation on admission revealed thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, and elevated transaminases. The patient developed diffuse cerebral edema, and despite intensive care, the edema led to brain death from Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). We present this case to highlight the importance of considering RMSF and other tick-borne illnesses in a child with prolonged fever and rash in a nonendemic area and also the difficulty of diagnosis in early stages of disease. A detailed travel history, evaluation of key laboratory findings (white blood count, platelet count, and transaminases), and close follow-up if rash and fevers persist may help to improve detection of RMSF. If a tick-borne illness such as RMSF is suspected, empiric doxycycline therapy should be started immediately, as lab confirmation may take several days and mortality increases greatly after five days of symptoms.
29
Khadka, S., P. M. Singh, M. Khadka, K. Chakrabarti, S. Pandit, G. Dhonju, and S. C. Gautam. "A Case Report On Fluoro-Quinolones (Ofloxacin) Induced Psychosis At Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital." Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v8i2.28029.
Full textAbstract:
Psychosis is a mental disorder in which the thoughts, affective response, ability to recognise reality and ability to communicate and relate to others are significantly impaired to interfere grossly with the capacity to deal with the reality. Psychosis can also occur as a side effect of some type of drugs and may be misdiagnosed as psychiatric illness. We report a rare case of 30 years old female admitted to Nepal Medical College with hallucinations and delusions following ofloxacin use, by extensive / detailed history taking.
30
El Missiry, Ahmed, Marwa Abd El Meguid, Ahmed Abourayah, Marwa El Missiry, Mohamed Hossam, Hussien Elkholy, and Afaf H. Khalil. "Rates and profile of victimization in a sample of Egyptian patients with major mental illness." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 65, no. 3 (March 8, 2019): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764019831315.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Patients with major mental illness have an increased risk of victimization. Nevertheless, this topic was not thoroughly studied in Egyptian patients with major mental illness. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to investigate the rates of victimization and understand its profile, psycho-demographic and clinical correlates among a sample of Egyptian patients with major mental illness. Participants and Methods: A total of 300 patients (100 patients with schizophrenia, 100 with bipolar and 100 with major depression) were recruited from the inpatient wards and outpatient clinics at Ain Shams University. They were subjected to a demographic questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and a Victimization Questionnaire (VQ). Results: In our study population, 130 (43.3%) of patients were victimized, of them 52 (40%) were diagnosed with major depressive disorder, 48 (36.9%) with bipolar disorder and 30 (23.1%) with schizophrenia. Victimization was more in female, married, unemployed individuals and those living in rural areas. Patients exposed to domestic violence or abuse during childhood had higher rates of victimization. All victimized patients were subjected to emotional victimization, 64.6% were physically victimized and 53.8% were subjected to miscellaneous types of victimization. Patients were victimized mainly by acquaintance followed by family members. The majority of patients did not report their victimization and considered it as a personal issue or not important enough to be reported. Conclusion: Patients with major mental illness are susceptible to significant victimization. Clinicians should explore possible history of abuse or victimization in their patients, empower and support the victimized ones.
31
Biswas, Tanmay Prakash, Burahan Uddin Haider, and Saroj Kumar Dass. "Morbidity Pattern and Profile of Patients Attended at the Private Chamber of a Practicing Psychiatrist." KYAMC Journal 4, no. 2 (April 23, 2017): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v4i2.32274.
Full textAbstract:
Mental illnesses are of various types and all of them have a great impact on the life of the Sufferer, family members and on the society. This study was conducted by the author in the middle of 2002 to find out types of mental illness prevailing in the community on the patients attended at his private chamber. Total eighty new cases were attended during the study period. A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant data and Mental State Examination was done by the author during clinical interview. Majority of the patients belonged to 11 to 30 year age group. Males were 65% and the rest were females. Muslims and Hindu patients were 86.25 and 13.75% respectively. A good number (11.25%) of the cases were married before 18 years of age and 22.50% had a family history of mental illness. Two-thirds of the cases were from rural background. Psychotic patients were 51.25%. Patients having Mental retardation, Headache and Psychoactive substance use disorder also present. Urban patients suffer more than rural. Findings of this may be helpful in assessing the present disease situation in our community.KYAMC Journal Vol. 4, No.-2, Jan 2014, Page 371-379
32
Adomaitiene, V., A. Kunigeliene, K. Dambrauskiene, and V. Danileviciute. "Bipolar Affective Disorders: Diagnostic and Treatment Situation in Lithuania." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70790-4.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction:Bipolar disorder is one of the most important psychiatric diseases. This is a lifelong illness which increases disability, bad social, employment, and functional outcomes. Bipolar disorder causes dramatic mood swings - from overly “high” and irritable to sad and hopeless, often with periods of normal mood between. Bipolar I disorder is characterized by a history of at least one manic episode, with or without depressive symptoms. Bipolar II disorder is characterized by the presence of both depressive symptoms and a less severe form of mania.Objective:To review diagnostic and treatment situation of bipolar affective disorders in Lithuania.Method:A review of bipolar affective disorders in Lithuania: the prevalence of bipolar disorders, the differences between genders, the clinical features between genders.Results:Studies have suggested, that the prevalence of bipolar disorder in Lithuania is 1 % of population. The rates of bipolar disorder: in 2003 was 1131 cases, in 2004 - 1133 cases, in 2005 - 1147 cases, in 2006 - 1255 cases, in 2007 - 1257 cases. Distribution of bipolar disorders between males and females: males - 35,88 %, females - 64,12 %.Conclusion:The rates of Bipolar I disorder are equal between female and male population, but bipolar II disorder is more frequent in female population (bipolar depression, mixed manic disorder). Bipolar disorder with alcohol and drug abuse are very common among male population. Bipolar disorders are very common with somatic disease (thyroid disease, migraine, obesity of medication), anxiety disorders are more frequent in female population.
