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Journal articles on the topic 'History of realism'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Boardman, Frank. "Realism about Film and Realism in Films." Film and Philosophy 24 (2020): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/filmphil2020244.

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Realism has a significant place in the history of film theory. The claim that film is essentially a realistic art form has been employed to justify the art-status of films as well as the distinctness of film as a form. André Bazin and others once used realist ontologies of film to try to establish realist teleologies and universal critical standards. I briefly sketch this history before considering the prospects for various versions of realism: Bazin’s, as well as Kendall Walton’s and Gregory Currie’s less ambitious but more plausible accounts. I argue that these theories, though they are the best cases we have for realism, are not adequate ontologies of film. However, while prior realist philosophers and critics were wrong to think that realism can provide a critical standard for all films, realism is nonetheless a praiseworthy filmic achievement - one that the opponent of ontological realism should not dismiss.

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2

Ercolino, Stefano. "Realism and Dialectic: The Speculative Turn and the History of the Nineteenth-Century European Novel." Novel 53, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00295132-8309515.

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Abstract A narrative impulse and a scenic impulse: as Fredric Jameson persuasively argues in The Antinomies of Realism, the history of literary realism has been shaped by the dialectic between these two competing drives, each identified by a specific temporality. Yet realism's dialectic between a narrative and a scenic impulse omits something crucial if we are to understand European realist narrative, especially in the second half of the nineteenth century. This article reassesses Jameson's dialectical view of realism in light of the speculative turn in the history of the European novel in 1860s Russian and 1880s French narrative. I will query Jameson's dialectic of realism and subsume it under a larger dialectical framework encompassing a further, temporally neuter impulse. This is the speculative impulse, which will help us reconsider some of the most important developments of nineteenth-century European realism.

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3

Lord, Timothy C. "Collingwood, Idealism, Realism, and the Possibility of Historical Knowledge." Journal of the Philosophy of History 11, no. 3 (November 7, 2017): 342–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18722636-12341378.

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Abstract Collingwood argued that most theories of knowledge in English, up to his time, had been based on perception and scientific thinking; thus, if true, they made history impossible. So how is historical knowledge possible? Collingwood argued that only an idealistic philosophy can account for the possibility of historical knowledge. Consequently he integrated with his idealist theory of history a forceful and damaging critique of the “naive realism” of his day. In this paper I defend Collingwood’s idealist answer to this question, demonstrating how he hoped to broaden the scope of English epistemology through his anti-realist philosophy of history. I also analyze a recently theorized and purportedly more sophisticated form of historical realism which has been theorized by Chris Lorenz. Lorenz borrows Putnam’s notion of internal realism to argue for a historical realism which can account for knowledge of the real past. I argue that internal realism fails as historical realism. Collingwood’s idealism is a better response to relativism as well as naive realism than is internal realism. I conclude that Collingwood’s answer to the question of historical knowledge – which as I show, is Kantian in character – demanded of him, and perhaps demands of us today, a break with the dominant philosophies of perception, truth, and logic.

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4

Lloyd, Christopher. "Realism, structurism, and history." Theory and Society 18, no. 4 (July 1989): 451–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00136435.

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5

Melchert, N. "Metaphysical realism and history." Analysis 46, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/46.1.36.

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6

Sharma, Khum Prasad. "Magic Realism as Rewriting Postcolonial Identity: A Study of Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children." SCHOLARS: Journal of Arts & Humanities 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sjah.v3i1.35376.

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Magic realism as a literary narrative mode has been used by different critics and writers in their fictional works. The majority of the magic realist narrative is set in a postcolonial context and written from the perspective of the politically oppressed group. Magic realism, by giving the marginalized and the oppressed a voice, allows them to tell their own story, to reinterpret the established version of history written from the dominant perspective and to create their own version of history. This innovative narrative mode in its opposition of the notion of absolute history emphasizes the possibility of simultaneous existence of many truths at the same time. In this paper, the researcher, in efforts to unfold conditions culturally marginalized, explores the relevance of alternative sense of reality to reinterpret the official version of colonial history in Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children from the perspective of magic realism. As a methodological approach to respond to the fiction text, magic realism endows reinterpretation and reconsideration of the official colonial history in reaffirmation of identity of the culturally marginalized people with diverse voices.

