Academic literature on the topic 'History – Study and teaching – Methodology'
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Journal articles on the topic "History – Study and teaching – Methodology"
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Первушин, Михаил Викторович. "On the methodology of teaching church history." Церковный историк, no. 1(1) (June 15, 2019): 270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/chist.2019.1.1.021.
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Статья посвящена вопросам методологии, встающим перед современными исследователями в области гуманитарного знания, в частности проблемам междисциплинарных связей в церковно-исторической науке и опасности редукционизма. Процесс широкой дифференциации научных дисциплин неразрывно связан с образованием в XIX веке. Такое положение обеспечило бурное развитие науки. Примером служат исторические дисциплины Московского университета. Целый ряд учёных историков высказывался за широкое взаимодействие наук при изучении истории. Задачей исторической науки стало избежать редукционизма, уйти от обособленного, узко понимаемого исторического исследования, практиковать его многонаправленность, то есть интегральность. Освободиться истории от однонаправленности помогает филология. Историк, осмысливающий природу социальной информации, которую он воспринимает через исторический источник (как правило, текст), и, с другой стороны, литературовед, исследующий природу информации, воспринимаемой посредством того же текста, выходят за пределы узкопрофессиональных исследовательских целей и задач, и сближение их исследовательских подходов представляется весьма перспективным. Теории и методология, заимствованные из литературоведения, оказали существенное влияние на современное состояние исторического знания. Чем более широким кругом компетенций будет обладать специалист, тем более качественные исследования он сможет осуществлять в рамках конкретной научной области. The article is devoted to methodological issues facing contemporary researchers in the field of humanities, in particular the problems of interdisciplinary links in church-historical scholarship and the dangers of reductionism. The process of wide differentiation of scientific disciplines is inseparably connected with education in XIX century. This situation ensured a rapid development of science. The historical disciplines of Moscow University serve as an example. A number of historians advocated a broad interaction of the sciences in the study of history. The task of historical science was to avoid reductionism, to move away from isolated, narrowly understood historical research, to practice its multidirectionality, i.e. integrality. Philology helps history to free itself from one-sidedness. The historian, who comprehends the nature of social information, which he perceives through a historical source (usually a text), and, on the other hand, the literary scholar, who studies the nature of information perceived through the same text, go beyond narrow professional research goals and objectives, and the convergence of their research approaches seems very promising. The theories and methodology borrowed from literary studies have had a significant impact on the current state of historical knowledge. The broader the range of competences a professional possesses, the better research he/she will be able to carry out within a particular scientific field.
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Bozorova, Nazokat M. "METHODOLOGY FOR USING LOCAL SOURCES IN TEACHING HISTORY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS." JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 4, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2021-7-5.
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oday it has been scientifically proven that the use of the latest methods in the study of history leads to very good results. The use of local sources is becoming more and more important, especiallywhen teaching history in schools. Since the use of local sources in the classroom helps to increase the interest of students in a particular period of history, to expand their imagination. At the same time, it helps to develop a creative spirit in students. This article describes a methodology for using local sources in history teaching
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Lamar Prieto, Covadonga. "Sobre cómo enseñar la historia del español de California a hablantes de herencia por medio de Siri: metodología y procedimientos." Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research 5, no. 2 (July 15, 2016): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7821/naer.2016.7.192.
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<p class="AbstractText">This article reports results from a study in which two groups of college level students were exposed to interactions with Apple’s Siri in order to foster dialogue about their dialectal features. In this paper, the methodology and procedural challenges behind one of the activities that the participants completed are studied. These activities had been designed to present to them the historical dimensions of the Historical California Spanish dialect, or Californio Spanish, and pursue two different outcomes for the participants: 1) to foster the interest in discovering a dialectal past, and 2) to increase linguistic self-esteem, as a result of an external validation provided by technology.</p>
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Bernāts, Guntars, and Andrejs Mūrnieks. "THE CHALLENGES, RISKS AND PROSPECTS OF THE REALISATION OF THE MUSIC METHODOLOGY MODULE OF ONE – YEAR EDUCATION PROGRAMME." Education. Innovation. Diversity. 1, no. 2 (May 26, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/eid2021.1.5428.
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The reform of teachers’ education commenced by the Ministry of Education and Science provides an opportunity to obtain a qualification as a teacher within one year, encompassing studies based in a working environment for those who already have higher education. The goal of the research is to identify the challenges, risks and perspectives of the realization of the module “Music methodology” of the study course “Integrated methods in Teaching Culture Understanding and Self-expression in Art” within the one-year study programme “Skolotājs”. The research compared study course plans in music teaching and choir work methodology at two Latvian higher education institutions, as well as at two foreign higher education institution, where a qualification as a music teacher at a comprehensive school can be attained. The research was undertaken based on an analysis of theoretical sources, providing an understanding about a synthesis of varying contemporary methodological approaches. It encompasses the acquisition of a knowledge of cultural history and the history of music, the style and future directions of popular music, desirably not just theoretically but practically as well, in the education of the students. The actualization of such study courses as music teaching methodology, the research process in music teaching, music history and stylistics, the psychology of music, conducting, choir/vocal ensemble work, methodology and music project management are important for the high quality and integrated acquisition of music teaching methodology.
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Kim, Nayoung. "Games Development Methodology as a Teaching Tool for Elementary School: Case Study of Developing History Learning Game." Journal of Korea Game Society 15, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7583/jkgs.2015.15.2.53.
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Mubarak, Amin Ali Al. "Exploring the Problems of Teaching Translation Theories and Practice at Saudi Universities: A Case Study of Jazan University in Saudi Arabia." English Linguistics Research 6, no. 1 (March 9, 2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/elr.v6n1p87.
