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Murchie, Donald Gilliland. "Utopia vs. history : Jonathan Swift and the twentieth century." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4869/.
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Sebire, M. (Mark). "The conflict between the personal and the social in Salman Rushdie’s Shame; ‘History’ vs. ‘history’." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201512122298.
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At its most simplistic, the novel Shame is a tale about the birth of the nation of Pakistan. Its author, Salman Rushdie, is perhaps uniquely placed to tell this tale. He was born in Bombay, then British India, on 19th June, 1947 to a wealthy Muslim family of Kashmiri descent. Less than two months after his birth, his country was subject to major political change. British India was divided, and the nation of Pakistan was created on 14th August, 1947. The following day India gained its independence from Britain. Rushdie was therefore born at a pivotal point in his country’s history. His upbringing and education is equally pivotal as it provides an insight into his writing style and perspective, as he is a product of both the Indian and British educational systems.
The central theme of this paper is that there are two distinct versions of history which are exposed in Shame; the official ‘History’ — with a capital ‘H’ — of the state, and the unofficial, personal ‘histories’ — with a small ‘h’ — of the characters in the novel. There is also the historical perspective of the author as well, which makes objective criticism complicated. The narrative process within the novel is a complex dialectic between the personal and the social; between what the state wishes people to believe has happened, and what people have actually witnessed, with the acknowledged limitations of memory and hindsight. The truth is a tantilising mirage; the closer the reader believes they are to it, the more Rushdie’s playful style leads them away. There are many views of the past depicted in the novel, therefore, but none of them could be described as definitive; they are all flawed by the subjectivity of the human condition. What Rushdie is doing, however, is forcing the reader to make up their own mind; to create their own ‘history’ from the versions he presents.
As well as being labelled as postcolonial writing, the novel has been described as postmodern fiction. Both of these assertions are examined in this paper. The “different” techniques that Rushdie applies in the telling of his story will be addressed in the first section of this paper. The second part of this paper details what I believe to be the main theme of the novel, which is the question of the nature of history, and the individual’s place within society. In telling his story, Rushdie is “creating” a history of his own. What is striking about this novel is that it illuminates the hazy uncertainty which exists between what people believe to be “fact” and what they see as “fiction”, and this is, of course, Rushdie’s point.
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Van, Huyssteen Konstant. "Populêre vs. literêre grensverhale : twee beelde van die Angolese oorlog (1966-1989)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19512.
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Bibliography: pages 198-207.In this dissertation, a study is made of two bodies of fiction documenting the South African soldier in Angola. The fiction was limited to Afrikaans short stories, as this genre is believed to best reflect the fragmentary, explosive experience of combat. This demarcation also served as a way of limiting the body of fiction for the study. A cut-off year of 1990 was taken. The rationale for this is that the late seventies and eighties was the golden age for the publication of border fiction, and that Southwest AfricaNamibia gained independence in 1990 with a SWAPO (South West Africa People's Organisation) government, thus largely defeating the purposes of South African military involvement in Namibia and Angola. The collections of short stories that were analyzed in this study, were divided into two categories. The stories published in popular family magazines such as Die Huisgenoot were considered to be popular fiction. These stories are overtly accepting of South Africa's involvement in Namibia and Angola, and are highly propagandistic. The collections Ses Wenverhale (1988) by Maretha Maartens and others, and Verby die wit brug (1978) by Johan Coetzee, were analyzed as examples of this category. In the category of literary short stories, Wie de hel het jou vertel? (1988) by Gawie Kellerman and 'n Wereld sonder grense (1984) by Alexander Strachan were analyzed. It is important to note that the texts were selected thematically i.e. the criterium was that they had to have the South African soldier in South West AfricaAngola as main theme. Analyses of the texts are based on the thesis formulated by H P van Coller in his article "Afrikaanse literatuur oor die gewapende konflik in Suider-Afrika sedert 1963 - 'n voorlopige verslag". In this report, Van Coller mentions that studies comparing the literary border fiction with the popular border fiction, have been left behind. The study aims at examining this unexplored territory and looks extensively at how these two bodies of fiction differ. It was found that two radically different images of the border war emerge from the two bodies of fiction: the popular fiction is uncritical, war is presented more as an exciting game in the popular fiction, whereas it is presented as deadly, yet addictive, in the literary fiction. The ideological backgrounds from which the stories are written, are fundamentally opposed: the popular fiction often sees the war as a continuation of the white man's struggle for survival on a violent continent, and God is assumed to be on the South African side. The literary fiction documents a loss of God and criticises the government, censorship and apartheid. The literary fiction also fulfills a function of reporting - that which has not been said in the media due to censorship by government. The scope of the popular fiction is much narrower than the literary fiction, ignoring issues such as homosexuality in the army, torture and atrocities. Finally, the conclusions differ, with a sentimental "all will be well" in the popular fiction, as opposed to the fundamental pessimism in the literary fiction.
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Ravikumar, Meghana. "The Dancer vs. The Adjudicator: Devadasi Resistance in the 19th-Century Court." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/987.
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This thesis investigates the dynamics between devadasi women and judges in the Anglo-Indian court in the Madras Presidency of 19th-century colonial India. The thesis focuses on how the devadasis navigated the colonial legal system and the strategies they utilized as well as the role of the judges' preconceived notions and prejudice in determining the decisions they made.
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Sanner, Helge. "Economy vs. history : What does actually determine the distribution of firms' locations in cities?" Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1413/.
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The aim of this study is to examine in which cases economic forces or historical singularities prevail in the determination of the long-run distribution of firms. We develop a relatively general model of heterogenous firms' location choice in discrete space. The main force towards an agglomerated structure is the reduction of transaction costs for consumers if firms are located closely, whilst competition and transport costs work towards a more disperse structure. We then assess the importance of the initial conditions by simulating and comparing the resulting distribution of firms for identical economic parameters but varying initial settings. If the equilibrium distributions of firms are similar we conclude that economic forces have prevailed, while differences in the resulting distributions indicate that 'history' is more important. The (dis)similarity of distributions of firms is calculated by means of a measure, which exhibits a number of desirable features.
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Jones, Kevin Wampler. "The Arab Quest for Modernity: Universal Impulses vs. State Development." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2113.
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The Arab Middle East began indigenous nation building relatively late in the twentieth century. Issues of legitimacy, identity, and conflicts with the West have plagued Arab nations. Arab states have espoused universal ideologies as solutions to the problems of Arab nation building.
