Dissertations / Theses: 'History of realism'

1

Mathews, Peter David 1975. "Strategies of realism : realist fiction and postmodern theory." Monash University, Centre for Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8656.

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Davies, Sian Martin. "The language of Hardy's fiction : realism and history." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359236.

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Larkins, Jeremy. "The idea of the territorial state : discourses of political space in Renaissance Italy." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2617/.

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This thesis, presented as a theoretical contribution to the discipline of International Relations, describes the intellectual origins of the idea of the territorial state. The idea of the territorial state has a privileged place in International Relations for it is an integral element of Realism, the discipline's dominant intellectual tradition. Realism assumes that the primary actors in the modern international system are states, as identified by their exercise of sovereignty over a delimited space or territory. In Realist history, the territorial state and the modern territorial international order emerged together, twin products of seventeenth century political theory and practice, as signified by political settlement of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. This thesis challenges the Realist narrative of the idea of the territorial state on two counts: methodologically and historically. First, it rejects the view that it is possible to account for the idea of the territorial state exclusively in terms of political practice and knowledge. It argues that the Realist idea of the territorial state needs to be understood as one expression of a much broader and more complex matrix of narratives - social, political, philosophical and cultural - about man's capacity to know, represent and order the spaces of modernity. Second, the thesis rejects the Realist history that dates the emergence of the territorial state to the seventeenth century. An alternative chronology is put forward that dates the origins of the idea of the territorial state to fifteenth and sixteenth century Renaissance Italy. The thesis argues that the first signs of the idea of the territorial state can be identified in various Renaissance spatial discourses: political, cosmological, artistic and cartographic. These spatial discourses and the practices they led to established the templates for thinking about and representing space in modernity, including those underlying the articulation of the idea of the modern territorial state.

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Reason, Akela M. "Beyond realism history in the art of Thomas Eakins /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2195.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Art History and Archaeology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Hendry, Robin Findlay. "Realism, history and the quantum theory : philosophical and historical arguments for realism as a methodological thesis." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1442/.

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Scientific realists and non-realists disagree over the reach of scientific knowledge: does it extend beyond the observational realm. Intuitions about abductive inferences are at the heart of many realist positions, but are brought into question by the non-realists' contention that theories are underdetermined by data, and the alleged circularity of realist attempts to show that such inferences are reliable. Some realists have tried to circumvent this problem by constructing methodological arguments for realism: if realism is embedded in scientific practice, the realist's picture of science might provide the best explanation of scientific success. Some non-realists reply by again pointing to the circularity of this strategy, which relies, again, on an abductive inference. Others deny that scientists do adopt realist stances. A methodological realist position is constructed: realist constraints on the acceptance and pursuit of theories-for instance requirements of intertheoretic coherence, and the avoidance of ad hoc explanation-have often contributed to progress in science. The position is immune to non-realist worries about the circularity of realist arguments, for it is a thesis about how science is practised, not the kind of knowledge it provides. The argument is pursued within a diachronic account of theory appraisal: Imre Lakatos' methodology of scientific research programmes (MSRP) examines the principles that govern the construction of theories, and provides criteria-achievement of progress-for the appraisal of research programmes. Although Lakatos may have seen these selection criteria, when fulfilled, as symptoms of something else-the fulfilment in the theory's development of some ideal of scientific honesty-achievement of Lakatosian progress can Serve as an end in itself. The realist methods mentioned in the last paragraph are then appraised as means to this end. Since the position has a methodological formulation and background, it is applied as a historical thesis to case studies in line with Lakatos' metamethodology. These comprise two explanatory forays into history: the consistency of Bohr's 1913 model of the atom, and the construction by Heisenberg and Schrodinger of the two original formulations of quantum mechanics. There follows one contemporary application: the construction of explanations in quantum chemistry using approximate models of molecules.

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6

Wettström, Rune. "Popper - Realism och antirelativism." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-181.

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The aim with this paper is to study Karl Popper’s view on realism and relativism. Further aim is to see whether those ideas have been consistent over the years. The paper argues that Popper since his first interest in philosophy has taken a realistic and antirelativistic attitude. Only his arguments for this position have been developed to meet his critics.

Common sense speaks for realism but can neither be proven nor refuted. However, arguments for realism are among others all the chemical and biological theories that presuppose realism.

Popper also expand his view on the real world to include, besides the material world, also a world of experiences which he calls “world 2” and a “world 3” comprising intellectual products.

He also rejects relativism and for him knowledge is a system of statements or theories put forward for discussion. In a conflict between two opposing hypotheses, one of them could be right or both could be wrong but both could not be right.

The conclusions in this study are based on Popper’s most important works from 1934 to 1990.

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Crist, Tessa J. "Vladimir Makovsky| The politics of nineteenth-century Russian realism." Thesis, Northern Illinois University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1590999.

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This thesis examines the political work produced by a little-known Russian Realist, Vladimir Makovsky (1846-1920), while he was a member of the nineteenth-century art collective Peredvizhniki. Increasingly recognized for subtle yet insistent opposition to the tsarist regime and the depiction of class distinctions, the work of the Peredvizhniki was for decades ignored by modernist art history as the result of an influential article, "Avant-Garde and Kitsch," written by American art critic Clement Greenberg in 1939. In this article, Greenberg suggests the work of Ilya Repin, the most renowned member of the Peredvizhniki, should be regarded not as art, but as "kitsch"--the industrialized mass culture of an urban working class. Even now, scholars who study the Peredvizhniki concern themselves with the social history of the group as a whole, rather than with the merits of specific artworks. Taking a different approach to analyzing the significance of the Peredvizhniki and of Makovsky specifically this thesis harnesses the powerful methodologies devised in the 1970s by art historians T.J. Clark and Michael Fried, two scholars who are largely responsible for reopening the dialogue on the meaning and significance of Realism in the history of modern art.

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Dobozy, Tamas. "Towards a definition of dirty realism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ56533.pdf.

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9

McCaw, Neil Alexander. "Doubtful realism : the changing dynamics of history in George Eliot." Thesis, University of Winchester, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360485.

