Journal articles: 'HIV affected children – Nutritional status'

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Ndirangu, Murugi, James O. Wariero, Sonia Ehrlich Sachs, Peninah Masibo, and Richard J. Deckelbaum. "Nutritional Status of Under-Five Children in HIV-Affected Households in Western Kenya." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 32, no. 2 (June 2011): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482651103200208.

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Leandro-Merhi, Vânia Aparecida, Maria Marluce dos Santos Vilela, Marcos Nolasco da Silva, Fábio Ancona Lopez, and Antônio de Azevedo Barros Filho. "Evolution of nutritional status of infants infected with the human immunodeficiency virus." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 118, no. 5 (September 7, 2000): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802000000500007.

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CONTEXT: There are today only a limited number of studies defining growth parameters and nutritional status for HIV children. OBJECTIVE: To study the nutritional status of infants infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. TYPE OF STUDY: Longitudinal study. SETTING: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and twenty-four children born to HIV infected mothers were evaluated from birth until the age of two years. They were subdivided into two groups: 71 infected children and 53 non-infected children. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Growth was evaluated in both groups by comparing Z-scores for weight/age (w/a), length/age (H/a) and weight/length (w/H) (using the NCHS curves as reference). RESULTS: The Z-score analyses showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups for all the variables studied, except for the H/a value at 3 months of age and the W/H value at 21 months of age, which showed P > 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: The growth of infected infants was observed to be severely affected in comparison with that of seroreversed infants in the same age groups. Although clinical manifestations may take time to appear, the onset of growth changes begin soon after birth.

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Lacey, Emily De, Cally Tann, Nora Groce, Maria Kett, Michael Quiring, Ethan Bergman, Caryl Garcia, and Marko Kerac. "A Systematic Review of the Nutritional Status of Children Living in Institutionalized Care." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_027.

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Abstract Objectives An estimated 2.7 million children live within institutionalized care worldwide. This systematic review aimed to evaluate available data on the nutritional status of children living within institutionalized care. Methods Four databases were searched for articles published between January 1990 to January 2019. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they contained information on anthropometry or micronutrient status of children living within institutionalized care. The review is registered on PROSPERO: CRD42019117103. Results We screened 3602 titles and reviewed 98 full texts, from which 25 papers were determined eligible. The majority of studies were cross sectional (88%). Low birth weight ranged from 25 to 39%. Five (20%) studies included information on children with disabilities reporting prevalence from 8 to 75%. Prevalence of undernutrition varied between ages, sites and countries: stunting ranged from 9 to 72%; wasting from 0 to 27%; underweight from 7 to 79%; low BMI from 5 to 27%. Overweight/obesity ranged between 10 to 32% and small head circumference from 17 to 41%. The prevalence of HIV was between 2 to 23% and anemia from 3 to 90%. Skin conditions or infections ranged between 10 to 31% and parasites from 6 to 76%. Institution-based children were more malnourished than community peers and younger children were more malnourished than older children. A high risk of bias was found in the studies. Conclusions Addressing the nutrition needs of this underrepresented vulnerable population of children is important in the fight against malnutrition worldwide. Prevention and treatment of poor nutrition in this population can have far reaching impacts but there is limited research on their nutritional status. Children in institutions were commonly malnourished; affected by undernutrition, overnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Few studies described disabilities, despite disabilities being common in this population and having a big potential impact on nutritional status. Together, these findings suggest a need for greater focus on prevention and treatment of malnutrition in this population, especially for younger children and children with disabilities. More information is needed to support the millions of children living within institutionalized care to address their rights and needs for healthy development. Funding Sources No funding.

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Rivers, Jonathan, John Mason, Eva Silvestre, Stuart Gillespie, Mary Mahy, and Roeland Monasch. "Impact of Orphanhood on Underweight Prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 29, no. 1 (March 2008): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482650802900104.

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Background In Africa, approximately 25 million people live with HIV/AIDS and 12 million children are orphaned. Although evidence indicates that orphans risk losing opportunities for adequate education, health care, and future employment, the immediate effects of orphanhood on child nutritional status remain poorly understood. Objective This paper assesses the nutritional impact of orphanhood, with particular emphasis on taking account of various factors potentially confounding or masking these impacts. Methods Child anthropometry and orphan status were examined in 23 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and Demographic and Health Surveys throughout sub-Saharan Africa, which were subsequently merged into larger, region-specific datasets (East, West, and Southern Africa). To compare orphans and nonorphans, linear regression and probit models were developed, taking account of orphan status and type, presence of a surviving parent in the household, household structure, child age and sex, urban versus rural residence, and current wealth status. Results Few differences emerged between orphans and nonorphans in controlled and uncontrolled comparisons, regardless of orphan type, presence of surviving parent, or household structure. Age differentials did confound nutritional comparisons, although in the counterintuitive direction, with orphans (who were 8 months older on average) becoming less malnourished when age differences were taken into account. Wealth did appear to be associated with orphanhood status, although it did not significantly confound nutritional comparisons. Conclusions Orphans were not consistently more malnourished than nonorphans, even when potential confounding variables were examined. Since household wealth status is likely to change after becoming affected by HIV, ruling out wealth as a potential confounder would require more detailed, prospective studies.

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van Elsland, Sabine L., Marinka van der Hoeven, Shubhangini Joshi, Colleen M. Doak, and Maiza Campos Ponce. "Pressure cooker ownership and food security in Aurangabad, India." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 5 (October 24, 2011): 818–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011002461.