The two ideologies of Pan-Arabism and Islamic modernism provided universal solutions to the Arab states. Both Pan-Arabism and Islamic modernism gained validity in political polemics aimed against colonialism, imperialism, Zionism, and the West. Both ideologies promised simple solutions to complex questions of building modern Arab society. Irrespective of ideology, Arab states have always acted in self-interest to perceived external threats. The West has perpetuated universal solutions to Arab nation building through continued intervention in the Middle East. The Arabs perpetuated universal solutions to Arab- nation building as panacea to the problems of becoming modern nations.
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Fišerová, Cwiklinski Marta. "Wonderful world with IKEA." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232371.
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The most important moment of whole project is the change of the status. Creation of unique sarcophagus for an object of mass-production - one of many globally manufactured objects become a part of a unique, authentic object and authorship. Transformation of one of the mass-product to the skeleton of author's object. Mass-product gives dimensions to the original object - it is directing process of creation. By creating its own unique case the object of mass-production is finally closer to human scale: one piece of furniture vs. one carpenter.
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Waksmunski, Valerie. "Yielding to the Worthy: The Chinese Abdication Myth as Discourse on Hereditary vs. Merit-based Leadership." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1441799724.
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Samerdyke, Olivia Kathleen. "Information vs. Propaganda:An Analysis of the Washington Post's Reporting of the Islamic State." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1459512198.
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Molina, Jamie L. "Accuracy of Parental Self-Report of Medical History in a Dental Setting: Integrated vs. Non-Integrated Records." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1591293979938653.
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Spencer, Freeze Rixa Anne. "French Food vs. Fast Food: José Bové Takes on McDonald’s." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1029182528.
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Spivey, John Kirby. "Coke vs. Pepsi: The Cola Wars in South Africa during The Anti-Apartheid Era." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_theses/35.
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This thesis looks at the actions of Coca-Cola and Pepsi in South Africa during both the anti-apartheid movement and the post-apartheid era. The processes which led to those actions, both corporations’ removal of their presence in South Africa, the effects this had on South Africa, and their reemergence in a post-apartheid state are examined. It will be shown that, despite the public relations campaigns of both Coke and Pepsi, far more importance was placed on their products’ profitability than the well-being of the black Africans who produced, delivered, or consumed the soft drinks. However, both companies found their actions during the 1980s to affect their success after the fall of apartheid. Coke never truly left the country, leading to overwhelming dominance through the rest of the 20th century. Pepsi adhered to different social imperatives and suffered exceptionally low market shares as a result.
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Oromí, Farrús Neus. "Latitudinal and altitudinal variation of life history traits in natterjack toads (Bufo calamita): genetic adaptation vs. phenotypic plasticity." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/51584.
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Olofsson, Anna-Maria. "Manchester vs : London - The etymology of the place-names of the two areas in connection with British history." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Humanities (HUM), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1736.
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The fact that five invasions have taken place in Great Britain, which all made a big impact on the country, makes the history of place-names particularly interesting. The aim of this essay is therefore to compare place-names in the Manchester area and the London area, and try to find the origin of the names. An additional aim is to find out which foreign invasion, if any, has coloured the areas the most.
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Karlsson, Hanna. "Vegetation changes and forest-line positions in the Swedish Scandes during late Holocene : anthropogenic impact vs. climate /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200831.pdf.
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Sostak, Brendan E. "Effects of constant vs. fluctuating temperatures on performance and life history of the herbivorous pest Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Eribidae)." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4021.
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The role of temperature variation in organismal performance is understudied, but is critically important for understanding the response of biodiversity to climate change. To address this issue in herbivorous insects, I studied the direct and interactive effects of thermal regime (constant vs. fluctuating temperatures) and nutrition (dietary nitrogen) on gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) performance under laboratory conditions. Predictions for differences between constant and fluctuating thermal conditions were derived from Jensen’s inequality, and artificial diets of differing nutritional quality were made by modifying nitrogen (casein) content. Larvae were reared in the laboratory under four temperature regimes (22°C constant, 22°C fluctuating (±6°C), 28°C constant, and 28°C fluctuating (±6°C)) and two diet treatments (high N, and low N). Gravimetric analyses were also conducted to calculate nutritional indices and assess the short-term effects of temperature and diet quality on fourth instar larvae growth efficiencies. Consistent with predictions from Jensen’s inequality, fluctuating thermal conditions significantly reduced larval performance in both sexes across ontogeny. Low quality diet also reduced performance, but interactions between diet and thermal regime were only found in early instars.
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Woods, Michael. "Reality vs. Perceptions: The Treatment of Early Modern French Jews in Politics and Literary Culture." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3391.
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Although historians have written extensively on both the early modern era and the development of an absolute monarchy, the history of Jewish communities in France and the role they played has been largely ignored. Beginning with the French Wars of Religion, this study analyzes to what extent France’s religious situation affected the growth of absolutism and how this in turn affected the Jews. Taking advantage of the fractured nature of the early French monarchy, Jews began settling in provinces along the border of both Spain and the Holy Roman Empire. Affected by economic jealousies and cultural perceptions of Jews, the treatment of these communities by local officials led to requests by Jews for royal intervention in these regions. Perceptions of Jews evolved through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as the French Enlightenment influenced the way Jewish characters were presented. This study then ties these perceptions of Jews to the political and economic reality of these communities in an attempt to create a unified history of France’s early modern Jewish population.
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Backlund, Annika. "BILENS INVERKAN PÅ STADSBILDEN OCH FÖRORTSSAMHÄLLET : STHLM vs SKHLM." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169540.
