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Haber, Marc 1980. "Study of human genetic diversity : inferences on population origin and history." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/127113.
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Patterns of human genetic diversity suggest that all modern humans originated from a small population in Africa that expanded rapidly 50,000 years ago to occupy the whole world. While moving into new environments, genetic drift and natural selection affected populations differently, creating genetic structure. By understanding the genetic structure of human populations, we can reconstruct human history and understand the genetic basis of diseases. The work presented here contributes to the ongoing effort to catalogue human genetic diversity by exploring populations that have been underrepresented in genetic studies. We use variations on the genomes of populations from Central Asia, the Near East, and North Africa to reconstruct the history of these populations. We find that climate change and geography appear to be major factors shaping genetic diversity. In addition, we identify recent cultural developments and historical events that have influenced admixture and gene flow between populations, leading to the genetic diversity observed in humans today.Els patrons de diversitat genètica humana suggereixen que els humans van sorgir d’un petit grup a l’Àfrica que es va expandir ràpidament fa uns 50,000 anys per tot el planeta. En migrar cap a nous hàbitats, la deriva genètica i la selecció natural van afectar de manera diferencial les poblacions, generant una estructura genètica. Mitjançant la comprensió de l’estructura genètica de les poblacions podem reconstruir la història humana i entendre la base genètica de les malalties. Aquest treball contribueix a l’esforç continu de catalogar la diversitat genètica humana explorant poblacions poc representades en altres estudis genètics. Hem utilitzat variacions al llarg del genoma de poblacions d’Àsia Central, Orient Mitjà i el Nord d’Àfrica per tal de reconstruir la seva història. Hem observat que canvis climàtics i geogràfics semblen ser els factors principals que han modelat la diversitat genètica. A més, hem identificat esdeveniments culturals i històrics recents que afavorit les barreges i el flux genètic entre poblacions, generant la diversitat genètica observada avui en dia.
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Kami, Hideaki. "Diplomacy and Human Migration:A History of U.S. Relations with Cuba during the Late Cold War." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1448899397.
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Rodrigo, Annelise. "Sauver les plus irremplaçables ? : une histoire du refuge canadien par les associations pendant la Seconde guerre mondiale." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20062.
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Cette thèse retrace la mobilisation d'associations canadiennes venant en aide aux réfugiés durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L'étude de cette mobilisation collective - le refuge - éclaire la volonté de secours canadienne face aux dangers et persécutions menaçant les réfugiés entre décembre 1938 et octobre 1945. À partir des sources des deux principaux acteurs du refuge consacrés aux réfugiés - le Canadian National Committee on Refugees (CNCR) et les comités du Canadian Jewish Congress (CJC) - la thèse propose un regard intermédiaire sur l'assistance et l'accueil canadiens tout au long du conflit, entre histoire de la politique migratoire et étude des mouvements de populations. En suivant le rythme du refuge, la thèse retrace la structure complexe de la mobilisation collective constituée d'une dizaine d'organisations opposées par des rivalités idéologiques, politiques et territoriales. En tirant les fils de ce " sac de nœuds associatif ", l'étude du refuge fait ressortir la catégorisation du réfugié dans un Canada ne distinguant pas ceux-ci des migrants classiques. Confrontée au refus gouvernemental d'admettre des réfugiés au Canada, la mobilisation collective ne reste pas isolée du reste de la population canadienne et sollicite son appui pour ouvrir les frontières canadiennes aux personnes persécutées. Le refuge développe alors deux propagandes reflétant la collaboration interne à la mobilisation collective, notamment entre le comité du CJC consacré aux récoltes de fonds - l'United Jewish Refugee and Relief Agencies - et le CNCR. Face à la politique restrictive du gouvernement canadien, le refuge développe un secours à distance, participant à l'aide humanitaire réalisée par des organisations états-uniennes, et détermine une stratégie d'assistance fondée sur la discrétion. Celle-ci a pour objet de contourner les règles migratoires canadiennes et de préparer l'accueil de potentiels réfugiés. L'arrivée des réfugiés apparaît alors comme le point culminant du refugeThis thesis traces the mobilization of Canadian associations helping refugees during the Second World War. The study of this collective mobilization - the refuge - sheds light on Canada's willingness to help in the face of the dangers and persecutions threatening refugees between December 1938 and October 1945. Based on the sources of the two main refugee actors in the refuge - the Canadian National Committee on Refugees (CNCR) and the committees of the Canadian Jewish Congress (CJC) - the thesis provides an intermediate perspective on Canadian assistance and reception throughout the conflict, between the history of migration policy and the study of population movements. By following the rhythm of the refuge, the thesis retraces the complex structure of collective mobilization made up of about ten organizations opposed by ideological, political and territorial rivalries. By pulling the threads out of this "associative knot bag", the study of the refuge highlights the categorization of the refugee in a Canada that does not distinguish them from traditional migrants. Faced with the government's refusal to admit refugees to Canada, collective mobilization does not remain isolated from the rest of the Canadian population and seeks its support to open Canada's borders to persecuted people. The shelter then developed two propaganda messages reflecting internal collaboration in collective mobilization, notably between the CJC's fundraising committee - the United Jewish Refugee and Relief Agencies - and the CNCR. Faced with the restrictive policy of the Canadian government, the shelter develops remote relief, participating in humanitarian aid carried out by American organizations, and determines an assistance strategy based on discretion. Its purpose is to bypass Canadian migration rules and prepare for the reception of potential refugees. The arrival of the refugees then appears as the highest point of the refuge
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Flammer, Patrik Guido. "Molecular archaeoparasitology as a novel tool for the study of trading and migration networks through history." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:642b62a8-431f-47b9-91ae-05339324cfd4.
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This project represents the first comprehensive study applying molecular and genetic methods to study historical contexts such as migration and trade based on human parasites. Using specially developed techniques, the study focused on parasites with minor symptoms which allowed the infected person to go about their daily business. The combination of state of the art techniques in archaeology, molecular methods and phylogenetic analysis enabled us to develop a novel powerful tool to study historic events. Diseases have a considerable impact on societies. Various publications indicate that human intestinal parasites are commonly found in a variety of archaeological contexts, including latrines, graves and mummies. These parasites can be detected by microscopy which focuses the work on samples which do close association to humans; widespread prevalence and the possibility for reliable microscopic diagnostics suggest that these parasites are an attractive study system for human activities. Infectious diseases have a much short generation time which offers greater opportunity to track historical events at higher resolution. Looking at a range of human parasites, their different life-cycles allowed insight into various aspects of human culture, comparing different origins of the samples allows an estimation of the epidemiological burden of ancient populations. Application of a parallel sequencing approach (MiSeq) enabled building a comprehensive database of sequences from various archaeological sites dating as far back as 3630 BCE. Indepth phylogenetic analysis reveals patterns in the genetic signatures of both coding and non-coding genetic regions, taking various levels of selective pressure into account. This project has produced the oldest pathogen sequence and the most comprehensive database of ancient pathogen sequences.
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Unver, Cansu. "Essays on the economic determinants and impacts of migration : the roles of broadband connectivity, industry-level productivity and human capital." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6367/.
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This thesis investigates the motivation behind individuals’ decision to migrate, the impact of migration on the host countries’ economies, and finally the impact of high skilled emigration on the human capital level in origin countries. Chapter 1 investigates whether ICT facilitates migration flows from origin to host countries based on the magnitude of the flows. Chapter 2 investigates the productivity effects of migration in four European Union (EU) countries: the UK, Spain and the Netherlands for 1995-2008 and Germany for 2002-2008. This analysis was carried out using EU Labour Force Survey (LFS) and EU-KLEMS data. We apply the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) variant for the autoregressive distributed-lag (ARDL) estimator. Various findings are presented in order to distinguish between EU and non-EU origins as well as the skill level of migrants. Chapter 3 contributes an insightful panel data analysis of human capital and high skilled emigration for 74 origin countries from 1980 to 2000 with a five-year frequency. We find a significant negative brain drain impact of high skilled emigration across countries sampled.