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AbstractObjectiveTo explore associations between household food security and home gardening, use of soya and pressure cooker ownership in low-income households affected by HIV/AIDS in Aurangabad, India.DesignCross-sectional pilot study which assessed household food security using the validated US Department of Agriculture's food security core-module questionnaire. Questions were added to explore household environment, education, occupation, home gardening, use of soya and pressure cooker ownership. Households with very lowv. low food security were compared using logistic regression analysis, controlling for confounding by socio-economic status.SettingAurangabad is an urban setting situated in a primarily agricultural dependent area. The study was carried out in 2008, at the peak of the global food crisis.SubjectsAdult caregivers of children affiliated with the Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Aurangabad.ResultsAll except for one of 133 households were identified as food insecure (99·2 %). Of these households, 35·6 % had to cut size or skip a meal in the past 30 d. Households that cut meal size due to cooking fuel shortages were more likely to have very low food security (OR = 4·67; 95 % CI 1·62, 13·44) compared with households having no cooking fuel shortages. Owning a pressure cooker was shown to be protective against very low food security after controlling for confounding by socio-economic status (OR = 0·27; 95 % CI 0·11, 0·64).ConclusionsOnly pressure cooker ownership showed a protective association with low household food security. Pressure cookers save household fuel costs. Therefore, future interventions should explore pressure cookers as a sustainable means of improving household food security.

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Kabra, SK, and Rakesh Lodha. "Health & nutritional status of HIV infected children." Indian Journal of Medical Research 141, no. 1 (2015): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.154486.

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Fundaro, C., O. Genovese, C. Rendell, A. Olivieri, M. Sorcini, M. D'Archivio, A. Plebani, and G. Segni. "Thyroid function and nutritional status in HIV-infected children." Nutrition 13, no. 3 (March 1997): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(97)82685-8.

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Nnyepi, Maria, Maurice R. Bennink, Jose Jackson-Malete, Sumathi Venkatesh, Leapetswe Malete, Lucky Mokgatlhe, Philemon Lyoka, Gabriel M. Anabwani, Jerry Makhanda, and Lorraine J. Weatherspoon. "Nutrition status of HIV+ children in Botswana." Health Education 115, no. 5 (August 3, 2015): 495–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-04-2014-0052.

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Purpose – Identifying and addressing poor nutritional status in school-aged children is often not prioritized relative to HIV/AIDS treatment. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the benefits of integrating nutrition (assessment and culturally acceptable food supplement intervention) in the treatment strategy for this target group. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted a randomized, double blind pre-/post-intervention trial with 201 HIV-positive children (six to 15 years) in Botswana. Eligibility included CD4 cell counts < 700/mm3 (a marker for the severity of HIV infection), documented treatment with antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, and no reported evidence of taking supplemental food products with one or more added nutrients in the six-month period prior to the study. The intervention (12 months) consisted of two food supplements for ethical reason, one with a higher protein content, bean (bean-sorghum based) group (n=97) and a cereal (sorghum) group (n=104) both of which contained added energy- and micro- nutrients. Anthropometric and biochemical nutritional status indicators (stunting, wasting, underweight, skinfolds for fat and muscle protein reserves, and hemoglobin levels) were compared within and between the bean and the cereal groups pre- and post-intervention separately for children six to nine years and ten to 15 years. Findings – Older children (ten to 15 years) fared worse overall compared to those who were younger (six to nine years) children in anthropometric and protein status indicators both at baseline and post-intervention. Among children six to nine years, the mid arm circumference and blood hemoglobin levels improved significantly in both the bean and cereal groups (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Although the BMI for age z-score and the triceps skinfold decreased significantly in the bean group, the post-intervention subscapular skinfold (fat stores) was significantly higher for the bean group compared to the cereal group (p < 0.05). Among children ten to 15 years, both the bean and the cereal groups also showed improvement in mid arm circumference (p < 0.001), but only those in the bean group showed improvement in hemoglobin (p < 0.01) post-intervention. Originality/value – Similar significant nutritional status findings and trends were found for both food interventions and age within group pre- vs post-comparisons, except hemoglobin in the older children. Post-intervention hemoglobin levels for the type food supplement was higher for the “bean” vs the “cereal” food in the younger age group. The fact that all children, but especially those who were older were in poor nutritional status supports the need for nutrition intervention in conjunction with ARV treatment in children with HIV/AIDS, perhaps using a scaled up future approach to enhance desired outcomes.

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Velasco, Carlos A., Pio Lopez, and Leydi J. Contreras. "ANTHROPOMETRIC NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN CHILDREN HIV POSITIVE WITH VERTICAL TRANSMISSION." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 41, no. 4 (October 2005): 508–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mpg.0000181907.63036.d7.

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Mittal, Meenu. "Nutritional Considerations and Dental Management of Children and Adolescents with HIV/AIDS." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 36, no. 1 (September 1, 2011): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.36.1.h858tw2488v17164.

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The HIV infected child has increased caloric needs, yet multiple factors interfere with adequate nutritional intake. Nutritional support is needed to maintain optimum nourishment during the symptomatic period, in order to prevent further deterioration of the nutritional status during acute episodes of infection, and to improve the nutritional status during the stable symptom free period. With the advent of better methods of detection and better therapies, we are beginning to see HIV infected children surviving longer, and thus coming under the care of a host of affiliated medical personnel, including dentists. Oral health care workers need to provide dental care for HIV-infected patients and recognize as well as understand the significance of oral manifestations associated with HIV infection. The present article reviews, on the basis of literature, nutritional status, nutrition assessment and counseling in HIV/ AIDS children and adolescents. Dental treatment considerations in these, as well as modifications in treatment if required, are also discussed.

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Claudio, Cristiane Chiantelli, Rose Vega Patin, Cecília Zanin Palchetti, Daisy Maria Machado, Regina Célia de Menezes Succi, and Fernanda Luisa Ceragioli Oliveira. "Nutritional status and metabolic disorders in HIV-exposed uninfected prepubertal children." Nutrition 29, no. 7-8 (July 2013): 1020–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2013.01.019.

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Henderson, R. A., N. Hutton, P. Derusso, and B. Caballero. "Viral load is associated with nutritional status in HIV-infected children." Nutrition 13, no. 3 (March 1997): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(97)82626-3.

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Duiculescu, D., D. Ispas, G. Tapas, P. Calistru, C. A. Oprea, and L. Paun. "Correlations between nutritional status and CD4 values in HIV infected children." Nutrition 13, no. 3 (March 1997): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(97)82698-6.

