Relevant bibliographies by topics / History of policing

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'History of policing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "History of policing"

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Mulcahy, A. "Policing History." British Journal of Criminology 40, no. 1 (2000): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/40.1.68.

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Brown, Robert A. "POLICING IN AMERICAN HISTORY." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 16, no. 1 (2019): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x19000171.

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AbstractThis article examines the historical evolution of policing in America with a focus on race. Specifically, it is argued that racial bias has deep roots in American policing, and reforms in policing and American society have not eliminated the detrimental experiences of Blacks who encounter the police. Historical information and contemporary empirical research indicate that, even when legal and other factors are equal, Blacks continue to experience the coercive and lethal aspects of policing relative to their non-Black counterparts.
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Roger, Colin. "Policing: A Short History." Crime Prevention and Community Safety 4, no. 4 (2002): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.cpcs.8140173.

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Liang, B. "Chinese Policing: History and Reform." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 39, no. 2 (2010): 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306110361589bbb.

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Xu, Feng. "Policing Chinese Politics: A History." Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, no. 2 (2006): 454–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423906389986.

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Policing Chinese Politics: A History, Michael Dutton, Durham: Duke University Press, pp. xiii, 411.This book is an empirically rich illumination of Carl Schmitt's notion that “the political” rests ultimately on a friend/enemy distinction. It depicts “the birth, life and death cycle” of this ever-shifting dynamic in modern Chinese history (303–4), through the lens of the coupling of the political with policing. The result is a tale that must enhance the reputation of this already-respected political scientist.
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McCormick, Barrett. "Policing Chinese Politics: A History." Perspectives on Politics 5, no. 03 (2007): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592707071976.

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Benton, Mark. "Communicating Reform: Testing an Apology for Police History as a Supplement to a Policy Communication." American Review of Public Administration 52, no. 1 (2021): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02750740211048887.

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Policing in the United States has a racist history, with negative implications for its legitimacy among African Americans today. Legitimacy is important for policing's effective operations. Community policing may improve policing's legitimacy but is difficult to implement with fidelity and does not address history. An apology for policing's racist history may work as a legitimizing supplement to community policing. On the other hand, an apology may be interpreted as words without changes in practices. Using a survey vignette experiment on Amazon's Mechanical Turk to sample African Americans, this research tests the legitimizing effect of a supplemental apology for historical police racism during a community policing policy announcement. Statistical findings suggest that supplementing the communication with an apology imparted little to no additional legitimacy on policing among respondents. Qualitative data suggested a rationale: Apologies need not indicate future equitable behavior or policy implementation, with implementation itself seeming crucial for police legitimacy improvements.
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Wilson, Dean. "Policing poverty." Australian Historical Studies 36, no. 125 (2005): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10314610508682913.

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Morris, Robert M. "Rawlings, Philip, Policing: A Short History." Crime, Histoire & Sociétés 6, no. 1 (2002): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/chs.256.

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Johnson, Brian R. "Book Review: Policing: A Short History." Police Quarterly 5, no. 3 (2002): 409–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109861102129198219.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "History of policing"

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Dixon, William John. "Popular policing? Sector policing and the reinvention of police accountability." Thesis, Brunel University, 1999. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4828.

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The aim of this thesis is to explain the change in the debate about police accountability in Britain that took place in the 1980s. In seeking such an explanation in the reinvention of police accountability over this period, a four dimensional analysis of accountability is presented. This is used to examine, in turn, the history of police governance in London, the debates about police accountability that took place in the 1980s, and the implications of the growing influence of community policing that culminated in the introduction by the Metropolitan Police of a new style of ‘sector policing’. A series of questions about whether and how police accountability was reinvented in the 1980s are posed, and the implications of the reconceptualisation that took place are assessed in their historical and theoretical contexts. Use is also made of empirical data drawn from a study of the implementation of sector policing on an inner city police area in North London. It is argued that far-reaching changes took place in the conceptualisation of police accountability during the 1980s on all four of the dimensions identified, and that this reinvention of the relationship between police and people made policing in London neither more democratic nor more consensual.
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Grievson, Lee. "The policing of cinema, 1907-1915." Thesis, University of Kent, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300941.

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Mack, Gregory. "The modern muhtasib:religious policing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116908.