33
Salokangas, Raimo K. R., Teija Honkonen, Eija Stengård, and Jarmo Hietala. "Body mass index and functioning in long-term schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 22, no. 5 (July 2007): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2006.10.001.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractObjectiveThe study evaluates the association of body mass index (BMI) with functioning in male and female patients with long-term schizophrenia.Method722 long-term schizophrenia patients were interviewed three years after discharge from hospital. Their weight and height were recorded and data on their background, illness history, psychosocial functioning (Global Assessment Scale; GAS), health behaviour, daily doses of neuroleptics, and psychiatric symptoms were collected.ResultsBMI correlated significantly with GAS scores in male (r = 0.202, p = 0.000) but not in female patients. In male patients, BMI associated significantly (p = 0.005) with GAS scores even when the effects of psychiatric symptoms and other confounding variables were taken into account.ConclusionsIn male but not in female long-term patients with schizophrenia, low BMI associates with poor functioning. It is suggested that among male schizophrenia patients, low BMI may be an indicator of poor functioning.
34
Albert, Margot, Theora Cimino, Anne Kinderman, Leslie Safier, and Heather A. Harris. "Psychosocial distress screening in the health care safety net." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 26_suppl (October 9, 2016): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.26_suppl.91.
Full textAbstract:
91 Background: Recognizing that psychosocial distress (PSD) is underestimated in patients with cancer, the Commission on Cancer mandated screening using a validated tool. Studies of PSD screening exist, but none to date in a diverse, multicultural safety net setting where patients face challenges such as homelessness, mental illness, and substance abuse, which may augment PSD. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with cancer offered PSD screening during 2015. Overall distress scores and problems in each domain were analyzed. Chart review identified potential predictors of distress including age, gender, race, language, housing, psychiatric illness, substance abuse, and cancer stage. Results: Of 177 eligible patients, 113 (64%) completed screening. The most common reasons patients were not screened were refusal, too symptomatic (physically or emotionally), or language barriers. Of screened patients, 40.7% were female, 57.5% male, and 1.7% transgender. 31% were Caucasian, 27% Asian/Pacific Islander, 25% Hispanic, and 17% African American. 35% were non-English speaking. 29% had history of mental illness and 34% of substance abuse. 23% were marginally housed or homeless. 63% reported moderate to severe levels of PSD as defined by the NCCN as ≥ 4. Patients with mental illness were nearly twice as likely to report PSD ≥ 4 (p = 0.012) and had higher mean PSD scores (5.78 vs. 4.03, p = 0.002). English speaking patients had a mean PSD score of 5.01 compared to 3.6 and 3.2 for Spanish and Chinese speaking patients, respectively (p = 0.02 for English v. Chinese) and more domains causing PSD (p = 0.028 for English v. Chinese). Lack of stable housing also correlated with more domains causing PSD (p = 0.05). Conclusions: This proved to be an ethnically diverse cohort with high rates of mental illness, substance abuse, and homelessness, with the majority reporting moderate to severe distress. Even with a small cohort, English language and mental illness were significant predictors of PSD, and housing status correlated with more domains contributing to PSD. Several other variables trended toward significance, suggesting a larger cohort may be needed to determine if additional characteristics predict higher levels of PSD.