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Tremeschin, Marina Hjertquist, Maria Célia Cervi, José Simon Camelo Júnior, Bento Vidal de Moura Negrini, Francisco Eulógio Martinez, Fabrízio Motta, Mônica Silva de Souza Meirelles, Helio Vanucchhi, and Jacqueline Pontes Monteiro. "Niacin Nutritional Status in HIV Type 1–Positive Children: Preliminary Data." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 44, no. 5 (May 2007): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mpg.0b013e3180308da2.

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Hemalatha, R., Vasudev Murali, K. Damayanti, V. Bhaskar, GKrishna Swetha, and UV Prasad. "Health & nutritional status of HIV infected children in Hyderabad, India." Indian Journal of Medical Research 141, no. 1 (2015): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.154494.

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Indrawanti, Ratni, Egi Arguni, Ida Safitri Laksanawati, Dwiyanti Puspitasari, and Dominicus Husada. "Status gizi dan gambaran klinis penyakit pada pasien HIV anak awal terdiagnosis." Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 17, no. 3 (January 7, 2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.62154.

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Nutritional status and clinical disease of HIV children patients when diagnosed for the first timeBackground: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children can cause nutritional problems. Currently, HIV-infected children are still diagnosed when the disease stage is advanced. Nutritional status is a marker of advanced stage conditions in HIV infection.Objective: To determine the clinical findings of disease and nutritional status of HIV children patients when diagnosed for the first time.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study. The data were taken from the medical record documents of child patients aged 0-18 years with the ICD 10 code B20, who was treated at the Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Hospital from 1 January 2004-31 December 2019. Results: There were 191 children diagnosed with HIV, 56% of them were boys. The median age was 34 months (IQR 25: 13 months, IQR 75: 69 months), and 95.5% among those were infected perinatally. There were 77 (40,3%) children who suffered from severe malnutrition and 55 (28.8%) children were moderate acute malnutrition. At the age of 0-60 months among them, there were 49 children (36.3%) suffered from severely underweight, 35 children (25.9%) underweight, 53 (39.3%) severely stunted, 38 (28.1%) stunted, 28 severely wasted (20.7%), and wasted as many as 24 (17.8%). At the age of 5-18 years old, there were 19 (33.9%) and 5 (8.9%) children who suffered from severely wasted and wasted respectively. World Health Organization (WHO) stages 3 and 4 were experienced by 62 (32.5%) and 68 (35.6%) children. As many as 41.3% of children had enlarged lymph nodes, thrush (40.8%), pneumonia (40.8%), and persistent or chronic diarrhea (21.5%). Conclusions: The nutritional status of HIV-infected children at baseline was dominated by underweight and stunted. The most clinical findings of the disease when the child was diagnosed with HIV infection were lymphadenopathy, oral thrush, pneumonia, and persistent or chronic diarrhea.

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Lira Amaya, M. G., M. E. Nandi, and G. Basurto. "MON-PP252: Nutritional and Metabolic Status of Hiv-Positive Children and Adolescents." Clinical Nutrition 34 (September 2015): S220—S221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5614(15)30684-1.

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Goosen, Charlene, Jeannine Baumgartner, Nadja Mikulic, Shaun L. Barnabas, Mark F. Cotton, Michael B. Zimmermann, and Renée Blaauw. "Examining Associations of HIV and Iron Status with Nutritional and Inflammatory Status, Anemia, and Dietary Intake in South African Schoolchildren." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030962.

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The etiology of multifactorial morbidities such as undernutrition and anemia in children living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (HIV+) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is poorly understood. Our objective was to examine associations of HIV and iron status with nutritional and inflammatory status, anemia, and dietary intake in school-aged South African children. Using a two-way factorial case-control design, we compared four groups of 8 to 13-year-old South African schoolchildren: (1) HIV+ and low iron stores (inflammation-unadjusted serum ferritin ≤ 40 µg/L), n = 43; (2) HIV+ and iron sufficient non-anemic (inflammation-unadjusted serum ferritin > 40 µg/L, hemoglobin ≥ 115 g/L), n = 41; (3) children without HIV (HIV-ve) and low iron stores, n = 45; and (4) HIV-ve and iron sufficient non-anemic, n = 45. We assessed height, weight, plasma ferritin (PF), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), plasma retinol-binding protein, plasma zinc, C-reactive protein (CRP), α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and selected nutrient intakes. Both HIV and low iron stores were associated with lower height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ, p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively), while both HIV and sufficient iron stores were associated with significantly higher CRP and AGP concentrations. HIV+ children with low iron stores had significantly lower HAZ, significantly higher sTfR concentrations, and significantly higher prevalence of subclinical inflammation (CRP 0.05 to 4.99 mg/L) (54%) than both HIV-ve groups. HIV was associated with 2.5-fold higher odds of iron deficient erythropoiesis (sTfR > 8.3 mg/L) (95% CI: 1.03–5.8, p = 0.04), 2.7-fold higher odds of subclinical inflammation (95% CI: 1.4–5.3, p = 0.004), and 12-fold higher odds of macrocytosis (95% CI: 6–27, p < 0.001). Compared to HIV-ve counterparts, HIV+ children reported significantly lower daily intake of animal protein, muscle protein, heme iron, calcium, riboflavin, and vitamin B12, and significantly higher proportions of HIV+ children did not meet vitamin A and fiber requirements. Compared to iron sufficient non-anemic counterparts, children with low iron stores reported significantly higher daily intake of plant protein, lower daily intake of vitamin A, and lower proportions of inadequate fiber intake. Along with best treatment practices for HIV, optimizing dietary intake in HIV+ children could improve nutritional status and anemia in this vulnerable population. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03572010.

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Raja'a, Y. A., S. M. Sulaiman, and J. S. Mubarak. "Nutritional status of Yemeni schoolchildren in Al-Mahweet Governorate." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 7, no. 1-2 (March 15, 2001): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2001.7.1-2.204.

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The nutritional status of 948 children selected randomly from Al-Mahweet Governorate schools was investigated. Age range was 5-18 years with a mean of 10.6 +/- 2.8 years. Among the children, 3.4% had depleted iron and 43.4% had below average skin-fold thickness. Approximately half of the children were either stunted or chronically underweight and 1 child in 20 was underfed. Depleted fat stores affected two-fifths of the children and approximately one-fifth were anaemic. Urban residents scored significantly higher on nutritional parameters than rural children. Serum ferritin levels were significantly greater among males than females whereas mean height-for-age, weight-for-age and skin-fold thickness were lower.