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Med stöd av filosofen Michel Foucaults begrepp styrningsmentalitet, definieras i denna uppsats den makt som de som styr staden har över stadens utformning. Uppsatsen belyser hur bilen som färdmedel påverkat stadsplaneringen och förändrat stadsbilden. Genom analys av stadsplaner, tidningsartiklar och relevant litteratur tydliggörs hur den politiskt styrda lagstiftande makten reglerat beslut gällande planförslag och markuppköp, som medfört att bilen beretts plats i Stockholms innerstad och därtill möjliggjort skapandet av Skärholmens centrum. Dessutom ger de berörda tidningsartiklarna inblick i hur den allmänna debatten förts och hur tidsandan kontinuerligt förändrats. I samband med bilens tillkomst, under tidigt 1900-tal, var de styrande väldigt entusiastiska till bilen som färdmedel, men trots det dröjde det innan bilismen kom att prägla stadens utformning. Fram till mitten av 1930-talet var det främst den spårburna trafiken, d.v.s. tåg och spårvagnar som det planerades för. År 1946 kom ett första förslag på en ny cityplan, som efter revidering antogs år 1952, samma år presenterades en generalplan för stadens ytterområden. Dessa planer resulterade sedermera i att Sergels torg och Skärholmens centrum uppfördes. För att skapa plats för Sergels torg som med sina modernistiska byggnader var resultatet av tankar om trafikseparering och storskalighet, påbörjades en rivningsvåg i Stockholms innerstad. Rivningarna ledde i sin tur till protester från allmänheten. Samtidigt debatterades den nya arkitekturen i pressen och uppfattningarna var varierande men påtagligt många av artiklarna hade en negativ ton. De ursprungligen positiva förhoppningarna gällande Skärholmens Centrum, grusades redan dagen efter dess invigning den 9 september 1968, då en serie av negativa skriverier i dagspressen inleddes. Under rubriken STHLM vs SKHLM görs en jämförande analys mellan utformningen av Sergels torg i förhållande till Skärholmens centrums utformning, där de trafikseparerings-lösningar som genomfördes i respektive område behandlas. Idag drygt femtio år efter byggnationen av Sergels torg och Skärholmens centrum, har politiska beslut fattats för att, från och med nästa år, 2020, begränsa användandet av bilar med förbränningsmotorer i Stockholms innerstad. Detta medför att man nu kan se förändringar i området runt Sergels torg, men även på andra platser i staden, där vägbanornas ytor minskats och fått ge vika för ökat utrymme för gångtrafikanter och andra trafikslag såsom små eldrivna skotrar och spårvagnens återkomst.
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Cate, Whitney Elizabeth. "Forgotten Heroes: Lessons from School Integration in a Small Southern Community." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1512.
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In the fall of 1956 Clinton High School in Clinton, Tennessee became the first public school in the south to desegregate. This paper examines how the quiet southern town handled the difficult task of forced integration while maintaining a commitment to the preservation of law and order. As the strength of a community was being tested, ordinary citizens in extraordinary circumstances met the challenges of integration with exceptional courage.
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Neuhouser, Marian L. Stone. "Absorption of pteroylglutamic acid and pteroylpolyglutamic acid in women with a history of neural tube defect affected pregnancies vs. controls /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6613.
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Plückers, Christine [Verfasser], and Carl [Akademischer Betreuer] Beierkuhnlein. "Following plant community assembly in semi-natural European grasslands by analyzing environmental factors vs. history effects / Christine Plückers ; Betreuer: Carl Beierkuhnlein." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2021. http://d-nb.info/122744463X/34.
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Esdaile, Michael James. "Rhetoric vs practice : a re-examination of the 1916 Arab Revolt's advisers." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83181.
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The First World War's 1916 Arab Revolt has become, in the West, a renowned episode in part because of the presence of one dominating character: T.E. Lawrence. However, "Lawrence of Arabia" is only the most prominent of the many Western agents sent to advise the Revolt. The narratives of these advisers have come to dominate the most Westerners popular conception of the Arab uprising. Most scholars have portrayed the British advisers to the Arab Revolt as "pro-Arab." The aim of this thesis is to challenge that portrayal through a careful analysis of the writings (published and unpublished) and actions of the four advisers: T.E. Lawrence, Sir Ronald Storrs, Major Sir Hubert Young, Lt Col. Sir Percy Joyce.I argue for a more subtle, complex, heterogeneous version of the advisers Pro-Arab approach. By examining the advisers' published accounts and the available archival resources the contrast between the rhetoric surrounding their legends and the actual practice of their war experiences will be laid bare. The goal of the thesis is to use primary sources to demonstrate, in various areas of their relationships with Arabs, a discourse of superiority versus inferiority. This work has consequently attempted to present a less altruistic agenda emerging from the advisers' wartime conduct. In its place I have demonstrated numerous instances where they coerced and enforced their own interpretation of Arab desires and even an "Arab" identity onto the Revolt itself and furthermore, cemented these interpretations into Western popular culture.
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Reeves, Chris M. "United Front and Action vs. Beautiful Coffee Cups: Fluxus Through the Publications of George Maciunas and Dick Higgins." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337715265.
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Lukes, Laura. "Analysis of Model-driven vs. Data-driven Approaches to Engaging Student Learning in Introductory Geoscience Laboratories." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9906.
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Increasingly, teachers are encouraged to use data resources in their classrooms, which are becoming more widely available on the web through organizations such as Digital Library for Earth System Education, National Science Digital Library, Project Kaleidoscope, and the National Science Teachers Association. As "real" data becomes readily accessible, studies are needed to assess and describe how to effectively use data to convey both content material and the nature of scientific inquiry and discovery. In this study, we created two introductory undergraduate physical geology lab modules for calculating plate motion. One engages students with a model-driven approach using contrived data. Students are taught a descriptive model and work with a set of contrived data that supports the model. The other lab exercise uses a data-driven approach with real data. Students are given the real data and are asked to make sense of it. They must use the data to create a descriptive model. Student content knowledge and understanding of the nature of science were assessed in a pretest-posttest experimental design using a survey containing 11 Likert-like scale questions covering the nature of science and 9 modified true/false format questions covering content knowledge. Survey results indicated that students gained content knowledge and increased their understanding of the nature of science with both approaches. Lab observations and written interviews indicate these gains resulted from students experiencing different pedagogical approaches used in each of the two labs.Master of Science
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O'Meara, Laura Ann. "I'm Ready for My Close-Up: Cameras as a Privacy Issue in State and Federal Courts." Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors158807949418986.
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Hurst, Laurel Myers. "Drive vs. Vamp: Theorizing Concepts that Organize “Improvisation” in Gospel Communities." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1292012236.
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Sturycz, Cassandra A. "Subjective Vs. Objective Physical Pain in Individuals Who Report a History of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: A Closer Look at What it Means to Experience Pain." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1404.
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Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is the self-inflicted damage to one’s bodily tissues without the intent to die. Previous research has sought to discover the motivation of an individual to perform such behavior and differences in the experience of pain among those who self-injure. The goals for the current study were to reveal any relationships between the function of NSSI, the subjective experience of pain, and an objective measurement of pressure pain threshold. Participants completed the Inventory of Statements About Self- Injury (ISAS; Klonsky & Glenn, 2009), which measures the functions that NSSI serves, and a measure assessing subjective pain experience, specifically frequency and severity of pain. Pain thresholds were also induced and recorded using a pressure algometer. The findings suggest that pain frequency significantly predicted pain threshold, whereas subjective pain severity did not. Furthermore, marking distress, the function of NSSI which serves as creating a tangible representation of emotional distress, was significantly associated with pain frequency, such that as marking distress increases in relevance, the less often one would be expected to experience pain. Therefore, the current study has implications relevant to both future research and the clinical setting.