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7

Inclendon, John, Lois Parkinson Zamora, and Wendy B. Faris. "Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community." Hispania 79, no. 1 (March 1996): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/345606.

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8

Perez, Genaro J., Lois Parkinson Zamora, and Wendy B. Faris. "Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community." South Central Review 14, no. 2 (1997): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3189962.

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9

Swales, Martin, Lois Parkinson Zamora, and Wendy B. Faris. "Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community." Modern Language Review 93, no. 1 (January 1998): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3733637.

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10

Hart, Patricia, Lois Parkinson Zamora, and Wendy B. Faris. "Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community." World Literature Today 70, no. 3 (1996): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40042325.

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11

González, Eduardo. "Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community." MLN 110, no. 4 (1995): 999–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mln.1995.0070.

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12

Myers, Robert J. "Hans Morgenthau's Realism and American Foreign Policy." Ethics & International Affairs 11 (March 1997): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1997.tb00031.x.

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As the father of the realist theory of international relations, Hans Morgenthau consistently argued that international politics is governed by the competitive and conflictual nature of humankind. Myers discusses the history of U.S. foreign policy and the ongoing debate over the continued relevance of realist thought in the post-Cold War era. He argues that despite vast changes in the international system, realism remains relevant as an accurate description of human nature and hence of the interactions among nations. Analyzing Morgenthau's Politics Among Nations, Myers provides a point-by-point discussion of his theory. He concludes by stating that the relevance of realism will be seen particularly in the search for a new balance of power in the post-Cold War world.

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13

Hare, John E. "PRESCRIPTIVE REALISM." Philosophia Reformata 71, no. 1 (December 2, 2006): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117-90000373.

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In my book God’s Call1 I gave an historical account of the debate within twentieth century analytic philosophy between moral realism and expressivism. Moral realism is the view that moral properties like goodness or cruelty exist independently of our making judgements that things have such properties. Such judgements are, on this theory, objectively true when the things referred to have the specified properties and objectively false when they do not. Expressivism is the view that when a person makes a moral judgment, she is expressing emotion or desire or will. I used the term ‘orectic’ (from the Greek orexis) to refer to these mental states, because we do not have in English a sufficiently general term. In God’s Call, I started with a moral realist whom I called a ‘platonist’, G. E. Moore, and then I traced the argument through the emotivists, A. J. Ayer and Charles Stevenson, and the prescriptivist, R. M. Hare, and Iris Murdoch, whom I called a ‘humble platonist’, and J. L. Mackie’s ‘error theory’, and John McDowell, whose theory I call ‘disposition theory’, and David Brink, the ‘new-wave realist’, and Allan Gibbard, who calls his own theory ‘norm expressivism’. My project was to collect together the concessions that the two sides of the debate have made to each other over the course of this history, and then to construct a position which molds these concessions into a single coherent theory. I called this theory ‘prescriptive realism’.

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14

Ferraris, Maurizio. "A brief history of new realism." Filozofija i drustvo 27, no. 3 (2016): 591–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1603597f.

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In this paper I try to sketch a brief history of new realism. Starting from nineteenth century idealism, I then move on to discuss twentieth century postmodernism, which, I argue, is the heir of idealism and the theoretical enemy of new realism. Finally, I offer a reconstruction of how and why contemporary new realism came into being and propose a few remarks on its future perspectives.

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15

Córdoba, Paulo. "Realismo e historia." Principia: an international journal of epistemology 24, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 203–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2020v24n1p203.

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This article argues that the reality principle must be accepted as a necessary condition for any adequate historical research. The first part explores the arguments of the hermeneutical realism, in order to rescue some of them and showing their importance for the historical theory. The second part reconstructs a debate between historical theory, literary theory, linguistic turn and hermeneutical realism, aiming to expose the risks of anti-realism for the historical discipline. At the end, it is expected to present a perspective that points out what is the meaning of rescue realist elements that supports a not arbitrary historical research.

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16

Carrier, David, and Michael Fried. "Courbet's Realism." History and Theory 30, no. 3 (October 1991): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2505565.

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17

Merritt, David. "Cosmological realism." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 88 (August 2021): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.05.011.

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18

Schmidt, Brian C. "Realism as tragedy." Review of International Studies 30, no. 3 (July 2004): 427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210504006151.