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Baycar, Muhammet Kazim. "Ottoman-Arab transatlantic migrations in the age of mass migrations (1870-1914)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:00e0eaca-5981-4edd-97fc-0fd06a472df8.
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This thesis sketches out the history of Ottoman-Arab emigration from Greater Syria to the United States and to Argentina from the late nineteenth century up to the end of World War I, relying primarily (but not solely) on the related documents preserved in the Ottoman Archives. It depicts a wide range of this emigration history, including the scale and the number of immigrants, the causes behind emigration, the ways that emigrants managed to reach the Americas, the attitudes of Ottoman governments toward them, and the ways that emigrants adapted to their host societies. The thesis analyses the Ottoman-Arab emigration phenomenon from social and economic perspectives and in the larger context comprising other European population movements to the New World during this period, which has been called 'the Age of Mass Migrations'.
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Novaes, Marina Martins. "Sujeitas de direitos: história de vida de mulheres bolivianas, peruanas e paraguaias na cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-14012015-104519/.
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Sujeitas de Direitos: história de vida de mulheres bolivianas, peruanas e paraguaias na cidade de São Paulo é uma pesquisa de história oral, guiada por seu conjunto de procedimentos em todas as etapas do trabalho. As entrevistas, a partir da história de vida de cinco mulheres migrantes, seguiram seus pressupostos e formaram o corpo do documento. Baseado nessas narrativas, feitas de forma colaborativa, buscou-se abordar a história do tempo presente a partir da migração de mulheres que vieram da Bolívia, Paraguai e Peru, e escolheram viver na cidade de São Paulo. A conquista de espaços urbanos, a liberdade relativa na escolha da profissão e a mobilidade como saída da opressão familiar foram discutidas, ao lado da criação de transnacionalização familiar e das atividades que exploram as vulnerabilidades da pessoa, como o trabalho escravo e o tráfico de pessoasSubject of Rights: the life stories of Bolivian, Peruvian and Paraguayan women in São Paulo is an oral history research project, guided in its entirety by the methods guidelines. Focused on the life trajectories of five migrant women, the interviews follow the oral history procedures, and interviews also structure the core of the present document. Grounded on the narratives of these migrants, conducted in a collaborative manner, this projected aimed to tackle the present history of women from Bolivia, Paraguay, and Peru who chose to live in the city of Sao Paulo. We discuss the seizure of urban spaces, the relative freedom of choice of occupation and mobility as an exit from family oppression, in addition to the conception of household transnacionalization, and finally the activities that endanger the individual, such as slave labor and human trafficking
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Sawatzky, Robert J. "A comparison of the Mennonite and Doukhobor emigrations from Russia to Canada, 1870-1920." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0009/MQ36523.pdf.
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Ramachandran, Sohini. "The signature of historical migrations on human population genetic data /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Cox, Murray, and Michael Hammer. "A question of scale: Human migrations writ large and small." BioMed Central, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610287.
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Several recent papers illustrate the importance of migration and gene flow in molding the patterns of genetic variation observed in humans today. We place the varied demographic processes covered by these terms into a more general framework, and discuss some of the challenges facing attempts to reconstruct past human mobility and determine its influence on our genetic heritage.See research articles: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/8/15 webcite and http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/11/18 webcite
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Andersson, Erika. "Are You Staying? : A Study of In-movers to Northern Sweden and the Factors Influencing Migration and Duration of Stay." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-137446.
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The distribution of the population has multiple implications on regional development and planning. In-migration is frequently seen as the only possible solution in order to rejuvenate the population and stimulate regional development in sparsely populated regions. A population increase results in greater tax revenues, meaning that local authorities can plan for their inhabitants and expenditures in a more sufficient way. In addition, certain professionals are needed in order to support essential local services such as schools and hospitals. Place marketing with the intention of attracting in-movers has become increasingly popular, especially for rural, sparsely populated Swedish municipalities. Still, the outcome from place marketing efforts are dubious and in addition, migration has a temporal aspect and individual migration propensity usually fluctuates over time. This begs the question – how long do in-movers stay? Is there potential for long lasting development in sparsely populated regions connected to in-movers or is it temporary? This study focuses on the duration of time until an in-mover re-migrates from Region 8 in northern Sweden and which socioeconomic and demographic factors that influences the out- migration. This is studied by applying an event history method with discrete-time logistic regressions. The study follows individuals in working age that moved to any of nine specified municipalities in Västerbotten and Norrbotten County, sometime between 2000 and 2011. Questions posed for the study is: i) On average, how long did people who moved to Region 8 between the years 2000-2011 stay in the region? ii) What are the socioeconomic and demographic factors that influence the out-migration from the region? iii) Do the influencing factors differ between women and men? The results show that the time perspective matters as the risk of moving out was highest in the initial years and that it declines with time. 30 % of the sampled in-movers had moved out again within the time of observation, and on average the in-movers stayed for nine years. The regression results indicated that the factors that had the greatest influence on the out- migration was unemployment, being between 20-26 years old, high education, having and unemployed partner, and having children below school age. Women had a slightly lower likelihood of moving out compared to men, and the most prominent influential factor to outmigration that varied between women and men was unemployment.
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Nguyen, An Tuan. "Luggage to America: Vietnamese Intellectual and Entrepreneurial Immigrants in the New Millennium." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1368535151.
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Feeley, Stephen D. "Tuscarora trails: Indian migrations, war, and constructions of colonial frontiers." W&M ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623324.
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Over a century before the Cherokees' Infamous "Trail of Tears," uprooted refugees already made up a majority among Indians in many regions of the American backcountry. Using the Tuscarora Indians as a case study, I take a new look at the role of refugee Indian groups in the construction of colonial frontiers and examine the ways that Indians thrown together from varying regional and cultural backgrounds wrestled with questions of collective identity. Although the Tuscaroras had once been eastern North Carolina's most influential Indian nation, after devastating military defeat, in the words of one contemporary, they "scattered as the wind scatters smoke." Some remained in North Carolina where they resided uneasily on the periphery of a plantation society and saw their lives restructured as "tributaries" of that colony. A few moved to South Carolina where they found employment as mercenaries, working to buy back enslaved kin.;Nearly two thousand trekked to Pennsylvania and New York where they settled with the Iroquois, a powerful five-nation confederacy that adopted the newcomers as their "sixth nation." The result of such dispersals was an eighteenth-century backcountry tied together by new bonds of trade, war, diplomacy, and kinship: Indian travelers, often members of displaced nations, constantly visited each other on worn valley paths hidden behind Appalachian ridge lines. at the same time, massive refugee movements that crossed colonial boundaries forced previously insular colonial governments to square off in either cooperation or competition in implementing frontier policies.;This study is the first detailed examination of the Tuscaroras and a provocative case study in the interrelations between migration, culture, and politics.
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Thoresen, Stian Ho Yong. "Health care challenges and human resources for health in Thailand : migrations, social and political tensions, and human rights implications." Curtin University of Technology, School of Social Work and Social Policy, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=118405.
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The global shortage of human resources for health and the brain drain of health care professionals exacerbate health care challenges in many small and medium sized economies, including efforts to curb the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This research investigated attitudes, perceptions, and dynamics among health care students and professionals in Thailand related to human resources for health, migration, inequitable distribution between rural and urban areas as well as between the public and private sector, and influences on migration ambitions. This included contemporary social and political parameters. Perceptions and attitudes among health care students and professionals were explored through a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews with health care professionals. Additional interviews with key-informants encapsulated contemporary events, dynamics, adversities, and challenges specific to the Thai context. It is argued that both the right to health care and health care professionals’ right to free movement must be protected and upheld. This research adds to the knowledge and insight into the specific health care challenges in Thailand and reflections upon the sustainability of the health care system; both in light of these health care challenges and the principles of sustainability as proposed by The World Commission on Environment and Development, the Brundtland Report (1990). It will enhance the scope from which health care, manpower expansion, and reform is pursued. Any approach to stem the exodus of health care professionals must recognise the rights of all stakeholders, including health care professionals and health care consumers, and all stakeholders must be engaged in the pursuit of sustainable health care through the principles of sustainable development and global sustainability.
