Journal articles: 'History of Radioactivity'

1

LEMONICK, SAM. "RADIOACTIVITY RESEARCH: A HISTORY." Chemical & Engineering News Archive 89, no. 31 (August 2011): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v089n031.p045.

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Henry, Hugh F. "Radioactivity and Health, A History." Nuclear Technology 91, no. 3 (September 1990): 420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt90-a34464.

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Archer, Victor E. "Radioactivity and Health: A History." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 266, no. 5 (August 7, 1991): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1991.03470050119039.

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Reddy, A. R. "Radioactivity: a history of mysterious science." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 156, no. 2 (August 4, 2013): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/nct198.

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Ovcharov, Alexander V., and Pavel D. Golub. "FROM THE HISTORY OF THE DISCOVERY OF RADIOACTIVITY." Science and School, no. 3 (2021): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/1819-463x-2021-3-226-234.

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Diehl, R., U. Oberlack, J. Knödlseder, K. Bennett, H. Bloemen, W. Hermsen, J. Ryan, V. Schönfelder, and P. von Ballmoos. "26 Al Radioactivity in the Galaxy." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 166 (1997): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100071311.

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Abstract26Al radioactivity is believed to originate predominantly from massive stars, ejected into interstellar medium in wind phases and/or supernova events. With its million-year decay time, penetrating γ-rays from 26Al decay measure the massive-star history averaged over a time scale of ≃million years, thus extending times cales accessible otherwise. The COMPTEL 1.809 MeV all-sky data from 5 years of observations show irregularities and features at intermediate latitudes, which may have a more local origin (≃ 1 kpc). We find that the large scale emission can be characterized by a Galactic scale height of ≃ 130 pc, and a Galactocentric scale radius of ≃ 5 kpc, with features from spiral structure. Catalogues from massive-star related objects do not significantly improve the description of COMPTEL data above this. Emission associated with nearby structures such as the Gould Belt, Loop I, or stellar aggregates, is indicated, yet cannot be clearly detected. Combined with our imaging results, this suggests that 26A1 yields from massive star ensembles depend on specifics of those stars and their history. Further 26A1 γ-ray studies are underway to help mapping of the massive star history in the solar vicinity.

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Thomas, Josef Jiří. "PREHISTORY OF THE CZECH RADON PROGRAM." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 191, no. 2 (September 2020): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa164.

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Abstract In the Czech Republic, the program managing high radon levels in dwellings has existed for nearly 30 years. Although the recent history of radiation protection from naturally radioactive gas is quite well known, prior radon management is less understood. This article describes the history of natural radioactivity and its management from the Middle Ages, showing that Czech countries have a much longer and abundant history related to natural radioactivity.

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Dennis, J. A. "Radioactivity measurements. Principles and practice." Endeavour 15, no. 4 (January 1991): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(91)90138-2.

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Clarke, Roger. "Pandora’s box the history of radiation, radioactivity, and radiological protection." Journal of Radiological Protection 39, no. 3 (August 28, 2019): 984–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ab2d94.

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10

Boudia, Soraya. "The curie laboratory: Radioactivity and metrology." History and Technology 13, no. 4 (January 1997): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07341519708581910.

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Reiter, Wolfgang L. "Karl Przibram: Radioactivity, Crystals, and Colors." Physics in Perspective 21, no. 3 (August 12, 2019): 163–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00016-019-00242-z.

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Smith, John N., Vincent Rossi, Ken O. Buesseler, Jay T. Cullen, Jack Cornett, Richard Nelson, Alison M. Macdonald, Marie Robert, and Jonathan Kellogg. "Recent Transport History of Fukushima Radioactivity in the Northeast Pacific Ocean." Environmental Science & Technology 51, no. 18 (September 6, 2017): 10494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02712.

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Adloff, J. P. "The "X" - Compounds, a Breakthrough in the Early History of Radioactivity." Radiochimica Acta 77, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1997): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/ract.1997.77.12.1.

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Boudia, Soraya. "Global Regulation: Controlling and Accepting Radioactivity Risks." History and Technology 23, no. 4 (December 2007): 389–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07341510701527443.

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15

Hughes, J. S. "Radiation and radioactivity on Earth and beyond." Endeavour 15, no. 1 (January 1991): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(91)90108-n.

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16

Lykknes, Annette. "Ellen Gleditsch: Woman Chemist in IUPAC’s Early History." Chemistry International 41, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ci-2019-0309.