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In 1948, Hans J. Morgenthau wrote his classic text, Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace, that was largely responsible for establishing realism as the prevailing theory in the field of International Relations (IR). In 1979, Kenneth N. Waltz wrote an immensely influential book, Theory of International Politics, that resulted in a new structural version of realism – neorealism – becoming the dominant theory in IR. John J. Mearsheimer, who is the R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, has written a profoundly important book that rightfully deserves a prominent place along with Morgenthau and Waltz in the canon of realist thought about international politics. Mearsheimer's clearly written book puts forth a new structural theory of realism that he terms offensive realism. This version of realism argues that the observable patterns of behaviour among all of the great powers throughout history, most notably their ubiquitous power-seeking, can be explained by the fact that they exist in a condition of anarchy in which there is no higher source of authority above them. While sharing many of the same basic assumptions with neorealism, offensive realism, as elucidated by Mearsheimer, provides a fundamentally different account of the essential dynamics of international politics than that which Waltz and his students have been offering for the last twenty years or so.

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19

Kendra, Milan. "LITERARY REALISM IN THE SHAPING OF SLOVAK CULTURE." Journal of Education Culture and Society 12, no. 2 (September 25, 2021): 455–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs2021.2.455.468.

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Aim. The aim of the study is to clarify the internal complexity of the Slovak literary realist discourse and its diverse relations to the heterogeneous artistic, cultural and ideological discourses of the last third of the 19th century. Attention is focused on the appropriation and adaptation of stimuli from other social systems, as well as on the specific literary operations that modify literary realism as an artistic discourse constructing an intelligible world in a cultural sense. Methods. As a theoretical concept, realism is defined as a type of representation or representation technique associated with a set of textual conventions, complex referential and self-referential figures. As a literary-historical discourse and event situated in a particular moment of history, realism is governed by period-specific principles (operating in the mechanism of culture) of selection, evaluating and connecting the phenomena of reality. Only with this dichotomy the multiplicity of paradoxes, syncretism and heterogeneous character of Slovak literary realism can be captured. The theory of social systems (N. Luhmann) allows for a more complex view of realist literature as an autopoietic system in the context of modern society as a system of communications differentiated into a network of separate social subsystems interrelated by the medium of language. Finally, the theory of fictional worlds proposes selective and formative operations that explicate the construction of realist fictional world and the stratification of its functions (B. Fořt). Results. Among the configurational relations of Slovak literary realism, the concept of ideal realism is highlighted as a model of literary aesthetics that flexibly interacted with the discourse of national revival to provide an adequate expression of contemporary Slovak cultural and national interests. Two literary-aesthetic modifications of ideal realism (creative and voluntarist, originated by Svetozár Hurban Vajanský, and deterministic, represented in the prose works of Martin Kukučín) are analysed in detail in order to show the inner complexity of the literary-realist discourse and to manifest its semantic multidimensionality in the 1880s.

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20

Margolis, Joseph. "History and Realism under the Condition of History." Dialogue and Universalism 5, no. 11 (1995): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du1995511/1226.

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21

Shotter, John. "Is Bhaskar's critical realism only a theoretical realism ?" History of the Human Sciences 5, no. 3 (August 1992): 157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095269519200500315.

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22

Oude Maatman, Freek. "Folk psychology and network theory: Fact or gamble? A reply to Kalis and Borsboom." Theory & Psychology 30, no. 5 (October 2020): 729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354320952863.

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Kalis and Borsboom (2020) defend their realism about folk psychology against my challenge to provide a grounding argument for the correctness of folk psychological explanation (Oude Maatman, 2020). In this reply, I show how their clarified realism in fact vindicates this challenge, as it heavily relies on the predictive success of folk psychology. I then proceed by describing how their realist interpretation of “intentional content” complicates the usability of network theory, and show that both their antireductionism and realism are grounded in an empirical gamble against alternatives. I end with a brief defense of my own version of network theory.

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23

Talachian, Sina. "Transcending the Realism/Anti-Realism Divide in the Philosophy of History." Philosophy 92, no. 2 (February 10, 2017): 183–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819117000018.