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George Eliot's realist project was one fundamentally undercut by doubt; doubt both as to her ability to represent a coherent and essentially unified notion of human existence, and also (and ultimately) doubt as to the nature of nineteenthcentury reality itself. The barometer of this, this dissertation argues, is Eliot's increasingly problematic representation of history and the historical process. Towards the end of her literary career, it is argued, the doubt undermining her realism culminated in a loss of faith in the historical process; not just in her ability to accurately recreate history in her novels, but more significantly in the nature of the process of history itself. The oscillation between confidence and doubt prevalent in the novels is seen to manifest itself in a tendency towards a totalising (narrative) conception of the historical process, while at the same time Eliot is seen as acting to destabilise these narratives. This process of depicting and then questioning totality and narrative is viewed as relevant both to Eliot's depiction of human subjectivity and also to her relationship with the Whig narrative of English history; a discourse of nineteenth-century historiography that is implicated as crucial to an appreciation of George Eliot. This is especially significant in terms of her latent nationalism, and particularly in terms of the Orientalism identified as inherent in her representation of Judaism.

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Rutecka, Monika Alicja. "A history and various aspects of Polish socialist realism (1949-1954)." Thesis, University of Kent, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580370.

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Socialist Realism in Poland, as an official art form, was short-lived. Modelled on the Soviet example, it was introduced in 1949 by the Polish communist authorities to serve the function of an ideological tool of educating and indoctrinating the society in accordance to the principles of the communist doctrine. However, the images projected by the state to the masses were better thought of not only as images to condition the social ideology of the people and give them aspirations and ideals, but as a mirror in which the socialist state sought to fashion a self-image of sorts. This thesis consists of five chapters, in which various aspects of Polish Socialist Realism, in relation to the Soviet model of this form of art, are analyzed. Chapter one outlines the historical background of Socialist Realism in Poland in the context of historical changes throughout the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. It includes analysis of the pre-war situation of Polish art, followed by an examination of the Polish national and cultural scene during World War II and the immediate post-war period, leading to the proclamation of Socialist Realism. In the following chapters different themes of Socialist Realism are investigated. Chapter two, for example, looks at different representations of a 'new man' in the context of gender, whilst in chapter three the concept of the 'new man' is analysed through the prism of youth. In chapter four there is an analysis of different forms of visualisation of mass state celebrations both in the Soviet Union and Poland, explaining the techniques of discipline and control used by the communist authorities. The final chapter looks at the theme of the 'enemy of the system' and analyses its imagery.

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Kuznetsova, Alexandra Anatolievna. "Heirarchical geological realism in history matching for reliable reservoir uncertainty predictions." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3282.

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The oil and gas industry has been always associated with huge risks. To minimise these risks, one is looking for the reliable reservoir performance predictions to make better field development decisions. The great challenge associated with reliable predictions is to account for the essential geological uncertainties and propagate them through the engineering model validation process. In this thesis, we propose a new methodology to improve the reliability of reservoir predictions under the Bayesian framework. The first step of the methodology applies the new hierarchical approach to account for essential geological uncertainties from different levels of geological data in facies modelling. As the result of the hierarchical approach, we evaluate the prior range of different geological uncertainties. Facies models greatly affect simulation results but it’s a great challenge to history match them whilst maintaining geological realism. Therefore, next step of the methodology is aiming to improve geological realism during history matching. We propose to combine metric space approach and machine learning classification to evaluate geological relations between multiple geological scenarios and parameters combination and propagate them into history matching. Multidimensional scaling was used to analyse the similarity of the facies models in the metric space. Results of different machine learning classification methods – k-means clustering, Support Vector Machines, Random Forest – were compared to include the ones that performed better into history matching. The reservoir predictions under uncertainty were performed by evaluating the Posterior Probability Distribution under the Bayesian framework and estimating the Credible Intervals (P10, P50, P90). The methodology was applied to a synthetic case study based on a real reservoir of the West Coast of Africa (offshore turbidite reservoir). The main results show that the proposed methodology was able to improve the geological realistic facies model representation during history matching and uncertainty quantification. Some additional controls of facies architecture and facies connectivity modelling could be introduced to improve the quality of the facies realisations.

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12

Jebsen, Peter. "Bolshevik for Capitalism: Ayn Rand & Soviet Socialist Realism." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/134.

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Since the late 1950s, Russian-American novelist and philosopher Ayn Rand has been “the ultimate gateway drug to life on the right.” Her philosophy – “Objectivism” – combined militant atheism, libertarian natural rights, and a philosophical commitment to what she called “the virtue of selfishness,” and earned her the admiration of such luminaries as Alan Greenspan: a remarkable achievement for an immigrant woman who learned to speak English in her late 20s. What is less-often observed is that Rand’s work, especially her mature novels The Fountainhead (1943) and Atlas Shrugged (1957), bear a close stylistic resemblance to the Soviet Socialist Realist novel. This thesis identifies these similarities and attempts to answer the question of why a heavily Soviet-inflected writer was able to reach such cultural and political prominence in, of all places, America.

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13

Pratten, Stephen. "Forms of realism, conceptions of science and approaches to industrial organisation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272784.

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Webb, Kate. "Christina Stead's I'm dying laughing : Hollywood, history and the politics of Bohemia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368183.

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Forrester, Katrina Max. "Liberalism and realism in American political thought, 1950-1990." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283922.

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16

Rave, Maria Eugenia B. "Magical Realism and Latin America." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/RaveMEB2003.pdf.

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Bundy, Dallin J. "Magical Realism and the Space Between Spaces." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1309.

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Magical realism comes from Franz Roh, a german art historian and critic, who first used the term to describe the Post-Expressionism movement in visual art. His seminal writings and definitions on Post-Expressionism, then known as magical realism, were translated into Spanish and made available to Latin America in the mid twentieth century. Authors like Jorge Luis Borges and Gabriel Garcia Marquez adopted Roh's writings and re-appropriated magical realism into literary art, and from there the new genre proliferated through the Latin American Boom and magical realism in literary fiction reached global recognition, inspiring authors across the world to take it up and continue the tradition into the present.

