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Journal articles on the topic 'History of Punjabi Literature'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Naqvi, Nosheen, Mubashar Nadeem, and Abdul Rahman. "Inter-generational Attitudinal Shift towards English from Punjabi Language: A Sociolinguistic Study of Lahore, Pakistan." Global Sociological Review VI, no. I (March 30, 2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2021(vi-i).08.

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The survey study investigates the intergenerational attitudinal shift towards English from the Punjabi language with a focus on three generations (male and female) population of Lahore ageing 55 years and above, 35 to 54 and 15 to 34. A twenty-five questions questionnaire was administered on randomly selected sixty subjects for the quantitative data analyzed qualitatively. The numerical analysis was carried out to see the intergenerational shift towards English from the Punjabi language. For this purpose, the regression and ANOVA are conducted in SPSS (Statistical Software). The results reflect that the Punjabi language, though rich in literature and history, does not find a status that is enjoyed by English or Urdu. Hence the study recommends that to save the Punjabi language from social death; it may be taught as a language at schools so that the coming generations may enjoy speaking, reading and writing of Punjabi language as a living language like others.

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2

Judge, Rajbir Singh, and Jasdeep Singh Brar. "Critique of Archived Life: Toward a Hesitation of Sikh Immigrant Accumulation." positions: asia critique 29, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 319–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-8852098.

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AbstractIn 2016, the Pioneering Punjabi Digital Archive (PPDA) went online. Attempting to reveal how the Punjabi community struggled and then thrived in California, the PPDA accumulates narratives of Punjabi American life. Against such models of archival intimacy and recovery, which look to cultivate limitless public access to a knowable and transparent subject while reducing structural precarity to the failure of an exceptional Punjabi, this article hesitates in a vexed archival space without guarantees. Within this hesitation, it explores the traces of untimely lives displaced in creating archival legibility—traces that reveal a different form of being that challenge the additive logic of the PPDA. This hesitation is cultivated through a comparative approach that couples archival and ethnographic research based on articles about Punjabi American life in both the archive and public sphere alongside ethnographic work conducted with Sikh immigrants who work in canneries and the fields. The aim is to pause in the present impasse to consider the nonbecoming of unknown forms—an ethnographic “reaching and ungrasping” in which the future is not fixed as a requirement for thinking, refusing the accumulating demands of narrative sequence that archiving presents.

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3

Rinehart, Robin. "The Portable Bullhe Shah: Biography, Categorization, and Authorship in the Study Of Punjabi Sufi Poetry." Numen 46, no. 1 (1999): 53–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568527991526077.

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AbstractThe Punjabi poet Bullhe Shah (1680-1758) is revered by Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs. In the extensive body of interpretive literature devoted to his life and work, scholars have contested his religious identity, characterizing Bullhe Shah in various ways, e. g. as a Sufi, a Vedantic Sufi, or a Vai ava Vedantic Sufi. This article examines the nature of the debates about Bullhe Shah's identity, and how these debates have shaped the varying portrayals of Bullhe Shah's life, the corpus of his poetry, and the characterization of his religious affiliation. I argue that a series of unexamined assumptions — about the nature of biography and its relation to the development of a worldview, about the categorization of religious identity, and about the nature of authorship — have created these conflicting portrayals of the poet and his work, making Bullhe Shah a kind of "portable" figure who is placed in widely divergent contexts. I conclude by arguing that Bullhe Shah's portability, or his placement within different contexts (for different purposes), is itself a useful topic for analysis, and provides the basis for a potentially more fruitful study not only of Bullhe Shah's life and work, but also of his audiences and their responses to him.

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Guha, Martin. "Brill’s Encyclopedia of Sikhism. Vol. 1: History, Literature, Society, Beyond Punjab." Reference Reviews 32, no. 3 (March 19, 2018): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr-11-2017-0245.

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5

Robb, Peter, and Clive J. Dewey. "The Settlement Literature of the Greater Punjab: A Handbook." Economic History Review 48, no. 1 (February 1995): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2597900.

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6

Malhotra, Anshu. "The Emergence of Bazaar Literature: Jhagrras, Kissas and Reform in Early Twentieth Century Punjab." Studies in History 18, no. 2 (August 2002): 297–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/025764300201800208.

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7

Sharma, Dr Rajni, and Mrs Poonam Gaur. "Women Predicament in 'A Journey on Bare Feet' by Dalip Kaur Tiwana." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i2.10391.