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AbstractIn this essay an attempt is made to transcend the divide between realists and anti-realists in the philosophy of history by proposing an alternative account of understanding the past, one based on the nature of testimonies, specifically theirscopeanddepth. This is done through a critical engagement with the works of prominent realist and anti-realist philosophers of history (Bevir/Lorenz and Ankersmit/White, respectively); other philosophers working on relevant topics such as epistemology, and historians who have written on historical method. The alternative account thus developed is then tested by applying it to the case of theHistorikerstreit, the bitterly waged historian's struggle concerning the history and legacy of Nazism. On the surface it appears to affirm the anti-realist position that posits historical narratives as being inherently normative/aesthetic given the inadequacies of the ‘thick’ realist position, but upon closer scrutiny it demonstrates the merit of my alternative, testimony-based ‘thin’ realist account.

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24

Dimitracopoulos, Costas. "Realism vs anti-realism and alternative logics." Metascience 22, no. 2 (February 9, 2013): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11016-013-9751-0.

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25

Wilson, Robert A. "Promiscuous Realism." British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 47, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjps/47.2.303.

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26

Sanzhenakov, Alexander. "Scientific realism in the history of ancient philosophy." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 14, no. 2 (2020): 702–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2020-14-2-702-708.

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The article is devoted to the consideration of the possibility of applying the methodological principles of scientific realism in the history of ancient philosophy. The author shows that in its strong version, scientific realism is not an appropriate basis for historical research, since it involves minimizing the number of interpretations of philosophical material of the past. Another serious drawback of applying strong versions of scientific realism in the history of philosophy is their focus on the correspondent theory of truth. This theory does not fit the historian of philosophy, since she aims not only at creating a realistic picture of the past, but also at incorporating the philosophical ideas of the past into the modern context, therefore a coherent theory of truth is more likely to meet her objectives. After a brief review of the weak versions of realism (H. Putnam’s “internal realism”, S. Blackburn’s “quasi-realism” and “sensibility theory”), the author concludes that these kinds of realism are more suitable for the history of philosophy in general and for the history of ancient philosophy in particular. As a result, the author concludes that the historian of philosophy must take into account the objectivity and independence of the philosophical ideas of the past, and inevitably be guided by his own conceptual and terminological facilities in order to incorporate the ideas of the past into the modern philosophical context.

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27

Stephanson, Anders. "Stalin's Hyper-Realism." Diplomatic History 25, no. 1 (January 2001): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0145-2096.00253.

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28

Haber, Maya. "Socialist Realism and the Study of Rural Life, 1945–1958." Soviet and Post-Soviet Review 41, no. 2 (July 10, 2014): 194–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763324-04102007.

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The campaign against cosmopolitanism (1946–1953) forced social scientists to develop a methodology that captured socialist transformation in a socialist realist vernacular. The article examines the way socialist realism served as a prism through which to identify, categorize, and order research objects. Focusing primarily a 1951 ethnographic expedition to Voronezh province and its search for a “typical” village, the article argues that ethnographers, like other social scientists, perceived themselves as social engineers and their mission as molding soviet society into a socialist realist form. In this sense, scientists used socialist realism as a mechanism to distill reality into socialism. The article suggests that rather than discuss the truth value of soviet social scientific knowledge, historians should conceptualize these scholars’ work as manifestations of a unique soviet impulse to transform society.

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29

Redfern, Nick. "Realism, Radical Constructivism, and Film History." Essays in Philosophy 7, no. 2 (2006): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eip2006724.

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As a technology and an art form perceived to be capable of reproducing the world, it has long been thought that the cinema has a natural affinity with reality. In this essay I consider the Realist theory of film history out forward by Robert C. Allen and Douglas Gomery from the perspective of Radical Constructivism. I argue that such a Realist theory cannot provide us with a viable approach to film history as it presents a flawed description of the historian’s relationship to the past. Radical Constructivism offers an alternative model, which requires historians to rethink the nature of facts, the processes involved in constructing historical knowledge, and its relation to the past. Historical poetics, in the light of Radical Constructivism, is a basic model of research into cinema that uses concepts to construct theoretical statements in order to explain the nature, development, and effects of cinematic phenomena.

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30

Zhovtun, Dmitriy T. "Constructionism and Realism in Learning History." History of state and law 3 (March 20, 2019): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3805-2019-3-9-14.

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31

Braver, Lee. "A brief history of continental realism." Continental Philosophy Review 45, no. 2 (April 5, 2012): 261–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11007-012-9220-2.

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32

DeLanda, Manuel. "Realism and the history of chemistry." Foundations of Chemistry 19, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10698-017-9274-7.