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18

Santos, Kátia Hale dos. "Violência e realismo na particularidade russa." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21259.

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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-25T11:51:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Kátia Hale dos Santos.pdf: 1398276 bytes, checksum: b0012423fefa48a481c4cf0d0138492e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T11:51:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kátia Hale dos Santos.pdf: 1398276 bytes, checksum: b0012423fefa48a481c4cf0d0138492e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-21
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Violence is an integral principle of capitalism from its historical origins to its modern development. The violence toward the semifeudal peasantry that came from English capitalists in the 14th to 17th centuries shaped the pre-history of capitalism. The continuity of this violence toward more primitive peoples shaped the modern history of capitalism. In the first case, this violence is used in order to establish capitalism; in the other, it develops and universalizes its concept. In both cases, violence is inevitable and inseparable from capital. However, in the case of peripheral countries, where the capitalist mode of production is combined with another mode of production, violence becomes even more evident. This paper has the objective of investigating violence in the particular case of Russia and its effect on Maxim Gorky’s realist literature. We start from the premise that structural and ‘naturalized’ violence in Russia between the last quarter of the 19th century to early 20th century – focus of this paper – is inherent to the implementation of the capitalist mode of production and liberal ideals in a feudal society, with different coexisting modes of production, when the brutal violence among the populace was even bigger than in the formality that characterized human relations in capitalism. The unequal rhythm of capitalist development in the international arena in locations that are lagging behind, according to Trotsky, ended up creating its own history in underdeveloped nations, when the late capitalism will be marked by the assimilation of more modern elements from advanced nations and its adaptation to archaic material and cultural conditions. Realist literature is by definition the one that, from reality itself, can go beyond an appearance of reality and meet its essence, representing it in its dynamic totality, in which beginning and end are man himself in his authenticity. Gorky’s work was chosen for its reflection upon the violence brought about in this period, revealing russian society’s contradictions in its process of adherence to capitalism in its imperialist phase, keeping traces of the old regime
A violência é um princípio do capitalismo que o compõe desde a sua gênese ao seu desenvolvimento moderno. A violência originária do capitalismo inglês dos séculos XIVXVII sobre o campesinato semifeudal forma a pré-história do capitalismo. A continuidade desta violência sobre os povos atrasados forma a história moderna do capitalismo. Em um caso, a violência atua para formar o capitalismo; noutro, para desenvolver e universalizar seu conceito. Em ambos, a violência é inevitável e inseparável do capital, mas, no caso dos países periféricos, onde o modo de produção capitalista está associado a outro modo de produção, a violência se faz ainda mais presente. A pesquisa ora apresentada tem como objeto de investigação a violência na particularidade russa e seu reflexo na literatura realista de Máximo Gorki. Partimos do pressuposto de que a violência estrutural e “naturalizada” na Rússia entre o último quartil do século XIX e início do século XX – recorte da pesquisa – é inerente à implementação do modo de produção capitalista e dos ideais liberais numa sociedade de base feudal, coexistindo modos de produção distintos, quando a brutal violência entre os extratos populares era ainda maior que no formalismo que caracteriza as relações humanas no capitalismo. A desigualdade de ritmo do desenvolvimento do capitalismo no plano internacional acabou por impor uma historicidade própria nas localidades atrasadas, segundo Trotsky (1977), quando o capitalismo tardio será marcado pela assimilação de elementos mais modernos das nações avançadas e sua adaptação a condições materiais e culturais arcaicas. A literatura realista é, por definição, aquela que, a partir da própria realidade, consegue ultrapassar a aparência da realidade e ir ao encontro de sua essência, figurando-a em sua totalidade dinâmica, na qual o início e o fim são o próprio homem em sua autenticidade. A obra de Gorki foi eleita por refletir a violência gerada nesse momento, revelando as contradições da sociedade russa no seu processo de aderência ao capitalismo em sua fase imperialista, guardando traços do antigo regime

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19

Mark, Amanda. "Soap opera subculture : emotional realism and empathic identification." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56790.

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Popular feminine narratives, domestic, emotion-based texts through which communities of women have traditionally practiced feminine discourse, have been marginalised by dominant masculine cultures throughout their long history. This continues in the postmodern era, in which the culturally dominant postmodern aesthetic has declared the death of the social, narrative and affect, all intrinsic to the popular feminine narrative. Nevertheless, these narratives persevere in such forms as the daytime television soap opera. Using a reader-oriented model, American soap operas are discussed as a site for the generation of women's pleasure, and as a forum for the raising, sharing and addressing of problems which affect women's lives. Soap opera fan magazines further extend the already social soap opera experience, which celebrates emotion and empathy in a culture which often negates them.

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Guimarães, Marcela Abreu. "Vida e morte de M. J. Gonzaga de Sá: modernização e subjetividade, história e memória em Lima Barreto." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4492.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O estudo ora apresentado pretende concentrar-se, principalmente, na análise do romance Vida e morte de M. J. Gonzaga de Sá e trazer alguma contribuição no que se refere à relação desta obra com aspectos do romance moderno, assim como à identificação de procedimentos narrativos que explicitam traços do realismo de Lima Barreto, perpassados pela experiência da modernidade no Brasil. Nesse percurso, busca-se revelar a dinâmica que se estabelece entre cidade e subjetividade na vinculação com a memória individual e as consequências para a realização da narrativa. Realizou-se, inicialmente, uma abordagem histórica de temas como a origem do romance, a formação do público leitor na Inglaterra e no Brasil e as concepções de realismo que perpassam a forma romance, a fim de se compreender e identificar o lugar da obra de Lima Barreto na história da Literatura. Apresentou-se, ainda, correlação das concepções de memória e história, que podem ser vislumbradas no romance estudado, a partir de estudos teóricos de obras escolhidas de Friedrich Nietzsche e Walter Benjamin
The present study intends to concentrate, especially in the analysis of the novel Vida e morte de M. J. Gonzaga de Sá and bring some contribution with regard to the relationship of this work with aspects of modern romance, as well as the identification of narrative procedures that specify features of the realism of Lima Barreto, steeped in the experience of modernity in Brazil. In this course, we seek to reveal the dynamics that is created between city and subjectivity in linking with the individual memory and the consequences for the completion of the narrative. We carried out an initial approach to historical topics such as the origin of the novel, the formation of the reading public in England and Brazil and conceptions of realism that pervades the novel form, in order to understand and identify the place of Lima Barretos works in the history of literature. Presented is also a correlation of conceptions of history and memory, which can be glimpsed in the novel studied, from theoretical studies of selected works of Friedrich Nietzsche and Walter Benjamin

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Biswas, Moinak 1961. "Historical realism : modes of modernity in Indian cinema, 1940-60." Monash University, School of Literary, Visual and Performance Studies, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7582.