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Abstract In 1907, a 28-year-old Norwegian pharmacist-chemist arrived in Paris to work with Marie Curie at the Radium Institute. Like many women at the time, Ellen Gleditsch was attracted to the newly discovered phenomenon of radioactivity and wished take part in exciting scientific endeavour. Working with the Nobel Laureate Marie Curie was a unique opportunity for the ambitious young chemist, whose skills in mineral analyses led to her being accepted into the otherwise fully staffed laboratory. By all accounts, Ellen Gleditsch appears to have been one of the first women associated with IUPAC. In 1921 she was the Norwegian representative of the committee working on the Tables Annuelles de Constantes et Données Numériques de Chimie, de Physique et de Technologie [1], published under the auspices of IUPAC with the agreement of the International Research Council. In the following year she was a member of the Commission on Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry during its meeting in Lyon [2]. In 1947 Gleditsch became a full member of the Joint Commission of Standards and Units of Radioactivity, joining her friends Frédéric and Irène Joliot-Curie in this capacity, and all three continued to be members until the Commission’s dissolution in 1955 [3]. IUPAC was the mother union of this Joint Commission, and directly linked with International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU).

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17

Todd, Neil. "A brief history of Lord Rutherford's radium." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 68, no. 3 (May 21, 2014): 279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2013.0070.

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In this paper I give a brief summary of what is known about the acquisition, use and fate of the radium sources that were in the possession of Lord Rutherford during his lifetime. The account is written in two parts, corresponding to the periods from the discovery of radium in 1898 until his death in 1937 and then from 1937 until recent times. The history of Rutherford's radium closely shadows the history of radioactivity, the evolution of nuclear physics, the race for the bomb, and the development of the nuclear industry.

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18

Halliday, Alex N. "Radioactivity, the discovery of time and the earliest history of the Earth." Contemporary Physics 38, no. 2 (March 1997): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/001075197182441.

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Rentetzi, Maria. "Gender, Politics, and Radioactivity Research in Interwar Vienna." Isis 95, no. 3 (September 2004): 359–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/428960.

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RENTETZI, MARIA. "Designing (for) a new scientific discipline: the location and architecture of the Institut für Radiumforschung in early twentieth-century Vienna." British Journal for the History of Science 38, no. 3 (August 26, 2005): 275–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087405006989.

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This essay explores how Viennese physicists who specialized in radioactivity research embodied visions of their new discipline in material terms, through the architectural design and the urban location of their institute. These visions concerned not only the experimental culture of radioactivity, or the interdisciplinarity of the field, but also the gendered experiences of those working in the institute's laboratories, many of who were women. In designing the Institute for Radium Research at the end of the 1910s – the first such specialized institute in Europe – physicists and architects were also designing the new discipline in a strong sense. In the architectural form of the building one can trace the aesthetics of the new discipline, the scientific exchanges of its personnel and the image of a newly formed community in which women were more than welcomed.

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21

Catani, V., K. C. Stamoulis, L. Esposito, D. Cicchella, X. Aslanoglou, and K. G. Ioannides. "Natural radioactivity content in Italian bottled mineral waters." HNPS Proceedings 27 (April 17, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2691.

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Bottled water consumption has a long history but nowdays bottled water industry is a fast-growing sector of the world industry. Most of the water in bottles comes from springs or underground aquifers. The mineral content of the aquifer is diluted in small amounts into the water and although consuming mineral water is thought to be a healthy practice, there are several cases where radioactivity is also present. Monitoring the bottled water natural radioactivity is very important especially for the cases people consume mainly this kind of water. Radioactivity accumulation in the human body if exists in excess, can pose a threat for the health. In the present work, thirty brands of Italian bottled water were measured for gross alpha and beta radioactivity, uranium, radium and polonium radioisotopes. Radioactivity content was determined using the LSC method and sorbtion on polyamide pieces covered with thin film of MnO2. The analysis using the MnO2 thin films showed that the radium activity in waters varied from 4.7-69.3 mBqL-1 and the polonium activity varied from 5.9-26.8 mBqL-1. The measurements with the LSC method showed uranium concentrations varying from 0.7- 93.1 mBqL-1, while the radium activities exhibited variations from 1.6-34.1 mBqL-1. Finally the gross beta activity values varied from 13.1-1584.9 mBqL-1 and the gross alpha from 2.4- 305.2 mBqL-1.