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The current study deals with the problems of teaching translation from the following perspectives: the significance of translation teaching, the history of translation teaching, teaching materials and teaching methods. The researcher specifically focuses on discovering the problems faced by teachers at the University of Jazan in Saudi Arabia in teaching translation theories and practice. The researcher used a descriptive method in this study to determine the problems faced by teachers in teaching translation. The researcher also distributed a questionnaire to investigate the problems the teachers encountered when teaching translation theories and practice and the questionnaire contained 12 questions. This research did not only reveal the problematic issues encountered but also proposed some practical measures to remedy them. The findings and suggestions would facilitate teachers and relevant authorities to improve the translation teaching methodology in Jazan Universityand the result must not be generalized.
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Suryana, Nananng. "LEARNING LOCAL AND NATIONAL HISTORY TO DEVELOP HEROIC VALUES." Historia: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah 13, no. 1 (July 26, 2017): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/historia.v13i1.7704.
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This study was motivated by the writer’s concern on the accumulating phenomena of social deviation in adolescent life. The writer’s think education were not able to develop the best character in students life. The historical teaching is a part of education have function as to develop a character, because in history be foundthe best value from the event and the historical figure. That is called a heroism value, a concept which we can to study about the best value in history from the event and the hero. The hero in history is the individual to prefoundly different if he had deternining an issue or event whose consequences would have been profoundly between if had not acted as he did. This concept still relevance in the adolescent fhenomena in Indonesia. Historical Education, especially a heorism teaching, is one of an effective media for chacater development. Historical education bases the heroes to build bravevy, casrifice, leadership, and responsibility character. Based on the introductory statement above, the research problem of this study would be stated as followed: “Are there any significant differences in students’ awareness in history before and after the teaching and learning of history according to the multiculturalism in local, national, global perspectives?”. The methodology used in this study was both quantitative and qualitative paradigms, with quasi-experimental design and data compiled by interview technique among lower secondary school students in Sumedang municipality. The research findings are firstly, that the influence of local history teaching towards the develop of heroism value are significant. Second, the influence of national history teaching towards the develop of heroism value is positively significant. Third, that the influence of local and national history teaching and learning towards the develop of heroism value is significant.
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Leor Pastor, Manel. "Una aproximación a la literatura española para alumnos chinos." Triangle, no. 9 (September 21, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/triangle9.1-73.
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Considering the growing interest and approach in China to the courses of E/LE, the current study analyses the existing materials in market for teaching the History of Spanish Literature to foreign students and it also reects on Chinese culture of learning and on the knowledge that has Chinese students have about Western culture. From the data collected, the paper tries to provide some guidelines to develop a methodology structured by task-based communicative approach, respecting the instructions of the Plan Curricular del Instituto Cervantes and the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages for conducting a course on the History of Spanish Literature adressed to Chinese students. Finally, the study proposes a teaching unit that establishes synergies between the two methods of teaching, the Western communicative approach and Chinese culture of learning, with the aim of meeting the specic needs of students who are adressed to, and with the aspiration of oering a methodology that helps students to understand better the new culture they are facing.
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Jumardi, Jumardi. "Pengaruh Pendekatan Pembelajaran dan Gaya Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Sejarah Siswa." Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jps.031.01.
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Abstract
The aim of the study is to reveal the empirical data about the effect of learning approach and and learning styles on the outcome of history learning of SMA Negeri 35 Jakarta The methodology used is the experimental method with a 2x2 factorial design.. Data analysis performed by using two way variance analysis. The findings of the study demonstrated: 1) The history learning outcome of the students who take the teaching methods CTL was higher than students who take conventional teaching methods . 2) The history learning outcome between students who have a visual learning style was higher than students who have auditory learning style. 3) There is an interaction effect between learning approach and learning style of the history learning outcome. 4) The history learning outcome of the students who take the teaching approach of CTL and have a visual learning style higher than students who take conventional teaching approach and have a visual learning style . 5) The history learning outcome of the students who take the teaching approach of CTL and auditory learning style is lower than students who take conventional teaching approach and have auditory learning styles. 6) The history learning outcome of the students who take the teaching approach of CTL and have a visual learning style was higher than students who take the teaching approach of CTL and have auditory learning styles. 7) The history learning outcome of the students who take conventional teaching approach and have a visual learning style is lower than students who take conventional teaching approach and have auditory learning styles
Keywords : Learning approach, learning style and history learning outcome.
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M. Dorozhkin, Evgenij, Maxim R. Moskalenko, Marina B. Larionova, Ekaterina A. Kazantseva, and Natalia E. Loginova. "PECULIAR FEATURES OF TEACHING HISTORY TO ECONOMIST STUDENTS IN RUSSIAN UNIVERSITIES." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 4 (October 12, 2019): 1366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.74190.
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The purpose of the article: The article is aimed at studying of key issues of the set of methods and methodology of teaching history to students of the direction "Economics"; identifying of key aspects of the history course, competent understanding whereof is important for development of professional competencies of future economists, is of special attention.Materials and methods: The leading approach to the study of this problem is the analysis of key problem issues of the history course, a competent understanding of which is important for the formation of professional competencies of economists.Results of the research: The article shows that in the history of economics there are a lot of controversial, controversial issues on which quite superficial, subjective judgments and conclusions can occur in the journalistic, and sometimes academic literature. A number of similar questions are considered, the features of their study with students are revealed. The work identifies key aspects of the course of history, a competent understanding of which is important for the formation of professional competencies of future economists. The recommendations of the methodological and methodological plan for their study are proposed to increase the effectiveness of training future economists.
Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of peculiar features of teaching history to economist students in Russian universities is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "History – Study and teaching – Methodology"
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Macrae, Michael John. "Some aspects of concept acquisition in history." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001433.
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There is concern that school history is often purposeless, taught by chalk and talk and textbook methods, giving thin and unassimilated information. At a time when subjects are under increasing scrutiny and pressure to justify their existence as relevant in the school curriculum, many of the defects inherent in the 'traditional' approach to history have made it difficult to present a forceful and valid argument for its continued inclusion as a school subject.This has led to the adoption of new approaches which are designed to get pupils more actively involved in their learning. One such approach was adopted by the Schools Council 13-16 project in Britain. It laid emphasis on the methodology of the subject and identified five ways in which history could prove to be a useful and necessary subject for adolescents to study. These were: as a means of acquiring and developing such cognitive skills as those of analysis, synthesis and judgement; as a source of leisure interests; as a vehicle for analysing the contemporary world and pupils' place in it; as a means for developing understanding of the forces underlying social change and evolutioni and, finally, as an avenue to self-knowledge and awareness of what it means to be human (Introduction, p. ii)
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Cunningham, Deborah Lynn. "Professional practice and perspectives in the teaching of historical empathy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5bf95dbe-0fd9-49c2-9cc2-d2893d13da45.