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The autobiographical impulse and act is central to woman's writing in India. The range of Indian women's writing generates an unending discourse on personalities, woman's emotions and ways of life. In a way, it presents the socio-cultural state in India from a woman's stance. It affords a peep into Indian feminism too. Besides giving a historical perspective, it throws ample light on woman's psychic landscape. It takes us to the deepest emotions of a woman's inner being. The varied aspects of woman's personality find expression in the female autobiographical literature. We find that a deeper study of women’s autobiographies unravel the hidden recesses of feminine psyche of Indian society. Whatsoever the position of women maybe, behind every social stigma, there is woman, either in the role of mother-in-law, sister‑in‑law or wife. The women writers with sharp linguistic, cultural and geographical environment represented the problems and painful stories of Indian women from 19th century until date. However, they have not shared the contemporary time of the history, the problems of patriarchal society, treatment women, broken marriages and the identity crises for the women remained similar. Women writers have also been presenting woman as the centre of concern in their novels. Women oppression, exploitation, sob for liberation are the common themes in their fiction. Dalip Kaur Tiwana is one of the most distinguished Punjabi novelists, who writes about rural and innocent women’s physical, psychological and emotional sufferings in a patriarchal society. As a woman, she feels women’s sufferings, problems, barricades in the path of progress as well as the unrecognized capabilities in her. Dalip Kaur Tiwana has observed Indian male dominated society very closely and has much understanding of social and ugly marginalization of women. She can be considered a social reformer as she is concerned with human conditions and devises for the betterment of women's condition in Indian Punjabi families. This paper focuses on the theme of feminist landscape. It presents the miserable plight of women characters. She has come across since her childhood. Women, who felt marginalized, alienated, isolated and detached in their lives, but were helpless as no law was there in her time to punish the outlaws. Dalip Kaur Tiwana beautifully portrays the landscape of her mind. The paper shows how Dalip Kaur Tiwana presents the unfortunate image of her mother, grandmother aunts and some other obscure women who were unable to mete out justice during their life time.

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8

Zubair, Shirin. "Women, English Literature and Identity Construction in Southern Punjab, Pakistan." Journal of South Asian Development 1, no. 2 (October 2006): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097317410600100205.

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9

Pifer, Michael. "The Diasporic Crane: Discursive Migration across the Armenian-Turkish Divide." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 18, no. 3 (September 2015): 229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.18.3.229.

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Despite the fact that rubrics for reading national and “world” literatures through comparative optics have grown increasingly sophisticated over the last decade, the problem of how to theorize cross-cultural and literary interaction still plays a critical role in debates on global connectivity. This article suggests an approach for reading cross-cultural interaction across literary systems and musical cultures by tracing the migration of discourses beyond their supposedly native origins. It therefore examines how a popular discourse about a well-traveled bird, the crane, itself migrated across Arabic, Punjabi, and Turkish literary cultures, a process that in part enabled Armenian intellectuals to configure the wandering crane into the predominant symbol of the Armenian diaspora during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Consequently, in mapping the non-linear flight of “cranes” as a symbol of dispersion between Armenian and Turkish literary and musical cultures in particular, this article argues the need to complicate simple un-and bidirectional models for understanding cross-cultural exchange. Instead, it suggests that we ought to give more attention to specifying multiple forms of transmission—such as the interplay between manuscript, oral, and print cultures—in the study of semiotic ties between different peoples, even across far-flung geographic regions.

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10

Hameed Khan, Shaista. "Globalization and Urdu, Punjabi literature." Makhz 1, no. II (June 30, 2020): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2020(1-ii)10.

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11

Murphy, Anne. "MODERN PUNJABI LITERATURE IN VANCOUVER: A portrait." Sikh Formations 4, no. 2 (December 2008): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17448720802538808.

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12

Hussain, Qandeel, Michael Proctor, Mark Harvey, and Katherine Demuth. "Punjabi (Lyallpuri variety)." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 50, no. 2 (June 5, 2019): 282–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100319000021.

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Punjabi (Western, ISO-639-3 pnb) is an Indo-Aryan language (Indo-European, Indo-Iranian) spoken in Pakistan and India, and in immigrant communities in the UK, Canada, USA, and elsewhere. In terms of number of native speakers, it is ranked 10th among the world’s languages, with more than 100 million speakers (Lewis, Simons & Fennig 2016). Aspects of the phonology of different varieties of Punjabi have been described in Jain (1934), Arun (1961), Gill & Gleason (1962), Singh (1971), Dulai & Koul (1980), Bhatia (1993), Malik (1995), Shackle (2003), and Dhillon (2010). Much of this literature is focused on Eastern varieties, and the phonology of Western Punjabi dialects has received relatively less attention (e.g. Bahri 1962, Baart 2003, 2014).