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22

Soares, Vitor, Adriana Bispo dos Santos Kisfaludy, and Deividi Marcio Marques. "Análise da Introdução do livro de Marie Curie “Traité de Radioactivité”." História da Ciência e Ensino: construindo interfaces 20 (December 29, 2019): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2019v20espp195-201.

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ResumoEste trabalho tem como objetivo a análise da introdução do livro “Traité de Radioactivité” publicado em 1910 na França e foi escrito por Marie Curie. No capítulo de introdução, Madame Curie traz importantes ideias e conceitos referentes a radioatividade, sobre a descoberta deste fenômeno, constituição e natureza das partículas subatômicas, a presença do gás hélio em processos radiativos e as formas de emanação do rádio. Os comentários sobre essa introdução serão feitos de modo a elucidar algumas ideias que eram aceitas naquela época, sobretudo, na ideia da constituição da matéria. Será́ mostrado, também, os conceitos advindos de outros físicos, sobretudo de Ernest Rutherford, que pesquisaram sobre as diferentes formas de radiação e suas controvérsias. Além dessas questões históricas, o trabalho pretende abordar a importância da interface entre a História da Ciência e o Ensino de Ciências e como este material pode ser incorporado na pratica docente da Educação Básica. Palavras-chave: Radioatividade; gás hélio; emanação; História da Ciência. Abstract This paper aims to analyze the introduction of the book “Traité de Radioactivité” published in 1910 in France and was written by Marie Curie. In the introductory chapter, Madame Curie brings important ideas and concepts concerning radioactivity, about the discovery of this phenomenon, constitution and nature of subatomic particles, the presence of helium gas in radioactive processes and the forms of emanation of radio. Comments on this introduction will be made in order to elucidate some ideas that were accepted at that time, especially the idea of the constitution of the subject. It will also be shown the concepts coming from other physicists, especially Ernest Rutherford, who researched the different forms of radiation and their controversies. In addition to these historical issues, the paper intends to address the importance of the interface between the History of Science and Science Teaching and how this material can be incorporated into the teaching practice of Basic Education. Keywords: Radioactivity; helium gas; emanation; History of Science.

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Laporta, T., M. Zompatori, and L. Guerci. "Body and risk: cultural ambivalence towards radioactivity through the history of two protagonists." La radiologia medica 114, no. 3 (March 4, 2009): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11547-009-0370-1.

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24

McGrayne, Sharon Bertsch. "Marie Curie and the Science of Radioactivity. Naomi Pasachoff." Isis 91, no. 1 (March 2000): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/384684.

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25

Franklin, Melissa. "A devotion to their science: Pioneer women of radioactivity." Science Education 85, no. 6 (2001): 781–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sce.1039.

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26

BALDWIN, MELINDA. "‘Keeping in the race’: physics, publication speed and national publishing strategies in Nature, 1895–1939." British Journal for the History of Science 47, no. 2 (July 11, 2013): 257–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087413000381.

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AbstractBy the onset of the Second World War, the British scientific periodical Nature – specifically, Nature's ‘Letters to the editor’ column – had become a major publication venue for scientists who wished to publish short communications about their latest experimental findings. This paper argues that the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Ernest Rutherford was instrumental in establishing this use of the ‘Letters to the editor’ column in the early twentieth century. Rutherford's contributions set Nature apart from its fellow scientific weeklies in Britain and helped construct a defining feature of Nature's influence in the twentieth century. Rutherford's participation in the journal influenced his students and colleagues in the field of radioactivity physics and drew physicists like the German Otto Hahn and the American Bertram Borden Boltwood to submit their work to Nature as well, and Nature came to play a major role in spreading news of the latest research in the science of radioactivity. Rutherford and his colleagues established a pattern of submissions to the ‘Letters to the editor’ that would eventually be adopted by scientists from diverse fields and from laboratories around the world.

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Raukas, Anto, Rein Koch, Krista Jüriado, and Johanna-Iisebel Järvelill. "Anomalous radioactivity level and high concentrations of heavy minerals in Lemme area, South-West Estonia." Baltica 27, no. 2 (February 20, 2014): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2014.27.19.

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Abstract As early as in the 1960s, extensive heavy-mineral concentrations containing zircon, monazite, and xenotime were discovered in the Lemme region of south-western Estonia. These concentrations contribute to the elevated radioactivity levels of the enclosing sediments. The near shore sands of the Litorina Sea contain up to 10-cm-thick interlayers with a heavy mineral content of up to 80%. These anomalous layers were formed during the transgressive phase and result from a complicated cross- and alongshore migration of sedimentary material, derived mainly from local Devonian bedrock. Radioactivity level in the study area is higher relative to the majority of the Devonian plateau. The Lemmeoja buried soil has 13 radiocarbon dates in an area of renewed interest for the investigation of the Baltic Sea history.