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Langlois, Lise. "Reproduction sociale à l'Île d'Orléans stratégies, transmission du patrimoine et migrations sous le régime français." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21783.pdf.
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Pei, Qing, and 裴卿. "Climate change and human migration in historical China over the past two millennia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196430.
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Barbarán, Francisco R., and Humberto Arias. "Human migrations in quebrada del Toro (Rosario de Lerma Department, Salta Province). Period 1947-2001." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119406.
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Using census information, we verified that quebrada del Toro’s population diminished 35% between 1980 and 2001. In Rosario de Lerma Department, the rural population was 75% in 1947 and 25% in 2001. Considering urban inhabitants, that percentage was exactly the opposite. The weak productive structure and the isolation promote the emigration. On the other hand, the Indian claims for lands, show that not everybody wants to leave. So, it is necessary the implementation of development projects, using the renewable natural resources in a sustainable way, within viable economic and social objectives.A través de información censal, verificamos que la población de la quebrada del Toro disminuyó el 35% entre 1980 y 2001. En el departamento Rosario de Lerma, la población rural paso de representar el 75% del total en 1947 al 25% en 2001, ocurriendo lo inverso con la población urbana. La estructura productiva precaria y el aislamiento, promueven la emigración. Los reclamos indígenas por la propiedad de la tierra indican que no todos quieren emigrar. Por lo tanto es necesario, implementar proyectos de desarrollo que contemplen el uso sostenible de los recursos naturales, dentro de objetivos económicos y sociales viables.
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Breurec, Sébastien. "Helicobacter pylori : migrations humaines et cancer gastrique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649643.
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Helicobacter pylori est associée à des pathologies gastro-duodénales sévères mais est également un marqueur bactérien de migrations humaines. Nous avons montré que des populations génétiques distinctes de H. pylori ont accompagné au moins quatre migrations en Asie du sud-est et en Océanie : i) une expansion des ancêtres des austronésiens il y a 5000 ans à partir de Taiwan en Océanie, ii) une migration d'Inde en Asie du sud-est depuis 2000 ans,iii) une migration des ancêtres des locuteurs des langues austro-asiatiques au Vietnam et auCambodge il y a 4000 ans, i) une migration des ancêtres des Thaïs du sud de la Chine vers l'actuelle Thaïlande au début du second millénaire. Ces données confirment la résolution plus élevée de la diversité génétique de H. pylori pour retracer les anciennes migrations humaines par comparaison aux marqueurs génétiques humains traditionnels. Nous avons ensuite investigué les facteurs de virulence de souches isolées de patients présentant des symptômes gastriques au Sénégal et au Cambodge. Au Sénégal, une association significative a été observée entre le cancer gastrique et le gène cagA, deux motifs EPIYA-C et l'allèle vacA s1. De multiples segments EPIYA-C étaient observés moins fréquemment que dans les autres régions du monde, contribuant probablement à la faible incidence du cancer gastrique. Au Cambodge, une introgression fréquente d'allèles cagA et vacA européens dans des souches d'Asie de l'est a été observée. CagA et VacA ayant des effets antagonistes, cette expansion pourrait entraîner la rupture de l'équilibre entre les effets biologiques de ces deux protéines et être responsable de conséquences graves sur l'évolution de la maladie.
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Jolivet, Anne. "Migrations, santé et soins en Guyane." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067997.
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Les liens entre migration et santé sont complexes et les données épidémiologiques sont rares en France et en Guyane. D'une part, la santé peut être un déterminant de la migration et d'autre part la migration peut affecter la santé de ceux qui émigrent.Cette thèse s'appuie sur les résultats de plusieurs enquêtes épidémiologiques conduites en 2009 en Guyane. Les objectifs de cette recherche étaient de mesurer le poids de la santé parmi l'ensemble des déterminants des migrations vers ce territoire et d'analyser l'état de santé et le recours aux soins des populations en fonction de leur statut migratoire. Nous avons mis en évidence que certaines caractéristiques des immigrés (leur pays d'origine), du processus migratoire (la durée de résidence en Guyane) ou des conditions d'accueil en Guyane (le statut juridique sur le territoire français et le statut socio-économique) sont des facteurs qui modulent leur état de santé. Nos résultats sont en faveur de l'hypothèse du " healthy migrant effect ", suggérant que les migrants arrivent sur le territoire en relativement bonne santé. Les personnes en situation irrégulière semblent être les plus vulnérables en matière de santé et cumulent des difficultés d'accès aux soins. Nos résultats montrent enfin que les migrations pour soins ne représentent qu'une minorité des mouvements migratoires vers la Guyane (3,1%). Les politiques de santé publique en Guyane ne semblent pas répondre aux enjeux - ni actuels ni futurs - des besoins de santé et de soins des migrants. De part ses caractéristiques, la Guyane pourrait être un terrain d'expérimentation en matière de politique de santé publique à destination des migrants.
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Do, nascimento Anthony. "Une Histoire de l'émigration, de l'immigration et de la colonisation japonaise au Brésil (1895-1942) : une autre histoire du Japon." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3042.