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13

Sharma, K. K., Sushendra Kumar Misra, and Arun Kumar Singla. "Role of Public Private Partnership in Bus Terminals: A Case Study of Punjab." Think India 22, no. 2 (October 19, 2019): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i2.8680.

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The “Academic Discourses” on “Public and Private” partnerships in “Infrastructure Development” often involve the issues of “User’s Perceptions and “Employee Satisfaction” as two different ideologies work together. Multi party (private builders, developers, employees and users) work arrangements in infrastructure development owe a history of conflict and anxieties across the existing literature. Commuter utilizing PPP run bus terminals were found to be more satisfied vis-a-vis the commuters across Non-PPP run organizations in transport sectors across Punjab. With regard to bus terminals, the “Maintenance” of service levels matter and this factor was observed to dominate and exhibit maximum possible variance. The access coverage and volume capability needs to be retained and enhanced in order to reap the benefits of public private mode of bus terminal operations.

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14

Ahmad, Iftakhar. "1857 War of Independence in Punjabi Folk Literature." Makhz 2, no. I (March 31, 2021): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-i)2.

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15

BOSE, NEILESH. "Purba Pakistan Zindabad: Bengali Visions of Pakistan, 1940–1947." Modern Asian Studies 48, no. 1 (March 14, 2013): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x12000315.

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AbstractThis paper details the history of the concept of Pakistan as debated by Bengali intellectuals and literary critics from 1940–1947. Historians of late colonial South Asia and analysts of Pakistan have focused on the Punjab along with colonial Indian ‘Muslim minority’ provinces and their spokesmen like Muhammed Ali Jinnah, to the exclusion of the cultural and intellectual aspects of Bengali conceptions of the Pakistan idea. When Bengal has come into focus, the spotlight has centred on politicians like Fazlul Huq or Hassan Shahid Suhrawardy. This paper aims to provide a corrective to this lacuna by analyzing Bengali Muslim conceptualizations of the idea of Pakistan. Bengali Muslim thinkers, such as Abul Mansur Ahmed, Abul Kalam Shamsuddin, and Farrukh Ahmed, blended concepts of Pakistan inside locally grounded histories of the Bengali language and literature and worked within disciplines of geography and political economy. Many Bengali Muslim writers from 1940 to 1947 creatively integrated concepts of Pakistan in poetry, updating an older Bengali literary tradition begun in earlier generations. Through a discussion of the social history of its emergence along with the role of geography, political thought, and poetry, this paper discusses the significance of ‘Pak-Bangla’ cultural nationalism within late colonial South Asian history.

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16

Singh, Narinder, Jaswinder Singh, Vikram Bhandari, and Rahat Kumar. "A Study of COVID-19 Vaccine (COVISHIELD) Pharmacovigilance in Primary Healthcare Workers in Punjab, India." AMEI's Current Trends in Diagnosis & Treatment 5, no. 1 (2021): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10055-0111.

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17

Gamboa, Erasmo, and Karen Tsaksen Leonard. "Making Ethnic Choices: California's Punjabi Mexican Americans." Western Historical Quarterly 26, no. 3 (1995): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/970664.

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18

Banerjee, Himadri. "The Other Sikhs: Punjabi-Sikhs of Kolkata." Studies in History 28, no. 2 (August 2012): 271–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0257643013482405.

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19

Zafar, Saba, Muhammad Kashif, Muhammad Imran Khan, and Hafiza Nida. "APPLICATION OF SIMPLE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING METHOD FOR TEMPERATURE FORECASTING IN TWO MAJOR CITIES OF THE PUNJAB, PAKISTAN." Agrobiological Records 4 (2021): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47278/journal.abr/2020.027.

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Weather forecasting has been getting more attention from researchers and becoming influential factor for effective policy and planning at local and global level. Climatic variations have been directly affected by global warming and happened to rise atmospheric temperature; as a resultant about 0.74°C temperature of earth has been increased during last 100 years. In Pakistan, daily environmental temperature has been increasing; on average there is 0.6°C rise of daily environmental temperature has been observed. This research has been focused on the modeling and forecasting about daily temperature of Faisalabad and Lahore districts of Punjab, Pakistan. The results showed that simple exponential technique is more appropriate technique for modeling the temperature data as compared to other methods such as Holt’s exponential and Holt’s winter exponential techniques. The forecasting of temperature data was made on the optimum value of smoothing constant. The selection of optimal smoothing constant was based on the minimum values of mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE). The application of simple exponential technique is therefore recommended for prediction of climatic variables like rainfall, humidity and wind speed because of its forecasting accuracy for short term period. This research will be helpful to researchers and policy makers who are associated with environment-based work.