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De Gregorio, Alberto. "A far-reaching project behind the discovery of neutron-induced radioactivity." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 37, no. 2 (June 2006): 330–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2005.09.006.

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29

Hassan, Halmat Jalal, Suhairul Hashim, Mohamad Syazwan Mohd Sanusi, David Andrew Bradley, Abdullah Alsubaie, Rafael Garcia Tenorio, Noor Fitriah Bakri, and Rozman Mohd Tahar. "The Radioactivity of Thorium Incandescent Gas Lantern Mantles." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031311.

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The use of thorium in providing the intense white luminescence emitted from gas mantles, has a history of some 130 years, the initial application pre-dating by several decades large-scale urban electric lighting. Accordingly, the thoriated gas mantle has proved itself to be of enormous utility, remaining popular in more rural areas well into the 20th century, continuing to enjoy use in campsites and street night markets lanterns until today. The discovery of thorium in 1828 preceded the discovery of radioactivity, with subsequent little appreciation initially of any potential harm from exposure to radioactivity. Study has been made herein of small quantities of five different types of the thoriated gas mantle, all purchased online devoid of any control measures. Several approaches were used concerning the 232Th activity and dose consequence. First, the activity of 232Th was estimated using an HPGe detector, with sample M5 providing the greatest activity at 1.25 × 104 Bq, exceeding the exemption limit for thorium in a mantle. Compared to sample M5, samples M1 to M4 were low in radioactivity, from 5.1 ± 1.31 to 16.33 ± 1.92 Bq. Moreover, the thorium content in M5 constituted 50% of the mantle mass, somewhat greater than previous literature values. The dose equivalent rate on the surface of a single M5 mantle was found to be 0.68 µSv/h, while at the surface of a pack of six the level was 1.9 µSv/h. Monte Carlo simulation codes have been used to obtain organ equivalent and effective dose rates, the greatest close contact (10 cm) exposure to an unlit mantle being to the thymus, at 0.68 µSv/h and 0.62 µSv/h for a male and female phantom respectively. Accordingly, with packages of thoriated gas mantles potentially giving rise to non-negligible equivalent doses, greater incorporation of controls on the sale of such items in national radiation protection legislation would seem worthy of consideration.

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Debauche, Antoine. "Continuous radioactivity monitoring systems. From the pre-history of radioprotection to the future of radioecology." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 72, no. 1-2 (January 2004): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0265-931x(03)00191-7.

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31

Dallas, Cham E. "Medical Lessons Learned From Chernobyl Relative to Nuclear Detonations and Failed Nuclear Reactors." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 6, no. 4 (December 2012): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2012.72.

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ABSTRACTThe Chernobyl disaster in 1986 involved the largest airborne release of radioactivity in history, more than 100 times as much radioactivity as the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs together. The resulting emergency response, administrative blunders, and subsequent patient outcomes from this large-scale radiological disaster provide a wealth of information and valuable lessons for those who may find themselves having to deal with the staggering consequences of nuclear war. Research findings, administrative strategies (successful and otherwise), and resulting clinical procedures from the Chernobyl experience are reviewed to determine a current utility in addressing the appropriate protocols for a medical response to nuclear war. As various myths are still widely associated with radiation exposure, attention is given to the realities of a mass casualty medical response as it would occur with a nuclear detonation.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:330-334)

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32

Mandelbrote, Scott. "Book reviews." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 56, no. 3 (September 22, 2002): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2002.0191.

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Seven book reviews in the September 2002 issue of Notes and Records : Marie Boas Hall, Henry Oldenburg. Shaping The Royal Society . Patricia Fara, Newton: the making of genius . Ahmed Zewail, Voyage through time . G.I. Brown, Invisible rays: a history of radioactivity . Brian Austin, Schonland, scientist and soldier . Nicholas Wright Gillham, A life of Sir Francis Galton: from African exploration to the birth of eugenics . Robert Hinde, Why good is good: the sources of morality .

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33

Guerra, Francesco, Matteo Leone, and Nadia Robotti. "Enrico Fermi’s Discovery of Neutron-Induced Artificial Radioactivity: Neutrons and Neutron Sources." Physics in Perspective 8, no. 3 (September 2006): 255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00016-006-0296-0.