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33

Brown, Harold I. "Direct Realism, Indirect Realism, and Epistemology." Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 52, no. 2 (June 1992): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2107939.

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34

French, Steven. "Underextended Realism." Metascience 14, no. 2 (August 2005): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11016-005-3309-8.

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35

Yoon, Min-Kyung. "Visualizing History: Truthfulness in North Korean Art." Journal of Korean Studies 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 175–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07311613-7932298.

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Abstract In North Korean paintings, history is mobilized to legitimate the North Korean system and its leaders. Utilizing the mode of socialist realism, North Korean paintings give visual form to a socialist world, a utopian vision full of unremitting heroism, harvest, and happiness centered on the ruling Kim family. In these paintings, positive heroes such as laborers, workers, farmers, and children are depicted in historically correct scenes that always propel the North Korean revolution forward. After adopting socialist realism from the Soviet Union, North Korea localized this creative method to meet its specific political needs through medium and content. Through this process, socialist realism came to reflect the ideals of juche, the state ideology of North Korea. Informed by North Korean theoretical writings on art and art reviews, this article examines how history is visually mobilized in three paintings created in 1985 and 2000 through the language of juche realism.

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36

Ginev, Dimitri. "The tenets of hermeneutical realism." EPISTEMOLOGIA, no. 2 (November 2012): 264–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/epis2012-002007.

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This article explores and attempts to resolve some issues that arise when at stake is the need to harmonize philosophical hermeneutics with a kind of realist philosophy of science. The author takes issue with established position in the realism-antirealism controversy. Interventionism is criticized for a residual Cartesian dualism. Cognitive relativism is debated by developing a concept of situated transcendence in the constitution of objects of inquiry. Non-behaviorist arguments against scheme-content dualism are advanced that appeal to context- sensitive theory of meaning. Social constructivism is rejected for the hypostatization of epistemic positions. The article suggests a model of the constitution of meaning. It undertakes an attempt at demonstrating how the integration of this model in a hermeneutic philosophy of science leads to realism without epistemological representationalism, foundationalism, and cognitive essentialism. The article is oriented toward a new dialogue between hermeneutic phenomenology and a holistic epistemology.

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BURG, EVELYN. "WHAT'S IN A NAME? TWENTIETH-CENTURY REALISM IN KENNETH BURKE'S AESTHETICS." Modern Intellectual History 13, no. 3 (April 10, 2015): 713–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244315000098.

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Admired throughout the twentieth century by literary and sociological theorists but long neglected by philosophers, readers have overlooked Kenneth Burke's theoretical dependence on American philosophic realism, thus missing consistent patterns of his insight. By tracing Burke's own realism back to his year at Columbia University and his time atThe Dialmagazine, we see how Burke's earliest aesthetic theories conformed to aspects of the new realist movement. During the Depression, in his bookPermanence and Change, he followed earlier new realists in arguing for a reconstructed modern teleology of “purpose” and incorporated realism within his pleas for a suppler Communist Party rhetoric than that sanctioned by the party leadership. Burke's apparently inconsistent positions can be understood as a continuous philosophical argument for realism within changing intellectual contexts, explaining his long-lived cross-disciplinary appeal and influence. Burke maintained central realistic tenets: (1) the independent existence and intelligibility of an external world and (2) the substantive meaning of universals, particularly a common human nature. Examining these connections informs our readings of Burke while illuminating one reverberation of the philosophical “new realists” in American intellectual culture. Burke expressed realist principles in his presentation of symbolic action and dramatism inThe Philosophy of Literary FormandA Grammar of Motives, both published in the 1940s. His sophisticated aesthetic–linguistic realism appeared in his arguments against logical empiricists and New Critics, which displayed an arc of transformation in the philosophical and critical culture before World War II from a still-contested mixture to an emphatically nominalistic, antirealist one. It was from this philosophical position that Burke offered his lively, penetrating analyses of and challenges to many of the major movements in twentieth-century philosophy: realism, pragmatism, positivism, and post-structuralism.

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38

Azeri, Siyaves. "Scientific realism and the historical emergence of consciousness." Theory & Psychology 31, no. 3 (June 2021): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09593543211006197.