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20

Yong, Tan Tai. "The Settlement Literature of the Greater Punjab: A Handbook. By Clive J. Dewey. Manohar Press: New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1991. Pp. 107." Modern Asian Studies 28, no. 1 (February 1994): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00011756.

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21

Waters, Mary C., and Karen Isaksen Leonard. "Making Ethnic Choices: California's Punjabi Mexican Americans." Journal of American History 80, no. 4 (March 1994): 1502. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2080698.

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22

Farrukh, Affifa, and John F. Mayberry. "Punjabis and Coeliac Disease: A Wake-Up Call." Gastrointestinal Disorders 2, no. 2 (June 17, 2020): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gidisord2020018.

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Punjabis are one of the largest ethnic groups in the world, with at least 124 million members. Their diet is based around wheat cereals and they are now recognised to be at risk of coeliac disease. Indeed, the incidence of coeliac disease amongst Punjabi migrants is three times that of other Europeans, suggesting that in excess of 3 million Punjabi people may be affected by the condition. This review considers the history of coeliac disease and its lack of ready diagnosis in the Punjabi community, including the adverse outcomes as a result. It considers the poor-quality information available to Punjabi patients and tentatively suggests methods of dealing with these issues.

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23

KALRA, VIRINDER S., and WAQAS BUTT. "‘If I Speak, They Will Kill Me, to Remain Silent Is to Die’: Poetry of resistance in General Zia's Pakistan (1977–88)." Modern Asian Studies 53, no. 04 (January 23, 2019): 1038–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x17000130.

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AbstractThe ethnic and sectarian divisions that were part of General Zia's (1977–88) political strategies in Pakistan were resisted not only through street protest and political opposition, but also in the realm of culture. In particular, poetry was a vehicle through which to express discontent as well as to mobilize the population. By offering an analysis of a number of poems and the biographies of the political poets who wrote them, this article offers another perspective on the question of resistance in this period of Pakistan's history. Whilst the outcome of the policy of ethnic division was to divide the struggle against General Zia into a broad anti-Punjab front, this article highlights how it was class division and the securing of elite consent that were the major achievements of the Zia regime. In contrast to previous research, we highlight how resistance came from all groups in Pakistan as reflected in the poetry and literature of the time.

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24

Pamment, Claire. "A Split Discourse." TDR/The Drama Review 56, no. 1 (March 2012): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00146.

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While the “bad girls” of Pakistan's contemporary Punjabi theatre are accused of “obscenity” and “vulgarity” and punished by harsh censorship, girls from “good families” are actively promoted in Anglophone dramas. Punjabi performers reverse the gaze onto this split discourse, exposing the body politic's gender and class biases.

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25

Glasco, Laurence A., and Karen Isaksen Leonard. "Making Ethnic Choices: California's Punjabi Mexican Americans." American Historical Review 98, no. 4 (October 1993): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2166796.

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26

Hindman, E. James, and Karen Isaksen Leonard. "Making Ethnic Choices: California's Punjabi Mexican Americans." Hispanic American Historical Review 77, no. 1 (February 1997): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2517071.

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27

Hindman, E. James. "Making Ethnic Choices: California’s Punjabi Mexican Americans." Hispanic American Historical Review 77, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-77.1.94.

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28

Conermann, Stephan. "Sanā'ullāh Amritsarī (1868-1948) und die Ahl-i Hadīs im Punjab unter britischer Herrschaft." Die Welt des Islams 50, no. 2 (2010): 309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/004325309x12529279606212.

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29

Langohr, Vickie. "Colonial Education Systems and the Spread of Local Religious Movements: The Cases of British Egypt and Punjab." Comparative Studies in Society and History 47, no. 1 (January 2005): 161–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417505000071.

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Most education in the pre-colonial Middle East and South Asia was inextricably permeated by religion, in that it relied heavily on study or memorization of religious scriptures and rituals for the purpose of training believers, or on the use of religious texts or stories to teach ostensibly secular subjects such as geography or history. Colonial penetration of these areas introduced a new model of Western education, in which the curriculum was dominated by material whose truth claims were not based on religious faith, and which were not taught through the medium of religious texts. Religion, if allowed at all, was confined to discrete classes on the topic. This marginalization or exclusion of religious material did not necessarily mean that the resulting education was inexorably secular: Gauri Viswanathan has demonstrated that British educators in India circumvented policies forbidding the teaching of Christianity in government schools by creating English literature courses designed “to convey the message of the Bible.” In contrast to its predecessors, however, Western-style education was based on the conceptualization of religion as a discrete subject separate from and incapable of shedding reliable light upon worldly matters, and on the premise that it was mastery of these worldly matters, rather than knowledge of sacred scriptures and rituals, that would bring students success. In this model, religion would be understood “as a new historical object: anchored in personal experience, expressible as belief-statements, dependent on private institutions and practiced in one's spare time.”