35
Guimaraes, Fernanda Jorge, Francyelle Juliany Da Silva Santos, Antônio Flaudiano Bern Leite, Viviane Rolim De Holanda, Girliani Silva De Sousa, and Jaqueline Galdino Alburquerque Perrelli. "Preferencias Enfermedad mental en mujeres embarazadas." Enfermería Global 18, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 499–534. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.18.1.328331.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: a gestação é um período na vida da mulher que a expõe a diversas alterações físicas e psíquicas. É neste momento de sua vida que a mulher esta mais susceptível a desenvolver transtornos mentais, os quais podem estar relacionados a baixo nível de escolaridade e/ou socioeconômico, ser do sexo feminino, estar solteiro ou separado, não ter emprego, ser tabagista, etilista e ter história familiar de doença mental.Objetivo: analisar a ocorrência de adoecimento mental em gestantes e os fatores associados ao mesmo.Método: estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. A população do estudo foi constituída por gestantes cadastradas em Unidades de Saúde da Família. Para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado questionário com dados de identificação das participantes e o questionário Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se frequência absoluta e relativa, como também o teste de qui-quadrado sem correção, teste de qui-quadrado de tendência com extensão de Mantel-Haenzel e o teste de qui-quadrado com correção de yates para analisar a associação entre o adoecimento mental e as variáveis sócio-demográficas, gestacionais e de saúde. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CAAE 64945317.1.0000.5208).Resultados: a proporção de sugestão de adoecimento mental em gestantes foi de 31,9% e esteve associada com estar solteira, ter estudado até o ensino fundamental, não ter planejado a gravidez e possuir doença crônica.Conclusões: portanto, o adoecimento mental identificado nas gestantes participantes do estudo pode estar associado a variáveis estado civil, escolaridade, planejamento da gravidez e possuir doença crônica. Introducción: La gestación es un período en la vida de la mujer que la expone a diversos cambios físicos y psíquicos. Es en este momento de su vida cuando la mujer es más susceptible a desarrollar trastornos mentales, los cuales pueden estar relacionados con bajo nivel de escolaridad y / o socioeconómico, ser del sexo femenino, estar soltero o separado, no tener empleo, ser fumadora, alcoholica y tener antecedentes familiares de enfermedad mental.Objetivo: Analizar la ocurrencia de trastornos mentales en gestantes y los factores asociados al mismo.Método: Estudio transversal, con abordaje cuantitativo. La población del estudio fue constituida por gestantes registradas en Unidades de Salud de la Familia. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó el cuestionario con datos de identificación de las participantes y el cuestionario Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó una frecuencia absoluta y relativa, como también la prueba de chi-cuadrado sin corrección, prueba de chi-cuadrado de tendencia con extensión de Mantel-Haenzel y la prueba de chi-cuadrado con corrección de yates para analizar la asociación entre la enfermedad mental y las variables socio demográficas, gestacionales y de salud. Estudio aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco (CAAE 64945317.1.0000.5208).Resultados: La proporción de sugerencia de enfermedad mental en gestantes fue de 31,9% y estuvo asociada con estar soltera, haber estudiado hasta la enseñanza básica, no haber planeado el embarazo y tener enfermedad crónica.Conclusiones: Por lo tanto, la enfermedad mental identificada en las gestantes participantes del estudio puede estar asociada a variables estado civil, escolaridad, planificación del embarazo y tener enfermedad crónica. Introduction: Gestation is a period in the life of the woman that exposes her to various physical and psychic changes. It is at this point in her life that a woman is more likely to develop mental disorders, which may be related to low level of schooling and/or socioeconomic status, being female, being single or separated, having no job, being a smoker, and have a family history of mental illness.Objective: to analyze the occurrence of mental illness in pregnant women and the associated factors.Method: cross-sectional study with quantitative approach. The study population consisted of pregnant women enrolled in Family Health Units. To collect the data, a questionnaire was used with identification data of the participants and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Absolute and relative frequency were used to analyze the data, as well as the chi-square test without correction, chi-square test with Mantel-Haenzel extension and the chi-square test with yacht correction to analyze the association between mental illness and socio-demographic, gestational and health variables. Study approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Pernambuco (CAAE 64945317.1.0000.5208).Results: the proportion of suggestion of mental illness in pregnant women was 31.9% and was associated with being single, having studied until elementary school, not having planned pregnancy and having a chronic illness.Conclusions: therefore, the mental illness identified in pregnant women participating in the study may be associated with variables marital status, schooling, pregnancy planning, and chronic illness.