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Enabling the religious duty of enjoining virtue and forbidding vice was one of the most important functions of the Islamic state historically. The public enforcement of this duty, hisbah, was entrusted to the muhtasib, an officer who acted as moral censor and market inspector. The muhtasib existed throughout Islamic history until the reforms of the modern period, when his authority and function was usurped by nation-states; however, this office survives in Saudi Arabia, where its role has been assigned to the Committee for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice (CPVPV). These "religious police" are commonly thought to epitomize the incompatibility of Islamic law with modern notions of freedom and human rights. Despite the CPVPV's notoriety and unique position in the face of secularization, it has been virtually ignored by Islamic studies, with no detailed assessment of it in theoretical or practical terms. This thesis explores hisbah in Saudi Arabia from 1926 to the present, articulating its evolving moral and legal constitution, as well as detailing CPVPV operations in relation to the developing nation-state. The first chapter is a preliminary study of the pre-modern muhtasib, which addresses the ethics, law and practice of hisbah prior to the CPVPV through a survey of key primary and secondary sources. The second chapter addresses the conceptualization of hisbah in Saudi Arabia through three main aspects: the ethical foundations of hisbah according to contemporary akhlaq literature; the official definition of hisbah in terms of fiqh by the CPVPV; and a survey of Saudi scholarship on enjoining virtue and forbidding vice by major ʿulama', intellectuals and Islamists. The third chapter addresses the Saudi law of hisbah and its enforcement by the CPVPV through examining the agency's bylaws and governing constitution, followed by a statistical analysis of its activities based on official records. Analysis is then elaborated through three case studies on key issues: terrorism, veiling and gender segregation, and religious freedom. The fourth chapter addresses the relationship between hisbah and the nation-state through four main aspects: the historical justification of Saudi nationalism in terms of hisbah, based on official historiography; the legal foundations of the Saudi state in terms of hisbah, based on the doctrine of siyasah sharʿiyah, Basic Law of Governance and pertinent extra-legal factors; the legal foundations of the CPVPV in relation to the Saudi state, based on its evolving constitution and operations; and the legal and administrative basis of hisbah jurisdiction amongst other Saudi state agencies, based on research from the Higher Judicial Institute.<br>Historiquement, une des fonctions majeures de l'état islamique, a été de permettre le développement de la fonction religieuse consistant à imposer la vertu et interdire le vice. La mise en application de cette fonction dans la communauté, la hisbah, était confiée au muhtasib, un agent qui agissait en qualité de senseur de la morale et contrôleur du commerce. Le muhtasib a existé tout au long de l'histoire islamique jusqu'aux réformes de la période moderne, lorsque son autorité et sa fonction ont été usurpées par les états-nations; cette fonction survit en Arabie Saoudite, où son rôle a été attribué au Ministère pour la Promotion de la Vertu et la Répression du Vice (MPVRV). Cette « police religieuse » est généralement perçue comme l'illustration parfaite de l'incompatibilité entre la loi islamique et les notions modernes de liberté et de droits de l'homme. Malgré la notoriété dont bénéficie le MPVRV et sa position unique face à la laïcisation de la société, il a été pratiquement totalement ignoré dans les études islamiques, on ne trouve donc aucune analyse qui s'y rapporte, que ce soit en termes théoriques ou pratiques. Cette thèse explore la hisbah en Arabie Saoudite de 1926 à nos jours, et présente sa composition d'un point de vue moral et légal, tout en exposant également les opérations du MPVRV par rapport au développement de l'état-nation. Le premier chapitre regroupe une étude préliminaire du muhtasib dans la période pré-moderne, qui aborde l'éthique, le droit et la pratique de la hisbah, avant l'établissement du MPVRV, à travers l'étude de sources clé, primaires et secondaires. Le deuxième chapitre aborde le concept de la hisbah en Arabie Saoudite à travers trois aspects: les fondations éthiques de la hisbah selon la littérature akhlaq contemporaine; la définition officielle de la hisbah en termes de fiqh par le MPVRV; et une étude de l'imposition de la vertu et l'interdiction du vice par les ʿulama', les intellectuels et autres islamistes les plus importants, à travers les programmes des diverses filières d'études saoudiennes. Le troisième chapitre présente la loi saoudienne de la hisbah et sa mise en application par le MPVRV à travers l'analyse des statuts du Ministère et de la constitution qui le régi, suivi par l'analyse statistique de ses activités, basée sur des documents officiels. Cette présentation est suivie d'une analyse détaillée de trois cas d'école sur des sujets clé: le terrorisme, le port du voile et la séparation des sexes et la liberté religieuse. Le quatrième chapitre aborde la relation entre la hisbah et l'état-nation à travers quatre aspects: la justification historique du nationalisme saoudien en termes de hisbah, basée sur une historiographie officielle; les fondations légales de l'état saoudien en ce qui concerne la hisbah, basées sur la doctrine de la siyasah sharʿiyah, la Loi Fondamentale de Gouvernement et d'autres facteurs extra-légaux qui s'y rapportent; les bases légales du MPVRV par rapport à l'état saoudien, à partir de ses statuts et opérations qui évoluent avec le temps; enfin, les bases légales et administratives de la juridiction de la hisbah parmi les différentes agences étatiques saoudiennes, basées sur les recherches de l'Institut Supérieur Judiciaire.
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Elkins, Alexander. "Battle of the Corner: Urban Policing and Rioting in the United States, 1943-1971." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/481958.