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30

Choudhury, Mousumi. "RECOVERING THE SILENCED VOICES: THE PLIGHT AND TRAUMA OF KAIBARTA PARTITION REFUGEES OF SONBEEL, BARAK VALLEY OF ASSAM." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 08 (August 31, 2021): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13238.

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The historiography of the Partition of India, the creative literature andthe films evoked out of the pangs of Partition are primarily concerned withthe Partition of Punjab and Bengal. Assam as the third site of Partition remained under the veil of silence for nearly six decades. In recent years, academic interventions are forthcoming to unveil the human history of the Partition of Assam which triggered a huge forced migration of population in the Brahmaputra Valley, Barak Valley and the hill areas of Assam. Given the discrimination that the Dalits experienced during and after the Partition of India, they are the triply marginalised group due to their caste, class and refugee identities. As the Dalits lacked agency in the Barak Valley, their plight largely remains unattended. In this context, the present paper is an attempt to recover the plight of the Kaibarta Partition refugees who were the victims of forced migration from Sylhet/ East Pakistan to Sonbeel area of Barak Valley of Assam especially, after the communal violence of 1950 in East Pakistan.

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Rehman, Tauseef. "FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INCIDENCE OF Eimeria leuckarti IN HORSES." Agrobiological Records 6 (2021): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47278/journal.abr/2021.004.

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Cross sectional study was planned to figure out the prevalence rate of Eimeria (E.) leuckarti in horses and factors influencing its occurrence in district TT Singh, Punjab, Pakistan. From April 2009 to March 2010, equine feces were collected. Two stage cluster method was adopted for random selection of horses. Total of 484 fecal samples were collected from whole district and collected samples were subjected to quantitative floatation method. It was found that 50.41% of sampled horses were positive for E. leuckarti with prevalence reaching to its peak in August (OR=1.156; χ2=20.055) while lowest occurence was recorded in April, May and June, coinciding with the period of lowest humidity and precipitation of the year in Pakistan. It can be inferred from these observations that wet season seems to be favorable for propagation of this disease. Foals (62.94%; OR=0.422; χ2=20.825) were found to be more susceptible (P<0.05) to E. leuckarti in comparison to adults (41.81%) while mares with prevalence of 56.48% (OR=0.512; χ2=13.265) were found to be more susceptible (P<0.05) as compared to and male horses (35.04%). Horses kept on non-cemented floor, mix farming with other animals, given food on ground and watered in ponds/common places were found to have higher rates of prevalence of E. leuckarti (P<0.05) in comparison to those kept on cemented/ partially cemented floor, separate farming, food in trough and tap watered, respectively. It is inferred from findings of this survey that disease can be controlled by improving management systems.

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32

Roy, Anjali Gera. "Black beats with a Punjabi twist." Popular Music 32, no. 2 (May 2013): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143013000111.

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AbstractThe bonding between black and brown immigrants in Britain has resulted in the emergence of a new musical genre called Bhangra, which hybridises Punjabi dhol rhythms with those of reggae, rap and hip hop. Bhangra's appropriation of Black sounds that are considered ‘Kool’ in the West has not only given Asian youth a new, distinctive voice in the form of ‘Asian dance music’ but has also led to the reinvention of Punjabi folk tradition in consonance with the lived realities of multicultural Britain. This essay examines various aspects of sonic hybridisation in ‘the diaspora space’ by British Asian music producers through tracing the history of Bhangra's ‘douglarisation’, beginning in the 1990s with Apache Indian's experiments with reggae. It covers all forms of mixings that came in between, including active collaborations, rappings, remixings, samplings and so on that made Punjabi and Jamaican patois dialogue in the global popular cultural space. The essay explores the possibilities of a ‘douglas poetics’ for Bhangra by juxtaposing the celebration of sonic douglarisation in postmodern narratives of migrancy and hybridity against the stigmatisation of biological douglarisation in miscegenation theories and ancient Indian pollution taboos.

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Pandey, Mithilesh, and Rajesh Poonia. "Punjabi Jutti: the case of a missing brand." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 10, no. 4 (November 3, 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-03-2020-0071.