36
Vybornykh, D., S. Khrushchev, E. Rasskazova, L. Kuzmina, E. Parovichnikova, and A. Tkhostov. "Clinical Personality Patterns in Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Waiting for Bone Marrow Transplantation." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1146.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionPersonality disorders are rather widespread in oncology settings demanding special attention of clinician. Serious illness threatening person's life as well as severe treatment and side effects lead to specific self-regulatory emotional and cognitive efforts. Personality could both play an important role in this process predicting adjustment and survival and change in line with illness pathogenesis.ObjectivesThe personality patterns could be important predictors of operation success and further adjustment for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) waiting for bone marrow transplantation.AimTo reveal personality patterns specific for patients with ALL.MethodsTwenty-five patients with ALL (11 males, 37.4 ± 9.5 years old) filled Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory–III and Big Five Questionnairie–2. Comparison group included 180 people of the same age and gender without history of mental or severe somatic disorders.ResultsMale patients comparing to healthy males were lower on emotional control and higher in negativistic personality pattern (P < .05). Female patients were higher on dynamism but lower in openness to culture and antisocial pattern (P < .05). They rarely expressed patterns of borderline disorder and drug dependence but reported more compulsive traits (P < .05).ConclusionsSevere illness could increase likelihood of emotion regulation difficulties and passive-aggressive coping in male patients while stimulate activity and compulsive behaviour in females. These patterns should be taken into account in psychological support of patents to bone marrow transplantation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
37
Stetkiewicz, A., A. Goch, and A. Borkowska. "Depression in Coronary Heart Disease." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70915-0.
Full textAbstract:
Background and aims:Current studies showed a significant association between depression and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). Depression is a significant etiopathogenetic factor of CHD and caused with worsening of the course of the illness. The aim of this study was to asses the relationship between the intensity of depressed symptoms and the course of the illness and also demographic factors.Methods:The group of 111 CHD patients (89 male, 22 female) aged 41-65 years (mean 55±5,6). The individuals were assessed according to the following criteria: sex, job status (working, unemployed, retired), vascular diseases in family, myocardial infarction (MI) in history, number of MI, patients with acute MI were divided according to the duration of time from the onset of MI pain (patients who passed MI within a week and above a week from the onset of MI). The intensity of depressive symptoms were assessed by subjective Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and objective Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS).Results:The intensity of depressed symptoms in BDI was 9,9±7,5 and in HDRS 6,6±4,5. Females showed significant higher level of depression compared with males.In patients who passed MI within a week before the evaluation as compared with those whose term after MI was longer than a week the less level of depression was observed. Also active workers presented significantly less degree of depressive symptoms than pensioners.Conclusion:The results obtained showed the association between the intensity of depression and the more severe course of the CHD, especially in female and pension patients.Acknowledgements:This research was supported by grant 502-16-653 Medical University of Lodz
38
Dharmawardene, Vajira, and David B. Menkes. "Violence and self-harm in severe mental illness: inpatient study of associations with ethnicity, cannabis and alcohol." Australasian Psychiatry 25, no. 1 (September 27, 2016): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856216671650.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: We examined the extent to which ethnicity, cannabis and alcohol use could predict prevalence of violence and self-harm in an inpatient psychiatric sample. Method: We collected demographic and clinical data in a series of 141 adult psychiatric inpatients in Hamilton, New Zealand. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test, Revised (CUDIT-R) were used to measure substance use. Clinical assessment and file review were used to verify histories of self-harm and violence. Results: It was found that 66% had a history of violence, 54% of self-harm, and 40% of both; only 20% had neither. Cannabis use was found to significantly predict lifetime history of violence ( p = 0.02); other independent variables (gender, age, ethnicity, alcohol use, psychiatric diagnosis) did not. Self-harm was strikingly predicted by female gender ( p < 0.001), as well as by measures both of cannabis ( p = 0.025) and alcohol use ( p = 0.036); age, ethnicity and diagnosis did not reach significance. Less than 10% of patients were engaged with drug or alcohol services. Conclusions: Cannabis use is a significant predictor of lifetime violence among the severely mentally ill, while both alcohol and cannabis use predict self-harm. Few affected patients receive specific treatment for substance use comorbidity.