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22

Raines, Torri. "Birdhouse and other stories: Exploring Quiet Realism." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1461239419.

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Archambault, Pauline. "Foregrounding a Contemporary Mode of Realism: The Work of Santiago Sierra." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1397477607.

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Ruminski, Jarret. "“A Terrible Fascination:” Civil War Photography and the Advent of Photographic Realism." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1194962162.

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Hildebrandt, Melinda 1976. "Strands of realism : the instructional, the narrative and the poetic in British cinema, 1929-2003." Monash University, School of Literary, Visual and Performance Studies, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7598.

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Takolander, Maria, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Apprehending butterflies and flying beauties: Bringing magical realism to ground." Deakin University. School of Communication and Creative Arts, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050825.154534.

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Moss, Laura F. E. "An infinity of alternate realities, reconfiguring realism in postcolonial theory and fiction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0004/NQ31944.pdf.

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Xie, Jun. "The Wild Individual| Politics and Aesthetics of Realism in Post-Mao China (1977-1984)." Thesis, New York University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10192412.

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This dissertation attempts to examine Chinese realist novels (novellas) flourishing in the transitional period between Mao’s era and post-Mao era (1976-1984). This period, rarely explored in English-speaking academia, constitutes a critical site to understand the social and cultural transformation from socialist to post-socialist China and to study the “individual” newly formed in that period whose influence continues to shape today’s China. By looking into realist novels, my research attempts to understand this social change and the historical construction of an individual subject distinct from both the human subject conceptualized in the socialist realism in Mao’s era and the bourgeois individual in the 19th century European Realism. Realist novels, which opened a textual space for social imagination in a liminal period, undertook the role of creating a life-world of post-socialist China with its mimetic and critical function, thus launching another “cultural revolution” immediately following the ending of Mao’s “Cultural Revolution.” The main body of my research consists of the analysis of three sub-genres—Enlightenment fiction (Chapter One), humanist fiction (Chapter Two) and peasant’s fiction (Chapter Three), each corresponding respectively to political subject, aesthetic subject and economic subject. The dissertation will show how the enlightenment subject, Kantian subjectivity and “persona economicus” reinvigorated in these fictional imaginations. However, it was also a period in which all these newly constructed “myths” of subject were pressed to meet their internal limits which led to their ineluctable dissolution. This was due to the emergence of the “wild individual,” for example, we can detect the terrifying unrestrained desire of lower class that participated in the discursive formation of the autonomous subject and we can detect the anxiety caused by the accumulation of capital even in the overall optimistic narrative of peasant’s literature.

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Tam, Ho-leung Adrian, and 譚灝樑. "Realism, death and the novel: policing and doctoring in the nineteenth century." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41757828.

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Kwok, Yin-ning, and 郭燕寧. "Concepts of realism and the reception of John Constable's landscape paintings." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39707301.

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Gasiorek, Andrew B. P. (Andrew Boguslaw Peter). "A crisis of metanarratives : realism and innovation in the contemporary English novel." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74280.

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Critics of the English novel, arguing that it is underpinned by liberalism, frequently claim that the crisis of realism disclosed in the work of many contemporary writers derives from a concomitant crisis of liberalism. Liberalism's dissolution is thus seen to prefigure the death of the novel. This dissertation contends that realism cannot be equated with liberalism and that the contemporary crisis of representation signals a broader crisis of metanarratives.
Focussing on selected novels of five post-war English novelists--B. S. Johnson, Doris Lessing, John Berger, Iris Murdoch, and Angus Wilson--I argue that their different responses to the crisis of representation show that it is not a crisis of liberalism alone. Johnson rejects realism for epistemological reasons; Lessing and Berger question it on political grounds; Murdoch and Wilson combine its strengths with a self-reflexive awareness of its weaknesses. I suggest that Murdoch's and Wilson's novels, which argue that fiction does not reflect reality but endows it with meaning and which are at once representational and metafictional, offer the most fruitful ways of acknowledging the crisis of representation while refusing to be paralyzed by it.

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Harrison, Dana M. "Realism in Pain: Literary and Social Constructions of Victorian Pain in the Age of Anaesthesia, 1846-1870." Thesis, Temple University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3564812.

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In 1846 and 1847, ether and chloroform were used and celebrated for the first time in Britain and the United States as effective surgical anaesthetics capable of rendering individuals insensible to physical pain. During the same decade, British novels of realism were enjoying increasing cultural authority, dominating readers' attention, and evoking readers' sympathy for numerous social justice issues. This dissertation investigates a previously unanswered question in studies of literature and medicine: how did writers of social realism incorporate realistic descriptions of physical pain, a notoriously difficult sensation to describe, in an era when the very idea of pain's inevitability was challenged by medical developments and when, concurrently, novelists, journalists, and politicians were concerned with humanitarian reforms to recognize traditionally ignored and disadvantaged individuals and groups in pain? By contextualizing the emergence of specific realist novels including works by Elizabeth Gaskell, Charles Reade, William Howard Russell, and Charles Dickens, within larger nonfiction discourses regarding factory reform, prison reform, and war, this dissertation identifies and clarifies how realist authors, who aim to demonstrate general truths about "real life," employed various descriptions of physical pain during this watershed moment in medicine and pain theory, to convince readers of their validity as well as to awaken sympathetic politics among readers.