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To empathise, in a historical sense, generally means to entertain the perspectives and values of people in the past through consideration of the circumstances they faced. Widely acknowledged as a fundamental part of the historian's craft, empathy has had a more tenuous place in school history due to the conceptual confusion of the term, its association with the promotion of a leftist political agenda, and its difficulty for pupils. Scholarship on empathy has focused upon its philosophical meaning and students' thought processes, but has largely neglected to explore teachers' knowledge and practice about how to cultivate it. Instead, it has tended to offer norms for good practice that take little account of differing contexts or the sometimes competing goals that teachers seek to achieve. It has been guided as well by a particular image of empathy teaching as dedicated exercises, often involving immersion in many historical sources. My study begins to address the lack of attention to teachers' actual ideas and practices for fostering empathy by presenting a case study of four experienced history educators in England. Through extensive analysis of lesson and interview transcripts, I derive a new framework for thinking about empathy teaching that takes into account both the major activities and smallscale discourse strategies - heretofore largely unexamined - that the teachers use to promote understanding. It attends to their ways of conceptualising empathy, their means of establishing the conditions they view as essential, their negotiations of myriad factors helping or hindering their efforts, and their complex deployments of various types of relevant knowledge. The framework shows how, in making decisions about empathy teaching, they consider student factors such as capacities, preconceptions and motivation, structural factors such as time, resources, and examination priorities, and factors concerning their own knowledge, beliefs and state - then utilise a broad and flexible repertoire of strategies to address the shifting variables they encounter. Finally, the study explores curriculum as an interaction between teachers, pupils and educational context, recognising the influence of each on understanding in particular classrooms. Significant divergences between how teachers think and practice and how empathy teaching is discussed in the educational literature emerge for a spectrum of issues. These include how empathy is conceptualised, what sorts of strategies are enacted, who the historical subjects of empathetic efforts are, how students' achievements are assessed, and how empathy-related dilemmas are construed and managed. All of these discrepancies suggest that research stands to benefit by attending more closely to teachers' ideas. For their part, the teachers appear to be oriented toward self-improvement - learning and changing through experience, collegial contact, and focused reflection of the sort prompted by this research. Implications for teachers' professional development and for future research approaches are explored.
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Flatela, Andile Thaddeus L. L. "History resource materials in Transkei senior secondary schools : their availability and use." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003438.
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This dissertation, which was motivated by high failure rate in senior secondary history, is primarily an attempt at identifying some of the possible causes for poor performance in high school history in Transkei schools. One possible cause of the weak performance was identified as outmoded teaching methods which were encouraged by lack of adequate facilities and resources for history teaching and learning. The investigation took the form of a survey of both human and material resources in 30 of the then 210 senior secondary schools in Transkei. The survey questionnaire, which was directed to history teachers, covered aspects on personal information about the teachers, material resources and facilities for teaching history, and teaching methods related to history teaching. A total of 55 teachers responded to the questionnaire. The survey included all the three senior secondary school class levels, that is standard 8, 9 and 10. By looking at the nature of history as a discipline and the way in which students learn, it was discovered that at school level history could be learnt best through the 'experiential' approach. This is mainly because in dealing with time-past as it has to, history usually comes up with 'strange' concepts which cannot be easily grasped by present-day senior secondary teenagers. This is because understanding of historical concepts tends to develop slower than would generally be expected, unless it is re-enforced. In Transkei schools this problem of concepts understanding is made worse by the foreign language medium (English) in which the subject is taught. It is felt that these constraints could be partly aleviated with the use of audio-visual aids and self-activity teaching methods. However, this study revealed a gross inadequacy not only in facilities for teaching history but also of both human and material resources. This automatically discourages the 'new history' approach and teachers (most of whom are underqualified) tend to cling to the old-style lecture-textbook method to the detriment of their students. This study suggests that to improve this situation it is essential to upgrade both pre-service and in-service teachers' academic and professional standards. In addition history facilities and audio-visual materials should be generously supplied to afford ample opportunities for pupil activity. This then would be line with modern history teaching theories and, hopefully, would improve performance in history in this region.
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Lopes, Danilo Eiji. "História dos estudos do meio: um estudo sobre as práticas extramuros da escola em São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-20012015-192304/.
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A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de contribuir e somar às pesquisas na área de ensino de História. Para tanto, propõe-se a apresentar atividades extramuros da escola e refletir sobre elas, sobretudo no que diz respeito a estudos do meio atrelados à disciplina e realizados em circunstâncias escolares na cidade de São Paulo, além de contextualizar suas diferentes intencionalidades, metodologias e relações com parâmetros e orientações curriculares vigentes. Em um segundo momento, a pesquisa propõe um olhar qualitativo sobre tais atividades por meio de experiências de trabalhos de campo em escolas da rede pública e particular de educação básica, com o intuito de visualizar reverberações de práticas passadas no presente e de situá-las e debatêlas em relação a perspectivas maiores concernentes ao ensino, como currículo, protagonismo docente, metodologia de ensino, o processo de mercantilização da educação e sua resistênciaThis study aims to contribute and add to researches in the field of History Teaching. For this purpose, it proposes to present and reflect about activities that are conducted outside the classroom, especially environmental studies linked to the discipline, performed in school circumstances in São Paulo, and to contextualize their different intentionalities, methodologies and relationships with current curriculum guidelines and parameters. In a second step, the research invites taking a qualitative look at those activities by the way of experiences in the field that took place in public and private basic education schools. The aim is to understand how past practices influenced current practices, and debate them in larger perspectives of education, such as curriculum, protagonism in teaching, teaching methodology, the practice of mercantilism in education and its resistance
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Shaw, Shirley A. "Hypercard: A promising tool for constructivist methodolody." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1121.