39
Werbeloff, Nomi, Johan Hilge Thygesen, Joseph Hayes, Essi Viding, and David Osborn. "M128. THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE AND OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE MENTAL ILLNESS." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.440.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Consistent evidence suggests that there is an association between childhood trauma and psychotic disorders. Exposure to childhood trauma among people with severe mental illness (SMI) is associated with a range of negative outcomes, including exacerbation of symptoms, higher rates of readmission and relapse, poorer levels of social and vocational functioning, substance use and self-harm (Grubaugh et al., 2011). We aimed to identify people with SMI and a history of CSA as recorded in electronic health records in a large mental healthcare provider in the UK, describe the clinical and functional characteristics these patients and compare their clinical outcomes (admissions, medication) to those of patients with no recorded history of CSA. Methods Data for this study were obtained from Camden & Islington NHS Foundation Trust using the Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) tool. CRIS is an application developed to enable routinely collected electronic health records to be used in research. C&I NHS FT is a large mental health provider serving a geographic catchment area of two inner-city London boroughs, and approximately 470,000 residents. For purposes of this study we identified patients with an ICD-10 diagnosis of F20-F29 or F30-31 with at least one year of follow-up. We searched text records (clinical notes and documents) for keywords associated with CSA, using an iterative process of inclusion and exclusion rules. We then tested the positive predictive value of this search. We compared the demographic, clinical and functional characteristics of patients with and without a history of CSA using chi square tests. Next, we used logistic regression models to examine the outcomes of inpatient admission and receipt of antipsychotic medication among the study population. Results We identified 7,000 patients with SMI, of which 619 (8.8%) hade a recorded history of CSA. Patients with a recorded history of CSA were more likely to be female (63.8% vs. 43.3%), single (76.9% vs. 66.5%), of white ethnic origin (66.4% vs. 54.3%) than their counterparts without CSA. There was no difference in the distribution of social deprivation between the groups. Major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and personality disorders were all more prevalent in patients with CSA (13.4% vs. 7.6%, 4.7% vs. 1.4%, and 22.0% vs. 5.8%, respectively). Higher rates of moderate-severe psychotic symptoms, depressed mood, self-harm, substance use and aggression were also evident in this group, as were problems with relationships and accommodation. There was a 2-fold increase in the odds of inpatient admissions in patients with a history of CSA than in those without (adjusted OR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.64–2.33), and they were more likely to have spent at least 10 days a year as inpatients (adjusted OR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.07–1.62). Similarly, patients with a history of CSA were more likely to be prescribed antipsychotic medication (adjusted OR=2.48, 95% CI: 1.69–3.66), and more likely to be given over 75% of the maximum recommended dose (adjusted OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.44–2.04). Discussion The current study used routinely recorded data from electronic health records to identify a history of childhood sexual abuse in patients with SMI. Consistent with previous findings, the study demonstrated that exposure to childhood trauma is associated with negative clinical and functional outcomes in these patients. Clinicians working with patients with SMI should be trained and skilled at assessing childhood adversity, and addressing such adversity in the clinical setting.
40
Walichniewicz, Patryk, and Michał Lew-Starowicz. "Methylphenidate-induced psychosis in a young antipsychotic-naïve female patient." Wiedza Medyczna 3, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36553/wm.74.
Full textAbstract:
Methylphenidate (MPD) is commonly prescribed for patients with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Although used off-label, MPD forms part of complex and multifactorial treatment regimen for narcolepsy and hypersomnia, together with including behavioural interventions. The drug is sometimes also prescribed off-label to subjects with other mental illness or somatic condition to improve intellectual outcome, ease fatigue or enhance the ability to concentrate. Common side effects include headache, insomnia, decreased appetite and hypertension. Concurrently, clinicians should be aware of relatively rare but potentially threatening adverse effects including agitation and psychotic symptoms. Several case reports regarding MPD-induced psychosis have been published, but most of them regard children or teenagers (1) and much less is known about drug-induced psychosis in adults (2). In this article, we present a case report of MPD-induced psychosis in a 31-year-old, antipsychotic-naïve patient. Careful evaluation including clinical examination, medical and family history and possible early signs of psychosis is recommended each time before MPD treatment will be initiated.
41
Wilhelm, K., H. Niven, P. Mitchell, G. Malhi, L. Wedgwood, M.-P. Austin, B. Kotze, and G. Parker. "Actions Taken to Cope with Depression in Patients Seeking Specialist Care." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 3 (March 2006): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01780.x.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To assess the rates and perceived effectiveness of actions used to cope with depression and the factors influencing these in an outpatient sample seeking help for depression. Method: One hundred and seventy-six patients (74 male, 102 female) aged 16–82 years (M=42, SD=14.4 years) with a major depressive episode (DSM-IV criteria) were assessed using a number of measures that covered sociodemographics, history of psychiatric illness, actions taken to alleviate depression and their perceived effectiveness. Logistic regression analyses assessed age, gender and illness characteristics associated with the use and perceived effectiveness of strategies adopted to manage depression. Results: Medical interventions were used and perceived to be effective in alleviating depressive symptoms by most of the sample, as were self-help and complementary therapies. Sociodemographic and illness-related characteristics had a significant influence, with younger age and having experienced an episode of anxiety disorder found to be the strongest predictors for the use of coping strategies. Being female was the strongest predictor for their effectiveness. Conclusion: A range of actions for depression, including medical and complementary interventions, were used and found to be helpful in a sample that had sought professional help for depression. Gender, age, depression and anxiety factors were all found to predict the use and perceived effectiveness of these strategies.