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Owen, Gregory T. "Analysis of Background Check Policy in Higher Education." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/98.
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In the higher education environment today, lack of agreement about background checks between campus community members, fueled by unresolved tensions between security and privacy, has led many universities to adopt a patchwork of fragmented background check policies. Many of these policies have been created and accepted without careful consideration of the wide array of risks and complexities involved with background checks. This policy analysis examined the experiences and history behind Georgia Institute of Technology’s adoption of background check policy. This was achieved through interviewing relevant constituents and analyzing of all available/related official policy documents associated with Georgia Tech’s Pre-employment Background Check Policy and Program. This dissertation presents a chronological account of the events and influences associated with Georgia Tech’s adoption and revision of background check policy. Results of this study offer valuable insights and recommendations for further study in order to assist higher education policy makers and HR professionals at other universities in making more informed decisions regarding the challenges involved with background check, and similar, policy. Some of these insights include an awareness of societal tensions that exist between privacy and security policy; the importance of understanding how national, local, and organizational level triggering events have shaped and contributed to higher education background check policy that is based on a general concern for security; and my recommendation for further study into background check policy as it will relate to the higher matriculation process.
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Zidonis, Jeffrey J. ""The Old White Sportswriters Didn't Know What to Think": Tradition vs. New Journalism in the New York Times's Coverage of Muhammad Ali, 1963-1971." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1542123659696673.
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Lewis-Nash, Robert J. "Old Fields and New Fields: Ceramics and the Expanded Field of Sculpture." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin150695125608167.
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Schmitz, Matthias [Verfasser], Christoph [Gutachter] Heubeck, and Kamil [Gutachter] Ustaszewski. "Horizontal vs. vertical tectonics : analysis of large-scale structures related to the deformation history of the Archean Barberton Greenstone Belt / Matthias Schmitz ; Gutachter: Christoph Heubeck, Kamil Ustaszewski." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1210027143/34.
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Mutgan, Selcan. "Trends in Early Marriage in Shashemene, Ethiopia." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-104612.
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Despite the Family Code of 2000 that raised the legal age at marriage to 18 for both sexes; early family formation is still a common practice which affect many children in Ethiopia. Previous research has shown that girls in rural areas are more disadvantaged and suffer the consequences of early marriage the most. The purpose of this thesis is to study the risk factors for early marriage for both girls and boys in an urban area, Shashemene. Also, using longitudinal data, trends in early family formation between 1973 and 2008 have been analyzed with an event history approach. The data were collected as part of the project “Changing Ethiopia: Urban livelihood, gender, and ethnicity in Shashemene after 35 years: A case study”. The discrete-time complementary log-log regression estimates have provided evidence of gender inequality in early marriage formations, showing that girls are more prone to experience early marriage than boys. While area of birth (rural-urban) has no direct impact on the risk of early marriage, it is found that living in an urban area offsets the effect of area of birth, suggesting a selection process into migration. It is also found that school attendance decreases the likelihood of early marriage, while literacy has little effect. Moreover, among people living in Shashemene, religious affiliation has more impact on early marriage risks than ethnic identity and the first language. Finally, there was little evidence on period and cohort effects for early family formation.
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Mitchener, Donald Keith. "The American Doctrine for the Use of Naval Gunfire in Support of Amphibious Landings: Myth vs. Reality in the Central Pacific of World War II." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5609/.
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The United States Marine Corps and the United States Navy developed during the interwar period a doctrine that addressed the problems inherent in the substitution of naval gunfire for artillery support in an amphibious assault. The invasion of Betio Islet, Tarawa Atoll, in November of 1943 was the first test of this doctrine. It has been said many times since the war that the doctrine basically passed this test and that lessons learned at Tarawa increased the efficiency with which the Marine Corps and Navy applied the prewar doctrine during the rest of the war. An analysis of the planning and execution of naval bombardments in the Central Pacific Campaign, after the invasion of the Gilberts, does not support this claim. This analysis leads the researcher to three conclusions. First, the Japanese developed defenses against many of the effects of the gunfire support doctrine that blunted much of the force of American firepower. American planners were slow to recognize the implications of these changes and, consequently, were slow to react to them. Second, many naval commanders responsible for providing naval gunfire support for Central Pacific operations still equated tonnage of ordnance to effectiveness of bombardment, regardless of their frequent references to "the lessons of Tarawa." Finally, strategic concerns and outright ignorance played a large part in determining the use of naval gunfire, the first taking precedence over the "lessons" and the second leading to the ignoring of the "lessons" all together.
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袁展聰. "舊規制新戰爭: 嘉慶. 道光年間廣東海防研究= Old military system vs. new naval warfare: a research on coastal defense of Guangdong during the Jiaqing-Daoguang era /袁展聰." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/354.