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Jantarapakde, Jureeporn, Chitsanu Pancharoen, Somsong Teeratakulpisarn, Pornpen Mathajittiphan, Rosalin Kriengsinyot, Taweeksak Channgam, Supabhorn Pengnonyang, et al. "An Integrated Approach to HIV Disclosure for HIV-Affected Families in Thailand." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 18 (January 1, 2019): 232595821983102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958219831021.

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Disclosure of HIV status to family members could improve communication, relationship, and cohesion. We evaluated the impact of a family-centered program designed to increase the readiness/willingness of parents to disclose HIV status to their children. People living with HIV (PLWH) with children ≥8 years were surveyed regarding HIV knowledge, family relationship, attitudes, willingness/readiness to disclose, and they were then invited to participate in group education and family camps. Of 367 PLWH surveyed, 0.8% had disclosed, 14.7% had not yet disclosed but were willing/ready to disclose, 50.4% were willing but not ready, and 33.2% did not wish to disclose. The educational sessions and camps led to significant improvements of HIV knowledge and disclosure techniques, and readiness/willingness to disclose. Given the benefits of group education and family camps in supporting PLWH to improve their communication with their families and disclose their HIV status, these supporting activities should be included in HIV programs.

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Souza, D. T., P. H. C. Rondo, and L. C. Reis. "The Nutritional Status of Children and Adolescents with HIV/AIDS on Antiretroviral Therapy." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 57, no. 1 (June 4, 2010): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmq035.

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BRIDGE, ANDREA, LORY LAING, GIAN S. JHANGRI, WALTER KIPP, and JOSEPH KONDE-LULE. "NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF YOUNG CHILDREN IN AIDS-AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS AND CONTROLS IN UGANDA." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 74, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 926–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2006.74.926.

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Palla, Jayasree, Aparna Mallipudi, Ravi Babu Komaram, and Mishra S. K. "Health and nutritional status of HIV infected children living in the orphanages of Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 7 (June 26, 2020): 2542. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20202974.

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Background: HIV infected orphan children are the most vulnerable and neglected group in the society. They are more susceptible to constant illness, malnutrition and social discrimination. Aim: To assess the health and nutritional status of HIV infected children living in the orphanages of Rajamahendravaram.Methods: This was a community based cross-sectional study, conducted among the HIV infected children aged 1 to 15 years, living at two orphanages in Rajamahendravaram. Study subjects were selected by consecutive sampling method. A semi-structured schedule was used for the collection of data. Health status was assessed by a schedule for morbidity profile; Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric measurements, clinical examination and by a schedule for dietary intake. Z scores were calculated using the anthropometric measurements of the study participants; WHO reference growth charts were used to assess the nutritional status. Results were presented as percentages, proportions, mean and standard deviation.Results: Total 150 HIV infected children were enrolled in the study. The mean age of children was 9.28±2.88 years. 26% of children were born with birth weight <2.5 kg. Out of 150 children, 46.65% were underweight, 50% were stunted, and 22.6% were thin. The mean energy intake of HIV infected children indicates deficiency in comparison to reference standards of WHO.Conclusions: Unhealthy condition and undernutrition is highly prevalent in HIV infected children living in orphanages. Hence, their needs are to be addressed and all efforts need to be directed at alleviating undernutrition and ill health.

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Faisel, A. "Underestimation of malnutrition among Pakistani infants weighed with clothes on." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/1996.2.2.255.

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Manygrowth monitoring programmes at health facilities and in communities in Pakistan weigh children with their clothes on. The nutritional status of infants at the Rawalpindi General Hospital was estimated from weight without clothes on and showed that about 8% of malnourished children were being missed. This underestimation mostly affected children with grade II and grade III malnutrition. Generally, more boys have normal nutritional status than girls. Accordingly, weight with clothes on was found to underestimate the malnutrition status of girls more than that of boys. Children should be weighed without clothes on so as estimate their nutritional status and risk accurately

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Choudhary, Nidhi, Sunil Gomber, and Manish Narang. "Clinico-immunological profile and outcome of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive children." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 8 (April 3, 2012): 1442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011003181.

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AbstractObjectivesTo study the clinico-immunological, nutritional and growth characteristics of HIV-infected children and the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on these parameters.DesignRetrospective study.SettingOut-patient department of a paediatric ART centre, Delhi, India.SubjectsHIV-positive children registered at the paediatric ART centre of the hospital were enrolled (n 130). Anthropometric measurements were used to classify children into the type of malnutrition according to definitions of the WHO and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical and immunological status of the children was recorded as per WHO guidelines. First-line ART was started based on guidelines of the National AIDS Control Organization. Nutritional status and clinico-immunological characteristics were followed up annually in children receiving ART.ResultsOf children ≤5 years of age (n 54), stunting was noted in 42·5 % contrary to wasting seen in only 12·9 %. In children >5 years of age (n 76), short stature (40·7 %) and underweight (39·4 %) were seen in almost equal proportions. Asymptomatic presentation was noted in 60·0 %. Following ART, a reduction in wasting was noted in 75·0 % of children ≤5 years of age, whereas only 44·4 % of underweight children >5 years of age showed an improvement after therapy. Stunting and short stature continued to persist in all in children (≤5 years and >5 years, respectively). Clinico-immunologically, 67·5 % improved in clinical status and 62·5 % showed immunological improvement.ConclusionsART improves the acute parameters of nutritional status like wasting. It also improves the clinical outcome and restores the immune system. At present first-line ART is effective in HIV-positive children.

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Shrestha, Lochana, and J. B. K. Khattri. "HEALTH STATUS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN OF POKHARA VALLEY, NEPAL." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 42, no. 147 (May 1, 2003): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.819.