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Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are as follows: to familiarize students with the concept of segmentation, targeting and positioning; to make students understand the need and process of building a brand; to help students to identify the market gap and meet customer’s requirement by delivering the right value proposition; and to examine the feasibility of business opportunity, develop a business plan and run a successful firm. Case overview/synopsis This case is about the quest of three MBA students who accidentally get into argument about footwear brands. This argument leads them to Punjabi ethnic footwear popularly known as “Punjabi Jutti.” They decide to understand the background of “Punjabi Jutti” and the possibility of developing a brand for the same. An extensive research was carried out through the various online and offline platforms. The research included searching through the existing literature, collecting data from the various online platforms such as e-commerce websites and interviews from the field. The research revealed that this traditional artwork is an unorganized sector. The manufacturers and marketers are two main parts of this business. However, the mainstay of the business is the skilled labors who know the art of making “Punjabi Jutti.” This art has been inherited by them from their previous generations. Also, it was found that there was good demand of the “Punjabi Jutti” in India and it was exported to various countries as well. Customers had a mix response toward these products. This extensive research has now put these students in a dilemma as to what should be the next step. Should they step into this business by creating their own brand? Will this entrepreneurship venture be sustainable? If they created a brand for the “Punjabi Jutti” then what kind of brand it would be? Complexity academic level Post graduate, entrepreneurs. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

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Bhanot, Kavita. "A decolonial reading of the Punjabi (m)other in British Asian literature." Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal 4, no. 4-5 (September 3, 2019): 377–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802014.2019.1698976.

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35

Kumar, Sumir, Bharat Bhushan Mahajan, Sandeep Kaur, Ashish Yadav, Navtej Singh, and Amarbir Singh. "A Study of Basal Cell Carcinoma in South Asians for Risk Factor and Clinicopathological Characterization: A Hospital Based Study." Journal of Skin Cancer 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/173582.

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Objectives. Although the incidence of skin cancers in India (part of South Asia) is low, the absolute number of cases may be significant due to large population. The existing literature on BCC in India is scant. So, this study was done focusing on its epidemiology, risk factors, and clinicopathological aspects.Methods. A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in Punjab, North India, from 2011 to 2013. History, examination and histopathological confirmation were done in all the patients visiting skin department with suspected lesions.Results. Out of 36 confirmed cases, 63.9% were females with mean ± SD age being60.9±14.2years. Mean duration of disease was 4.7 years. Though there was statistically significant higher sun exposure in males compared to females (Pvalue being 0.000), BCC was commoner in females, explainable by intermittent sun exposure (during household work in the open kitchens) in women. Majority of patients (88.9%) had a single lesion. Head and neck region was involved in 97.2% of cases, with nose being the commonest site (50%) with nodular/noduloulcerative morphology in 77.8% of cases. Pigmentation was evident in 22.2% of cases clinically. Nodular variety was the commonest histopathological variant (77.8%).Conclusions. This study highlights a paradoxically increasing trend of BCC with female preponderance, preferential involvement of nose, and higher percentage of pigmentation in Indians.

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Rahm, Laura. "Protect, Track, Emancipate: The Role of Political Masculinities in India’s Fight against Sex Selection." Men and Masculinities 22, no. 3 (May 2018): 529–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x18768873.

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One of the side effects of India’s rapid socioeconomic transition has been a growing demographic masculinization with millions of “missing” women. Modern technologies have enabled couples to determine and select the fetal sex. Since the 1990s, political efforts to control sex selection have met with little success. This article assesses policy effectiveness and the role of political masculinities in India’s fight against sex selection. This qualitative analysis draws from policy files and forty-seven in-depth semistructured expert interviews conducted in Delhi, Punjab, and Haryana in 2014–2015. Interview participants included national policy makers, state and district implementers, and representatives from nongovernmental and international organizations. This article finds that state action against sex selection frequently follows the logic of “protecting,” “tracking,” and “emancipating” females—analogue to roles of a family patriarch toward his kin and thus reproducing gender biases and undermining policy efforts against sex selection.

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Leonard, Karen. "Punjabi pioneers in California: Political skills on a new frontier." South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 12, no. 2 (December 1989): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00856408908723128.

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Bochkovskaya, Anna V. "BALBIR MADHOPURI. KÃTĪLĪ RĀHÕ KE RĀHĪ / THE THORNY PATH (CHAPTER FROM CHĀNGIĀ RUKH / AGAINST THE NIGHT)." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 4 (14) (2020): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2020-4-233-246.