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After the capture of Taiwan, the Qing Court devoted its energy to securing China's northern border. While fending off the invasion of Russia and Dzungar, Emperors Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong exposed the Southeast maritime frontier to pirates and the British merchants who continued to harass Guangdong during the Jiaqing-Daoguang era. With the support of the Tây Sơn dynasty, pirates in the South China Sea formed an alliance that controlled the major waterways of Guangdong. The discovery of new routes to the East opened new markets for European countries. England seized the opportunity to attack Macao Bocca twice, to break into Tigris and eventually to wage the Opium War. Responding to the growing threat towards her coastal defense, the Qing government dispatched several Viceroys of Liangguang (Guangdong and Guangxi) and Guangdong Commanders in Chief to launch a range of counter measures. In both wars, official used the strategic of coastal defense, in order to cut off the supplement from inland against the pirates and the United Kingdom. Although the pirates and the United Kingdom were different enemies, Qing government used the same method that was not accidental. In the early Qing, coastal defense was managed by the provincial government. Therefore, the development of coastal defense was affected by the quantity of provincial government's resource. Because of the Qing government strictly controlled provincial government's finance; Guangdong's coastal defense was a passive and conservative system. In the context of globalization, Guangdong's coastal defense was challenged by pirates and the United Kingdom. At that time, Navy of Guangdong was weaker than its opponent. As a result, Viceroys of Liangguang (Guangdong and Guangxi) and Guangdong Commanders in Chief insisted to defense the coast line. They believed the opponents would be starved in the sea, however, the result was totally different. Why officials used the same method to deal with pirates and the United Kingdom will be explored in this article, so as to reflect the situation of Guangdong's coastal defense in Jiaqing and Daoguang's era = 自收復台灣後，東南海洋一直處於和平狀態，反觀在北方國境，俄羅斯及準噶爾部卻嚴重威脅清朝的國防。經過康、雍、乾三朝的努力，清廷終於解決北部的邊防問題。但此一形勢在嘉慶、道光年間產生變化，廣東海防卻要面對兩大強敵──海盜與英國。藉着越南西山政權的幫助，廣東海盜乘勢崛興，控制航道，專注於打劫往來船隻，更組成強大的聯盟。而西方國家亦積極東來尋找市場、商品，英國亦為其中之一。為改變與中國貿易的情況，英國曾兩次試圖入侵澳門、強闖虎門，更發動鴉片戰爭，令廣東海防面臨嚴重威脅。在迎戰海盜、英國的過程中，清廷先後委任多名兩廣總督、水師提督，試圖阻止這些強敵。為方便研究，本文選擇當中的重要人物，觀察他們的應敵之道。嘉慶十年（1805），海盜組成大聯盟，勢力如日方中，而那彥成、吳熊光、百齡正是於此時出任兩廣總督。道光十四年（1834）發生律盧卑事件，清廷又先後以關天培、林則徐南下廣東，積極改善虎門防務，防止英國進犯。在兩場戰爭中，當時的官員都堅持嚴守海岸的戰略，以封鎖政策截斷內地物資供應，對抗海盜及英國。面對不同的敵人，清廷使用相同方法並非偶然。海防在清代前期由地方自行管理，所以發展受到地方資源多寡的影響。由於清廷嚴格限制地方財政，加上受地形影響，廣東海防只能維持被動和保守的體制。在全球化的背景下，海盜及英國乘時而起挑戰廣東海防。當時廣東水師實力不及對手，所以兩廣總督、水師提督都固守海岸防線，期望將對手困死海上，但是效果卻是截然不同。本文將探討為何有關官員使用相同方法，應對海盜、英國的入侵的原因，從而反映嘉慶、道光年間廣東海防的情況。
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Ben, Abbes Hedi. "History and identity in the works of V. S. Naipaul and Salman Rushdie." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE2029.
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Seaman, Leah M. "The depiction of female emotion as seen through the work of Italian Renaissance artists Artemisia Gentileschi and Michelangelo Caravaggios Judith Beheading Holofernes and Artemisia Gentileschi and Cavaliere dArpinos Susanna and the Elders." Marietta College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=marhonors161944857779248.
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Stavreva, Brigita. "New vs Old: New Architecture of Purpose in Old Settings." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78392.
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New architecture will invariable be placed next to the old architecture because cities and human settlements last for generations and as humans and tribal species we invariably congregate and build new buildings to live-in, work-in and entertain in. Thus we create cities from ever increasing smaller settlements. And the city is the playground where the new merges with that which has been built already – merging the new and the old.
Old town Alexandria is one such place where new and old exist side by side. There is no question that new architecture will be built. The questions are only what the new architecture will look like? What will it's existence respond to and what issues we as a society will choose to tackle with new architecture, if any. Will the new architecture and particularly infill architecture convey a purpose and meaning to rival that of its time-tested historic neighbors? And how the meaning and purpose be achieved in new architecture?
This thesis explores the topic of new/ infill architecture finding place in historic districts in particular - Old Town Alexandria Historic District and Parker-Gray district. What has been the approach that has dictated the image and purpose of new architecture in historic districts in Alexandria? And can the new architecture have meaning and purpose all its own to rival that of its predecessors.Master of Science
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AGUIAR, Joabe Barbosa. "Uma festa para a Rainha da Borborema: O Centenário de Campina Grande (1960 - 1964)." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2014. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1926.
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JOABE BARBOSA AGUIAR -DISSERTAÇÃO PPGH 2014..pdf: 7832554 bytes, checksum: f8139e11a91775ca3117629fdb0558f5 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-09T14:42:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOABE BARBOSA AGUIAR -DISSERTAÇÃO PPGH 2014..pdf: 7832554 bytes, checksum: f8139e11a91775ca3117629fdb0558f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05
Como leitores ávidos por novos horizontes e paisagens do passado, convido-lhes para esta trajetória em busca de novos significados sobre o centenário de Campina Grande (1964). Trata-se de uma investigação acerca da teatralização do poder, tendo como suporte a construção simbólica e imagética. Conduzimos teoricamente nossa pesquisa a partir do debate com a Nova História Política, nessa fundamentação, diálogo com os autores do campo da teatrocracia, como Balandier e Geertz. Adotamos como fonte de pesquisa o jornal Diário da Borborema que circulava no período em análise, além dos livros de Ata da Câmara dos Vereadores de Campina Grande, músicas produzidas para o centenário, álbum de figurinhas e fotografias sobre o evento festivo. Metodologicamente nos pautamos pela análise das falas, impressões e observações produzidas do contato com nossas fontes, com a preocupação de irmos além do meramente escrito, no sentido de compreender seus discursos como resultantes das relações de poder. Neste cenário, pretendemos decodificar as festas, os ritos e os cerimoniais como as letras de um alfabeto.
As readers eager for new horizons and landscapes of the past, invite them to this path in search of new meanings about the centenary of Campina Grande (1964). This is an investigation about the theatricality of power, supported the construction and symbolic imagery. We conduct our research theoretically from the debate with the New Political History, in this reasoning, dialogue with the authors in the field of teatrocracia as Balandier and Geertz. We adopt as a research newspaper Diário da Borborema that circulated in the period, and the books of the Minutes of the City Council of Campina Grande, songs produced for the centenary, sticker album and photographs about the festive event. Methodologically we have guided the analysis of discourse, impressions and observations produced contact with our sources, with the worry of going beyond the purely written, in order to understand their speech because of power relations. In this scenario, we want to decode the festivals, rites and ceremonies like the letters of an alphabet.
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Papenburg, Jens Gerrit. "Hörgeräte." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16485.