This study analyzes Gaskell's first industrial novel, Mary Barton (1848), Reade's prison-scandal novel, It is Never Too Late to Mend (1856), Russell's Crimean War correspondence (1850s) and only novel, The Adventures of Doctor Brady (1868), and Dickens's second Bildungsroman, Great Expectations (1861), thereby revealing different strategies utilized by each author representing pain - ranging from subtle to graphic, collective to individualized, urgent to remembered, and destructive to productive. This study shows how audience expectations, political timing, authorial authority, and medical theory influence and are influenced by realist authors writing pain, as they contribute to a cultural consensus that the pain of others is unacceptable and requires attention. These realist authors must, in the end, provide fictionalized accounts of pain, asking readers to act as witnesses and to use their imaginations, in order to inspire sympathy.

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Luciano, Kelli Mesquita [UNESP]. "Referências históricas e o realismo mágico: as confluências em "Il barone rampante", de Italo Calvino e "El Siglo de las Luces", de Alejo Carpentier." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151095.

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Esta tese objetiva a comparação dos romances Il barone rampante (1957), de Italo Calvino e El Siglo de las Luces (1962), de Alejo Carpentier, pois ambos apresentam confluências no que diz respeito a existência de referencias históricas, uma vez que os enredos transcorrem no século XVIII, em meio a Revolução Francesa e aos ideais iluministas. Além disso, as duas narrativas apresentam indicações de figuras da história oficial assim como a indicação de Instituições históricas. É fundamental destacar que nos dois romances, há acontecimentos insólitos que se referem ao realismo mágico, em Il barone rampante, o protagonista Cosimo vive um estilo de vida incomum sobre as árvores, onde estuda, tem atitudes altruístas e acredita nos ideias revolucionários, enquanto em El Siglo de las Luces, o protagonista é Víctor Hugues que foi inspirado em uma figura da história oficial, um francês que foi comerciante e responsável por disseminar a ideologia revolucionária na região das Antilhas. Sua chegada a Havana, movimenta ativamente a vida dos primos Esteban, Carlos e Sofía, que passam a nutrir interesses pela Revolução, fazem diversos estudos e leituras de autores filosóficos e são moldados pelo pensamento racionalista. No romance carpentiano, Esteban é curado da asma graças a rituais curandeiros fator que pode ser associado ao realismo maravilhoso. Em outros momentos, buscamos evidenciar alguns aspectos fabulistas em Il barone rampante e do barroquismo latino americano em El Siglo de las Luces. No final da tese, apontamos certas características que aproximam ainda mais Il barone rampante de El Siglo de las Luces, visto que são abordadas temáticas em comum nos dois romances, como, por exemplo, a busca pelo conhecimento, a solidão, a frustração, os avanços tecnológicos e a esperança em um mundo melhor por meio do incentivo à educação, ao conhecimento e através de movimentos revolucionários. Em outras palavras, há o tratamento de temas importantíssimos como esses, por meio de uma revisitação ao passado, no caso, à Revolução Francesa serve para levar o leitor à reflexão sobre os contextos que os autores viveram no século XX, a exemplo do fascismo e dos movimentos de resistência na Itália; da ditadura em Cuba bem como o triunfo da Revolução Cubana, ou seja, movimentos de resistência que necessitaram da união coletiva para que houvesse de fato mudanças benéficas para população, condição fundamental que permeia o modo de agir dos personagens das obras analisadas. Esses movimentos até os dias atuais são imprescindíveis para que haja transformações concretas na sociedade em torno da igualdade, do respeito e da aplicação dos direitos humanos para todos.
This thesis aims at the comparison of the novels Il barone rampante (1957), by Italo Calvino and El Siglo de las Luces (1962), by Alejo Carpentier, since both have confluences regarding the existence of historical references, since the entanglements both of which take place in the eighteenth century, amidst the French Revolution and the Enlightenment ideals. In addition, the two narratives present indications of figures of the official history as well as the indication of Historical Institutions. It is important to note that in the two novels, there are unusual events that refer to magical realism, in Il barone rampante, the protagonist Cosimo lives an unusual lifestyle on the trees, where he studies, has altruistic attitudes and believes in revolutionary ideas, while in El Siglo de las Luces, the protagonist is Víctor Hugues who was inspired by an official history figure, a french who was a merchant and responsible for spreading the revolutionary ideology in the Antilles region. His arrival in Havana actively moves the lives of the cousins Esteban, Carlos and Sofía, who begin to nurture interests for the Revolution, do various studies and readings of philosophical authors and are shaped by rationalist thinking. In the Carpentian novel, Esteban is cured of asthma thanks to ritual healers, factor that can be associated with magical realism. At other times, we tried to evidence some fabulous aspects in Il barone rampante and the Latin American baroque in El Siglo de las Luces. At the end of the thesis, we point out certain characteristics that approach even more the Il barone rampante to El Siglo de las Luces, since themes are discussed in common in both novels, such as the search for knowledge, loneliness, frustration, technological advances and hope for a better world by encouraging education, knowledge and revolutionary movements. In other words, there is the treatment of such important subjects as a revision of the past, in this case the French Revolution, serves to lead the reader to reflect on the contexts that the authors lived in the twentieth century, such as fascism and Resistance movements in Italy; of the dictatorship in Cuba, as well as the triumph of the Cuban Revolution, that is, resistance movements that necessitated a collective union so that there was indeed beneficial changes for the population, a fundamental condition that permeates the behavior of the characters in the analyzed literary works. These movements until nowadays are essentials for concrete transformations in society around equality, respect and the application of human rights for all.

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Johansson, Oskar. "Bad or even worse : Exploring the critical decisions of Japan in 1940 and 1941, in the light of contemporary neoclassical realism." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Statsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-26542.

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Several contemporary theories in the neo-realist corpus, modifies earlier assumptions about unit level behavior. The explanatory value of these theories has to be tested. The aim of this research, was to test the explanatory value of Davide Fiammenghis theory about the security curve, and Nuno P. Monteiros theory about unipolarity. In order to test the theories, a case study was designed where Japans aggression against the USA in 1941, was used as a least-likely case. Inspired by the idea from neo-classical realism, that the perceptions of decisions makers can vary considerably from real conditions, I used primary sources to study the perceptions and calculations inside the Japanese government. Three critical foreign policy decisions, made by the Japanese government in 1940 and 1941 were analyzed. Fimmenghis theory were first rejected, yet when it was modified to fit the condition of asymmetric economic dependence, it fit well the data. The study also indicated, that Monteiros theory can explain state behavior, if a state anticipates that it could end up in unipolar, international system.