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34

Clarke, Roger. "THE SWORD OF DAMOCLES; the History of Radiation, Radioactivity, and Radiological Protection; Part 2, the 1940s." Journal of Radiological Protection 39, no. 4 (November 2019): 1136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ab3eac.

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Clarke, Roger. "The Labours of Hercules. The History of Radiation, Radioactivity and Radiological Protection: Part III. 1950–1966." Journal of Radiological Protection 40, no. 2 (May 28, 2020): 661–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ab8747.

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Rice, James. "Downwind of the Atomic State: US Continental Atmospheric Testing, Radioactive Fallout, and Organizational Deviance, 1951–1962." Social Science History 39, no. 4 (2015): 647–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2015.74.

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The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) conducted more than 100 atmospheric atomic detonations at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) between 1951 and 1962 depositing radioactivity throughout the United States but particularly the rural communities just “downwind.” The monitoring of radioactivity and efforts to warn downwind residents, however, failed to ensure their safety. I engage in archival analysis of AEC documents to examine decision making in reference to radioactive fallout. In recounting the socionatural history of atmospheric testing at the NTS, the present study argues operational conduct was lethargic due to the adoption of specious organizational heuristics. They included the assumption that fallout is subject to predictable atmospheric dispersion; fallout has noncumulative, undifferentiated effects on people; and downwind residents were prone to unreasoning panic. Thus AEC officials were continually chasing problems after they arose and in the absence of containment of fallout focused on containment of public perception and dialogue. The study concludes by highlighting the lessons relevant to contemporary sociotechnical activities.

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Müller, Christopher John. "From radioactivity to data mining: Günther Anders in the Anthropocene." Thesis Eleven 153, no. 1 (August 2019): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513619867180.

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This essay traces the complex constellation of ideas that informs Anders's turn to the generalizing expression ‘the human’ in his postwar work. It mobilizes the properties of radioactive material and digital data, which are both curiously imperceptible to our senses, to discuss Anders’s insistence on the universalizing pronoun `we' and assess its significance in the contemporary world. To do so, it aligns Anders's work with current debates about the Anthropocene and critiques of the use of the term ‘the human’ in postcolonial settings.

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Molinié, Philippe, and Soraya Boudia. "Mastering picocoulombs in the 1890s: The Curies’ quartz–electrometer instrumentation, and how it shaped early radioactivity history." Journal of Electrostatics 67, no. 2-3 (May 2009): 524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2009.01.031.

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Castaing, Jacques, Michel Girod, and Antoine Zink. "Radiation background due to radioactivity in palaces and museums: influence on TL/OSL dating." Journal of Cultural Heritage 5, no. 4 (October 2004): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2003.11.002.

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Liritzis, I., C. Sideris, A. Vafiadou, and J. Mitsis. "Mineralogical, petrological and radioactivity aspects of some building material from Egyptian Old Kingdom monuments." Journal of Cultural Heritage 9, no. 1 (January 2008): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2007.03.009.

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Ekhaguere, O. A., O. O. Alatise, and K. D. Oyeyemi. "Ground radiometric survey for assessment of environmental radioactivity in a fertilized farmland: a case history in southwestern Nigeria." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1299 (August 2019): 012094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1299/1/012094.

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Alsop, Steve, and Mike Watts. "Sources from a Somerset village: A model for informal learning about radiation and radioactivity." Science Education 81, no. 6 (November 1997): 633–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-237x(199711)81:6<633::aid-sce2>3.0.co;2-j.

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Van Tiggelen, Brigitte, and Annette Lykknes. "A tale of resilience: The periodic table after radioactivity and the discovery of the neutron." Centaurus 61, no. 4 (November 2019): 345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1600-0498.12245.

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Guerra, Francesco, Matteo Leone, and Nadia Robotti. "Enrico Fermi’s Discovery of Neutron-Induced Artificial Radioactivity: A Case of “Emanation” from “Divine Providence”." Physics in Perspective 22, no. 3 (July 6, 2020): 129–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00016-020-00258-w.

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Knot, E. A. R., J. W. ten Cate, R. J. Lamping, and Liem Kian Gie. "α2-Antiplasmin: Functional Characterization and Metabolism in a Heterozygote Deficient Patient." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 55, no. 03 (1986): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1661567.