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ABSTRACTThe cross sectional study to assess the health and nutritional status of school children in the age group of4-15 years was carried out in 6 government primary schools of Pokhara valley by health team of thedepartment of Social & Preventive Medicine (SPM), Manipal College of Medical Science, Pokhara, Nepal.A total of 750 students of both sexes, 368 boys and 382 girls were examined. The prevalence of wasting andstunting in these children were low (10.3% & 15.7% respectively) with boys suffering more than girls inboth aspects. The 6-10 years old children were affected most. Pediculosis, Dental caries and Worm infestationwere three most common diseases suffered by students. The study highlighted the need for continuation ofschool health services aimed at improvement of their health & nutritional status.Key Words: School Children, Health Status, Wasting, Stunting.

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Emerole, Karl, Galina Kozhevnikova, Vasily Isakov, Sergey Voznesenskiy, Vladislav Konnov, Vladimir Pilipenko, Veniamin Golub, et al. "Clinical Assessment of Nutritional and Metabolic Status in HIV Outpatients." Open AIDS Journal 14, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613602014010011.

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Background: After the World Health Organization’s first technical consultation on Nutrient Requirements for People Living with HIV/AIDS in Geneva, 2003, a lot of research questions that are considered crucial for enhancing our understanding of the interaction of nutrition and HIV infection were raised and until this moment, left unanswered. To gain a better understanding of HIV and nutrition, we implemented a comprehensive approach. The aim of our study was to assess the nutritional and metabolic status in order to enhance the provision of medical care to people living with HIV. Methods: 45 HIV patients and 32 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Within the HIV group, 32 (71%) were male and 13 (29%) female. Only 7 (15%) were ART naïve. Overall their median age, CD4 count and viral load were 30 years (IQR: 28-40), 407 (IQR: 357-490) cells/mm3 and 500 (IQR: 0-1000) copies/ml, respectively. None of the participants in the HIV group had any active infection. Food intake by monthly dietary recall was determined. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. The selected biochemical parameters were evaluated and the resting metabolic rates were calculated using indirect calorimetry to accurately understand the metabolism of participants. Results: Participants in the HIV group did not meet the recommended daily allowance level (RDA) of carbohydrate requirements. The fat-free mass significantly decreased in the HIV group (P < 0.05). Resting energy expenditure was excessive in the HIV group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Values of urea nitrogen concentration, fat and protein oxidation rates in the HIV group significantly increased (P < 0.01). The carbohydrate oxidation in the HIV group significantly decreased (P < 0.01) Conclusions: The study reveals a catabolic status in the HIV group and suggests an adjustment in the nutrient RDA to compensate such status. Further investigation should be extended to vulnerable population group particularly children.

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Macallan, Derek C. "Nutrition and immune function in human immunodeficiency virus infection." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, no. 3 (August 1999): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002966519900097x.

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The triad of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, nutritional status and immune function are intimately related, each factor having effects on the others. The dominant effect in this three-way relationship is the effect of HIV infection on nutritional status, an effect which, until the advent of potent anti-retroviral drugs, has been manifest primarily as wasting. Recently, more complex metabolic abnormalities have become apparent, particularly fat redistribution syndromes, hyperlipidaemia and hypercholesterolaemia. For the converse effect, the effect of nutritional state on HIV disease progression, there is good evidence that clinical outcome is poorer in individuals with compromised nutrition. However, the beneficial effects of nutritional support have been more difficult to demonstrate. For macronutrients, effective macronutrient supply improves survival in severely-malnourished individuals and may have beneficial effects in less-severely-affected individuals. Micronutrient deficiencies appear to be involved in modifying clinical HIV disease and may also be associated with enhanced mother-to-child transmission of virus, particularly in developing countries. Intervention trials in this setting are currently under way. In conclusion, the interaction of HIV infection and nutrition is of great importance not just because of the major impact that HIV infection has on nutritional state, but also because strategies to improve nutritional status, both quantitatively and qualitatively, may have a beneficial effect on the clinical and immunological course of the disease.

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Thapar, Rekha, Meher Singha, Nithin Kumar, Prasanna Mithra, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Ramesh Holla, Vaman Kulkarni, B. B. Darshan, and Avinash Kumar. "Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Children Orphaned due to AIDS Residing in Care Giving Institutions in Coastal South India." AIDS Research and Treatment 2019 (November 3, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4712908.

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Background. HIV/AIDS has a greater impact on children. Besides being orphaned by the untimely demise of one or both parents due to the disease, these children are more prone for discrimination by the society. Methods. In this cross-sectional study 86 children orphaned by AIDS residing in care giving institutions for HIV positive children in Mangalore were assessed for their clinico-epidemiological profile and nutritional status. Institutional Ethics Committee clearance was obtained before the commencement of the study. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 11.5 and the results expressed in mean (standard deviation) and proportions. BMI was calculated and nutritional status assessed using WHO Z scores (BMI for Age) for children between 5 and 19 years separately for boys and girls. Results. The mean age of the children was 13.2 ± 3 years. Majority (n=56, 65.1%) of the children were double orphans. Most of the children orphaned by AIDS (n=78, 90.7%) had a history of both the parents being HIV positive. The median CD4 count of participants at the time of our study was 853.5 (IQR 552–1092) cells/microliter. A higher percentage of orphans were malnourished compared to nonorphans. (41.1% vs. 36.7%). All the educational institutions, wherein the children orphaned by AIDS were enrolled, were aware about their HIV status. Five of the participants felt discriminated in their schools. Only two of the participants felt discriminated by their friends because of their HIV status. Conclusion. From our study we draw conclusion that even though the children orphaned due to AIDS are rehabilitated in terms of having shelter and provision of education and health care, much needs to be done in terms of improving the nutritional status of these children and alleviating the discriminatory attitude of the society towards them.

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Contri, Patricia Viganó, Érica Miranda Berchielli, Marina Hjertquist Tremeschin, Bento Vidal de Moura Negrini, Roberta Garcia Salomão, and Jacqueline Pontes Monteiro. "Nutritional status and lipid profile of HIV-positive children and adolescents using antiretroviral therapy." Clinics 66, no. 6 (2011): 997–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1807-59322011000600013.

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Fiore, Paolo, Emanuela Donelli, Silvia Boni, Emanuele Pontali, Roberto Tramalloni, and Dante Bassetti. "Nutritional status changes in HIV-infected children receiving combined antiretroviral therapy including protease inhibitors." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 16, no. 3 (November 2000): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-8579(00)00266-1.