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History<br>Ph.D.<br>Battle of the Corner: Urban Policing and Rioting in the United States, 1943-1971 provides a national history of police reform and police-citizen conflicts in marginalized urban neighborhoods in the three decades after World War II. Examining more than a dozen cities, the dissertation shows how big-city police brass and downtown-friendly municipal elites in the late 1940s and 1950s attempted to professionalize urban law enforcement and regulate rank-and-file discretion through Police-Community Relations programs and novel stop-and-frisk preventive patrol schemes. These efforts ultimately failed to produce diligent yet impartial street policing. Beginning in the late 1950s, and increasing in severity and frequency until the early 1960s, young black and Latino working-class urban residents surrounded, taunted, and attacked police officers making routine arrests. These crowd rescues garnered national attention and prepared the ground for the urban rebellions of 1964 to 1968, many of which began with a controversial police incident on a crowded street corner. While telling a national story, Battle of the Corner provides deeper local context for postwar changes to street policing through detailed case studies highlighting the various stakeholders in reform efforts. In the 1950s and 1960s, African-American activists, block clubs, residents, and politicians pressured police for effective but fair and accountable tactical policing to check rising criminal violence and street disorder in neighborhoods increasingly blighted by urban renewal. Rank-and-file police unions fought civilian review boards and used new collective bargaining rights to stage job actions to obtain higher wages. They also obtained “bill of rights” contract provisions to shield members from misconduct investigations. Police management took advantage of newly-available federal and local resources after the riots to reorganize their departments into top-down bureaucratic organizations capable of conducting stop-and-frisk on a more systematic scale. By the early 1970s, a rising generation of urban black politicians confronted skyrocketing rates of criminal violence, armed militants intent on waging war on the police, and a politically-empowered rank-and-file angry and combative over the more intense threats and pressures they faced on the job. Battle of the Corner breaks ground in telling a national story of policing that juxtaposes elite decision-making and street confrontations and that analyzes a wide range of actors who held a stake in securing order and justice in urban neighborhoods. In chronicling how urban police departments emerged from the profound institutional crisis of the 1960s with greater power, resources, and authority, Battle of the Corner provides a history and a frame for understanding policing controversies today.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Ng, Yee Ching. "Policing strangers by strangers : changing colonial policing strategies and the recruitment of Indians in the Hong Kong police forces, 1841-1941." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1477.

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Bredell, Kyle Hampton. "Black Panther High: Racial Violence, Student Activism, and the Policing of Philadelphia Public Schools." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/216534.

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History<br>M.F.A.<br>The school district of Philadelphia built up its security program along a very distinct pathway that was largely unrelated to any real needs protection. This program played out in two distinct phases. In the late 1950s, black and white students clashed in the neighborhoods surrounding schools over integration. Black parents called upon the city to provide community policing to protect their children in the communities surrounding schools. As the 1960s progressed and the promised civil rights gains from city liberals failed to materialize, students turned increasingly to Black Nationalist and black power ideology. When this protest activity moved inside their schoolhouses as blacks simultaneously began moving into white neighborhoods, white Philadelphians began to feel threatened in their homes and schools. As black student activism became louder and more militant, white parents called upon the police to protect their children inside the school house, as opposed to the earlier calls for community policing by black parents. White parents, the PPD, and conservative city politicians pushed the district to adopt tougher disciplinary policies to ham string this activism, to which black parents vehemently objected. The district resisted demands to police the schools through the 1960s until finally caving to political pressure in the 1970s.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Barrie, David G. "Britain's oldest police? : a political and social history of policing in Glasgow, 1779-1846." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21424.