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In “Scientific Realism and the Issue of Variability in Behavior,” J. F. Arocha (2021) proposes a (hylo)-realist method of studying behaviour and consciousness. Arocha adopts the thesis that reality consists of concrete (determinate) things, is orderly and lawful, and that it has an emergent character. I propose that furthering the critical power of the realist position requires the adoption of the thesis that human societies also have emergent properties and are determined by historically specific laws.

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Alai, Mario. "How Deployment Realism withstands Doppelt's Criticisms." Spontaneous Generations: A Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science 9, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.4245/sponge.v9i1.27046.

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Gerald Doppelt claims that Deployment Realism cannot withstand the antirealist objections based on the “pessimistic meta-induction” and Laudan’s historical counterexamples. Moreover it is incomplete, as it purports to explain the predictive success of theories, but overlooks the necessity to explain also their explanatory success. Accordingly, he proposes a new version of realism, presented as the best explanation of both predictive and explanatory success, and committed only to the truth of best current theories, not of the discarded ones (Doppelt (2007, 2011, 2013, 2014). Elsewhere I criticized his new brand of realism. Here instead I argue that (a) Doppelt has not shown that Deployment Realism cannot solve the problems raised by the history of science, (b) explaining explanatory success does not add much to explaining novel predictive success, and (c) Doppelt is right that truth is not a sufficient explanans, but for different reasons, and this does not refute Deployment Realism, but helps to detail it better. In a more explicit formulation, the realist IBE concludes not only to the truth of theories, but also to the reliability of scientists and scientific method, the order and simplicity of nature, and the approximate truth of background theories.

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40

Samuels, Maurice. "Realizing the Past: History and Spectacle in Balzac's Adieu." Representations 79, no. 1 (2002): 82–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2002.79.1.82.

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IN BALZAC'S Adieu (1830), a veteran of the Napoleonic Wars attempts to cure his lover of the madness she suffered while accompanying his regiment on the Russian campaign by reconstructing, on his estate in France, an exact replica of the battlefield on which she lost her sanity. A river is dug, peasants are costumed as soldiers, bridges are built and burned. The ex-soldier's heroic effort at historical representation succeeds, but at a price: restored to ''reality'' when confronted with the scene, the woman drops dead a moment later. Itself something of a battlefield for critics, this text has provoked numerous reflections on the nature and politics of literary ''Realism,'' most of which ignore the ways in which the text intersects with its historical context. This article shows how Balzac's novella offers a critique of the way the past was being turned into a spectacle by the new Romantic literary and visual techniques of historical representation invented in the period following the French Revolution. In such contemporary forms of historical entertainment as the panorama and the historical melodrama, realistic representations of the past were offered up as the ground on which postrevolutionary subjectivities could be formed. Balzac's Adieu exposes the threats - to subjectivity, to the notion of political progress - of just such a spectacularly authentic representation of the past. In this founding work of ''Realism,'' the era's obsession with history is shown to have dangerous - and even deadly - consequences. Balzac's text thus foreshadows the analyses made by Marx and Tocqueville of the Revolution of 1848, which describe how the revolutionaries failed because they were fixated on the spectacle of prior revolutions. Unlike Lukáács, who argued that Realism can be understood as the application of the techniques of the Romantic historical novel to the events of the present, this article argues that many of the works we think of as ''Realist'' involve a rejection of Romantic modes of looking at the past. By depicting protagonists who are themselves Romantic historians and who inevitably come to bad ends as a result of their historical obsessions, Adieu and later Realist texts at once incorporate and mark their difference from the kinds of historical narratives produced by Romanticism and its spectacular incarnations.

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Taliaferro, Charles. "Divine and Human Agency from the Standpoint of Historicalism, Scientism, and Phenomenological Realism." European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 7, no. 3 (September 23, 2015): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.v7i3.102.

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Phenomenological realism, in the tradition of Dietrich von Hildebrand, is advanced as a promising methodology for a theistic philosophy of divine and human agency. Phenomenological realism is defended in contrast to the practice of historicalism – the view that a philosophy of mind and God should always be done as part of a thoroughgoing history of philosophy, e.g. the use of examples in analytic theology should be subordinated to engaging the work of Kant and other great philosophers. The criticism of theism based on forms of naturalism that give exclusive authority to the physical sciences (or scientism) is criticized from a phenomenological, realist perspective.

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Erismann, Christophe. "The Logic of Being: Eriugena's Dialectical Ontology." Vivarium 45, no. 2 (2007): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853407x217722.