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Die Geräte, durch die Musik im Zeitalter der technischen (Re-)Produktion gehört wird, haben sich immer wieder gewandelt. Solche Geräte müssen überhört werden. Nur so kann Musik gehört werden. Trotzdem – so die These der Arbeit – organisieren diese Geräte das Hören und sind Agenturen einer Bewirtschaftung und Technisierung der Wahrnehmung. In der Arbeit wird anhand von zwei Fallstudien aus der Geschichte der Rock- und Popmusik gezeigt, wie solche Geräte sowohl den Hörer als auch die gehörte Musik formieren. Durch Hörtechnologien bilden sich neue Hörpraktiken heraus und die Körperlichkeit des Hörers wird neu bestimmt. Die Anpassung von Klanggeschehen an spezifische Hörtechnologien wird im Mastering – dem letzten Schritt der technischen Musikproduktion – untersuchbar. Die Geräte, durch die Musik gehört wird, sind also weder schlichte Wiedergabetechnologien noch bloße elektrotechnische Artefakte. Vielmehr sind sie Gefüge aus Klanglichkeit, Körperlichkeit und Technologie. Diese werden in der Arbeit als Hörgeräte auf den Begriff gebracht. Die Hörgeräte der Rock- und Popmusik zielen – wie ihre medizintechnischen Verwandten – auf die Materialität der Wahrnehmung. Im Gegensatz zu diesen funktionieren sie jedoch nicht als Prothesen, die an einer gattungsweit postulierten Norm ausgerichtet sind. Statt Normen bergen sie Exzesse – an Serialität und Wiederholung – sowie Eskalationen – von Lautstärke und von hohen und tiefen Frequenzen. Die Arbeit ist in drei Kapiteln gegliedert. Im ersten Kapitel wird die These der Arbeit in Bezug auf theoretische Diskurse der Musik-, Kultur- und Medienwissenschaft verortet und eine begriffliche Systematik entwickelt. Kapitel zwei und drei sind Fallstudien gewidmet. In der ersten wird das Jukeboxhören der Rock’n’Roll-Kultur der 1950er Jahre untersucht, in der zweiten das Soundsystemhören der Disco- und Clubkultur der 1970er bis 1990er Jahre. Die im ersten Kapitel entwickelte begriffliche Systematik macht die Fallstudien vergleichbar.The devices by which music is listened to in the age of technological (re-)production have changed over and over again. These devices must be imperceptible to the ear. Only then can music be heard. Nonetheless – this is the claim of the thesis – these devices organize hearing and are agents of a cultivation and technization of perception. Based on two case studies from the history of rock and pop music, this thesis reveals how such devices constitute not only the listener but also the music which is listened to. Through listening technologies new listening practices emerge and the corporality of the listener is newly defined. The adaptation of sound to specific listening technologies can be analysed during the mastering process, the last step in technological music production. The devices by which music is listened to are thus neither simple technologies of reproduction nor mere electrotechnical artefacts. Rather, they are assemblages of sound, corporality, and technology. In this thesis these assemblages are called “Hörgeräte” (listening devices). The listening devices of rock and pop music target – like medical-technical “Hörgeräte” (hearing aids) – the materiality of perception. Contrary to medical technologies, however, listening devices do not function as prostheses, which are calibrated according to medical industry standards. Instead, they contain excesses – of seriality and repetition – and escalations – of amplitude and high and low frequencies. The thesis is arranged in three chapters. In the first chapter I situate the main argument of the thesis within discourses of musicology, media and cultural studies, and develop my own terminology. Chapters two and three deal with case studies. In chapter two I investigate jukebox listening in 1950s rock’n’roll culture, whilst in chapter three I explore sound system listening in disco and club culture from the 1970s to the 1990s. The terminology developed in chapter one enables a comparison of the case studies.
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Trouchaud, Jean. "Henri Justel (1620-1693) et son rôle dans le débat Foi et Raison au sein de la République des Lettres dans la deuxième moitié du dix-septième siècle." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040027.
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Henri Justel (Paris 1620 - Londres 1693) est un érudit français huguenot anglophile, membre éminent de la République des Lettres Il a été peu étudié en France à cause de son apport littéraire inexistant si on fait abstraction de sa riche correspondance et ce, en dépit de la brillante académie privée internationale qu'il animait à Paris, de son vaste réseau et de ses centres d'intérêt divers et variés et touchant autant les humanités que les sciences. C'est l'un deux, Foi et Raison, qui est exploré ici tant dans son contexte d'époque que dans le cercle de Justel. Ce débat entre la Science et la Foi a conduit à classer les idées philosophiques de beaucoup de grands esprits du XVIIème siècle. Pourra-t-il en être de même pour Justel?Henri Justel (Paris 1620 - London 1693) was a french, huguenot and anglophile erudite and a important member of the République des Lettres. He is not so wellknown in France because his poor literary contribution in spite of his very rich correspondence, of the brilliant private academy he was hosting in Paris, of his large network of relations and of his various interests in sciences as well as in humanities. One of those, Faith vs Reason, is to be dealt with overhere, either in his historical context or in Justel's circle. This very debate between Science and Faith lead to classify the philosophical options of many famous characters of the seventeenth century. Shall we be able to do so about Justel?
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Boisvert, Étienne. "Îlots boisés en terre de grande culture : relictualité et biodiversité, l’exemple du Vexin français. Essai de biogéographie historique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040147.
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L’objectif est de distinguer les îlots boisés relictuels des néoformés dans une matrice agricole, de les recenser avant de les caractériser et d’évaluer leur biodiversité et pour finir d’en tirer un modèle. La méthode associe le recours aux archives et aux photographies aériennes à l’enquête de terrain (1996-2007). L’approche cartographique s’est faite par analyse régressive (2004-1620). Le seuil temporel permet de reconnaître 152 îlots (<50ha) dont l’existence est attestée avant 1620. L’analyse régressive s’appuie sur le réseau viaire, élément fixe et structurant du paysage, pour cartographier les petits bois.On constate une forte relation entre la localisation des îlots relictuels, les tracés antiques et les chemins médiévaux. La caractérisation et l’évaluation de la biodiversité des relictuels s’effectuent selon une démarche spatio-temporelle pluriscalaire, et à partir d’une comparaison avec les îlots néoformés. L’analyse à partir de la canopée informe sur la texture de la couverture boisée et la dynamique du manteau forestier, sur les coupes, les lisières et le réseau viaire intraforestier. L’analyse de la structure interne porte sur la diversité taxinomique et la diversité écologique des espèces végétales et des espèces aviaires indicatrices. Ces analyses font apparaître la spécificité des relictuels, dont est proposé un modèle. Il s’agit soit de fragments de forêts anciennes, soit en plus grand nombre de formations boisées secondaires mais anciennes, gallo-romaines, mérovingiennes ou médiévalesThe purpose is to distinguish the relictual forest islands from the recent ones in an agricultural matrix; to inventory and characterize them and to assess their biodiversity, and eventually to develop a model. The method combines the resort to archives and aerial photographs with field studies (1996-2007). The mapping approach has been based on regression analysis (2004-1620). The time threshold has made it possible to identify 152 woodlots (<50ha) which presence was attested before 1620. The regression analysis to map the wood patches has been based on the path network, which is a fixed and structuring element of the landscape. There is a strong relation between the location of the relictual forest islands, the antique tracks and the medieval paths. The characterization and assessment of the relictual forest islands biodiversity have been carried out following a time and space pluri-scalar approach and from a comparison with recent forest islands. The analysis was based on the shapeless canopy, the texture and dynamics of the forest cover, the cuttings, the edges and the internal forest path network. The analysis of the internal structure focuses on the taxonomic diversity and the ecological diversity of the plant species and the indicator bird species. These analyses have stressed the specificity of the relictual forest islands, a model of which has been developed. They are either fragment of ancient forests, or, in most cases, secondary but old forest forms from the Gallo-Roman, Merovingian or medieval time
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Delaney, Stephen Brecker. "Sheff vs. O'Neill, Connecticut's landmark desegregation case." 2000. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3000304.