42
Mignon, Sylvia. "Health issues of incarcerated women in the United States." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 21, no. 7 (July 2016): 2051–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015217.05302016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Health care within jails and prisons in the United States is typically insufficient to meet the medical and psychological needs of female inmates. Health services are often of low quality, especially in the areas of reproductive medicine. Mental illness, substance abuse, a trauma history, and sexual victimization while incarcerated can predict a more difficult adjustment to a correctional environment. Incarcerated women who are able to maintain contact with family members, especially children, can have a better prison adjustment. Recommendations are made to improve the types and quality of health care delivered to women in jails and prisons in countries around the world.
43
Janati, A. Bruce, Naif ALGhasab, and Aboubaker Osman. "Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Caused by a Combination of Carbamazepine and Amitriptyline." Case Reports in Neurological Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/183252.
Full textAbstract:
A 32-year-old female, with a history of secondarily-generalized convulsive epilepsy, mental retardation, and a psychiatric illness, developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome while receiving carbamazepine and amitriptyline concurrently. We hypothesize that the addition of amitriptyline to carbamazepine caused a decrease in the serum level of carbamazepine, resulting in NMS. We conclude that combination therapy with carbamazepine and amitriptyline should be avoided in patients who are predisposed to NMS. The purpose of this paper is to warn physicians against combination therapy with carbamazepine and tricyclic antidepressants which may be conducive to neuroleptic malignant syndrome in susceptible patients.
44
Ben Mabrouk, N., S. Bourgou, N. Staali, M. Hamza, A. Ben Hammouda, F. Charfi, and A. Belhadj. "Does gender matter? A comparative study of post-traumatic stress disorder among children and teenager." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.413.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology seems to depend of many variables like age, exposition to trauma, environment…ObjectivesCompare, basing on gender, socio-demographic and symptomatology of patients with PTSD.MethodsA retrospective and comparative study was conducted at the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department of Mongi Slim Hospital (Tunisia) from January 2013 until July 2016. We included all cases of patients followed for PTSD (DSM-5). They were divide into 2 groups according to the gender. Data was collected from patients’ records.ResultsOur study featured 30 patients: 16 boys and 14 girls. The average age was similar for both teams (boys: 8.43 years; girls: 8.53 years). Boys had twice more personal history of somatic, psychiatric illness (70%), and low socioeconomic status (62.5%). The beginning of the facts were significantly later for the female group (P < 0.001). Females were more likely to be a witness, while males tented to be directly exposed to the trauma. Physical abuse was the major aggression for both groups.Female gender was associated to parental trauma exposure (P = 0.023) and to an ongoing event (P = 0.004). Meanwhile, male gender was associated to a maternal history of psychiatric illness (P = 0.012), a single traumatic event (P = 0.010), and to a school located aggression (0.04). Girls have developed more hypervigilance, guilt symptoms and aggressive behaviors. Low self-worth, regression, specific phobia and suicidal ideations occurred more frequently among boys.ConclusionsHealth professionals must be aware of the youth PTSD warning signs in order to have the earlier right intervention.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
45
Shah, SK. "A study of clinico-demographic profile of patients with dissociative disorder." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 8, no. 3 (September 20, 2013): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i3.8683.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives To study the clinical and socio demographic profile of patients with dissociative disorder and their comorbid mental illness. Materials and methods Fifty-one patients of dissociative disorder presenting to emergency and outpatient department of Psychiatry at College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital during the period from Jan to March 2012 were included. International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems tenth edition, diagnostic criteria for research (ICD-10, DCR) was used. Results Out of 51 patients, the majority 24 (47.1%), were in the age group 15-29. However the age of presentation ranged from 9-45 years. The females were more, 44 (86.3%) as compared to males 7 (13.7%). The majority of patients had low level of education with none of the patients having education above intermediate level. The majority of patients, 27(52.9%) belonged to lower middle class. 49% of the patients presented with dissociative convulsions, 15.7% with dissociative motor disorders, 15.7% with dissociative stupor, 11.8% with dissociative anesthesia and sensory loss and 7.8% with trance and possession disorder. Depressive illness was found co-morbid with dissociative disorder in 33.3%, borderline personality disorder in 9.8% and histrionic personality disorder in 7.8%. There was history of immediate stressful events that supposedly precipitated the event in 76.5%. Conclusion Dissociative disorder mainly affects young female of lower socio-economic and educational status with history of immediate stressful life events precipitating the illness. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2012, Vol-8, No-3, 30-35 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i3.8683
46
Korkeila, J., R. K. R. Salokangas, M. Heinimaaa, T. Svirskis, T. Laine, S. Ruhrmann, H. von Reventlow, et al. "Physical illnesses, developmental risk factors and psychiatric diagnoses among subjects at risk of psychosis." European Psychiatry 28, no. 3 (September 9, 2011): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.06.005.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBackgroundSubjects with psychoses have significantly increased rates of physical illnesses, but the nature of the relationship remains largely unknown.Material and methodsThe present study is part of the European Prediction of Psychosis Study (EPOS). Data were collected from 245 help-seeking individuals from six European centers (age 16–35) who met criteria for ultra-high risk of psychosis criteria. This paper seeks to investigate self-reported physical ill health and its associations with psychiatric symptoms and disorders, risk factors, and onset of psychosis during 48 months of follow-up.ResultsIn multivariate analysis, lifetime panic disorder (OR = 2.43, 95%CI: 1.03–5.73), known complications during pregnancy and delivery (OR = 2.81, 95%CI: 1.10–7.15), female gender (OR = 2.88, 95%CI: 1.16–7.17), family history of psychosis (OR = 3.08, 95%CI: 1.18–8.07), and having a relationship (OR = 3.44, 95%CI: 1.33–8.94) were significantly associated with self-reported physician-diagnosed illness. In the Cox proportional hazard model we found no significant differences between those who had undergone a transition to psychosis and those who had not.ConclusionsThe physical health of patients defined to be at ultra-high risk of psychosis seems to be commonly impaired and associated with female gender, marital status, complications during pregnancy and birth, lifetime panic disorder, and genetic risk of psychosis.