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AbstractIn his major work, the Periphyseon, the ninth century Latin philosopher John Scottus Eriugena gives, with the help of what he calls "dialectic", a rational analysis of reality. According to him, dialectic is a science which pertains both to language and reality. Eriugena grounds this position in a realist ontological exegesis of the Aristotelian categories, which are conceived as categories of being. His interpretation tends to transform logical patterns, such as Porphyry's Tree or the doctrine of the categories, into a structure which is both ontological and logical, and to use them as tools for the analysis of the sensible world. The combination of dialectic interpreted as a science of being, capable of expressing truths about the sensible world as well as about discourse, with an ontological interpretation of logical concepts allows Eriugena to develop his metaphysical theory, a strong realism. Eriugena not only supports a theological realism (of divine ideas), but also, and principally, an ontological realism, the assertion of the immanent existence of forms. Eriugena claims that genera and species really subsist in the individuals: they are completely and simultaneously present in each of the entities which belong to them.

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Karger, Elizabeth. "Walter Burley's Realism." Vivarium 37, no. 1 (1999): 24–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853499323241131.

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Thaler, Mathias. "Hope Abjuring Hope: On the Place of Utopia in Realist Political Theory." Political Theory 46, no. 5 (November 22, 2017): 671–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0090591717740324.

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This essay reconstructs the place of utopia in realist political theory, by examining the ways in which the literary genre of critical utopias can productively unsettle ongoing discussions about “how to do political theory.” I start by analyzing two prominent accounts of the relationship between realism and utopia: “real utopia” (Erik Olin Wright et al.) and “dystopic liberalism” (Judith Shklar et al.). Elaborating on Raymond Geuss’s recent reflections, the essay then claims that an engagement with literature can shift the focus of these accounts. Utopian fiction, I maintain, is useful for comprehending what is (thus enhancing our understanding of the world) and for contemplating what might be (thus nurturing the hope for a better future). Ursula K. Le Guin’s novel The Dispossessed deploys this double function in an exemplary fashion: through her dynamic and open-ended portrayal of an Anarchist community, Le Guin succeeds in imagining a utopia that negates the status quo, without striving to construct a perfect society. The book’s radical, yet ambiguous, narrative hence reveals a strategy for locating utopia within realist political theory that moves beyond the positions dominating the current debate. Reading The Dispossessed ultimately demonstrates that realism without utopia is status quo–affirming, while utopia without realism is wishful thinking.

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Hibberd, Fiona J. "Situational realism, critical realism, causation and the charge of positivism." History of the Human Sciences 23, no. 4 (August 19, 2010): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695110373423.

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Neupane, Nabaraj. "Demystifying the Magic in Diamond Shumsher’s Seto Bagh: History Reconsidered." SCHOLARS: Journal of Arts & Humanities 3, no. 2 (August 28, 2021): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sjah.v3i2.39430.

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Diamond Shumsher’s masterpiece, Seto Bagh, is a significant historical novel in Nepali literature. The novel made a vibrant debut in depicting historicity in fictional prose in the Nepali context. In particular, the reconsideration of the portrayal of history from a new perspective is relevant. Traditionally, this is considered a historical realist novel. Nevertheless, magical elements are profusely used in the novel. In this study, this niche opens up avenues to re-evaluate the historicity vis-à-vis magical elements. I have adopted Maggie Ann Bowers’ and Wendy B. Faris’s notions and perspectives on the theoretical lens of magical realism to demystify the magic and history in the text. Further, I have adapted the content analysis method to analyze the textual evidences from the selected novel. The main finding exhibits that the novelist has amalgamated historical facts with magical elements like supernatural beings and happenings. Thus, the novel is an example of historical magical realism. This implies that only established beliefs and theories are not sufficient to judge the literary works rightly. Therefore, new lenses should be explored to enter into the world of fictional prose works as such.

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Supelli, Karlina. "Bingkai Kurus Realisme Struktural Epistemik." DISKURSUS - JURNAL FILSAFAT DAN TEOLOGI STF DRIYARKARA 12, no. 2 (October 14, 2013): 153–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36383/diskursus.v12i2.102.