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Mishra, Vinod, Fred Arnold, Fredrick Otieno, Anne Cross, and Rathavuth Hong. "Education and Nutritional Status of Orphans and Children of Hiv–Infected Parents in Kenya." AIDS Education and Prevention 19, no. 5 (October 2007): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2007.19.5.383.

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Condo, Jeanine U., Anastasia Gage, Nancy Mock, Janet Rice, and Ted Greiner. "Sex differences in nutritional status of HIV-exposed children in Rwanda: a longitudinal study." Tropical Medicine & International Health 20, no. 1 (October 27, 2014): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12406.

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Miller, Tracie L., Sylvia Evans, Isabel Vasquez, and E. John Orav. "Dietary Intake is an Important Predictor of Nutritional Status in HIV-Infected Children. • 497." Pediatric Research 41 (April 1997): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199704001-00517.

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Ali, Hassan, Saadia Khan, Ibad Ali, Asad Abbas, Reema Arshad, Iqra Akram, and Abeeha Ajmal. "Assessment of malnutrition by different anthropometric method and effect of poverty and maternal education as a barrier to healthy nutritional status among children under five years of age." Professional Medical Journal 27, no. 10 (October 10, 2020): 2122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.10.4468.

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Objectives: Pakistan is facing double burden of malnutrition. The purpose of current study was to access the nutritional status by different anthropometric methods and common barriers that affect the nutritional status of children. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Children Hospital & Institute of Child Health Multan, Pakistan. Period: From 1st March 2019 to 1ST January 2020. Material & Methods: The study contained of 405 children with 216 boys and 187 girls. The data was collected by trained nutritionist in OPD of Children Hospital & Institute of Child Health and data was analyzed by using SPSS version 21.0. Results: The study showed that malnutrition is caused by poor socioeconomic status and low education level of care giver. The data showed that 318 (78.51%) participants involved in this study were malnourished. Nutritional status mostly affected during first birthday (36.79%). In this study 50.12% participants belonged to poor nutritional status and 47.65% mother were uneducated. Conclusion: The mother education and good socioeconomic status can prevent children from malnutrition. Feeding practices and weaning starting time also play role in defining nutritional status of children. Children under five year of age are at very sensitive of age and more prone to diseases so well balance diet and mother feeding upto-2 years of age can prevent children from chronic diseases and improve nutritional status.

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Manuhutu, Rendy, Dyah Umiyarni Purnamasari, and Endo Dardjito. "PENGARUH TINGKAT KONSUMSI ENERGI, PROTEIN, LEMAK, DAN STATUS KECACINGAN TERHADAP STATUS GIZI PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 01 LIMPAKUWUS." Kesmas Indonesia 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.ki.2017.9.1.227.

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School age is the important period of human life and the quality have to be prepared well. The school age children is susceptible to malnutrition. Malnutrition among school age children will implicatethe children�s development and further potential development in that age. Food consumption levels and worm infection status are the two most affected factors to nutritional status of children school. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of energy, protein, fat and worm inflectional status to the nutritional status of SDN 01 Limpakuwus�s student in Sumbang, Banyumas. This research was cross sectional study approach,used purposive sampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria in 44 respondents. Analysis conducted by univariate, bivariate (Spearman rank) and multivariate (multiple logistic regression).Multivariate analysis showed the variables that influenced nutritional status is the level of fat consumption (p=0.022), and the variable did not affect the nutritional status are the level of energy consumption (p=0.999), protein consumption level (p=0.580), and worm infection status (p = 0.661). The suggestion is to get more food that can fulfil the energy, protein, fat needs and make the canteen in the school becomes a healthy canteen that serves healthy and nutritious meal.

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Sari, Fatimah, Bhisma Murti, Endang Sutisna S., and Kusnandar Kusnandar. "Health Promotion Model for Improvement of the Nutritional Status of Children Under Five Years." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 8 (June 16, 2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n8p144.

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OBJECTIVE: Nutrition problems in Indonesia are multidimensional problems that are influenced by several factors including economic, education, social culture, agriculture, and health. Nutrition problems reflect economic, political, and social crises as the root causes of malnutrition. This study formulates a health promotion model to improve the nutritional status of children under five years old. METHOD: This type of research is quantitative with survey design and cross-sectional approach. RESULT: This study produced a risk of children under five yearsexperiencing poor nutritional status with a history of illness.The risk of children under five yearsexperiencing undernourished nutritional status with strong health workers-cadre-family partnerships and strong family support. The risk of children under five years experiencing wasting nutritional status increases with a history of diarrheal disease. The risk of children under five yearsexperiencing wasting nutritional status decreases with strong health workers-cadre-family partnerships and strong family support. The risk of a child under five yearsexperiencing a stunting nutritional status increases with a history of diarrheal disease. The risk of children under five years old experiencing stunting nutritional status decreases with strong health workers-cadre-family partnerships and strong family support. CONCLUSION: Nutritional status of children under five years (malnutrition, wasting and stunting) is affected directly and indirectly through the variables of family income, mother's knowledge, attitudes towards nutrition problems, environmental sanitation, social capital, health workers-cadre-family partnerships, family support, history of diarrhea disease and mother'seducation.

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Zafreen, Farzana, Md Mustafizur Rahman, Md Habibur Rahman, and Md Abdul Wahab. "Nutritional Status of Under-Five Children of Chattogram Hill Tracts." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 14, no. 1 (August 22, 2019): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v14i1.42715.