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L’émigration internationale de la main-d’œuvre japonaise signe ses débuts au commencement de l’ère Meiji (1868-1912), soit en l’an 1868. Quant à elle, l’histoire de l’émigration, de l’immigration et de la colonisation japonaise au Brésil débute en 1908, lorsque le Kasato Maru (« Vapeur Kasato ») quitte le port de Kôbe pour acheminer les premiers immigrés japonais destinés à travailler sur les plantations caféières de l’État du São Paulo. L’objectif de cette thèse est de montrer que du point de ses agents (personnel politique et compagnie de l’émigration notamment), l’émigration, l’immigration et la colonisation japonaise au Brésil étaient vouées à remplir une mission de premier plan dans la construction du Japon dans l’outremer, notamment en participant activement à l’expansion économique de l’Archipel à l’étranger. Elle a pour point de départ un constat établi par Môri Kôichi, selon lequel la migration des travailleurs Japonais au Brésil, et partant dans l’outremer en général, est trop souvent ignorée par l’historiographie japonaise, alors que selon lui elle compte parmi les processus politiques et économiques qui ont favorisé l’émergence de l’Etat-Nation du Japon, depuis les débuts de l’ère Meiji (1868-1912) et au moins jusqu'à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Elle repose sur l’idée mise en avant par Nancy L. Green et François Weil, selon laquelle l’histoire migratoire est majoritairement écrite par les pays d’immigration, alors qu’elle mériterait également d’être traitée par les pays d’émigration, dont les « politiques de départ » élaborées par leurs gouvernements révèlent bien que ceux-ci entendaient associer la double entreprise migratoire et coloniale (de type pacifique et agricole) à la construction nationale – et c’est également le cas, nous le croyons, au Japon. Notre travail emprunte sa méthodologie au cadre des études historiques, et repose essentiellement sur l’analyse des archives diplomatiques du Japon relatives à l’émigration, l’immigration et la colonisation japonaise à l’étranger. D’autres documents d’archives en langues japonaise et portugaise viennent compléter le corpus archivistique constitué à cet effet. La thèse est structurée chronologiquement autour de trois périodes. La première, située entre 1868 et 1908, est dédiée au traitement historique des prémices de l’émigration japonaise, et plus notamment aux processus de négociations qui aboutit à l’entame officielle des liens diplomatiques entre le Japon et le Brésil. La seconde, couvrant les années 1910, traite des débuts de l’immigration, mais aussi de la colonisation agricole japonaise au Brésil. Enfin, la troisième propose un traitement complet des années 1920 et 1930 ; deux décennies déterminantes marquées par la montée du nationalisme brésilien, et au cours de laquelle le gouvernement du Japon reprend le contrôle des processus migratoires grâce à la promulgation d’une politique d’aide et d’encouragement à l’émigration en 1925The Japanese labor emigration is a phenomenon that has occurred as soon as the Meiji Era has been proclaimed, in 1868, when the Archipelago decided to open its doors to the world. Japanese emigration to Brazil began in 1908 when 781 contracted farmers arrived at the port of Santos in the state of São Paulo. The present dissertation aims at showing that emigration, immigration and colonization in Brazil were designed by its main actors (such as politicians and emigration companies) as a mean for the expansion of Japanese economy abroad, and, in that regard, can be considered to have contributed to the nation-building of Japan. This works rests upon a conclusion drew up by Mori Kôichi, who argues that Japanese emigration to Brazil, but also in the whole world, is not much analyzed by Japanese historians, even though, according to him, it appears to have been one of the main process that supported the emergence of Japan’s State, from the very beginning of the Meiji Era (1868-1912) to the eve of World War II. Its premises rest upon the idea that the history of migrations is mainly written by the receiving countries, however it should also be the concern of sending countries, whose “departure policies” revealed that emigration and agrarian colonization were designed to contribute to the sender State-building process – and we believe this was also true for Japan. The present dissertation borrows the methodological framework of historical studies and, for its major part, rests upon the use of Japan’s diplomatic records dealing with the Japanese emigration, immigration and colonization in Brazil from 1895 to 1942. It is chronologically structured around three periods. The first part, from 1868 and 1908, the focuses on the beginning of the Japanese emigration to Brazil, that is the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and Brazil and the organization process of the first departure of Japanese emigrants to Brazil. The second part, from 1908 to 1920, describes the start of both Japanese emigration and Japan’s agricultural colonization in Brazil. The third part finally deals with the Japanese emigration, immigration and colonization during the 1920s and the 1930s; two important decades characterized by the rise of nationalism in Brazil on one hand, and on the other by the active promotion of emigration by Japan’s government, via the implementation of a national policy of emigration in 1925
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Singh, Meghna. "Visualising Human Migrations in Cape Town The story of three ships through ‘time’, ‘space’ and ‘memory’." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31265.
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This practice-led PhD contributes to an understanding of contemporary art practice as a tool to render visible and unravel capitalist imaginaries within the field of migration studies. Focusing on the theme of contemporary and historical migrations at Cape Town through research conducted on three ships between 2013 and 2017, it uses the themes of ‘time’, ‘space’ and ‘memory’ to visualise migrations. The PhD interrogates the hidden process of globalisation; the invisibility of the workings of the port; the invisibility of the workers; their stories and their connection to the movement of capital, and renders them visible through the research. The study is situated at the intersection of migration studies, visual art practices and artistic research methods. Using the methodology of observational filmmaking and the creation of immersive multimedia installations incorporating virtual reality, it borrows from the work of anthropologists like David MacDougall (1998); Michael Taussig (1993); James Clifford (1988); Alyssa Grossman (2013); and Anna Grimshaw and Amanda Ravetz (2005) who make a case for the technique of ‘visualising anthropology’ in the field of ethnographic enquiry. Furthering the case of observational filming as a sensory form of investigation, I draw on the work of film scholar Laura Marks who advocates the phenomenon of “tactile epistemologies” (2000) and Doug Aitkens whose creations of split narrative videos illustrate the immersive experience I seek to achieve in my creative outputs. The central argument of this study is that an experience of research, conducted through the medium of observational filmmaking and presented via immersive video installations, creates visibility, empathy and an understanding of situations through corporeal embodiment, adding to the field of visual art and migration research.
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Nakamura, Toshio, Kei Kawai, Hiroshi Moriwaki, Mitsuru Okuno, Toshiyuki Fujiki, 俊夫 中村, 渓. 河合, 広. 森脇, 充. 奥野, and 利之 藤木. "クック諸島ラロトンガ島カレカレ湿地の花粉分析." 名古屋大学年代測定資料研究センター, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20166.
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Pont, Chafer Maria Jose. "We, the People of the Yam : A History of Crops, Labour and Wealth from the Periphery of Ghana." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0056.
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Cette thèse porte sur l'histoire de la production et des marchés de l'igname au Ghana du 20e siècle à nos jours. Elle explore les changements dans l'économie du Ghana du point de vue des marchés domestiques ainsi que les différences et les similitudes entre ces marchés et les marchés internationaux. L'histoire de l'igname offre de nouvelles perspectives sur l'histoire de l'agriculture de l'Afrique de l'Ouest par rapport à l'arrivée de cultures vivrières provenant d'autres continents et sur l'histoire du travail et des migrations par rapport au plus important développement des cultures commerciales du continent : le cacaoThis thesis addresses the history of yam production and markets in Ghana from the 20th century to the present. It explores the changes in the economy of Ghana from the point of view of domestic markets as well as the differences and similitudes between them and the international markets. The history of yams provides new perspectives on the agricultural history of West Africa in relation to the arrival of food crops from other continents and on the history of labour and migrations in relation to the most important cash-crop revolution of the continent: the development of cocoa
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Hirai, Tadashi. "Human development : history, concept and measurement." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609371.
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Foulds, Abigail. "BUYING A COLONIAL DREAM: THE ROLE OF LIFESTYLE MIGRANTS IN THE GENTRIFICATION OF THE HISTORIC CENTER OF GRANADA, NICARAGUA." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/18.
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This dissertation aims to expand our understanding of how lifestyle migrants from the Global North impact the urban space of a Global South city, particularly the built environment. In order to situate the questions posed in this dissertation, I focus on how lifestyle migrants from the Global North and their foreign capital transform the city of Granada, Nicaragua through processes of gentrification, and how the social and economic climate of the city and its residents are impacted. This research allows for empirically informed theoretical critiques to be made about the economic and social implications of the globalization of gentrification resulting from heterogeneous lifestyle migration.
The property markets in many Global North locations, most notably the US, have pushed lifestyle migrants to look abroad; gentrification has gone international, spreading to the Global South. For reasons such as affordability and proximity to the US and Canada, many Global North property-buyers are looking to the colonial historic city center of Granada, Nicaragua as a site for relocation and investment. These migrants are purchasing and remodeling colonial-style homes as part of a broader transformation of the historic center to cater to international tourism and elite consumption.
Many lifestyle migrants involved in the gentrification processes occurring in Granada are choosing transnational lifestyles by maintaining citizenship in their home countries, and simultaneously engaging in economic and social relationships in both Nicaragua and their home (or other) countries. The advantages that accompany their positions as migrants from the Global North greatly affect the lifestyle migrants’ roles in the transformation of the city, regardless of their own personal social and economic status at home. Many lifestyle migrants embrace a role of economic and social developers, and often enact a racist and neocolonialist understanding of the Nicaraguan people and culture as needing “improvement”. Lifestyle migrants are generally able to benefit from capital accumulated in Global North markets and their Global North citizen status enables them to live a mobile, transnational lifestyle. Such economic and mobility opportunities are unavailable for many Nicaraguans, further exacerbating the inequalities between local Nicaraguan residents and privileged lifestyle migrants.
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Nikita, Efthymia. "The Garamantes of Fazzān : bioarchaeological evaluation of desert-induced stress and Late Holocene human migrations through the Sahara." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283877.
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Demeter, Fabrice. "Histoire du peuplement humain de l'Asie extrême-orientale depuis le pléitocène supérieur récent." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010697.