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Abstrak: Di tengah-tengah perdebatan panjang antara realisme dan anti realisme dalam filsafat ilmu, realisme struktural (RS) diajukan sebagai gagasan yang terbaik dari keduanya. Versi epistemik RS (RSE) berpendapat bahwa kita memiliki alasan yang baik untuk percaya bahwa teori memiliki struktur yang tepat, yaitu bahwa wujud dan struktur yang dipostulatkan oleh teori betul-betul ada. Namun demikian, RSE tidak mengajukan dakuan epistemik menyangkut hakikat wujud yang melandasi struktur. Semua pengetahuan mengenai dunia fisis adalah pengetahuan tentang struktur. Dalam tulisan ini penulis memberi tinjauan tentang RSE dan beberapa argumen yang menolak RSE. Belajar dari sejarah fisika zarah, penulis akan memperlihatkan bahwa struktur menunjuk ke sifat-sifat mendasar yang dimiliki oleh komponen-komponennya dan dengan demikian menyediakan jalur epistemik bagi wujud yang relasi-relasinya mendefinisikan struktur. Meski demikian, struktur matematis sebuah teori hanya memungkinkan kita membangun pengetahuan tentang wujud-wujud yang tidak teramati sebagai “objek” dan bukan objek-objek partikular. Kata-kata Kunci: Realisme, anti-realisme, realisme struktural epistemik, argumen tanpa keajaiban, meta-induksi pesimistik, wujud takteramati. Abstract: In the lengthy debate between antirealism and realism in the philosophy of science, structural realism (SR) has been suggested as “the best of both worlds.” The epistemic version of SR (ESR) holds that we have good reason to believe that our most successful scientific theories are structurally correct—that the entities and structures postulated by a theory actually exist, and yet it makes no epistemic claim about the nature of the underlying entities. All that we can know is the structure of the physical world. In this article I present an overview of ESR and a number of arguments that have been brought up against it. Drawing lessons from the history of contemporary physics, I will show that “structure” points to the fundamental properties of its constituents and thus provides an epistemic access to the nature of those entities whose relations define structure in the first place. Nevertheless, the mathematical structure of a theory enables us only to construe knowledge of an unobservable entity as “object,” and not this or that particular object. Keywords: Realism, anti-realism, epistemic structural realism, no miracle argument, pesimistic meta-induction, unobservable entity.

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Luburić-Cvijanović, Arijana. "Magic, realism and the river between: The cultural weight of postcolonial magic(al) realism." Kultura, no. 168 (2020): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/kultura2068069l.

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Magic(al) realism has for long attracted critical attention as one of the more theoretically elusive concepts which has been termed magic, magical, and magic(al), interpreted as a narrative genre, mode, or strategy, and analyzed alongside similar terms and neighbouring genres. While it briefly summarizes the troubling terminology associated with magic(al) realism, this paper focuses on the cultural significance of-magic(al) realism for postcolonial writing, and delves into its role as a strategy of resistance in the representation of culture and history, its destabilizing project, and the possible pitfalls in its employment.

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Videkanić, Bojana. "Yugoslav Postwar Art and Socialist Realism: An Uncomfortable Relationship." ARTMargins 5, no. 2 (June 2016): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00145.

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This text examines the first official exhibition of the Yugoslav Association of Fine Artists, and the theoretical, socio-political, and institutional contexts of the Socialist Realist period in Yugoslav art (spanning roughly the years between1945 and 1954). Post-war artistic and cultural environment, the first exhibition, and critical aesthetic debates around Socialist Realism exemplify Yugoslavia's struggle to make sense of, and implement, Socialist Realism as an official artistic, cultural, and political category. Its development paralleled the state's own wrestling with notions of socialist governance and its proper implementation. Difficulties with Socialist Realist aesthetic and the ensuing paradoxes in its adaptation in Yugoslav art are at the core of the dialogs, theoretical discourses, and critical responses to the first exhibition. My analysis uses accounts and reviews of the exhibition, as well as official writings and arguments presented by the state and cultural officials to argue that Yugoslav art of the time was in fact transgressive, a hybrid of modernism and Socialist Realism. Rather than reading its hybridity as a failure, as some have argued, I read the hybridity of Yugoslav art as a space of possibilities that would have opened a new art praxis in Yugoslavia of the time.

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Ruttkamp-Bloem, Emma. "Repositioning Realism." Philosophia Scientae, no. 19-1 (March 1, 2015): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/philosophiascientiae.1042.

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