47
Sharma, Kamlesh Kumari, Ravneet Kaur, Muthuvenkatachalam Srinivasan, Siddarth Sarkar, Kalaivani Mani, Yamya Sharma, and Sandhya Gupta. "Impact of COVID-19 on mental health of healthcare professionals working in COVID-19 designated clinical areas in India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20210835.
Full textAbstract:
Background: In the wake of the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019, there are reports of its impact on psychological wellbeing of the health care workers.Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in June 2020 in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India among conveniently sampled 93 participants i.e. doctors and nurses directly engaged in clinical activities in COVID-19 designated areas. A self-administered questionnaire through Google forms elicited symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress measured using the 9-item patient health questionnaire, 7-item generalized anxiety disorder scale, 7-item insomnia severity index, and 22-item impact of event scale-revised respectively.Results: Majority (53.8%) of the participants were male and their mean age was 30.2 years. Most (72%) were nurses, the rest being doctors. A substantial proportion of the participants had depression (47.4% of the sample), anxiety (29.0%), insomnia (32.3%) and distress (22.6%). Symptoms were disproportionately higher in female and single participants, nurses; those with history of chronic illness, staying in institute provided temporary accommodation, working on regular basis and perceiving lack of adequate personal protective equipment. Taking prophylactic hydroxychloroquine was associated with lower symptom rates.Conclusions: This survey revealed a considerable prevalence of mental health outcomes in HCWs demonstrating an association with age, gender; marital, professional and employment status, history of chronic illness, access to PPE, stay at institute provided temporary accommodation and prophylactic hydroxychloroquine use.
48
Suryavanshi, Sunilkumar R., and Ivan S. Netto. "A study on the nature of criminal offences in prisoners with psychiatric disorders." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 3 (February 24, 2021): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20210811.
Full textAbstract:
Background: There are very few Indian studies related to the nature of criminal offences in individuals with psychiatric disorders.Methods: Sample consisted of 50 prisoners admitted to a Mental hospital. Their diagnostic categorization was done according to ICD-10 diagnostic research criteria and criminal offences using the Indian Penal code (IPC). The criminal offences and nature of psychiatric illness were divided into two broad groups as violent/non-violent criminal offence and schizophrenia/non-schizophrenia groups respectively.Results: 46 males and 4 female prisoners participated. Murder (IPC 302) was the most common crime among the prisoners. 88% (44) of them had a history of violent crimes and 12% (6) had non-violent crimes. The violent crimes were mainly murder (IPC 302), attempt to murder (IPC 307), and culpable homicide not amounting to murder (IPC 304) and voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons (IPC 323, 324, 325, 326). The non-violent crimes were destroying, damaging or defiling (IPC 295), kidnapping (IPC 363), theft (IPC 379) and sexual crimes (IPC 376). All females had committed murder while males had other crimes in addition to murder.Conclusions: Murder, attempt to murder, rape, kidnapping, grievous injury and theft were the crimes committed by the prisoners. Murder was the most common crime committed by both male and female prisoners. Most prisoners with violent crimes (murder) had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. This has implications for mental health services, training of mental health professional research and policy in forensic psychiatry in the Indian setting.