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Jaynes, Lindsey. "The Authority of Difference: Culturally Effected Realism in Whitman and Henry James." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1309283371.

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Gardner, Barbara J. "Speaking Voices in Postcolonial Indian Novels from Orientalism to Outsourcing." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_diss/85.

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In Orientalism, Edward Said identified how the Westerner “spoke for” and represented the silent Orient. Today with the burgeoning call-center business with India, it seems that the West now wants the Orient to speak for it. But is the voice that Western business requires in India a truly Indian voice? Or is it a manipulation which is a new form of the silencing of the Indian voice? This dissertation identifies how several Postcolonial Indian writers challenge the silence of Orientalism and the power issues of the West through various “speaking voices” of narratives representative of Indian life. Using Julie Kristeva’s abjection theory as a lens, this dissertation reveals Arundhati Roy as “speaking abjection” in The God of Small Things. Even Roy’s novelistic setting suffers abjection through neocolonialism. Salman Rushdie’s narrative method of magic realism allows “speaking trauma” as his character Saleem in Midnight’s Children suffers the traumas of Partition and Emergency as an allegorical representation of India. Using magic realism Saleem is able to speak the unspeakable. Other Indian voices, Bapsi Sidhwa, Khushwant Singh, and Rohinton Mistry “speak history” as their novels carry the weight of conveying an often-absent official history of Partition and the Emergency, history verified by Partition surviror interviews. In Such a Long Journey, Mistry uses an anthrozoological theme in portraying issues of power over innocence. Recognizing the choices and negotiations of immigrant life through the coining of the word (dis)assimilation, Jhumpa Lahiri’s writings are analyzed in terms of a “speaking voice” of (dis)assimilation for Indian immigrants in the United States, while Zadie Smith’s White Teeth “speaks (dis)assimilation” as a voice of multiple ethnicites negotiating immigrant life in the United Kingdom. Together these various “speaking voices” show the power of Indian writers in challenging the silence of Orientalism through narrative.

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Fedorova, Anastasia. "Japan's Quest for Cinematic Realism from the Perspective of Cultural Dialogue between Japan and Soviet Russia, 1925-1955." Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188789.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第18351号
人博第664号
新制||人||160(附属図書館)
25||人博||664(吉田南総合図書館)
31209
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻
(主査)教授加藤幹郎, 教授服部文昭, 教授松田英男
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Godbey, Margaret J. "Vying for Authority: Realism, Myth, and the Painter in British Literature, 1800-1855." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/81444.

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English
Ph.D.
Over the last forty years, nineteenth-century British art has undergone a process of recovery and reevaluation. For nineteenth-century women painters, significant reevaluation dates from the early 1980s. Concurrently, the growing field of interart studies demonstrates that developments in art history have significant repercussions for literary studies. However, interdisciplinary research in nineteenth-century painting and literature often focuses on the rich selection of works from the second half of the century. This study explores how transitions in English painting during the first half of the century influenced the work of British writers. The cultural authority of the writer was unstable during the early decades. The influence of realism and the social mobility of the painter led some authors to resist developments in English art by constructing the painter as a threat to social order or by feminizing the painter. For women writers, this strategy was valuable for it allowed them to displace perceptions about emotional or erotic aspects of artistic identity onto the painter. Connotations of youth, artistic high spirits, and unconventional morality are part of the literature of the nineteenth-century painter, but the history of English painting reveals that this image was a figure of difference upon which ideological issues of national identity, gender, and artistic hierarchy were constructed. Beginning with David Wilkie, and continuing with Margaret Carpenter, Richard Redgrave and Dante Gabriel Rossetti, I trace the emergence of social commitment and social realism in English painting. Considering art and artists from the early decades in relation to depictions of the painter in texts by Maria Edgeworth, Edward Bulwer Lytton, Mary Shelley, Joseph Le Fanu, Felicia Hemans, Lady Sydney Morgan, and William Makepeace Thackeray, reveals patterns of representation that marginalized British artists. However, writers such as Letitia Elizabeth Landon and Robert Browning supported contemporary painting and rejected literary myths of the painter. Articulating disparities between the lived experience of painters and their representation calls for modern literary critics to reassess how nineteenth-century writers wrote the painter, and why. Texts that portray the painter as a figure of myth elide gradations of hierarchy in British culture and the important differentiations that exist within the category of artist.
Temple University--Theses

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Schwalm, Tanja. "Animal writing : magical realism and the posthuman other." Thesis, University of Canterbury. English, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4470.

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Magical realist fiction is marked by a striking abundance of animals. Analysing magical realist novels from Australia and Canada, as well as exploring the influence of two seminal Latin American magical realist narratives, this thesis focuses on representations of animals and animality. Examining human-animal relationships in the postcolonial context reveals that magical realism embodies and represents an idea of feral animality that critically engages with an inherently imperialist and Cartesian humanism, and that, moreover, accounts for magical realism's elusiveness within systems of genre categorisation and labelling. It is this embodiment and presence of animal agency that animates magical realism and injects it with life and vibrancy. The magical realist writers discussed in this dissertation make use of animal practices inextricably intertwined with imperialism, such as pastoral farming, natural historical collections, the circus, the rodeo, the Wild West show, and the zoo, as well as alternative animal practices inherently incompatible with European ideologies, such as the Aboriginal Dreaming, Native North American animist beliefs, and subsistence hunting, as different ways of positioning themselves in relation to the Cartesian human subject. The circus is a particular influence on the form and style of many magical realist texts, whereby oxymoronically structured circensian spaces form the basis of the narratives‟ realities, and hierarchical imperial structures and hegemonic discourses that are portrayed as natural through Cartesian science and Linnaean taxonomies are revealed as deceptive illusions that perpetuate the self-interests of the powerful.