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Cettolin, Franciele. "Musicando a história e historiando a música em escolas de Caxias do Sul : 2008-2014." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2015. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1092.
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O corpus deste trabalho trata do ensino da Música na escola aliado ao ensino da História, uma vez que ambos, como componentes do sistema nacional de ensino, têm sido temas recorrentes nos debates tanto acadêmicos como no âmbito da educação básica. A Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional, 1996, recomenda o trabalhado com temas transversais e sugere metodologias diversas que almejam abranger os problemas educacionais e amparar o multiculturalismo presente no meio escolar e comunitário. Neste sentido, a pesquisa propõe problematizar o não cumprimento da Lei nº 11.769/2008 que trata sobre a obrigatoriedade da música na educação básica, se constituindo como provocadora de debates e ponderações acerca do ensino de Música, História e questões interdisciplinares entre ambas. Tendo por base o resultado de entrevistas aplicadas junto a professores de história de escolas públicas, municipais e estaduais, de Caxias do Sul, pretende ainda avaliar o material didático e pedagógico existente sobre o assunto e as consequentes práticas dos professores em sala de aula. A partir disto, almejou-se construir um material acessível e de apoio ao professor que pretende trabalhar com a Música nas aulas de História, além do que já é proposto, de forma a considerar o sublime. A metodologia utilizada baseou-se na revisão bibliográfica com ênfase na história cultural proposta por Roger Chartier, juntamente com as entrevistas que compuseram uma análise, sobretudo, qualitativa dos dados, além de todo campo bibliográfico visitado a respeito do ensino das disciplinas em questão. Por fim, concluiu-se que a Música oferece amparo para a formação do educando uma vez que a proximidade da mesma com o seu dia a dia permite relações que ultrapassam as questões puramente teóricas, possibilitando através da leitura de vários signos musicais, interpretações nos mais diversos campos do saber, principalmente na área de ciências humanas e em particular, no ensino de História, significando a consciência de si e do outro.Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-01-27T17:31:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Franciele Cettolin.pdf: 2591692 bytes, checksum: 0ef27a936fbf0158ae33d1d300dd8614 (MD5)
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The corpus of this work deals with the teaching of music in schools coupled with the teaching of history, since both, as components of the national education system, have been recurrent themes in both academic debates and in the context of basic education. The Law of Directives and Bases of National Education, 1996 recommends working with cross-cutting issues, and suggests several methods that aim to cover the educational problems and bolster this multiculturalism in the school and community environment. In this sense, the research proposes to question the failure of Law No. 11,769 / 2008, which deals with the obligation of music in basic education, constituting as provocative discussions and considerations about music education, history and interdisciplinary issues between them. Based on the results of interviews applied along the history of public school teachers, municipal and state, of Caxias do Sul, intends to evaluate the existing teaching and learning materials on the subject and the consequent practices of teachers in the classroom. From this, he craved to build an affordable material and teacher support you want to work with music in history classes, beyond what is already proposed in order to consider the sublime. The methodology used was based on the literature review with emphasis on cultural history proposed by Roger Chartier, along with interviews that comprised an analysis, especially, qualitative data, plus all bibliographic field visited about the teaching of the subjects in question. Finally, it was concluded that Music provides support for elementary education since the proximity of the same with your day to day allows relationships that go beyond the purely theoretical questions, enabling by reading various musical signs interpretations in more various fields of knowledge, especially in the humanities and in particular, the teaching of History, meaning the awareness of self and other.
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House, Nancy Ellen. "Teaching art history to adult students: A teaching model and pilot study /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487943341526939.
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Farhanieh, Iman. "A Study in History Teaching Using Serious Games." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12948.
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The goal of this study is to observe if having more interactivity and media richness in teaching will lead to more meaningful learning and remembering information longer, compared to more traditional teaching such as books and slideshow presentations. It has been revealed that using multimedia tools such as video games, which use different cognitive load-reducing methods, can help the learner use less irrelevant cognitive process. This will lead to more cognitive load being assigned to more relevant materials. Two groups of participants were compared to each other, where one group was asked to play a video game containing historical information about the city of Skövde, while the second group was presented with a slideshow containing the historical information but only as simple text. The results from the experiment suggested that there is a significant difference between the two groups, meaning the participants who were asked to play the video game has less difficulty in recalling information after 7 days compared to the group who only read the slideshow presentation.