49
Weber, Michelle L., John-Henry L. Dean, Nicole L. Hoffman, Steven P. Broglio, Michael McCrea, Thomas W. McAllister, Julianne D. Schmidt, et al. "Influences of Mental Illness, Current Psychological State, and Concussion History on Baseline Concussion Assessment Performance." American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 7 (April 19, 2018): 1742–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518765145.
Full textAbstract:
Background: A student-athlete’s mental state, including history of trait anxiety and depression, or current psychological state may affect baseline concussion assessment performance. Purpose: (1) To determine if mental illness (anxiety, depression, anxiety with depression) influences baseline scores, (2) to determine if psychological state correlates with baseline performance, and (3) to determine if history of concussion affects Brief Symptom Inventory–18 (BSI-18) subscores of state anxiety, depression, and somatization. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A sample of 8652 collegiate student-athletes (54.5% males, 45.5% females) participated in the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium. Baseline assessments included a demographic form, a symptom evaluation, Standardized Assessment of Concussion, Balance Error Scoring System, a psychological state assessment (BSI-18), and Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test. Baseline scores were compared between individuals with a history of anxiety (n = 59), depression (n = 283), and anxiety with depression (n = 68) and individuals without a history of those conditions (n = 8242). Spearman’s rho correlations were conducted to assess the relationship between baseline and psychological state subscores (anxiety, depression, somatization) (α = .05). Psychological state subscores were compared between individuals with a self-reported history of concussions (0, 1, 2, 3, 4+) using Kruskal-Wallis tests (α = .05). Results: Student-athletes with anxiety, depression, and anxiety with depression demonstrated higher scores in number of symptoms reported (anxiety, 4.3 ± 4.2; depression, 5.2 ± 4.8; anxiety with depression, 5.4 ± 3.9; no anxiety/depression, 2.5 ± 3.4), symptom severity (anxiety, 8.1 ± 9.8; depression, 10.4 ± 12.4; anxiety with depression, 12.4 ± 10.7; no anxiety/depression, 4.1 ± 6.9), and psychological distress in state anxiety (anxiety, 3.7 ± 4.7; depression, 2.5 ± 3.6; anxiety with depression, 3.8 ± 4.2; no anxiety/depression, 0.8 ± 1.8), depression (anxiety, 2.4 ± 4.0; depression, 3.2 ± 4.5; anxiety with depression, 3.8 ± 4.8; no anxiety/depression, 0.8 ± 1.8), and somatization (anxiety, 2.3 ± 2.9; depression, 1.8 ± 2.8; anxiety with depression, 2.2 ± 2.4; no anxiety/depression, 0.9 ± 1.7). A moderate positive relationship existed between all BSI-18 subscores and total symptom number (n = 8377; anxiety: rs = 0.43, P < .001; depression: rs = 0.42, P < .001; somatization: rs = 0.45, P < .001), as well as total symptom severity (anxiety: rs = 0.43, P < .001; depression: rs = 0.41, P < .001; somatization: rs = 0.45, P < .001). Anxiety, depression, and somatization subscores were greater among student-athletes that self-reported more concussions. Conclusion: Clinicians should be cognizant that student-athletes with a history of trait anxiety, depression, and anxiety with depression may report higher symptom score and severity at baseline. Individuals with extensive concussion history may experience greater state anxiety, depression, and somatization.
50
Ostroy, Elena, and Irma Campbell. "A-83 Neuropsychological Outcomes in Two COVID-19 Patients." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (August 30, 2021): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.101.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective The cases describe neuropsychological functioning in a 55-year-old male and 37-year-old female with a history of COVID-19 illness. While COVID-19-related cognitive and psychological impairments are documented, long-term outcomes are not well understood as few case studies exist. The present case studies add to the growing body of literature describing the neuropsychological profile and outcomes in patients with a history of COVID-19 illness at 3 to 12 months post-illness. Method Both patients had confirmed COVID-19 illness with symptoms including fever, headache, ageusia, anosmia, and fatigue. An MRI/DTI/MRS of the brain showed significant changes for both patients. Self-reported cognitive symptoms at the initial evaluation (3 to 6 months post-illness) included problems with memory and attention for both patients. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and irritability were reported. Results On the initial assessment, both patients showed decline in learning and memory. One patient showed additional decline in attention, executive functions, and processing speed. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were elevated in both patients. Following the initial evaluation, one patient participated in formal cognitive remediation. At the five to ten month follow-up, both patients reported improvements in cognition and psychological functioning. Neurocognitive testing showed improvements across most cognitive domains though residual deficits were noted for one patient in memory and executive functions. Emotionally, symptoms of anxiety and depression remained elevated. Conclusions Results add to the growing body of literature on the course of cognitive decline following COVID-19 illness. While significant cognitive recovery occurs within several months, residual cognitive and emotional problems can remain measurable up to a year post-illness.