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RODRIGUES, Leonardo de Melo. "Deleuze e a história: do pensamento do possível ao pensamento do virtual." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2355.

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This dissertation aims to establish a relation between the thought of Gilles Deleuze and historical science. We started from the concept of realism, as it was worked by the historian Jacques Rancière. According to this concept, the thought of the current story is marked by Nihilism, and especially by the thought of the Possibility. The thought of the possibility is a determination of the Historical event from its possibility s, a subsumption of the event to the possibility system of a certain time. It is through the possibility thought that we try to elaborate a relation between the thought of Deleuze and historical science. The thought of this author gives us "lines of flight or fight", which shifts the history of thought as possible. However, before that, one another issue still requires our attention: the critique Deleuzian criticism to the history. Is there a radical and exclusive critique of the history in the thinking of this author? After examining this issue, giving a negative answer, we present some points from the philosophy of Difference and Repetition, in order to outline the design of singular conception of history in this system. The hypothesis here is that this notion of history is not constructed on the thought of possibilities but in the thought possible, but in the thought of the virtual. In this sense, rather than being subsumed in a negative ontology of the event and a time of anti-event, elements that correspond to the thinking of the possible, the notion of history produced by the philosophy of Difference and Repetition is a history that has an affirmative ontology of the event and a time that is the time of the event
Esta dissertação tem por objetivo elaborar uma relação entre o pensamento de Gilles Deleuze e a ciência histórica. Para isso, partimos do conceito de realismo, tal como este foi trabalhado pelo historiador Jacques Rancière. De acordo com este conceito, o plano de pensamento da história atual é marcado por um niilismo, e, principalmente, por um pensamento do possível. O pensamento do possível é uma determinação do acontecimento histórico a partir de sua condição de possibilidade; uma subsunção do acontecimento ao sistema de possibilidade de uma determinada época. É através deste pensamento do possível que tentamos elaborar uma relação entre o pensamento de Deleuze e a ciência histórica. Já que o pensamento deste autor nos fornece linhas de fuga , que desloca a história do pensamento do possível. Todavia, antes dessa, um outra questão ainda requer a nossa atenção: a crítica deleuzeana à história. Será que há uma crítica radical e exclusiva à história no pensamento deste autor? Após examinarmos esta questão, dando-lhe uma resposta negativa, apresentamos alguns pontos da filosofia da diferença e da repetição, com o intuito de esboçar a singular concepção de história contida nesse sistema. A hipótese que lançamos aqui é a de que esta noção de história não está calcada num pensamento do possível, e sim num pensamento do virtual. Nesse sentido, ao invés de estar subsumida a uma ontologia negativa do acontecimento e a um tempo do anti-acontecimento, elementos que correspondem ao pensamento do possível, a noção de história produzida pela filosofia da diferença e da repetição é uma história que possui uma ontologia afirmativa do acontecimento e um tempo que é o tempo do acontecimento

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Andrus, Timothy G. "Stuart Davis's Early Theoretical Writing, 1918–1923: Realism, Cubism, and Dada." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4589.

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This dissertation provides the first in-depth examination of American artist Stuart Davis’s early theoretical writings made between 1918 and 1923. These writings are seminal documents in his artistic development. They lay the foundation for the creation of some of his most important works, inlcuding his groundbreaking Tobacco paintings of 1921 to his renowned Egg Beater series of 1927–1928, which Davis claimed set the direction for all his subsequent artistic output. One of the key ideas in these early writings is Davis’s concept of realism. This study traces the origin of Davis’s realism to his interaction with a network of ideas arising from cubism, symbolism, New York dada, and anarchist philosophy. In doing so, this study considers how Davis’s notion of realism informed both the development of his style and his iconography in his works of the 1920s.

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Lindholm, Cizzi. "Stanislavskij & Brecht - en teaterteoretisk jämförelse ur ett idéhistoriskt perspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-17653.

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Det finns både skillnader och likheter mellan Stanislavskij och Brecht. En av de tydligaste är att de har olika ismer i grunden, Stanislavskij är naturalist och Brecht är realist. Dessa ismer gränsar till varandra i det att de båda vill ge en så realistisk bild av verkligheten som möjligt, men tar olika vägar i synen på verkligheten och hur denna ska avbildas på bästa sätt. Där Stanislavskij vill ha total inlevelse vill Brecht fjärma och hålla distans. Där Brecht bara låter skådespelaren ge utlopp för sina känslor i det inledande repetitionsarbetet låter Stanislavskij känslan vara med som en röd tråd genom hela processen från rollskapande till färdig föreställning. Jag har även kommit fram till att politiken, i synnerhet kommunismen och den socialistiska realismen, tilläts större utrymme hos Brecht än hos Stanislavskij. Vidare ansåg både Stanislavskij och Brecht att publiken hade en jämförelsevis stor roll i teaterns varande. Brecht menade att publikens möjlighet till kritisk eftertanke var det viktigaste för teatern i det stora hela, detta samtidigt som underhållningsfaktorn vägde tungt. Stanislavskij å sin sida strävade istället efter publikens beständiga upplevelse av den verklighet som skådespelarna åskådliggjorde på scenen, för honom var det viktigare att publiken trodde på vad de såg än att de blev roade.

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43

Potkalitsky, Nicolas J. "Refracted Realism and the Ethical Dominant in Contemporary American Fiction." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563283222402333.

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Carstocea, George. "Reality, language, and history: three facets of contemporary Romanian cinema." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12312.

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Thesis (M.F.A.)--Boston University PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
The purpose of this thesis is to closely analyze some of the individual authorial voices that have emerged from contemporary Romanian cinema. Billed by the international critical establishment as a "New Wave," the recent slate of Romanian productions, while very successful on the international festival circuit, still lacks an apt conceptualization of the precise characteristics that set these new filmmakers apart, not only from other international directors, but also from one another. The analysis focuses on six recent productions: Stuffand Dough (2001), The Death of Mr. Lazarescu (2005) and Aurora (2010) by Cristi Puiu, 12:08 East of Bucharest (2006) and Police, Adjective (2010) by Corneliu Porumboiu, and The Autobiography of Nicolae Ceausescu (2010) by Andrei Ujica, breaking down the individual authorial characteristics and thematic and stylistic concerns of each filmmaker and contextualizing them within the larger history of Romanian film, as well as the trajectories of international art cinema.