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On April 18, 1989, eighteen school aged children from the metropolitan Hartford, Connecticut area, acting through their parents, commenced a civil action in the Hartford Superior Court. The suit named the State of Connecticut, constitutionally elected officials, and officials of various state commissions and agencies as defendants. The plaintiffs alleged significant constitutional violations under applicable sections of the State constitution which they believe constituted a denial of their fundamental rights to an education and rights to equal protection under the law. In the landmark civil rights decision of Sheff v. O'Neill, the Connecticut Supreme Court, on July 16, 1996, ruled that based upon these constitutional claims, the state had an affirmative obligation to provide Connecticut's school children with a substantially equal educational opportunity. This constitutionally guaranteed right encompasses the access to a public education which is not substantially and materially impaired by racial and ethnic isolation. The Court further concluded that school districting based upon town and city boundary lines are unconstitutional. The implications and potential ramifications of this decision are significant. This dissertation chronicles the events and examines the issues surrounding this landmark decision. The background contributing to the plaintiffs claims, the state's position, the historical evolution of the case, and reaction/actions and proposals to remedy and comply with the court's order are examined.
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Anderson, Maria Helen. "Private choices vs. public voices: The history of Planned Parenthood in Houston." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/19239.
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Over the past half century the name Planned Parenthood has become a household term. As its leadership has struggled to create and maintain its identity and to keep it financially afloat, the organization has evolved. This is the story of one local affiliate: Planned Parenthood of Houston and Southeast Texas.
Planned Parenthood of Houston had its origins in the philanthropy of Houston's "white-gloved elite," and in the poverty of the Great Depression. It also found support in the courts, which by the 1930s were beginning to re-define the law of obscenity (to exclude contraceptives) and by the 1960s to define the right of privacy as broad enough to encompass the right of marital privacy. These judicial decisions would be crucial precedents to the landmark abortion case, Roe v. Wade, which legalized the right of abortion.
Neither Planned Parenthood of Houston nor its parent organization, the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, evolved in a social or legal vacuum. The purpose of this study is to illuminate the history of one affiliate as it grew from a tiny clinic for the poor to a large, powerful urban organization with an eclectic clientele and a number of satellite clinics, an organization in the vanguard of reproductive rights and technology. It also attempts to place Planned Parenthood's legal, institutional, and social history in the context of state and national public policies, and to illuminate ways that the innate federalism of the Planned Parenthood organization, individual's rights to privacy, and government policies intersected and sometimes clashed.
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"Church Vs. State In The Morisco And Co-patronage Debates." Tulane University Digital Library, 2016.
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This thesis explores two debates that came to a head in early seventeenth century in Spain, in response to a period of military, economic, and religious crisis. The first of these debates, on the "u201cMorisco problem,"u201d concerned the decision of whether or not the baptized descendants of the Moors should be expelled from Iberia, on the grounds that they had not become true Catholics and thus remained a corrosive influence on society. The second debate, the co-patronage controversy, revolved around the belief held by numerous members of the government and clergy that Spain would be better represented by two patron saints rather than by only one. The newly canonized Saint Teresa of Ávila was strongly considered, at the urging of Philip IV and his favorite the Count-Duke of Olivares, for the role of co-patron at Santiago"'s side, as a symbol of purity, reform, and the struggle against Protestant heresy. I argue that the arguments for the expulsion of the Moriscos, as well as from those favoring the co-patronage of Teresa, represent attempts to make Spain more securely orthodox in response to perceived external and internal threats posed by heretics and infidels. In both cases, we can also clearly see that the monarchy and secular authorities were willing and able to overlook the opposition of Church authorities even within these two discourses intrinsically tied to matters of faith, demonstrating a weakness of the Spanish Catholic Church when its goals came into conflict with those of the state.Bryan Laird
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Figuera, Maria. "The cartography of borders in Ana Teresa Torres’s “Doña Inés Vs. Oblivion”." 2009. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3359136.
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By 1992, due to the Fifth Centennial of the Conquest, an increase in the publication of historic novels were taking place. As a consequence this editorial phenomenon caused the incorporation of new voices to a new tradition of genre already broaden established in Spanish America own to a long tradition of writers. Just at that moment Doña Inés contra el olvido, written by the Venezuelan writer Ana Teresa Torres, came up as an alternative version of telling the history from a woman perspective. Doña Inés, the responsible voice of the story, struck up a monologue in order to recount the Venezuelan history asking to absent speakers already dead. As a main topic the novel explains the dispute on the Curiepe lands, so it poses the conflicts to get the power between two groups or castes to gain the territory control along the three centuries. This research has three specific aims: to put this novel into context within the wide tradition of this particular subgenre, the historical novel; in second place to introduce it in the renovation fulfilled by master pieces of female authorship; and as a last commitment, to describe and analyze the construction of the natioñs account. In fact, Curiepe is turned into a metaphorical territory to ascertain the power in dispute. Here the authoritarian discourse is questioned as well as the significance the minority resistance groups has had when they confront the power ones. Though Doña Inés lets see it is possible to imagine the future when the past is imagined, the final historical pact between these two groups turned irony because it reflects a society which emerges as a result of an established violence from the power. At the same time, in this act of give in and reconcile, the historical sense is lost in the minority group struggle, led by a free slave. That is the reason why the novel also shows a pessimistic view of the history because this conflict persists as a narrative continuity in the Continent history.