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This study examines the development of policing in Glasgow from 1779 to 1846. It argues that while police reform in the city fits more closely with the revisionist view of police history than the traditionalist, neither, in terms of how they are presented in relation to England, do justice to the distinct and complex manner in which the police institution in Glasgow, or Scotland for that matter, evolved. The absence of obligatory legislative enactments and clear dividing lines between the old and the new police in Scotland, combined with the peculiar nature of the 'police' concept, resulted in a different course of development which neither model accommodates precisely. Police development in Glasgow, the study contends, was characterised by one dominant factor - namely, the middle class seeking to control and manage more effectively their city in the face of rapid urbanisation. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, this took the form of establishing a new range of public amenity provisions that were essential to health and safety. However, while this commitment to the wider aspect of policing was never entirely superseded, the control and management of people rather than the environment became of increasing importance to police commissioners as the first half of the nineteenth century progressed. Although no one incident underlay this reorientation, the traumatic events of the post-Napoleonic period proved particularly significant, as the propertied classes sought a more effective form of law enforcement to protect them from political insurrection, industrial unrest and the expanding urban masses. The study will show that police affairs were embroiled in an ongoing struggle between different social and economic groups for control of local affairs. Throughout the period in question, issues of class, status and power were at the forefront of police management, as the local ruling elite sought to withstand the challenge to their political hegemony from, initially, the upper middle class and, latterly, the lower middle/self-employed working class.
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Ahluwalia, Sanjam. "CONTROLLING BIRTHS, POLICING SEXUALITIES: A HISTORY OF BIRTH CONTROL IN COLONIAL INDIA, 1877-1946." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin980270900.

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Emsley, Clive. "Aspects of the history of crime, police and policing in Europe since c.1750." [S.l.], 1999. http://dart.open.ac.uk/abstracts/page.php?thesisid=186.

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Hay, J. A. "Trends in policing : a case study of the Hamilton police 1900-1973 /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0029/NQ66212.pdf.

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Books on the topic "History of policing"

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Wilson, Alan M. Policing Ireland's twisted history. iUniverse, 2011.

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Policing: A short history. Willan Pub., 2002.

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Chinese policing: History and reform. Peter Lang, 2008.

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Campbell, John. History of policing in Guyana. Guyana Police Force, 1987.

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L, Worrall John, ed. Policing today. Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2010.

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L, Kelling George. Policing in Milwaukee: A strategic history. Marquette University Press, 2015.

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Globalising British policing. Ashgate, 2011.

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1942-, Monkkonen Eric H., ed. Policing and crime control. K.G. Saur, 1992.

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Susan, Butterworth, ed. The history of policing in New Zealand. V.R. Ward, 1986.

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Campion, Jonas, and Xavier Rousseaux, eds. Policing New Risks in Modern European History. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137544025.

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Book chapters on the topic "History of policing"

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Ho, Lawrence Ka-Ki. "Policing." In Hong Kong History. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2806-1_3.

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Mulone, Massimiliano. "History of Policing." In The Handbook of Social Control. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119372394.ch15.

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Kappeler, Victor E., Larry K. Gaines, and Brian P. Schaefer. "A History of Communities and Policing." In Community Policing. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429398056-2.

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Hall, Stuart, Chas Critcher, Tony Jefferson, John Clarke, and Brian Roberts. "The Social History of a ‘Moral Panic’." In Policing the Crisis. Macmillan Education UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-00721-6_2.

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Deflem, Mathieu, and Stephen Chicoine. "History of Technology in Policing." In Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_253.

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Wolf, Ross, and Carol Borland Jones. "The History of Volunteer Policing." In Volunteer Police, Choosing to Serve. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351030786-4.

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Berridge, Virginia. "AIDS and British Drug Policy: History Repeats Itself…?" In Policing and Prescribing. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11451-1_10.

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Miller, Eric J. "Policing Dis/ability." In Dis/ability in Media, Law and History. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003257196-9.

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Donnelly, Daniel. "A Brief History." In Municipal Policing in the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137290618_2.

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Greener, B. K. "A Brief History of International Policing." In The New International Policing. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230241626_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "History of policing"

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Fábryová, Natália, and Alena Novák Sedláčková. "The airspace of SR and its protection." In Práce a štúdie. University of Žilina, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/pas.z.2021.1.05.