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45

Fung, Kit-ting, and 馮潔婷. "Decolonizing fictions: the subversion of 19thcentury realist fiction." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953001.

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46

Utter, Hans Fredrick. "Networks of Music and History: Vilayat Khan and the Emerging Sitar." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1308392450.

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47

Connor, Laura. "Frameworks: The Limits of Perception and Representation in Spanish Narrative and Painting, 1880-1920." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11486.

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Realism is a mode of representation that purports to depict contemporary society objectively and in its entirety. By contrast, modernist artists are often regarded as having turned away from external reality to represent subjective states and to emphasize the artistic (versus mimetic) qualities of art. Building on recent scholarship that has demonstrated that Spanish realist authors were mindful of the limitations of the realist project, this study examines frames as devices through which both realist and modernist authors and artists working in fin-de-siècle Spain signal the limits of perception and representation.
Romance Languages and Literatures

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48

Vines, Jacob L. "Encounters with the American Prairie: Realism, Idealism, and the Search for the Authentic Plains in the Nineteenth Century." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2511.

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The Great Plains are prevalent among the literature of the nineteenth century, but receive hardly a single representation among the landscapes of the Hudson River School. This is certainly surprising; the public was teeming with interest in the Midwest and yet the principal landscape painters who aimed to represent and idealize a burgeoning America offered hardly a glance past the Mississippi River. This geographical silence is the result of a tension between idealistic and empirical representations of the land, one echoed in James Fenimore Cooper’s The Prairie, Washington Irving’s A Tour on the Prairies, and Margaret Fuller’s Summer on the Lakes, in 1843. Margaret Fuller’s more physical and intimate Transcendentalism unifies this tension in a manner that heralds the rise of the Luminists and the plains-scapes of Worthington Whittredge.

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Botchkareva, Anastassiia Alexandra. "Representational Realism in Cross-Cultural Perspective: Changing Visual Cultures in Mughal India and Safavid Iran, 1580-1750." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13070051.

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The concept of realism in visual representation has been defined and deployed largely within the domain of the Western artistic canon. In the field of art history, the term is often used in ways that depend on implicit, culturally coded assumptions about its connection with the formal markers of optical-naturalism. The Persianate tradition of pictorial representation by contrast, has been traditionally characterized in modern scholarship as stylized and decorative, with little acknowledgment of an interest in realism in its own visual language. Furthermore, normative Euro-centric attitudes have perpetuated the assumption that an engagement with realism entered Persianate artistic practices with the advent of Europeanizing modes of depiction in Safavid and Mughal spheres of production around the late sixteenth-century. This dissertation explores the topic of realism from the perspective of Persianate visual culture. In so doing, it proposes to refine our understanding of the concept in terms that accommodate the varied artistic production of cultures that laid claims to cultivating representational realism in their own primary sources. The first chapter draws on multi-disciplinary discussions to challenge art historical treatments of pictorial realism as a style, in favor of a functional definition of the concept as an emergent quality rooted in formal strategies that activate particular patterns of mirror-response in their audiences. The second and third chapters reject the principle of evaluating the realism of Persianate representations according to their degree of proximity to European models. The second chapter discusses the structural conditions of change in visual habitus in cases of inter-cultural encounter between foreign modes of representation and the resulting works of aesthetic hybridity. The third chapter presents material evidence of early modern Safavid and Mughal albums as discourses of aesthetic heterogeneity. The fourth chapter explores the local Persianate roots of realism, including the changes these realism strategies underwent in the early modern period. The fifth and final chapter develops case studies of two seventeenth-century Mughal and Safavid drawings, which cultivate representational enlivenment in depicting harrowing moments of death. The discussion delves in greater detail into the particular patterns of realism developed in the seventeenth-century Persianate visual culture.
History of Art and Architecture

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Lutas, Liviu. "Biblique des derniers gestes de Patrick Chamoiseau : Fantastique et Histoire." Doctoral thesis, Lund University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-28662.

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Patrick Chamoiseau is arguably the most prominent cultural personality from the French island of Martinique. His reputation is due to the worldwide success of his novels, especially Texaco, winner of the Prix Goncourt-award in 1992, but also to the fact that he is the leading theorist of the Créolité, an ideological movement whose aim is to preserve the character of Creole identity and culture against the threat of assimilation. Chamoiseau’s importance in an ideological context tends to overshadow his literary qualities, his novels being often seen as illustrations of his political ideas.Although Chamoiseau’s ideological views aren’t totally absent from his literary work, his novels strike the reader as extremely complex constructions, containing far more than a subversive aspect. An aspect that has been neglected by the critics is for example the supernatural. Probably because of the geographic vicinity to South America, Chamoiseau’s use of the supernatural has been, rather hastily, considered as typical of magical realism or marvellous realism. This dissertation aims at showing that the fantastic, as defined by Tzvetan Todorov (1970), is better suited to describe this aspect of Chamoiseau’s novels, especially Biblique des derniers gestes (2002).Our main objective is, however, not to decide whether the novel belongs to the fantastic as a genre, but to examine the reasons why it is used. A close analysis shows that it is often in relation to the past of Martinique that the supernatural appears. Thanks to the theory of the fantastic, we find three possible explanations of this fact. Firstly, the supernatural is juxtaposed to the real in order to reveal its limits and its “constructedness”. Martinican past thus appears as a French construction. Secondly, the fantastic can be used to reveal the absence of genuine Martinican history. Finally, the fantastic can be a reminder of a terrible event from the past. In conclusion it can be said that Chamoiseau uses the fantastic in order to write the history of an event that he sees as the origin of Martinique: slavery. By doing this he contributes to the fantastic as well, by showing that it is not necessarily gratuitous and by providing a good example of original and innovative use.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'History of realism'

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