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The commented translation of a chapter from the Chāṅgiā rukh (Against the Night) autobiography (2002) by Balbir Madhopuri, a renowned Indian writer, poet, translator, journalist and social activist, brings forward episodes from the life of Dalit inhabitants of a Punjab village in the 1960–1970s. Following the school of hard knocks of his childhood in the chamar quarter of Madhopur, a village in Jalandhar district, Balbir Madhopuri managed to receive a good education and take to literature. He has authored 14 books including three volumes of poetry, translated 35 pieces of world literary classics into Punjabi, his mother language, and edited 42 books in Punjabi. In 2014, he was awarded the Translation Prize from India’s Sahitya Academy for contribution to the development and promotion of Punjabi. Narrating the story, Balbir Madhopuri shares memories, thoughts and emotions from early days that determined his motivations to struggle against poverty, deprivation and injustice. The chapter Kãṭīlī rāhõ ke rāhī (The Thorny Path [Madhopuri, 2010]) tells readers about the destiny of low-caste Punjabis as well as about village traditions and rituals featuring Hindu, Sikh and Muslim beliefs deeply intertwined in the Land of Five Rivers. Memories of childhood joys and sorrows go side by side with Balbir Madhopuri’s reflections on social oppression and caste inequality that still remain in contemporary India’s society. This commented translation is the final one in a series of four chapters from Balbir Madhopuri’s autobiography scheduled for publication in this journal in 2020.

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TALBOT, IAN. "Punjabi Refugees’ Rehabilitation and the Indian State: Discourses, Denials and Dissonances." Modern Asian Studies 45, no. 1 (November 29, 2010): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x10000284.

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AbstractStudies of Punjabi partition-related refugee resettlement have revealed a gap between official accounts and those provided by migrants. The former seek to legitimize the state by narrating its role in the transformation of helpless refugees into productive citizens. First hand accounts on the other hand frequently write the state out of the rehabilitation process. This paper seeks firstly to illustrate these processes at work by contrasting the narrative account contained in the Government of India publication, The Story of Rehabilitation, with interview material collected amongst former refugees. It then goes on to reveal the presence of state agency in cases of rehabilitation, despite refugee denial. Finally, it explores the refugee-state tensions arising from migrants’ experience of local level bureaucratic and police services’ corruption, which goes some way towards explaining the narrative dissonances.

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COPLEY, ANTONY. "People on the Move: Punjabi Colonial and Post-colonial Migration Edited by Ian Talbot and Shinder Thandi." History 91, no. 303 (July 2006): 429–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-229x.2006.373_5.x.

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Chhabra, Anand. "Punjabi Migration to the Black Country: A Photographic Journey through History, Cultures and Digital Technology." Photography and Culture 14, no. 3 (July 3, 2021): 415–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17514517.2021.1927373.

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Allender, Tim. "Robert Montgomery and the daughter slayers: A punjabi education imperative, 1855–1865." South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 25, no. 1 (April 2002): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00856400208723467.

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Kazmi, Sara. "Of subalterns and Sammi trees: echoes of Ghadar in the Punjabi literary movement." Socialist Studies/Études Socialistes 13, no. 2 (October 18, 2018): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.18740/ss27242.

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This paper explores how Ghadar’s legacy is interpreted by the Punjabi literary movement in Punjab, Pakistan. Putting Ghadar’s poetry into conversation with the work of these contemporary activists sheds light on unexplored facets of both. It unveils how these writers and thespians invoke Ghadar to subvert the narrow discourse of “Punjabiyat” and ethno-nationalist identity, and allows us to appreciate the politics of language that underpinned Ghadar di Goonj. The intertwining of these histories of literary dissent raises key questions for debates around radical literature and progressive writing in South Asia, by highlighting the role of vernaculars in reading subaltern consciousness and native traditions of revolt.

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Maskiell, Michelle. "Social Change and Social Control: College-Educated Punjabi Women 1913 to 1960." Modern Asian Studies 19, no. 1 (February 1985): 55–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00014554.

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Kinnaird College alumnae who did not work often expressed regret for having been ‘just’ wives and mothers, and a feeling of not having lived up to expectations. In some cases, these women's parents planned for them to have professional careers, but more often, such women mentioned the expectations of their college teachers that alumnae would contribute to their society in some concrete way.Educated women, in short, left Kinnaird with a sense that their education implied obligations to society. Women with careers, whether or not they had married, were satisfied that they had ‘used’ their educations fittingly. Women without careers often expressed dissatisfaction, at least to a foreign observer, butat the same time, they justified their education by pointing with pride to the way they had reared their own children, recognizing that mothers are active transmitters of social identities within the family. Alumnae who remained in primarily domestic roles as wives and mothers frequently expanded their world to include non-domestic social work and other activities beyond their immediate kin group.

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Barone, Dennis, Cecelia Tichi, and Lisa M. Steinman. "History in Literature or Literature in History." American Quarterly 40, no. 4 (December 1988): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2713002.