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The paper deals with international regulations of airspace of the Slovak republic and its protection. The paper is focused on the sovereignty airspace and free route airspace. The state has complete and absolute sovereignty over the airspace located above its territory. Airspace protection is important for ensuring territorial inviolability of the Slovak republic. There are defined the categories and classes of airspace. The last chapter consist of a NATO Integrated Air and Missile Defence System, its history and especially its function. In this chapter is defined the idea of „air policing “, which means the protection of airspace itself that is performed during the peace. In this part is described the position of emergency fighter pilots at Airport Sliac and model situations, but also the real situations, when Slovak emergency fighter pilots had to interfere against the aircraft that lost connection with air traffic management.
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Martinelli, Fabio, Ilaria Matteucci, Paolo Mori, and Andrea Saracino. "Concurrent History-based Usage Control Policies." In International Special Session on domAin specific Model-based AppRoaches to vErificaTion and validaTiOn. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006232506570666.

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Bogatishcheva, K. YU. "Justification of accounting policies and decision-making methods in accounting accounting." In Scientific dialogue: Questions of philosophy, sociology, history, political science. ЦНК МОАН, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/spc-01-05-2020-08.

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Houck, Lonnie, DeAnna Sewell, Megan Burke, and Gregory Vogel. "A Fully Coupled Aero, Thermal, and Structural Lifetime Model for Root Cause Failure Analysis and Robust Redesign of an Industrial F Class Gas Turbine Blade." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42505.

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Modern large frame F, G, &amp; J class gas turbine flow path component design requires the complex integration of multiple design disciplines that traditionally reside with distinct specialists. A traditional design system for an actively cooled gas turbine blade includes aerodynamicists, heat transfer engineers, structural engineers and a failure or lifetime prediction engineers passing information through a manual process with a small number of iterations between the disciplines. Design or manufacturing engineers can also be involved ensuring manufacturability and policing best practices in a predominantly deterministic design system. Over the past few decades robust design or probabilistic design philosophies along with cluster computing advancements have accelerated the release of commercial software that allows for the automation of multiple analytical evaluations at off design points. These software codes allow for process automation of several independent codes executed multiple times at various conditions for automated design of experiment (DOE), and reliability analysis using Monte Carlo or other advanced approximate probabilistic methods across the entire design system. In this paper, the authors are presenting a novel approach of using a commercially available process integration tool to fully integrate a series of other commercially available tools for a root cause failure analysis of a F class turbine blade rather than a new make design. The analysis incorporated a computational fluid dynamics model (CFD) to define inlet temperatures and pressure profiles, a fully conjugate thermal analysis interacting with a finite element (FEA) solver linked to a proprietary creep lifetime prediction model. A DOE was executed to define the meaningful parameters and help rule out potential causes of failure such as loss of coating or compromised cooling system as a contributing factor of the failure which greatly reduced the amount of time and money needed for the investigation. A probabilistic failure analysis was then executed and surrogate models created for quick probabilistic assessment for different operating conditions. This allowed for validation against fleet history to explain the single engine failure not previously observed. Setting up the non-deterministic models initially allowed for rapid redesign in less than 1 month time with confidence that the true root cause was identified and mitigated. It further allowed for feedback and calibrations to the traditional design system methodology.
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Yan, Fei, and Philip W. L. Fong. "Efficient IRM enforcement of history-based access control policies." In the 4th International Symposium. ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1533057.1533066.

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Decat, Maarten, Bert Lagaisse, and Wouter Joosen. "Scalable and Secure Concurrent Evaluation of History-based Access Control Policies." In the 31st Annual Computer Security Applications Conference. ACM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2818000.2818008.

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Faghih, Fathieh, Morteza Amini, and Rasool Jalili. "A Temporal Description Logic Based Access Control Model for Expressing History Constrained Policies in Semantic Web." In 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks - POLICY. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/policy.2009.15.

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Jianfeng Lu and Dewu Xu. "History-based constraints for dynamic separation-of-duty policies in usage control." In 2011 International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology (ICCSNT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsnt.2011.6182463.

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Prina, Daniela N. "From centralisation to local policies: design reform dynamics in Belgium and the creation of Antwerp’s Higher Institute (1830-1914)." In 9th Conference of the International Committee for Design History and Design Studies. Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/despro-icdhs2014-0080.