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Abdella, Ali Suleman. "Lesson study as a support strategy for teacher development : a case study of middle school science teachers in Eritrea." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97776.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.Contains one part in Tigrigna.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Against the background of education reforms, this study was conducted to determine what can be learnt from using lesson study as professional development strategy in Eritrea. The core problem discussed in the study is that the instigators of successive education reforms in Eritrea expected teachers to shift their teaching from more teacher focused to student-centred approaches with little or no support provided to them. This implies that teachers in Eritrean need effective and sustainable support systems that enable them to implement the reform initiatives. In this study, the researcher uses lesson study as a strategy that could provide teacher development experiences to teachers in Eritrea that are different from the traditional one-shot varieties such as workshops, short-term orientations and training of trainer programmes which are often normally provided by the official programmes. Lesson study is a well-established classroom-based activity in which teachers systematically examine their teaching by collaboratively planning, teaching, observing, revising and re-teaching lessons. Several successes with lesson study have been reported in research in Japan, where it has been used extensively, as well as elsewhere. However, no study on teacher professional development has been conducted using lesson study as a strategy within the Eritrean context. This study is an interpretive qualitative case study that explores the effects of lesson study on science teachers’ learning and classroom practice in selected middle schools of Eritrea. It involved twenty one participants – fifteen science teachers, three school directors and three pedagogic heads for a duration of one year. Data were generated through questionnaires, semi-structured focus group interviews, observations, documents for generating research lesson events, video-recordings and photographs. The findings show that participation in lesson study cycles that were extended over a period of time was effective in enhancing the learning of teachers and changing the way they teach science in their classrooms resulting in enhanced students confidence, participation and learning. Evidence reported in this study also indicates that lesson study made a contribution to minimising teacher isolation by bringing teachers together to collaborate and share professional ideas and experiences. Moreover, the findings show the existence of a direct relationship between teachers’ interest in teacher development initiatives and the interest that the school leadership shows in such initiatives and in the extent of support they provide to the participating teachers. Though participants reported receiving benefits from lesson study, they were constrained by a lack of time, curriculum overload, large class-size, teachers’ poor living conditions, lack of suitable space, shortage of resources, students’ poor English proficiency, newness of the process and students’ negligence. This study has also contributed to extending the body of knowledge on lesson study. Finally, it is hoped that the findings of this study may be used as a guiding framework for future teacher development initiatives in the education sector or other professional development programmes in Eritrea.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is teen die agtergrond van onderwyshervormings in Eritrea onderneem om te bepaal wat uit die gebruik van lesstudie as strategie vir die professionele ontwikkeling van Eritrese opvoeders geleer kon word. Die kernprobleem van die studie is dat die opeenvolgende onderwyshervormings in Eritrea vereis dat onderwysers hulle onderrigbenadering van opvoedergerigte na meer studentegerigte metodes verander, sonder dat hulle enige noemenswaardige ondersteuning ontvang. Dit impliseer dat daardie onderwysers ’n doeltreffende en volhoubare ondersteuningstelsel nodig het om die hervormingsinisiatiewe in werking te stel. Met die lesstudiestrategie wat in hierdie navorsing gebruik is, is onderwysers in Eritrea blootgestel aan ander ontwikkelingservarings as die tradisionele eenmalige weergawes, wat gewoonlik in die vorm van werksessies, korttermynoriënterings en opleier-opleidingsprogramme plaasvind. Lesstudie is ’n gevestigde klaskamergebaseerde aktiwiteit waarin onderwysers hulle eie onderrig stelselmatig ondersoek deur lesse in samewerking met kollegas te beplan, aan te bied, waar te neem, te hersien en weer aan te bied. Verskeie suksesse met lesstudie is al aangemeld in navorsing in Japan, waar dit op groot skaal gebruik word, sowel as elders. Tog is geen studie oor die professionele ontwikkeling van onderwysers in Eritrese verband al met behulp van lesstudie as ’n strategie uitgevoer nie. Die metodologie vir die navorsing was ’n vertolkende kwalitatiewe gevallestudie wat ondersoek ingestel het na die uitwerking van lesstudie op wetenskaponderwysers se leer- en klaskamerpraktyk in uitgesoekte middelbare skole in Eritrea. Die 21 respondente – 15 wetenskaponderwysers, drie skooldirekteure en drie onderrighoofde – is vir ’n jaar by die studie betrek. Data is deur middel van vraelyste, semigestruktureerde fokusgroeponderhoude, waarnemings, dokumente vir die skep van navorsingslesgebeure, video-opnames en foto’s ingesamel. Die bevindinge toon dat deelname aan lesstudiesiklusse oor ’n langer tydperk onderwysers se leerpraktyk doeltreffend versterk en hulle wetenskaponderrig in die klas verander het. Dit het verhoogde vertroue, deelname en leer onder studente tot gevolg gehad. Bewyse wat in hierdie studie aangemeld is, toon ook dat lesstudie onderwyser-isolasie help beperk het deur onderwysers bymekaar te bring om saam te werk en professionele idees en ervarings uit te ruil. Daarbenewens dui die bevindinge op ’n regstreekse verband tussen onderwysers se belangstelling in inisiatiewe vir hulle eie ontwikkeling en die skoolleiers se klaarblyklike belangstelling in, en ondersteuning vir, onderwysers en hulle professionele ontwikkeling. Hoewel deelnemers by lesstudie baat gevind het, is hulle aan bande gelê deur tydsbeperkinge, ’n oorvol kurrikulum, groot klasse, swak lewensomstandighede, ’n tekort aan geskikte ruimte, te min hulpbronne, swak vaardigheid in Engels onder studente, die nuutheid van die proses en studente se agtelosigheid. Hierdie studie dra by tot die uitbreiding van die beskikbare kennis oor lesstudie. Die bevindinge sal hopelik as ’n raamwerk kan dien om toekomstige inisiatiewe vir opvoederontwikkeling in die onderwyssektor sowel as in ander programme vir professionele ontwikkeling in Eritrea te rig.
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Ebot, Tabe Fidelis. "The history of History in South African secondary schools, 1994-2006." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4379_1259564328.
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This MA thesis investigates the decision to marginalize History in C2005 at a time when there were expectations of the importance of the discipline in a democratic South Africa. It argues that the marginalization of the discipline in C2005 was not solely based on pedagogical reasons, but that it might have been influenced by political agendas. My research provides support for this view with evidence of the procedures inside the relevant government education policy committees. In addition, it explores the debates and processes that led to the reinstatement of the discipline in the Revised National Curriculum Statement for schools that was approved in April 2002 by the South African Cabinet..."
Books on the topic "History – Study and teaching – Methodology"
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Methodology of numismatic study and history-writing. New Delhi: Research India Press, 2012.
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Jack, Zevin, ed. Teaching U.S. history as mystery. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2010.
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Booth, Alan. Teaching history at university: Enhancing learning and understanding. New York: Routledge, 2003.
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ELTON, Geoffrey Rudolph. The practice of history. 2nd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 2002.
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The study of history: A bibliographical guide. 2nd ed. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "History – Study and teaching – Methodology"
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Fletcher, Tim. "Self-Study as Hybrid Methodology." In International Handbook of Self-Study of Teaching and Teacher Education Practices, 269–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6880-6_9.
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van Dam, Petra J. E. M., and S. Wybren Verstegen. "Environmental History: Object of Study and Methodology." In Principles of Environmental Sciences, 25–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9158-2_4.