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Cette thèse traite de l'homme moderne en Asie extrême-orientale, depuis le pléistocène supérieur récent, à partir de 65 000 ans. Nous proposons ici un modèle de peuplement humain de la région à partir de l'étude de fossiles, dont certains sont inédits. En effet, des pièces mises au jour notamment au Cambodge, au Laos et au Viet-Nam au début du siècle et dans les années 30 par des chercheurs français, avaient été oubliées par la communauté scientifique. Certains fossiles d'Asie extrême-orientale, conservés au laboratoire d'anthropologie biologique du museum national d'histoire naturelle à Paris, nous ont amené à en inaugurer l'étude et à lancer un programme de datation 14c. Les résultats de ces datations montrent que des pièces qui avaient été attribuées aux époques modernes par leurs découvreurs appartiennent en fait au pléistocène supérieur et au début de l'holocène. En outre, lorsque les données bibliographiques sont suffisantes, nous avons pu faire l'inventaire de l'industrie lithique associée aux fossiles humains. Pour mener à bien ce travail, nous avons poursuivi deux objectifs. Le premier objectif s'attache à définir la façon dont ce peuplement humain s'est produit, c'est-à-dire qu'il précise s'il a été continu ou non, à partir d'un ou de plusieurs centres regionaux. Pour ce faire, nous prenons pour référence une série de 100 hommes modernes d'Asie extrême-orientale, conservés au laboratoire d'anthropologie biologique du musée de l'homme à Paris, et relevons 118 variables du calvarium. Ensuite, après avoir relevé les mêmes variables sur la série d'hommes fossiles, composée de 86 individus, nous mettons en évidence leurs caractéristiques morphologiques et biométriques par l'analyse multivariée du calvarium de 45 sujets au moyen de la classification hiérarchique ascendante (CHA). Par ailleurs, l'analyse qualitative des fossiles permet de conclure à l'existence, chez certains sujets du site deTtarn Hang au Laos, d'une avulsion des incisives supérieures latérales. Les cinq fossiles concernés attestent que cette pratique, probablement culturelle, que l'on ne retrouve, seulement vers 7 000 ans, que chez certaines populations d'Asie extreme-orientale et d'Océanie, existait déjà il y a au moins 15 000 ans au Laos. Le second objectif de ce travail consiste à analyser les conditions environnementales particulières que l'homme a rencontrées, dans cette region.
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Salitan, Laurie P. "An analysis of Soviet Jewish emigration in the 1970s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f984e4b9-f578-4ee9-89d5-b26a65cca29b.
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Domestic, not foreign affairs drove Soviet policy on Jewish emigration during the period of 1968-1989. This study challenges the prevailing view that fluctuating levels of exit from the USSR were correlated to the climate of relations between the USA and the USSR. The analysis also considers Soviet-German emigration for comparative perspective. Extensive historical background, with special emphasis on Soviet nationality policy is provided.
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Pierre, Tracey Lynn. "mtDNA variation of Canadian Athapaskan populations : the Southern Athapaskan migration." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252182.
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Perinetti, Dario. "Hume, history and the science of human nature." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38509.
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This thesis sets out to show that a philosophical reflection on history is, in the strongest possible way, an essential feature of Hume's project of a science of human nature: a philosophical investigation of human nature, for Hume, cannot be successful independently of an understanding of the relation of human beings to their history. Hume intended to criticize traditional metaphysics by referring all knowledge to experience. But it is almost always assumed that Hume means by "experience" the result of an individual's past sense perception or personal observation. Accordingly, Hume's criticism of traditional metaphysics is taken to lead to an individualistic conception of knowledge and human nature. In this thesis I claim that this picture of Hume's "empiricism" is simply wrong. He is not a philosopher who reduces "experience" to the merely private happenings within a personal psychology. On the contrary, Hume has a wider notion of experience, one that includes not only personal observation and memory, but, fundamentally, one that includes implicit knowledge of human history. Experience, so understood, brings about what I term a historical point of view, namely, the point of view of someone who seeks to extend his experience as far as it is possible in order to acquire the capacity to produce more nuanced and impartial judgments in any given practice. It is precisely this historical point of view that enables us to depart from the individualistic perspective that we would otherwise be bound to adopt not only in epistemology but, most significantly, in politics, in social life, in religion, etc.Chapter 1 presents the historical background against which Hume elaborates his views of history's role in philosophy. Chapter 2 discusses and criticizes the individualist reading of Hume by showing that he had a satisfactory account of beliefs formed via human testimony. Chapter 3 presents a view of Hume on explanation that underscores his interest in practical and informal explanations as those of history. Chapter 4 provides a discussion of Hume's notion of historical experience in relation both to his theory of perception and to his project of a "science of man."
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Sefcek, Jon Adam. "A Life-History Model of Human Fitness Indicators." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194693.
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Recent adaptationist accounts of human mental and physical health have reinvigorated the debate over the evolution of human intelligence. In the tradition of strong inference the current study was developed to determine which hypothesis; Rushton’s (2000) differential K theory, or Miller’s (2000a) fitness indicator model (F), better accounts for general intelligence ('g') in an undergraduate university population (N = 194). Due to the lengthy administration time of the test materials a newly developed 18-item short form of the Ravens Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM-18; Sefcek, Miller, & Figueredo, 2007) was used. There was a significant positive relationship between K and F (r = .31, p < .001), however no significant relationships were found between 'g' and either K or F (for each, r = -.06, p ≥ .05). While contrary to both hypotheses, these results may be explained in relation to antagonistic pleiotropy and a potential failure to derive within species comparisons directly from between species comparisons.
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Daskalaki, Evangelia. "Archaeological Genetics - Approaching Human History through DNA Analysis." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Evolutionsbiologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-211156.
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There are a variety of archaeological questions, which are difficult to assess by traditional archaeological methods. Similarly, there are genetic and population genetic questions about human evolution and migration that are difficult to assess by studying modern day genetic variation. Archaeological genetics can directly study the archaeological remains, allowing human history to be explored by means of genetics, and genetics to be expanded into historical and pre-historical times. Examples of archaeological questions that can be resolved by genetics are determining biological sex on archaeological remains and exploring the kinship or groups buried in close proximity. Another example is one of the most important events in human prehistory – the transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to farming - was driven through the diffusion of ideas or with migrating farmers. Molecular genetics has the potential to contribute in answering all these questions as well as others of similar nature. However, it is essential that the pitfalls of ancient DNA, namely fragmentation, damage and contamination are handled during data collection and data analysis. Analyses of ancient DNA presented in this thesis are based on both mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA through the study of single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs). I used pyrosequencing assays in order to identify the biological sex of archaeological remains as well as verifying if fragmented remains were human or from animal sources. I used a clonal assay approach in order to retrieve sequences for the HVRI of a small family-like burial constellation from the Viking age. By the use of low coverage shotgun sequencing I retrieved sequence data from 13 crew members from the 17th century Swedish man-of-war Kronan. This data was used to determine the ancestry of the crew, which in some cases was speculated to be of non-Scandinavian or non-European origin. However, I demonstrate that all individuals were of European ancestry. Finally, I retrieved sequence data from a Neolithic farmer from the Iberian Peninsula, which added one more facet of information in exploring the Neolithization process of Europe. The Neolithic Iberian individual was genetically similar to Scandinavian Neolithic farmers, indicating that the genetic variation of prehistoric Europe correlated with subsistence mode rather than with geography.
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Bunting, M. J. "Environmental history and human impact in Orkney, Scotland." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271916.
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Derigond, Solenne. "Migrations nordestines et réinvention de la littérature de cordel au Brésil." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20032.