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WANG,, YOU-SHENG, and AHMAD FAROQ. "COMPARISON OF HIGHER EDUCATION BETWEEN CHINA AND PAKISTAN." In 2021 International Conference on Education, Humanity and Language, Art. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/ehla2021/35698.

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China Pakistan friendly relations have a long history and have cooperation in many aspects, including education. However, due to the different systems and policies, higher education in the two countries also has great differences. The paper compares and analyzes the secondary education, education policies and objectives, challenges and difficulties encountered in the two countries, which is conducive to better education exchanges between the two countries in the future.
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Reports on the topic "History of policing"

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Obstfeld, Maurice, Jay Shambaugh, and Alan Taylor. The Trilemma in History: Tradeoffs among Exchange Rates, Monetary Policies, and Capital Mobility. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10396.

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Devereux, Stephen. Policy Pollination: A Brief History of Social Protection’s Brief History in Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2020.004.

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The relatively recent emergence and sustained rise of social protection as a policy agenda in Africa can be understood as either a nationally owned or ‘donor-driven’ process. While elements of both can be seen in different countries at different times, this paper focuses on the pivotal role of transnational actors, specifically international development agencies, as ‘policy pollinators’ for social protection. These agencies deployed a range of tactics to induce African governments to implement cash transfer programmes and establish social protection systems, including: (1) building the empirical evidence base that cash transfers have positive impacts, for advocacy purposes; (2) financing social protection programmes until governments take over this responsibility; (3) strengthening state capacity to deliver social protection, through technical assistance and training workshops; (4) commissioning and co-authoring national social protection policies; (5) encouraging the domestication of international social protection law into national legislation. Despite these pressures and inducements, some governments have resisted or implemented social protection only partially and reluctantly, either because they are not convinced or because their political interests are not best served by allocating scarce resources to cash transfer programmes. This raises questions about the extent to which the agendas of development agencies are aligned or in conflict with national priorities, and whether social protection programmes and systems would flourish or wither if international support was withdrawn.
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Marcot, Bruce G., and Jack Ward Thomas. Of spotted owls, old growth, and new policies: a history since the Interagency Scientific Committee report. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-408.

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Balarin, María, and Mauricio Saavedra. Reforming Education in the Context of Weak States: The Political Economy of Education Reforms in Peru 1995-2020. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-2023/pe04.

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In this paper, we explore the political economy of education reforms in Peru through an analysis of the recent history of education policies in the country. Starting in 1995, arguably the inception point for quality-oriented reforms, we follow policy developments in three selected areas – curriculum, teachers and assessment – up to 2020, the year when the study was conducted. Through a detailed reconstruction of policies and policy changes that was based on documentary analysis and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, we analyse the changing nature of agendas throughout this period and the factors that may explain changes and continuities.
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Huang, Tina, and Zachary Arnold. Immigration Policy and the Global Competition for AI Talent. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20190024.

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Current immigration policies may undermine the historic strength of the United States in attracting and retaining international AI talent. This report examines the immigration policies of four U.S. economic competitor nations—the United Kingdom, Canada, France, and Australia—to offer best practices for ensuring future AI competitiveness.
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Cavallo, Eduardo A., and Andrew Powell. 2021 Latin American and Caribbean Macroeconomic Report: Opportunities for Stronger and Sustainable Postpandemic Growth. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003107.

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The year 2020 will be remembered as one of the most challenging in modern history. Latin America and the Caribbean lost 7.4% of GDP, the largest drop on record in a single year. The region is expected to recover in 2021 but faces a hazardous time ahead. Most countries will require some type of adjustment to maintain fiscal sustainability. While the way forward will be challenging, this report not only details the risks but also outlines a set of policies that should help countries realize a stronger recovery, not just to the low growth rates of the pre-pandemic period, but to higher rates of growth that will benefit all, with more efficient public policies, higher productivity in the private sector, and more sustainable economies.
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Saleem, Raja M. Ali, Ihsan Yilmaz, and Priya Chacko. Civilizationist Populism in South Asia: Turning India Saffron. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0009.