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Osseo-Asare, Philomena. "Life History as a Research Methodology." In The Impacts of Language and Literacy Policy on Teaching Practices in Ghana, 52–63. New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge research in literacy: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367854164-3.
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Brandenburg, Robyn, and Sharon McDonough. "Ethics, Self-Study Research Methodology and Teacher Education." In Self-Study of Teaching and Teacher Education Practices, 1–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9135-5_1.
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Bullock, Shawn Michael. "Navigating the Pressures of Self-Study Methodology." In International Handbook of Self-Study of Teaching and Teacher Education Practices, 245–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6880-6_8.
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Brockett, Oscar G. "On Theatre History: Historical Study in the Theatre Curriculum." In Teaching Theatre Today, 31–49. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230100862_3.
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Vanassche, Eline, Koen Kelchtermans, Ann Deketelaere, and Geert Kelchtermans. "Teaching as a General Educationist in Physical Education." In Teaching, Learning, and Enacting of Self-Study Methodology, 203–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8105-7_20.
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Loughran, John. "Learning About Self-Study of Teacher Education Practices." In Teaching, Learning, and Enacting of Self-Study Methodology, 1–7. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8105-7_1.
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Mahalingappa, Laura. "Self-Study to Help Teachers Engage in Diversity." In Teaching, Learning, and Enacting of Self-Study Methodology, 49–54. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8105-7_6.
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Lunenberg, Mieke. "Teaching and Learning Self-Study Research: Tracing the Map." In Teaching, Learning, and Enacting of Self-Study Methodology, 101–10. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8105-7_12.
Full textConference papers on the topic "History – Study and teaching – Methodology"
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Feng, Ke. "Notice of Retraction: Study on architectural history courses in teaching methodology and methods." In 2010 International Conference on Educational and Information Technology (ICEIT 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceit.2010.5607769.
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Mavuru, Lydia, and Oniccah Koketso Pila. "PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ PREPAREDNESS AND CONFIDENCE IN TEACHING LIFE SCIENCES TOPICS: WHAT DO THEY LACK?" In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end023.
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Pre-service teachers’ preparedness and confidence levels to teach is a topical subject in higher education. Previous studies have commented on the role of teacher in-service training in preparing teachers for provision of meaningful classroom experiences to their learners, but many researchers regard pre-service teacher development as the cornerstone. Whilst teacher competence can be measured in terms of different variables e.g. pedagogy, knowledge of the curriculum, technological knowledge etc., the present study focused on teacher competency in terms of Life Sciences subject matter knowledge (SMK). The study was framed by pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). The study sought to answer the research question: How do preservice teachers perceive their levels of preparedness and confidence in teaching high school Life Sciences topics at the end of their four years of professional development? In a qualitative study, a total of 77 pre-service teachers enrolled for the Methodology and Practicum Life Sciences course at a university in South Africa participated in the study. Each participant was tasked to identify topic(s)/concept(s) in Life Sciences they felt challenged to teach, provide a critical analysis of the reasons for that and map the way forward to overcome the challenges. This task was meant to provide the pre-service teachers with an opportunity to reflect and at the same time evaluate the goals of the learning programme they had gone through. Pre-service teachers’ perspectives show their attitudes, values and beliefs based on their personal experiences which therefore help them to interpret their teaching practices. The qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. The findings showed that whilst pre-service teachers were competent to teach other topics, the majority felt that they were not fully prepared and hence lacked confidence to teach the history of life on earth and plant and animal tissues in grade 10; excretion in animals particularly the functions of the nephron in grade 11; and evolution and genetics in grade 12. Different reasons were proffered for the lack of preparedness to teach these topics. The participants regarded some of these topics as difficult and complex e.g. genetics. Evolution was considered to be antagonistic to the participants’ and learners’ cultural and religious belief systems. Hence the participants had negative attitudes towards them. Some of the pre-service teachers indicated that they lacked interest in some of the topics particularly the history of life on earth which they considered to be more aligned to Geography, a subject they did not like. As remedies for their shortcomings in the content, the pre-service teachers planned to co-teach these topics with colleagues, and others planned to enrol for content enrichment programmes. These findings have implications for teacher professional development programmes.
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Daniels Rahimi, Ilan, and Gila Cohen Zilka. "Online Learning by Means of Zoom in the Period of the COVID-19 Crisis, as Perceived by Students in Higher Studies [Abstract]." In InSITE 2021: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4814.
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Aim/Purpose: This study examined students’ attitudes to characteristics of learning in Zoom, attitudes to the quality of teaching in Zoom and ways of learning, about a year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis. Background COVID-19 crisis caused exposure to online learning on the largest scale known in human history, and that together with the challenges of the transition to online learning, there are also opportunities to change perceptions of teaching and learning, and to include new ways in the learning and teaching process in higher education. Methodology: The research question was: What are students’ attitudes to the characteristics of learning in Zoom, the quality of teaching in Zoom and ways of learning in Zoom? The study is a quantitative one, the questionnaire contained closed questions, and 712 students who study in higher education institutions in Israel participated in the study. Contribution: Facilitators, inhibitors, implications and recommendations were identified. Findings: The findings showed that most students are satisfied with learning in Zoom, and that there was a significant improvement in the students’ attitudes towards learning in Zoom during their studies in the shadow of Covid-19. It was found that older students have more positive attitudes towards learning in Zoom, and learning disorders are connected to more negative attitudes towards learning in Zoom; however, there was also an improvement in the attitudes of students with learning disorders, during their learning experience in the shadow of COVID-19. Recommendations for Practitioners: This study shows that most students are satisfied with learning in Zoom and that there was a significant improvement in students’ attitudes towards learning in Zoom during their studies in the shadow of COVID-19, a year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis. Recommendations for Researchers: It was found that older students have more positive attitudes towards learning in Zoom, and learning disorders are connected to more negative attitudes towards distance learning; however, among students with learning disorders there was also an improvement in attitudes during their studies in the shadow of COVID-19. Impact on Society: The present crisis could be a catalyst for processes that have been taking place in recent years in the use of technology in teaching and learning and in the transition to online learning. Future Research: Future research on the effectiveness of learning by means of Zoom in higher education could examine parameters such as evaluation of the learners’ achievements, the quality of the assignments presented by the students, meeting schedules, whether lecturers manage to teach all the subject matter, the quality of the discussions in Zoom, use of technological tools, use of 21st century skills and similar.