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L’étude vise à comprendre le dynamisme de la littérature de cordel tant au niveau de sa production que de sa transmission et de ses partenariats avec les institutions culturelles du pays depuis le tournant du XXIe siècle. Elle prend le parti d’étudier ce mouvement à partir du phénomène des migrations nordestines qui ont jalonné tout le XXe siècle et continuent, à moindre mesure, d’affluer au XXIe siècle vers la ville de São Paulo. Pour ce faire, elle engage une analyse littéraire de six folhetos écrits entre 1977 et 2013 par des poètes ayant migrés à São Paulo et complète les récits poétiques par leur témoignage et celui de professionnels partenaires de la littérature de cordel grâce à l’usage de la méthode d’histoire orale. C’est une étude interdisciplinaire qui d’un côté, explore la figure et le récit créatif du poète-migrant, Être à la poétique de l’inter, marqué par le déplacement physique qui arpente des territoires imaginaires transfrontaliers ; et de l’autre, elle étudie l’historicité de la littérature de cordel de ces trente dernières années à la lumière des phénomènes de la postmodernité – accélération et augmentation des échanges, globalisation, nouveaux moyens, lieux, formes d’expression et de conception de l’identité - par le biais des récits de la mémoire et des représentations contenues tant dans les folhetos que dans celui des entretiens d’histoire orale. Ainsi, on découvre que le folheto, support d’un métalangage, peut être lui-même, porteur d’un projet identitaire élaboré et transmis par les poètes depuis le début du XXIe siècleThe study aims to understand the dynamism of cordel literature both in terms of its production transmission ; its partnerships with the country's cultural institutions since the turn of the twenty-first century. It takes the party to study this movement from the Nordeste migration phenomenon that marked the twentieth century and continues to lesser extent, to pour the twenty-first century to the city of Sao Paulo. In order to accomplish such study, a literary analysis of six folhetos written between 1977 and 2013 by poets who migrated to São Paulo was undertook, and the poetic narratives by their testimony and that of professional partners of the cordel literature through the use of the oral history method was completed. It is an interdisciplinary study that, on the one hand, explores the figure and the creative narrative of the poet-migrant, Being in the poetics of the inter, marked by the physical displacement that crosses trans-border imaginary territories. On the other hand, it studies the historicity of the cordel literature of the last thirty years in the light of the phenomena of postmodernity - acceleration and increase of exchanges, globalization, new means, places, forms of expression and conception of identity - through narratives of memory and representations contained in both folhetos and oral history interviews.Thus, we discover that folheto, the support of a metalanguage, can itself be the bearer of an identity project elaborated and transmitted by poets since the beginning of the 21st century
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McLeman, Robert Andrew. "A management strategy for potential human population movements as a result of climate change." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14040190.
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Zerjal, Tatiana. "Human genetic variation from a Y-chromosomal perspective." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249177.
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Wilson, James F. "Human population structure and demographic history using genetic markers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5a4844ff-9347-44b5-999e-64ce5025006f.
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The evolutionary history of the human species has generated complex patterns of population structure and linkage disequilibrium (non-random associations of alleles at different loci or LD). The understanding of these patterns is crucial to two of the most important challenges facing biomedical science today: the identification of disease predisposing genes and prediction of variable drug reactions. The genetic variation revealed by these endeavours can also illuminate the underlying population historical processes. Here, I illustrate each of these applications: first, by assessing the demographic context of cultural change in the British Isles. Y chromosome variation indicates that the Viking age invasions left a significant paternal legacy (at least in Orkney), while the Neolithic and Iron Age cultural transitions did not. In contrast, mitochondrial DNA and X chromosome variation indicate that one or more of these pre-Anglo-Saxon revolutions had a major effect on the maternal genetic heritage of the British Isles. Second, I provide conclusive evidence that diverse demographic histories produce strikingly different patterns of association. Elevated LD extends an order of magnitude further in the Lemba, a Bantu-Semitic hybrid population, than in the putative parental populations. A significant relationship between allele-frequency differentials in the parental populations and the Lemba LD demonstrates that it is admixture-generated. Third, I demonstrate that the genetic structure inferred in a heterogeneous sample using neutral markers (a) shows ethnic labels to be inaccurate descriptions of human population structure, and (b) predicts drug metabolising profiles, defined by the distribution of drug metabolising enzyme variants. Thus the trade-off between therapeutic response and adverse drug reactions will differ between different sub-clusters. Assessment of genetic structure during drug trials is therefore, like the empirical evaluation of each population’s pattern of LD, a necessity.
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Siska, Veronika. "Human population history and its interplay with natural selection." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284164.
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The complex demographic changes that underlie the expansion of anatomically modern humans out of Africa have important consequences on the dynamics of natural selection and our ability to detect it. In this thesis, I aimed to refine our knowledge on human population history using ancient genomes, and then used a climate-informed, spatially explicit framework to explore the interplay between complex demographies and selection. I first analysed a high-coverage genome from Upper Palaeolithic Romania from ~37.8 kya, and demonstrated an early diversification of multiple lineages shortly after the out-of-Africa expansion (Chapter 2). I then investigated Late Upper Palaeolithic (~13.3ky old) and Mesolithic (~9.7 ky old) samples from the Caucasus and a Late Upper Palaeolithic (~13.7ky old) sample from Western Europe, and found that these two groups belong to distinct lineages that also diverged shortly after the out of Africa, ~45-60 ky ago (Chapter 3). Finally, I used East Asian samples from ~7.7ky ago to show that there has been a greater degree of genetic continuity in this region compared to Europe (Chapter 4). In the second part of my thesis, I used a climate-informed, spatially explicit demographic model that captures the out-of-Africa expansion to explore natural selection. I first investigated whether the model can represent the confounding effect of demography on selection statistics, when applied to neutral part of the genome (Chapter 5). Whilst the overlap between different selection statistics was somewhat underestimated by the model, the relationship between signals from different populations is generally well-captured. I then modelled natural selection in the same framework and investigated the spatial distribution of two genetic variants associated with a protective effect against malaria, sickle-cell anaemia and β⁰ thalassemia (Chapter 6). I found that although this model can reproduce the disjoint ranges of different variants typical of the former, it is incompatible with overlapping distributions characteristic of the latter. Furthermore, our model is compatible with the inferred single origin of sickle-cell disease in most regions, but it can not reproduce the presence of this disorder in India without long-distance migrations.
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Chilà, Roxane. "Une cour à l'épreuve de la conquête : la société curiale et Naples, capitale d'Alphonse le Magnanime (1416-1458)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30074/document.