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Parveen, Asia, Andleeb Batool, Maryam Mukhtar, Abdul Wajid, and Naila Malkani. "Association of Interleukin 17F with Arthritis in Punjabi Families of Pakistan." Journal of Bioresource Management 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35691/jbm.0202.0118.

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Arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes severe joint pain. Interleukin 17F (IL17F) is considered as a candidate gene functionally; it mediates pro-inflammatory responses, depending on the type and site of inflammation. The present study examined the polymorphism of IL17F (rs763780 and rs2397084) among the families affected by arthritis. Demographic data and blood samples were collected from the families with at least one affected offspring with arthritis. Analysis of the IL17F gene polymorphism was performed by the digestion of DNA with NlaIII and AvaII. The results showed that IL17F rs763780 (AA, AG and GG genotypes) and rs2397084 (AA, AG and GG genotypes) were associated with arthritis (OA & RA). It was evaluated that about 65 and 21 percent of the individuals mutated with homozygous mutation for wild type allele A, heterozygous mutation A/G against selected SNPs respectively. But homozygous polymorphic allele for allele G was only found against rs2397084. Mutation in rs2397084 resulted to change Lysine into Arginine, whereas mutation in rs763780 changed Histidine into Arginine. Maternal history was found as a stronger factor in transferring arthritis. The results of this study revealed an association of arthritis with IL17F among Pakistani population.

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Zgorzelski, Andrzej. "Literature? History of literature?" Tekstualia 1, no. 1 (January 2, 2013): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6140.

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The author of the article postulates the situation in which at least every second or third dissertation would try to synthesize a particular stage in the evolution of a selected genre, in which teams of interpreters working on the synchronous cross-sections of poetry, prose, and drama, at the borderlines of various epochs of national literatures. In his opinion in this imaginary situation the issues and problems of literary history would not appear alien even to the youngest scholars in our ﬁ eld of studies.

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Kaur, Amritpal, and Gurjeet Kaur Rattan. "Citation Analysis of Theses in Economics Submitted to Punjabi University, Patiala during 2000-2014." DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 38, no. 3 (May 4, 2018): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.38.3.12474.

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<p>The present study is based on 9053 citations appended to 92 doctoral theses submitted to the Department of Economics, Punjabi University, Patiala, during 2000-2014. The main objective of the study is to investigate authorship pattern of the citations, format of literature cited, electronic/print form of citations, chronological distribution of citations, geographical distribution of book and core journal citations. A ranked list of journals in economics is also compiled in order to find out the most referred journal. It is found that journals are the most consulted resources with 49.39 per cent citations in the field of economics. Bradford’s law of scattering is applicable to the present study with Bradford multiplier as 11.327.</p>

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Gill, Yubee. "Contours of Resistance: The Postcolonial Female Subject and the Diaspora in the Punjabi Short Story." IAFOR Journal of Arts & Humanities 8, no. 1 (August 25, 2021): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ijah.8.1.04.

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Diaspora literature and theory offer significant critiques of traditional ideas regarding nation-states, identities and dominant cultures. While it is true that the literature of the diaspora has been receiving increasing attention as of late, it is worth noting that works written in the diasporans’ native languages are generally not included in wider discussions about the more complex issues related to the diaspora. As an initial corrective for this deficiency, this article explores selected stories in Punjabi, paying special attention to issues relevant to the lives and experiences of women in diaspora. Diasporic conditions, as most of these stories seem to assert, can be painful for women, but even while negotiating within a diverse system of values, many of them eventually discover possibilities for independence and growth. Such personal improvements are attainable due to their newfound economic liberation, but hard-won economic independence comes with a price. The inclusivity implied by identitary hyphens (i.e. Chinese-American; Mexican-American, etc.), so celebrated in diaspora writings in English, are almost as a rule missing in the fictional accounts studied here. In these accounts, an essential feature of diasporic subjectivity is the double sense of “Otherness” strongly felt by people who, having extricated themselves from the cultural demands of their original group, are not unchallenged members of the dominant culture.

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Owen, Roger. "The rapid growth of Egypt’s agricultural output, 1890–1914, as an early example of the green revolutions of modern South Asia: some implications for the writing of global history." Journal of Global History 1, no. 1 (March 2006): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022806000052.

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The article uses comparative Indian material from British India and later, the Pakistani Punjab to ask new questions of the standard accounts of Egypt’s post-1890 cotton boom. It also argues for the particular relevance of the rich Punjabi green revolution data to the Egyptian case, and more generally, for the rewards to be obtained from an academic dialog between selected aspects of late nineteenth and of late twentieth century globalization. Topics analyzed include the impact of the various agricultural revolutions on social and regional inequalities, the issue of sustainability, the role of experts and the impact on health of long-term environmental degradation.

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