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Chin, Jessica, Ibrahim Zeid, and Sagar Kamarthi. "Evidence-Based Best Practices: Wound Healing Tracking and Assessment." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62844.
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Standard medical practice is known to have a history of varying definition of “standard”. As with any industry with multiple entities, each entity defines their standards and expectations according to what they believe is their customers’ (i.e. patients) needs and preferences. Recently, our research on developing a predictive wound care assessment methodology and system has extended our study into analyzing evidence-based best practices in wound care clinics. Our research on wound healing predictive model systems, revealed key differences in operational practice between the clinics that were visited in different institutional settings. The scope of this study evaluates our observed wound care practice and wound care treatment to determine if there is a common set of effective practice that can be developed to better standardize care. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the operational practice and procedures at various community and teaching hospitals to determine if there is an ideal combination of tools and standard techniques that would be most beneficial to patient wound care. This paper will focus on methods of patient wound care. We will then present a model of “Evidence-Based Best Practices of Wound Care Assessment” that is based on the observation and interactions with various hospitals.
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Williams, Titus, Gregory Alexander, and Wendy Setlalentoa. "SOCIAL SCIENCE STUDENT TEACHERS’ AWARENESS OF THE INTERTWINESS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND SOCIAL JUSTICE IN MULTICULTURAL SCHOOL SETTINGS." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end037.
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This qualitative study is an exploration of final year Social Science education students awareness of the intertwined nature of Social Science as a subject and the role of social justice in the classroom of a democratic South Africa. This study finds that South African Social Science teachers interpret or experience the teaching of Social Science in various ways. In the South African transitional justice environment, Social Science education had to take into account the legacies of the apartheid-era schooling system and the official history narrative that contributed to conflict in South Africa. Throughout the world, issues of social justice and equity are becoming a significant part of everyday discourse in education and some of these themes are part of the Social Science curriculum. Through a qualitative research methodology, data was gathered from Focus Group Discussion (FGD) sessions with three groups of five teacher education students in two of the groups and the third having ten participants from the same race, in their final year, specializing in Social Science teaching. The data obtained were categorised and analysed in terms of the student teacher’s awareness of the intertwined nature of Social Science and social justice education. The results of the study have revealed that participants had a penchant for the subject Social Science because it assisted them to have a better understanding of social justice and the unequal society they live in; an awareness of social ills, and the challenges of people. Participants identified social justice characteristics within Social Science and relate to some extent while they were teaching the subject, certain themes within the Social Science curriculum. Findings suggest that the subject Social Science provides a perspective as to why social injustice and inequality are so prevalent in South Africa and in some parts of the world. Social Science content in its current form and South African context, emanates from events and activities that took place in communities and in the broader society, thus the linkage to social justice education. This study recommends different approaches to infuse social justice considerations Social Science; one being an empathetic approach – introducing activities to assist learners in viewing an issue from someone else’s perspective, particularly when issues of prejudice or discrimination against a particular group arise, or if the issue is remote from learners’ lives.
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Sun, Guojun. "The study of extracurricular reading in history teaching." In 3rd International Conference on Management Science, Education Technology, Arts, Social Science and Economics. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/msetasse-15.2015.12.
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Blazquez, M., J. Santos, G. Carro, G. Diaz, M. Castro, M. Latorre, I. Plaza, and F. Arcega. "Teaching technology with CLIL methodology: A case study." In 2013 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/educon.2013.6530164.
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Izatul Hanim Md Rashadi, Noor, and Abdul Razak Ahmad. "Lesson Study: Enhancing the Teaching and Learning of History Subject." In THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT & MULTI-ETHNIC SOCIETY. Padang: Redwhite Pres, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32698/gcs.01110.
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Terzieva, Valentina. "GAME-BASED TEACHING IN HISTORY – CASE STUDY IN BULGARIAN SCHOOLS." In 11th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2019.1686.
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Gao, Feng, and Qingling Qiu. "The study of Physics History Teaching in High School Physic." In 4th International Conference on Education, Management, Arts, Economics and Social Science (ICEMAESS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemaess-17.2017.85.
Full textReports on the topic "History – Study and teaching – Methodology"
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Stelmakh, Marta. HISTORICAL CONTEXT IN THE COLLECTION OF ARTICLES BY TIMOTHY SNYDER «UKRAINIAN HISTORY, RUSSIAN POLITICS, EUROPEAN FUTURE». Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11098.
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The article examines the problem of the image formation of Ukraine in the international arena in the historical journalism of Timothy Snyder. The subject of the research is the historical context in the journalistic collection «Ukrainian History, Russian Politics, European Future». It identifies the main considerations of the author on the past of Russian-Ukrainian relations and the need to develop historical consciousness in the fight against Russian manipulation. Methodology: the comparative, historical, system analysis and other methods are used in the process of scientific research. The results of the study were obtained by analysing the author’s journalistic works and by considering the main historical themes raised by Timothy Snyder. Main results: The historical context in Timothy Snyder’s journalism is often focused on the Holodomor and the events of World War II. After all, these events are connected with the beginning of the image formation of the Ukrainian people as supporters of Nazism by the Russian authorities and the devaluation of the Ukrainians’ contribution to the establishment of peace during the Second World War. It is determined that the non-reflective attitude to history, the inability to draw parallels between the events of the past and the future leads to an ineffective response to manipulation and propaganda, which can threaten world peace. Conclusions: the realization that Russian aggression against Ukraine has its own history is a necessary aspect in the elucidation of this issue. The Eurasian Union and cooperation with the European far-right are Russian propaganda tools that discredit the Ukrainian state in the world community. Publicist Timothy Snyder points out that Europe’s future interconnects with the past, so he emphasizes the need to study and rethink history, which today has become the object of propaganda and manipulation. Significance: The results of our study will help journalists who study the historical aspect of journalistic materials and research foreign materials on Ukrainian issues. In addition, our research is necessary for Ukraine, because Russia’s aggression continues, as well as the aggressor’s propaganda, which is based on the distortion and falsification of historical events.