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Ma thèse porte sur l'entourage institutionnel d'Alphonse le Magnanime en Italie méridionale, suite à la conquête de Naples par ce roi d'Aragon en 1442. Il s'agit de proposer une étude approfondie d'un groupe social et de l'institution curiale. L'hôtel royal a fait l'objet d'ordonnances en Aragon en 1344 sous le règne de Pierre IV. Mais l'arrivée sur le trône aragonais des Trastamare en 1412, avec l'élection de Ferdinand Ier, le père d'Alphonse le Magnanime, puis la conquête par ce dernier du Regno, pose la question des transformations de cette institution. La principale est l'interruption de la tradition des ordonnances, qui prive l'historien de sources normatives pour l'étude de cette période de bouleversements. La cour est restée jusqu'à présent un point aveugle de l'historiographie de la dynastie et de cet État impérial et composite qu'est la couronne d'Aragon au XVe siècle, alors qu'elle en est le rouage administratif essentiel.Les officiers appartenant à la société curiale sont présentés comme un ensemble cohérent du point de vue national et sociologique par les chroniques napolitaines. De plus, l'historiographie extrêmement fragmentée des Aragonais de Naples reproduit les puissants clivages régionaux contemporains entre les entités qui composaient la couronne d'Aragon au XVe siècle. En conséquence, l'entourage d'origine ibérique des rois de Naples n'a fait l'objet que de quelques travaux partiels, adoptant un filtre régional. Au-delà de la cour, il importe aussi de saisir ce groupe dans le contexte de migration massive depuis le royaume d'Aragon vers le le royaume de Naples. Nombreux sont les migrants qui appartiennent aux élites administratives ou marchandes ; ils ont des liens forts avec l'institution domestique, comme le révèle l'étude des réseaux sociaux dans lesquels ils sont insérés. Mais d'autres individus, d'origine sociale plus modeste, affluent également à Naples à partir de la conquête du Magnanime.L'arrivée à Naples et l'installation en ville des officiers curiaux et de ceux qui arrivent dans le sillage du roi et de ses armées pose la question de leur insertion en ville et dans la société politique de la capitale italienne. La migration au service du prince est-elle constitutive d'une quelconque solidarité ou identité ? Selon quelles modalités ces élites migrantes tissent-elles des relations avec les Napolitains ? On constate que le roi incarne une figure médiatrice indispensable au dialogue entre les différentes composantes politiques et sociale de la capitale, tandis que les Catalans accèdent difficilement à la citoyenneté. Ils sont regroupés dans les quartiers bas de la ville, en dehors des circonscriptions administratives disposant d'une représentation politique.L'enquête mobilise des sources diverses : documentation normative inédite, chroniques, production des humanistes stipendiés par le Magnanime, correspondances d'ambassadeurs et registres de la chancellerie conservés à l'Archivo de la Corona de Aragón à Barcelone. La démarche fondamentale de ce travail réside dans le repérage des individus concernés, selon les principes éprouvés de la prosopographie. L'analyse diachronique des données obtenues permet d'apporter des éléments significatifs à l'histoire du premier roi aragonais de Naples, et au règne contesté de son successeur Ferrante. Cette étude sociale et institutionnelle révise en profondeur les approches locales marquant habituellement l'historiographie de la couronne d'Aragon et de Naples, en révélant les usages politiques et militaires de la société curiale, combien la culture politique aragonaise influe sur la pratique du nouveau roi et le tournant démographique et économique que cette période a représenté pour la capitale méridionaleThis PhD dissertation focuses on institutional and social aspects of a 15th century court, the court of Alfonso the Magnanimous, king of Aragon and Naples, between 1416 and 1458. The household of Aragon's kings regulated by court ordinances, the last ones being promulgated in 1344. Since this date, a change of dynasty and the conquest of the Kingdom of Naples has deeply affected the institutional structure of the court and the government's practices chosen by King Alfonso. Moreover, there are no longer court ordinances, and consequently, its structure has been neglected by historical research. In order to fill this gap, this dissertation studies the royal household using documentation issued by the royal chancellery, which provides useful data, showing how the Aragonese household is also the beating heart of the royal administration. As Pietro Corrao described it, the Aragonese household is an efficient “household system of government”.After the conquest of southern Italy, their Italians contemporaries consider the royal officers who came with king Alphonso as a hole (they call them “the Catalans”), but an in-depth study shows that they come from different regions and social background. Their massive arrival in Naples after many years of war for the kingdom caused tensions and xenophobia among the Italians. The royal officers settled down in the harbour neighbourhood, under the royal jurisdiction, whereas the Neapolitan nobility and people lives in the upper city, under the city's jurisdiction. This social and political gap leave its mark upon the failed process of urban integration of the newcomers. However, Alfonso uses his capital city as his favourite stage in order to show himself as an up to date Renaissance king, and display many ceremonial events. His antiquity-inspired triumph is the most famous example of this practice.Career analysis applied to Aragonese officials underlines how they had poor futures prospects in the household hierarchy, but also real opportunities to obtain financial reward and above all a very protective legal status. Indeed every member of Alfonso's household enjoys the legal privilege of being under the seneschal's jurisdiction only. The king may choose to additionally grand this privilege to anyone, through the titles of “counsellors” and “familiars”, the later title being lesser than the first.Since the destruction of the medieval archives in Naples during World War II, many of the sources of this work are from Spanish archives that hold Aragonese royal documents, mainly in Barcelona and Valencia. The ancient humanistic historiography about king Alfonso and letters from diplomatic envoys sent in Naples also provided many information, that have been analysed using prosopographical methods. This data supplies many new facts and allows social analysis, which both contribute to deepen our understanding of the history of the Crown of Aragon and the Kingdom of Naples
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Weber, Jerry Dean. "The Concept of Human Nature in New England." W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625414.
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Peresztegi, Agnes. "Compensation for human rights violations against Hungarian Jewry." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20543.
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There is no comprehensive monograph dealing with the complex legal issues of compensation for the damage done to European Jews by the Nazi regime. The purpose of this thesis is to set forth and analyze the political and legislative means employed by the Hungarian Government to settle human rights claims brought by Hungarian Jewish citizens and Jewish organizations arising from Hungarian legislation discriminating against Jews, and from the nationalization and confiscation of property by the former communist regime in Hungary. The thesis also examines the German compensation system as it applies to Hungarian Jewish citizens.
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Rygiel, Philippe. "Une impossible tâche? L'institut de droit international et la régulation des migrations internationales 1870-1920." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657654.
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C'est avant 1914, au sein de l'institut de droit international que s'élaborent et se discutent les questions qui ont trait à la régulation internationale des migrations. Les juristes et diplomates qui s'y retrouvent tentent d'y définir les traits des politiques migratoires et des politiques de l'asile qui ont cours en un Occident souvent confondu avec l'Europe. Ils se prononcent parfois aussi sur ce que devraient être celles-ci. L'étude de ce personnel, des débats poursuivis en ce cadre nous permet de saisir en son origine l'idée d'une régulation internationale des migrations et les premières tentatives qu'elle nourrit, portées par un milieu de juristes libéraux dont les propositions, qui ne ne sont plus guère d'actualité après la première guerre mondiale, ressurgissent parfois aujourd'hui.
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Adams, E., and Jamie Branam Kridler. "A History of Socials Welfare in America." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5850.
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Mattar, Marina Rocchi Martins. "Migrações Ambientais, Direitos Humanos e o Caso dos Pequenos Países Insulares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/101/101131/tde-17072013-142432/.
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O deslocamento humano causado por efeitos climáticos adversos é, e tem sido por muito tempo, uma estratégia natural de adaptação à variação do meio ambiente. Contudo, estudos prevêem que a frequência de desastres naturais e o impacto negativo da mudança climática no meio ambiente têm aumentado consideravelmente e poderão forçar dezenas, ou talvez centenas, de milhares de pessoas a deixar suas casas - e, em alguns casos, seus países - nas próximas décadas. O direito internacional carece de instrumentos que garantam a proteção das diferentes categorias de migrações ambientais. O presente estudo busca analisar o impacto das alterações ambientais nas dinâmicas de migração e explorar suas implicações políticas e jurídicas. Pretende-se assim, contextualizar o fenômeno no período recente e analisar sua complexidade, buscando identificar as principais variáveis que explicam as hipóteses centrais deste estudo, quais sejam, as de que é improvável que os Estados aceitem se comprometer a um tratado global vinculante sobre migrações ambientais no curto e médio espaços de tempo e, por se tratar de um assunto sobre o qual ainda está longe de se chegar a um consenso e considerando que diversas pessoas já estão sendo forçadas a migrar por causa de alterações ambientais e não podem esperar que um instrumento específico seja criado para que seus direitos fundamentais sejam protegidos, acordos regionais e bilaterais e uma coordenação interagências baseada em um guia de princípios trariam resultados mais imediatos e atenderiam as necessidades específicas de cada comunidade em relação aos direitos humanos. Tais hipóteses serão posteriormente testadas pelo estudo de caso desta pesquisa.The human displacement caused by adverse weather conditions is, and has been for a long time, a natural strategy to adapt to environmental changes. However, studies predict that, the frequency of natural disasters and the negative impact of climate change have increased significantly and will lead tens, and perhaps hundreds, of thousands of people to flee their homes - and, in some cases, their countries - in the coming decades. International law lacks instruments to guarantee the protection of various categories of environmental migration. This study aims at analyzing the impact of environmental changes in the dynamics of migration and exploring the legal and political implications. Thus, the intention is to contextualize the phenomenon and explore its complexity, seeking to identify the key variables that explain the central hypothesis of this study that it is unlikely that States commit themselves to accept a binding international treaty on environmental migration in the short and medium-term, and considering that environmental migration is a subject far from reaching a consensus and that many people are already being forced to migrate due to environmental changes and can not wait for the creation of a specific instrument so that their fundamental rights are protected, regional and bilateral agreements, and interagency coordination based on guiding principles would bring more immediate results and would meet the specific needs of each community in relation to human rights. These hypotheses are then tested by the case study of this research.