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SummaryAn 81-year-old male with a mild life-long bleeding history and an α2-antiplasmin (α2-AP) plasma level of 55% biological activity and 41% antigen activity (normal range 80-140%) was studied. The ratio of plasminogen binding (PB): non-plasminogen binding (NPB) α2-AP assayed by modified crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was 7.3/2.7 (controls 6.3 ± 0.49 SD/3.7 ± 0.49 SD). The patient’s α2-AP showed decreased affinity for fibrin, i. e. 8.3% versus 32.4% of normal control α2-AP associated with fibrin during clotting of plasma. A metabolic study performed with human purified 125I-α2-AP(PB/NPB 7.7/2.3) showed a plasma radioactivity disappearance half-life of 72.9 h (n 60.1 ± 5.3 h) with a normal fractional catabolic rate and a reduced absolute catabolic (synthetic) rate of 0.70 mg/kg/day (n 2.10 ± 0.60 mg/kg/day). The exchange between the central and third compartment was increased. The increased α2-AP PB form and the increased plasma radioactivity disappearance half-life are suggestive of a slower conversion of the PB form into the NPB form and/or slower degradation of the PB form. The bleeding tendency in this patient could be explained by decreased synthesis of α2-AP and decreased binding to fibrin.

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Pablos, Ana Romero de. "Knowledge that traveled between Italy and Spain during the Franco regime: the construction of radioactivity counters." História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos 26, no. 1 (March 2019): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702019000100015.

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Abstract In this paper I propose a reflection on instruments and political power. The objective is to analyze how the knowledge, experiences, and practices that circulated and traveled via radioactivity counters between Italy and Spain constructed and influenced both nuclear energy and political power during the Franco regime. I show people, materials, instruments, and knowledge that traveled, which permits us to think about the Spanish scientists and their role in the circulation of scientific materials and knowledge and as vectors of diplomatic and political relations.

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Skandalis, Tina, and Lawrence Badash. "A Devotion to Their Science: Pioneer Women of Radioactivity. Marelene F. Rayner-Canham , Geoffrey W. Rayner-Canham." Isis 89, no. 4 (December 1998): 760–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/384219.

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Rank, D., F. J. Maringer, and J. Terlunen. "The Radioactivity of Sediments in Danube Reservoirs in Austria before and after the Chernobyl Accident." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0031.

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A major part of pollutants transported by rivers are normally adsorbed to the fine-grained particles in suspension. The coupling between pollutants and particles leads to an enrichment of radionuclides in sediments that settle in river reservoirs and lakes. The concentration of radionuclides is a function of grain-size distribution and of the mineralogical composition. In a survey, sediment samples from the lock area of each Danube reservoir were collected during the spring of 1985. Three grain-size fractions (<20 µm, 20–63 µm, 63–250 µm) were analyzed. On an average the estimated concentration of radionuclides is about 600 Bq/kg for K-40, 50 Bq/kg for Ra-226, and 40 Bq/kg for Th-232. A 17 m depth borehole has allowed us to trace the history of radionu-clide distribution for the past 25 years since the culmination and the end of atomic testing in the atmosphere, which coincides with the damming of the river Danube at Aschach. The content of Cs-137 in freshly deposited Danube sediments rose by two orders of magnitude following the accident at Chernobyl (i.e. up to 3000 Bq/kg).

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Davidson, Michael W. "Pioneers in Optics: Alexandre Edmond Becquerel and William Henry Bragg." Microscopy Today 19, no. 4 (July 2011): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929511000459.

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Four successive generations of the Becquerel family were educated at the prestigious French scientific institution of higher learning, the École Polytechnique, and became physics professors at the French Museum of Natural History. Alexandre Edmond Becquerel was the son of Antoine César (1788– 1878), discoverer of piezoelectricity; father of Antoine Henri (1852– 1908), who discovered radioactivity; and the grandfather of Jean Antoine (1878–1953), who is best known for his work on relativity and the discovery of polarization rotation in the presence of a magnetic field. Though all of these notable scientists carried out a variety of experiments related to optics, it was Alexandre Edmond Becquerel who made the greatest contributions to the field.

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HESSENBRUCH, ARNE. "G. I. BROWN, Invisible Rays: The History of Radioactivity. Stroud: Sutton, 2002. Pp. viii+248. ISBN 0-7509-2667-8. £19.99 (hardback)." British Journal for the History of Science 36, no. 3 (September 2003): 379–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087403335113.

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Journal articles on the topic 'History of Radioactivity'

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