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Thompson, Stephen, Brigitte Rohwerder, and Clement Arockiasamy. Freedom of Religious Belief and People with Disabilities: A Case Study of People with Disabilities from Religious Minorities in Chennai, India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.003.
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India has a unique and complex religious history, with faith and spirituality playing an important role in everyday life. Hinduism is the majority religion, and there are many minority religions. India also has a complicated class system and entrenched gender structures. Disability is another important identity. Many of these factors determine people’s experiences of social inclusion or exclusion. This paper explores how these intersecting identities influence the experience of inequality and marginalisation, with a particular focus on people with disabilities from minority religious backgrounds. A participatory qualitative methodology was employed in Chennai, to gather case studies that describe in-depth experiences of participants. Our findings show that many factors that make up a person’s identity intersect in India and impact how someone is included or excluded by society, with religious minority affiliation, caste, disability status, and gender all having the potential to add layers of marginalisation. These various identity factors, and how individuals and society react to them, impact on how people experience their social existence. Identity factors that form the basis for discrimination can be either visible or invisible, and discrimination may be explicit or implicit. Despite various legal and human rights frameworks at the national and international level that aim to prevent marginalisation, discrimination based on these factors is still prevalent in India. While some tokenistic interventions and schemes are in place to overcome marginalisation, such initiatives often only focus on one factor of identity, rather than considering intersecting factors. People with disabilities continue to experience exclusion in all aspects of their lives. Discrimination can exist both between, as well as within, religious communities, and is particularly prevalent in formal environments. Caste-based exclusion continues to be a major problem in India. The current socioeconomic environment and political climate can be seen to perpetuate marginalisation based on these factors. However, when people are included in society, regardless of belonging to a religious minority, having a disability, or being a certain caste, the impact on their life can be very positive.
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Bano, Masooda, and Zeena Oberoi. Embedding Innovation in State Systems: Lessons from Pratham in India. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/058.
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The learning crisis in many developing countries has led to searches for innovative teaching models. Adoption of innovation, however, disrupts routine and breaks institutional inertia, requiring government employees to change their way of working. Introducing and embedding innovative methods for improving learning outcomes within state institutions is thus a major challenge. For NGO-led innovation to have largescale impact, we need to understand: (1) what factors facilitate its adoption by senior bureaucracy and political elites; and (2) how to incentivise district-level field staff and school principals and teachers, who have to change their ways of working, to implement the innovation? This paper presents an ethnographic study of Pratham, one of the most influential NGOs in the domain of education in India today, which has attracted growing attention for introducing an innovative teaching methodology— Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) – with evidence of improved learning outcomes among primary-school students and adoption by a number of states in India. The case study suggests that while a combination of factors, including evidence of success, ease of method, the presence of a committed bureaucrat, and political opportunity are key to state adoption of an innovation, exposure to ground realities, hand holding and confidence building, informal interactions, provision of new teaching resources, and using existing lines of communication are core to ensuring the co-operation of those responsible for actual implementation. The Pratham case, however, also confirms existing concerns that even when NGO-led innovations are successfully implemented at a large scale, their replication across the state and their sustainability remain a challenge. Embedding good practice takes time; the political commitment leading to adoption of an innovation is often, however, tied to an immediate political opportunity being exploited by the political elites. Thus, when political opportunity rather than a genuine political will creates space for adoption of an innovation, state support for that innovation fades away before the new ways of working can replace the old habits. In contexts where states lack political will to improve learning outcomes, NGOs can only hope to make systematic change in state systems if, as in the case of Pratham, they operate as semi-social movements with large cadres of volunteers. The network of volunteers enables them to slow down and pick up again in response to changing political contexts, instead of quitting when state actors withdraw. Involving the community itself does not automatically lead to greater political accountability. Time-bound donor-funded NGO projects aiming to introduce innovation, however large in scale, simply cannot succeed in bringing about systematic change, because embedding change in state institutions lacking political will requires years of sustained engagement.
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Atuhurra, Julius, and Michelle Kaffenberger. System (In)Coherence: Quantifying the Alignment of Primary Education Curriculum Standards, Examinations, and Instruction in Two East African Countries. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/057.
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Improvements in instructional coherence have been shown to have large impacts on student learning, yet analysis of such coherence, especially in developing countries and at a systems level, is rare. We use an established methodology, the Surveys of Enacted Curriculum (SEC), and apply it to a developing country context to systematically analyze and quantify the content and coherence of the primary curriculum standards, national examinations, and actual teaching delivered in the classroom in Uganda and Tanzania. We find high levels of incoherence across all three instructional components. In Uganda, for example, only four of the fourteen topics in the English curriculum standards appear on the primary leaving exam, and two of the highest-priority topics in the standards are completely omitted from the exams. In Tanzania, only three of fourteen English topics are covered on the exam, and all are assessed at the “memorization” level. Rather than aligning with either the curriculum standards or exams, teachers’ classroom instruction is poorly aligned with both. Teachers tend to cover broad swathes of content and levels of cognitive demand, unrelated to the structure of either the curriculum standards or exams. An exception is Uganda mathematics, for which standards, exams, and teacher instruction are all well aligned. By shedding light on alignment deficits in the two countries, these results draw attention to a policy area that has previously attracted little (if any) attention in many developing countries’ education policy reform efforts. In addition to providing empirical results for Uganda and Tanzania, this study provides a proof-of-concept for the use of the SEC methodology as a diagnostic tool in developing countries, helping education systems identify areas of instructional (in)coherence and informing efforts to improve coherence for learning.