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Solé, Morata Neus 1988. "Inferring recent human population history from a Y chromosome perspective." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/543846.
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The Y chromosome is the longest non-recombining DNA sequence of the human genome. This avoidance of recombination, together with its paternal inheritance, makes the Y chromosome a powerful tool with which to study population history, male genealogy, forensics and medical genetics. Besides the progress made in the field during the last two decades, the recent advent of massive parallel sequencing (MPS) has yielded the discovery of thousands of new variants that have allowed to build a more reliable phylogeny and to obtain direct estimates of its mutation rate. In the present thesis, I analyse the Y-chromosome diversity from two different perspectives and with different purposes. First, by targeting specific SNPs and STRs in ~ 2,500 men bearing one of the selected 50 Catalan surnames, we investigated the driving forces behind the origin, systematization, and diffusion of surnames. And then, by using whole Y-chromosome sequences from North African individuals belonging to the most frequent lineage in the area (E-M183), we have been able to refine the phylogeography of this lineage and to shed light on the controversial dates for its origin and spread.El comportament únic del cromosoma Y, heretat per via paterna sense patir recombinació amb cap altre cromosoma, el converteix en un marcador excepcional amb aplicacions en àmbits com la genètica de poblacions humanes, la genealogia o la genètica forense. Tot i el progrés en l’estudi del cromosoma Y realitzat en les últimes dues dècades, el recent desenvolupament de les tecnologies de seqüenciació massiva ha permès el descobriment de milers de noves variants, mitjançant les quals s’ha obtingut una millor reconstrucció filogenètica, així com una estimació directa de la seva taxa de mutació. En aquesta tesi s’analitza la diversitat del cromosoma Y des de dues perspectives diferents i amb els següents propòsits. En primer lloc, mitjançant el genotipat de marcadors específics del cromosoma Y en ~2500 homes portadors d’un dels 50 cognoms catalans escollits, s’han investigat els processos que han donat lloc a l’origen, la sistematització i la difusió dels cognoms. Per altra banda, la seqüenciació de cromosomes Y en homes nord africans pertanyents al llinatge més freqüent en aquesta àrea (E-M183), ha permès un refinament de l’estructura filogeogràfica d’aquest llinatge, així com l’establiment temporal del seu origen i dispersió.
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Melé, Messeguer Marta. "Incorporating recombination into the study of recent human evolutionary history." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/22684.
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En aquest treball es pretén utilitzar la informació que deixa la recombinació al nostres genomes per fer inferències sobre la història evolutiva recent de les poblacions humanes. Per fer-ho, s’ha desenvolupat un mètode novedós, anomenat IRiS, que permet la detecció de recombinacions antigues específiques en un conjunt de seqüències. Hem validat extensivament IRiS i l'hem sotmès a diferents escenaris per tal d’avaluar-ne l’ eficàcia. Un cop els events de recombinació són detectats, es poden utilitzar com a marcadors genètics per estudiar els patrons de diversitat de les poblacions humanes. Finalment, hem aplicat aquesta innovadora aproximació a un conjunt de poblacions humanes del Vell Món, que varen ser genotipades específicament amb aquesta finalitat, aportant nous coneixements en la història evolutiva recent dels humansThe aim of this work is to use the information left by recombination in our genomes to make inferences on the recent evolutionary history of human populations. For that, a novel method called IRiS has been developed that allows detecting specific past recombination events in a set of extant sequences. IRiS is extensively validated and studied in whole set of different scenarios in order to assess its performance. Once recombination events are detected, they can be used as genetic markers to study the recombinational diversity patterns of human populations. We apply this innovative approach to a whole set of different human populations within the Old World that were specifically genotyped for this end and we provide new insights in the recent human evolutionary history of our species.
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Lomax, Tim Matthew. "Holocene vegetation history and human impact in Western Lewis, Scotland." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529393.
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Whitfield, Liam Simon. "The evolutionary history of SRY and the human Y chromosome." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264504.
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Southgate, Nicholas Charles James. "Personal identity and human animals : a new history and theory." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4537/.
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The contemporary personal identity debate has divided into two entrenched positions. One supports the supposedly naive and unpopular Bodily Criterion (the view that personal identity requires physical continuity). The other school is the Psychological Criterion (the view that personal identity requires psychological continuity). This has acquired the status of virtual orthodoxy. The British Empiricists, John Locke and David Hume, are both supposed to give historical weight to this orthodoxy. This thesis argues this is a dramatic misrepresentation of history. Locke is supposed to found the personal identity debate in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, arguing that personal identity is sameness of consciousness. It is argued that Locke in fact responds to a prevalent Cartesian View, called here the Compositional Account. The Compositional Account is the belief that a Human Being is composed of a Mind and a Body. Hume, in responding to Locke, is also responding to the Compositional Account. In opposition to widely established readings both philosophers are argued to be highly sympathetic to the Compositional Account. Chapter 1 establishes Descartes' version of the Compositional Account and explains why Descartes needs no philosophical treatment of personal identity. These problems emerge only for the Empiricists, Locke and Hume. Locke's sympathies for the Compositional Account are established in Chapter 2, drawing on material prior to the Essay and normally uncited passages in the Essay. Chapter 3 argues that Hume presumed the Compositional Account in his Treatise Concerning Human Nature. This is argued to explain Hume's famous later recantation of his theory. The thesis concludes by sketching a role for the Compositional Account in contemporary debate. The Compositional Account is argued to give strong support to a recently developed position known as Animalism. This provides the conceptual materials to move beyond the orthodox dichotomy between the Bodily Criterion and the Psychological Criterion.
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Borges, Carla Débora Gonçalves. "Interaction of human foraging behaviour and prey life-history traits." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/774.
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Mestrado em Ecologia, Biodiversidade e Gestão de EcossistemasO presente trabalho propõe-se divulgar a pesquisa passada e recente no âmbito das consequências da exploração de recursos costeiros pelo homem na biologia das espécies alvo e na comunidade onde estas estão inseridas. A ênfase das pesquisas aqui apresentadas recai principalmente sobre moluscos bentónicos e lapas em particular, dada a ocorrência de protandria (mudança de sexo de macho para fêmea ao longo do ciclo de vida) em algumas das espécies usadas como recurso alimentar. Questões relacionadas modos de reprodução, hermafroditismo e mudança de sexo no mundo animal são igualmente focadas como introdução aos últimos capítulos da dissertação onde se aborda essas questões mais profundamente. No capítulo final são apresentados trabalhos científicos que retratam a importância das áreas marinhas protegidas na conservação de espécies costeiras. ABSTRACT: The present work aims to bring to public, past and present research in the costal resources exploitation by Man and its consequences upon target species and the surrounding community. Particular attention is given to benthic molluscs and limpets in particular due to the occurrence of protandry (sex change from male to female during the life cycle) in some of the harvested species. The issues related to reproduction mode, hermaphroditism and sex change in animals are presented first as to introduce later chapters where these subjects are deepened. The final chapter presents relevant research of the use marine protected areas to the conservation of coastal species.