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Introduction: Adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood is fundamental to the development of child’s full human potentials. Malnutrition is recognized as one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among the children under- five years and developing countries are the worst affected. Objectives: To assess the nutritional status of under-five children of selected area of Chattogram hill tracts of Bangladesh. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 children with age between 6 months to 5 years, reported to the outpatients department of selected hospitals were included purposively. All the data were collected by interviewing the mothers of the children by using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed by using WHO recommended height for age Z-score (HAZ) for stunting, weight for age Z-score (WAZ) for underweight, height for weight Z-score (HWZ) for wasting and mid upper am circumference (MUAC) for overall nutritional status. Results: Out of 300 children 53.3% were boys and 48.4% were aged less than 2 years. About 50.7% children were tribal and 49.3% were bengali. Majority (56.45%) of the children’s mothers’ age was below 25 years, 36.7% was illiterate, 92.7% were housewives and 85.6% had monthly family income less than 10,000 taka. Regarding children nutritional status 15.6% was moderate stunted, 30.7% was mild stunted; severe, moderate and mild underweight was 4.3%, 13.3% and 24.7% respectively. About 1.7% was found severe wasted and 15.3% was moderate wasted. By MUAC 20.3% were of moderate acute malnutrition and 3.3% were of severe acute malnutrition. Conclusion: This study result revealed a high prevalence of malnutrition among under-five children in the study area. Considering the acute and long-term consequences of malnutrition special interventions program is needed to overcome the situation. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 21-23

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BHARATI, SUSMITA, MANORANJAN PAL, and PREMANANDA BHARATI. "DETERMINANTS OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN INDIA." Journal of Biosocial Science 40, no. 6 (November 2008): 801–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932008002812.

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SummaryThe aim of this paper is to assess the spatial distribution of nutritional status of children of less than three years through Z-scores of weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height using data collected by the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2, 1998–99), India. The nutritional status of pre-school children was regressed on different socio-demographic factors after eliminating the effect of age. The data show that there are gender differences and spatial variations in the nutritional status of children in India. Gender difference is not very pronounced and almost disappears when the effects of age and socio-demographic variables are removed. The spatial difference, especially the rural–urban difference, was found to be very large and decreased substantially when the effects of age and socioeconomic variables were removed. However, the differences were not close to zero. All the variables were found to affect significantly the nutritional status of children. However, the literacy of mothers did not affect height-for-age significantly. The weight-for-age and height-for-age scores showed a dismal picture of the health condition of children in almost all states in India. The worst affected states are Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh. Assam and Rajasthans are also lagging behind. Weight-for-height scores do not give a clear picture of state-wise variation. Goa, Kerala and Punjab are the three most developed states in India and also have the lowest percentages of underweight children according to the Z-scores. Along with these three states come the north-eastern states where women are well educated. Thus overall development, enhancement of level of education and low gender inequality are the key factors for improvement in the health status of Indian children.

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Moffatt, Michael E. K. "Current status of nutritional deficiencies in Canadian Aboriginal people." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 754–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y95-100.

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Since the Nutrition Canada Survey (1973) there has been clear evidence that Aboriginal people have low intakes of many nutrients such as iron, vitamin D, calcium, folate, vitamin A, and fluoride. Recent surveys suggest that the situation has not changed. Children are most likely to be affected clinically. More than half of Aboriginal children in some subpopulations in Manitoba suffer a period of iron deficiency, which may affect development. Nutritional rickets is still a common problem in Manitoba. We have seen cases of megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency. The relationship of the well-described low folate intake in pregnancy and birth defects has received no attention for the Aboriginal population. In a recent survey of Inuit children, dental caries of the primary teeth were present in over 70% of children, with a mean DMF (decayed, missing, and filled) index of 1.8 teeth in children under 2 and 9.5 in children 6 to 8 years. Although clinical vitamin A deficiency is not seen, there is now good evidence that subclinical deficiency increases susceptibility to infections. Although not all Aboriginal populations suffer all of these deficiencies, the problems are sufficiently widespread to suggest this is an urgent problem. It will not be solved simply by education. There must be a political will and a coordinated effort to make a balanced diet available to all at an affordable cost.Key words: North American Indian, nutrition, iron deficiency, rickets.

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Ernawati, Ernawati. "Growth and Development of Children Suffering From HIV/AIDS." Media Keperawatan Indonesia 1, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/mki.1.1.2018.27-34.

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HIV infection increases the need for energy and nutrients. The presence of opportunistic infections in HIV / Aids will produce neurological symptoms and impact on growth and development of children. The general purpose of this research is to know a picture of the growth and development of children infected with HIV / Aids.Qualitative research methods with the case study method. Participants were 6 children with HIV-positive status in the age range 0-6 years were selected purposively carried out in the district of Kudus.The study found growth and development of children with HIV-positive status where CD4 still at a normal level, tends to normal. They seemed to move like other normal children. While children with low CD4 conditions will be susceptible to opportunistic infections and often sickly. Symptoms in the mouth such as mouth ulcers, oropharyngeal thrush and candida esophagitis can lead to decreased food intake. In addition gastrointestinal disorders and food intolerance can cause diarrhea is more common in children with HIV/ Aids. This will have an impact on growth is weight loss and nutritional status. Further nursing interventions necessary to minimize the appearance of opportunistic diseases and symptoms of early stimulation development of children with HIV /Aids.

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Manuhutu, Rendy, Dyah Umiyarni Purnamasari, and Endo Dardjito. "PENGARUH TINGKAT KONSUMSI ENERGI, PROTEIN, LEMAK, DAN STATUS KECACINGAN TERHADAP STATUS GIZI PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 01 LIMPAKUWUS." Kesmas Indonesia 9, no. 01 (January 30, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.ki.2017.9.01.227.

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School age is the important period of human life and the quality have to be prepared well. The school age children is susceptible to malnutrition. Malnutrition among school age children will implicatethe children’s development and further potential development in that age. Food consumption levels and worm infection status are the two most affected factors to nutritional status of children school. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of energy, protein, fat and worm inflectional status to the nutritional status of SDN 01 Limpakuwus’s student in Sumbang, Banyumas. This research was cross sectional study approach,used purposive sampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria in 44 respondents. Analysis conducted by univariate, bivariate (Spearman rank) and multivariate (multiple logistic regression).Multivariate analysis showed the variables that influenced nutritional status is the level of fat consumption (p=0.022), and the variable did not affect the nutritional status are the level of energy consumption (p=0.999), protein consumption level (p=0.580), and worm infection status (p = 0.661). The suggestion is to get more food that can fulfil the energy, protein, fat needs and make the canteen in the school becomes a healthy canteen that serves healthy and nutritious meal.