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The 21st century has witnessed a significant shift in how the concept of nationalism is understood. A political marriage between identity politics and populism has resulted in “civilizationism,” a new form of nationalism that entails an emotionally charged division of society into “the people” versus “the Other.” All too often, the divisive discourses and policies associated with civilizationalist populism produce intercommunal conflict and violence. This paper draws on a salient case study, India’s Hindutva movement, to analyze how mainstream populist political parties and grassroots organizations can leverage civilizationist populism in campaigns to mobilize political constituencies. In surveying the various groups within the Hindutva movement and conducting a discourse analysis of their leaders’ statements, the paper shows the central role of sacralized nostalgia, history, and culture in Hindutva populist civilizationism. By analyzing the contours and socio-political implications of civilizationist populism through this case study, the paper contributes to the theoretical understanding of the concept more generally.
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Becker, Sascha O., Stephen Broadberry, Nicholas Crafts, Sayatan Ghosal, Sharun W. Mukand, and Vera E. Troeger. Reversals of Fortune? A Long-term Perspective on Global Economic Prospects. Edited by Sascha O. Becker. CAGE Research Centre, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-0-9576027-00.

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It is conventional wisdom that: Continued fast growth in the BRICS will result in a rapid catch-up to match and even surpass Western income levels in the next few decades The crisis in Europe will soon be over and normal growth will then resume as if nothing had happened The tax competition resulting from globalization means a race to the bottom in which corporate tax rates fall dramatically everywhere The best way to escape the poverty trap is to give the poor more money Losers from globalization can be ignored by politicians in western democracies because they do not matter for electoral outcomes The adjustment problems for developing countries arising from the crisis are quite minor and easy to deal with Actually, as Reversals of Fortune shows, all of these beliefs are highly questionable. The research findings reported here provide economic analysis and evidence that challenge these claims. In the report, Nicholas Crafts asks: "What Difference does the Crisis make to Long-term West European Growth?" Vera Troeger considers "The Impact of Globalisation and Global Economic Crises on Social Cohesion and Attitudes towards Welfare State Policies in Developed Western Democracies." Stephen Broadberry looks at "The BRICs: What does Economic History say about their Growth Prospects?" Sharun Mukand takes "The View from the Developing World: Institutions, Global Shocks and Economic Adjustment." Finally, Sayantan Ghosal has a new perspective on "The Design of Pro-poor Policies."
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Abufhele, Alejandra, David Bravo, Florencia Lopez-Boo, and Pamela Soto-Ramirez. Developmental losses in young children from pre-primary program closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003920.

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The learning and developmental losses from pre-primary program closures due to COVID-19 may be unprecedented. These disruptions early in life, when the brain is more sensitive to environmental changes, can be long-lasting. Although there is evidence about the effects of school closures on older children, there is currently no evidence on such losses for children in their early years. This paper is among the first to quantify the actual impact of pandemic-related closures on child development, in this case for a sample of young children in Chile, where school and childcare closures lasted for about a year. We use a unique dataset collected face-to-face in December 2020, which includes child development indicators for general development, language development, social-emotional development, and executive function. We are able to use a first difference strategy because Chile has a history of collecting longitudinal data on children as part of their national social policies monitoring strategy. This allows us to construct a valid comparison group from the 2017 longitudinal data. We find adverse impacts on children in 2020 compared to children interviewed in 2017 in most development areas. In particular, nine months after the start of the pandemic, we find a loss in language development of 0.25 SDs. This is equivalent to the impact on a childs language development of having a mother with approximately five years less education. Timely policies are needed to mitigate these enormous losses.
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Blyde, Juan S., Christian Volpe Martincus, Marcelo Dolabella, and Ignacio Marra de Artiñano. The Reorganization of Global Value Chains: What’s in it for Latin America and the Caribbean? Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004592.

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As Latin America and the Caribbean bounce back from a sanitary crisis of historic proportions, the search is on for policies that can accelerate recovery while boosting long-term growth. In a scenario of tight fiscal constraints, trade and integration (T&amp;I) policies seem to fit this description. There are particularly high expectations in some policy circles that the benefits of T&amp;I policies will be boosted by an impending reorganization of global value chains. Yet little is known about the relevance, shape, and impacts of this reorganization. Will this lead to reshoring, nearshoring, or some slightly modified version of the status quo? Will this benefit the region? This paper takes a stab at answering these questions. It begins with a critical review of the most frequently cited drivers of the reorganization. This is then followed by an analytical exercise that uses the 20182019 US import tariff hike as a quasi-natural experiment. The results seem more consistent with modest trade and investment gains for the region, associated with incremental rather than major adjustments to global value chains. It concludes by arguing that whatever the future brings, minimizing trade and investment costs is likely to remain the regions dominant strategy.
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