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Masenya, Lesego. "Poverty in South Africa: an analysis of former vs non-former homeland areas." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/29688.
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A Research Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the Degree of Master of Economic Science in the School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandThe objective of the study is to analyse the effect former homeland status on poverty in South Africa. The study uses 2011 Census community profiles data from Statistics South Africa and cartographic data. Two methodologies are used in order to identify the effect of former homeland status on poverty, i.e., Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD). Notably, the RDD model is the main model as it formally identifies the treatment effect by comparing former and non-former homelands within a quasi-experimental framework. The results indicate that former homeland areas experience higher poverty levels relative to non-former homeland areas. The analysis shows that a large portion of the “raw” poverty differential is explained by differences in observed characteristics between former and non-former homeland areas. The remaining difference is attributable to former homeland status. The ‘scarring effect’ is small but statistically significant. Thus, the results call for government intervention aimed at reducing differences in observed characteristics of former and non-former homeland areas. The study notes that such mechanisms will narrow the difference in poverty rates but might not close it entirely since part of the difference is structural and depends on the rate at which the ‘scarring effect’ fades overtime.
NG (2020)
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Scherber, Annette Mary. ""Clean Clothes vs. Clean Water": Consumer Activism, Gender, and the Fight to Clean Up the Great Lakes, 1965-1974." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/17815.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)During the late 1960s and early 1970s, the polluted Great Lakes became a central focus of the North American environmental movement. A majority of this pollution stemmed from phosphate-based laundry detergent use, which had become the primary product households used to wash fabrics after World War II. The large volume of phosphorus in these detergents discharged into the lakes caused excess growths of algae to form in waterways, which turned green and smelly. As the algae died off, it reduced the oxygen in the water, making it less habitable for fish and other aquatic life, a process known as eutrophication. As primary consumers of laundry detergents during the time period, women, particularly white, middle-class housewives in the United States and Canada, became involved in state/provincial, national, and international discussions involving ecology, water pollution, and sewage treatment alongside scientists, politicians, and government officials. Their work as volunteers, activists, and lobbyists influencing the debate and ensuing policies on how best to abate this type of pollution, known as eutrophication, has often been ignored. This thesis recognizes the work women completed encouraging the enactment of key water quality regulations and popularizing the basic tenets of environmentally-conscious consumption practices during the environmental movement in the early 1970s.
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Merjavá, Jana. "Sociální jistoty vs. osobní svobody. Období tzv. normalizace a transformace očima obyvatelů Krompach. Životopisná vyprávění." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-323775.
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The aim of this thesis is to affect opinions and attitudes of residents of a small town in the east Slovakia to the society during the period of normalization and transformation. These aims are achieved by exploiting the method of oral history and using mainly data obtained in biographical interviews with eight locals as a primary source of information. Their statements are thoroughly analysed and interpreted in two counterparts. Regarding the normalization period, social security was the main subject for analysis, namely the phenomenon of labour, housing, and social services for families with children, while in respect of the period of transformation, personal freedom of expression, movement, and religion has been analysed. Finally, all the obtained conclusions are compared with the available scientific literature in the given field. This thesis aims to affect mainly how the mentioned phenomena were perceived by the individual narrators and how this perception has changed after the year 1989. As part of the conclusion and using all the findings this work provides a comparison of the studied periods; however, an imaginary battle between social security and individual freedoms remains undecided. Moreover, beside the actual analysis the thesis contains a methodological section as well as a section...
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Lin, Hung-Yi, and 林弘毅. "Reviewing the History and Choices of Central Government in the R.O.C System from a "Checks and Balances" Standpoint：Executive vs. Legislative Powers." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21398312922859155104.
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碩士輔仁大學
法律學研究所
99
The Constitution of the R.O.C was developed in 1946, which is knew as "five-power constitution"; however, whether it means that the "five rights" are divided, or the basic elements of it are only the three of it, " Execution ", "Legislation", and "Jurisdiction", is worth studying. Since the original Constitution and the amended one (1997) were both applied "semi-presidential system", and under this system, the president masters the nomination of the Prime Minister and the other constitutional organizations, it can be said that the president is the soul of horizontal separation of powers. Therefore, this project will discuss the President's authority at great length. In addition, there were no problems of this system in the past fifty years, when the presidents and the majority in the Legislative Yuan belonged to the same party; nevertheless, after the first change of the ruling party in 2000, the social chaos caused by constitutional deadlocks has indirectly affected the economic development of our country. If the semi-presidential system is not feasible, either “British parliamentary system” or “American presidential system” is more suitable for customs and traditions in R.O.C. This study seeks for the answers and provides suggestions by analyzing and comparing.
50
Everling, Kathleen M. "Lau vs. Nichols 40 Years Later - Where Are We Now? A Study of Philosophical, Political, Cultural and Societal Issues Impacting Bilingual Education in the Early 21st Century." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-12-7391.
Full textAbstract:
Bilingual education in the United States has been at the forefront of educational politics and debates since its inception. Arguments over language of instruction and program goals overshadow the deeper philosophical, political and societal issues rooted at the heart of bilingual education. This purpose of this study was to present a critical view of the issues impacting a small Central Texas school district?s early childhood bilingual program. Over the course of a year, I conducted a focus group interview followed by individual interviews with two preschool and two kindergarten Spanish bilingual teachers. I collected field notes and observational data on site for two years. Based in grounded theory, the data dictated the focus of the study. The open coding process used to analyze the focus group interview data uncovered the foundational themes for this study. The individual interviews were analyzed using open coding, confirming and elaborating on the themes. Field notes and observational data were used to triangulate the data. The themes were: philosophical and theoretical foundations, politics and policies, and social and cultural issues.
Through the lens of the data, I examined the impact of No Child Left Behind, Reading First, and the corresponding Texas regulations. The participants found the testing requirements to be distracting from their teaching. They believed the requirements, particularly for assessment, to be inappropriate and of limited use in their classrooms. From a sociocultural perspective, I discovered discrimination and segregation, but the teacher participants never opened a dialogue about these practices with each other or their administrator. The bilingual classes were isolated, given inferior and inappropriate materials. The school's culture was one of assimilation, not diversity.
Finally, I examined the underlying issues that impacted this bilingual education program and the implications for further research. There is a need to conduct further research into bilingual teacher education, including alternative certification and continuing education, the hidden curriculum and bilingual education and empowerment of bilingual teachers through dialogue. Bilingual education holds the promise of closing the gaps in education, but further research must include the critical areas of influence including philosophy, politics and sociocultural issues, not just program goals and language acquisition.