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Wolf, B. H. M., M. O. Ikeogu, and E. T. Vos. "Effect of nutritional and HIV status on bacteraemia in Zimbabwean children who died at home." European Journal of Pediatrics 154, no. 4 (March 1, 1995): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050293.

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Steenkamp, L., A. Dannhauser, D. Walsh, G. Joubert, Fj Veldman, E. Van der Walt, C. Cox, Mk Hendricks, and H. Dippenaar. "Nutritional, immune, micronutrient and health status of HIV-infected children in care centres in Mangaung." South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 22, no. 3 (January 2009): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2009.11734234.

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Hillesheim, Elaine, Luiz RA Lima, Rosane CR Silva, and Erasmo BSM Trindade. "Dietary intake and nutritional status of HIV-1-infected children and adolescents in Florianópolis, Brazil." International Journal of STD & AIDS 25, no. 6 (December 18, 2013): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462413512808.

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Wolf, B. H. M., M. O. Ikeogu, and E. T. Vos. "Effect of nutritional and HIV status on bacteraemia in Zimbabwean children who died at home." European Journal of Pediatrics 154, no. 4 (April 1995): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01957366.

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Jorga, Jagoda, Jelena Marinkovic, Milos Maksimovic, Brana Kentric, and Ivana Djordjevic. "Parent-child parallel nutritional status assessment using silhouette rating scales." Medical review 57, no. 5-6 (2004): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0406231j.

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Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the validity of silhouettes in assessing genetic factors of obesity in school children aged 12-14. Material and methods 290 primary school students aged 12-14 from Belgrade had undergone body height and weight measurements as well as answering questionnaires. Silhouette rating scales were used to assess the nutritional status of students (6-silhouette scale) and their parents (9-silhouette scale). Results Significant differences in body mass index (BMI) were found among children whose parents had been rated "normal" and those rated ?problematic?. BMI status and gender significantly affected assessment of the nutritional status. An interaction between factors was found (F (1.230) =7.017, p<0.01). The majority of children from the normal BMI category (64.5%) selected silhouettes 3 and 4 to describe their current appearance. On the other hand, 70% of children with problematic BMI selected silhouettes 5 and 6. Girls generally selected significantly smaller silhouettes than boys. Girls within the problematic BMI category selected significantly bigger silhouettes for their mother's than the other children. Boys within the normal BMI category, selected significantly bigger silhouettes representing their father?s body size. Discussion According to the results, silhouette rating scales appear to be reliable in parallel assessment of the nutritional status of children and their parents. This subject can be further developed by acquiring data on parents` height and body mass.

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Rahma, Amelinda Calida, and Siti Rahayu Nadhiroh. "PERBEDAAN SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN PENGETAHUAN GIZI IBU BALITA GIZI KURANG DAN GIZI NORMAL." Media Gizi Indonesia 11, no. 1 (May 15, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v11i1.55-60.

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There are many malnutrition problems in children under fi ve, especially in developing countries including Indonesia. One of factor affecting nutritional status is maternal nutrition knowledge that will imply in caring and feeding practice. Underweight is also affected by social economy factors such as family income, food expenditure, mother’s education and occupation. Therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze differences of social economy characteristic and maternal nutrition knowledge between under-fi ve children with underweight and normal nutritional status. Thisresearch was analytical-observational study with cross sectional design. Sample of this research was children aged 24–60 months that living in the working area of Sidotopo Public Health Centre. The number of sample was 19 children in each sub-population based on nutritional status. Data was collected through primary data collecting with direct interview and questionnaire. The result showed signifi cant difference of maternal nutrition knowledge between children with underweight and normal nutritional status (p = 0.004). There is no difference in social economy characteristic such as mother’s education (p = 0.189), mother’s occupation (p = 0.387), and family income (p = 0.189), and food expenditure (p = 0.515). Therefore, improving maternal nutrition knowledge and skills in local community or public health centre is necessary.Keywords: under-fi ve children, nutrition knowledge, nutritional status

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Wei, Wei, Xiaoming Li, Sayward Harrison, Junfeng Zhao, and Guoxiang Zhao. "The relationships between HIV stigma, emotional status, and emotional regulation among HIV-affected children in rural China." AIDS Care 28, sup2 (May 26, 2016): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2016.1178974.

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Iqbal, Mohd Shamim, Amanda C. Palmer, Jillian Waid, S. M. Mustafizur Rahman, Md M. Islam Bulbul, and Tahmeed Ahmed. "Nutritional Status Among School-Age Children of Bangladeshi Tea Garden Workers." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 41, no. 4 (October 21, 2020): 424–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572120965299.

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Background: While considerable progress has been made in reducing undernutrition in Bangladesh, regional disparities are known to exist, and certain population subgroups may lag behind. Objective: To characterize nutritional status among school-age children in a historically marginalized population of Bangladesh. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional assessment of children attending 14 nongovernmental organization-operated schools serving the tea estate population in Kulaura Upazila, Sylhet Division. We randomly selected 168 children from a population of 418 whose parents attended school-organized Parent–Teacher Association meetings. Parents provided consent and data on household food consumption in the past week, foods consumed by children in the past 24 hours, and household food insecurity. We drew venous blood from assenting children for the analysis of hemoglobin and plasma retinol, C-reactive protein, and α1-acid glycoprotein. Children were classified as stunted, underweight, or thin based on comparisons with the World Health Organization standards for height-for-age, weight-for-age, or body mass index-for-age, respectively. Results: Food insecurity was highly prevalent, with ∼85% of households affected. Roughly half of children had low dietary diversity. Prevalence estimates for stunting, underweight, and thinness were 32%, 50%, and 49%, respectively. Approximately 60% of children had a hemoglobin concentration <11 g/dL. The mean (±SD) plasma retinol concentration was 0.79 μmol/L (±0.23 μmol/L), with 34% deficient using a 0.70 μmol/L cutoff. Conclusions: A heightened focus on tracking progress in underserved populations and appropriately targeted programming will be critical as Bangladesh seeks to accelerate progress toward global development goals for nutrition.

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Journal articles on the topic 'HIV affected children – Nutritional status'

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