Dissertations / Theses: 'HIV/AIDS counselling Botswana'

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Komanyane, Lorato. "Factors influencing the utilization of voluntary counselling and testing services amongst employees of the Lobatse Town Council in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/535.

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In this study both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to find out to what extent the Lobatse Town Council employees used Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) HIV and AIDS services, the reasons for using or not using the services, the preferred service providers reasons for choosing a service provider. Lastly recommendations were made on how the uptake HIV and AIDS VCT services could increased amongst the employees. A sample of 200 respondents was selected from the employees of the Lobatse Town Council, and it was established that 65.5 percent of the respondents had used VCT. Females had a higher testing participation rates than males, white collar respondents had a higher testing participation than the blue collar respondents. There was a higher rate amongst the married than the single respondents and the older ages of 30 and above than the young ages of 29 years and under. In the study it was also established that the majority of the respondents considered voluntary counselling and testing for HIV and AIDS as being important. However there were some groups that were more positive than others regarding the importance of testing. More females than males were positive regarding the importance of testing, and also amongst the employment categories the white collar respondents were more positive than the blue collar respondents regarding the importance of HIV and AIDS testing. Furthermore it was established that the most important reason for testing amongst the employees that did test for HIV and AIDS was that they felt that they needed to undergo testing before they tested. The respondents that did not test for HIV and AIDS indicated that the most important reason for not testing was that they were scared the results could not be kept confidential. The research also showed that the most preferred service provider was Tebelopele. Tebelopele was the most used and preferred service provider amongst both gender and age groups, all marital groups and the blue collar group in the employment categories. However, for the white collar group the most preferred service provider was the private practitioners. The most common reason for choosing a service provider was confidentiality and privacy. Lastly, the research makes recommendations on what needs to be done to increase the uptake of VCT HIV and AIDS testing amongst the Lobatse Town Council employees. One of the recommendations is that there was a need to educate the employees of the Lobatse Town Council and that the education should be specific for each group. For example from the group discussion the participants felt that the reason to why males did not want to utilise HIV and AIDS VCT was because they lacked knowledge on the importance of testing. Also the respondents indicated that there was a need to remove stigma and discrimination through removing confidentiality attached to HIV and AIDS. It was also, recommended that the Lobatse Town Council formulate and implements a workplace policy on HIV and AIDS

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Mapekula, Luyanda Rita. "Psychological explanations in HIV/AIDS counselling." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13486.

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Bibliography: leaves 75-77. This research investigated the extent to which explanations of the aetiology, course, treatment, and prognosis of Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are shared or differ between African health workers (counsellors) and their African clients who are affected. Medical anthropology and constructionist theory provided theoretical frameworks to explore the significance and meaning of explanations as well as implications for counselling objectives. A qualitative methodology, drawn from theoretical models which emphasize the cultural construction of explanations of disease, was used. Findings suggest that counsellors' explanations are medical and objective with passive notions of bodily processes, while clients' explanations reflect subjective, personal experiences with the condition attributed to active human agency, supernatural and natural powers. Both counsellors and clients use personal characteristics, social stereotypes and people's actions as determinants for infection. The findings suggest that clients use these to empower themselves in order to cope with the disease, while counsellors use them to assert their power both over clients and in the health care systems; and thus contribute to obstacles in counselling. Suggestions for addressing issues in HIV/AIDS counselling and recommendations for future research in this area are included.

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Kesamang, Lefhoko. "Social workers' experiences of HIV and AIDS intervention in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/532.

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This study endeavoured to explore and describe the experiences of social workers in their intervention with HIV and AIDS clients within the Department of Clinical Services of the Ministry of Health in Botswana. The researcher undertook a qualitative research study, using an exploratory, descriptive and contextual design to explore these experiences as perceived by the social workers. The method of data collection included semi-structured face-to-face interviews, as this was deemed most appropriate to the nature of the study. Data analysis was undertaken according to the outline of Tesch (1990), as stated in Creswell (1994:155). The findings were reported as themes, sub-themes and categories emanating from the data-analysis process. In ensuring the trustworthiness of the findings, the researcher adhered to Guba’s (1981) model (in Krefting, 1991:251). The research findings were subjected to a literature control, and culminated in the compiling of the research report. The research findings centred around the following five themes: · experiences of intervention with HIV and AIDS clients; · challenges in HIV and AIDS intervention; · measures to alleviate challenges of HIV and AIDS intervention; · intervention strategies utilised by social workers; and · suggestions and advice to new social workers. The recommendations resulting from this research project proposed inter alia that social workers need to be trained in specific and specialised areas related to HIV and AIDS intervention in the health setting, and that the support structures and a holistic multidisciplinary service delivery approach need to be put in place to assist social workers to be able to meet the needs of the clients as well as their own needs. Key Words: participants, clients/patient, qualitative, HIV and AIDS, experiences, intervention, strategies.

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Kotze, Sophia Catharina. "Rethinking HIV/AIDS pre-test counselling in South Africa." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01302006-154411.

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Nkhoeli, Zengiwe Maria Dilahloane. "Atteridgeville prisoners' experiences of HIV/AIDS pre- and posttest counselling." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12082005-144431.

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Sandenbergh, Rob. "AIDS/representation and psychological practice : (inter)subjectivity in HIV counselling." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13501.

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Bibliography: leaves 52-63. This study undertakes a discourse analysis of a counselling session with an HIV positive man. Literature, informed by post-structuralism, on the representations and practices that surround the HIV/AIDS epidemic is examined as a background to the study. Self psychological theory concerning mourning, the psychodynamic consequences of having AIDS and selfobject phantasies is examined. This theory is criticised for ignoring the content of phantasies as well as the imbrication of the subject within the social. In an attempt to address these gaps theorisation of stigma and gendered development is introduced, as well as Hollway's (1984) broadly Foucauldian notions of investment in subject positionings. A multiple theoretical position conceptualising counselling as (inter)subjective process re-producing particular subject positionings is developed. The relations between various subject positions are described, drawing on self psychological theory to consider the investments the participants in the session may have had in each position. The analytic reading suggests that in the elaboration of particular selfobject phantasies the HIV positive client is able to cohese his sense of self and to disavow a knowing of himself as a stigmatised person with AIDS. The counsellor, through subject positionings which are in conjuncture with those of the client, disavows a knowing of the client as a person with AIDS. Through these positionings a necessary allusion of attunement is produced, allowing the counsellor to mirror the client. From this analysis various implications for consultation, supervision and training are drawn. The study .suggests that multiple ways in which HIV I AIDS is represented requires psychologists to explore their own positionings with regards to salient HIV/AIDS related issues, as these positionings have effects in work in this field.

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More, Pontsho Elizabeth. "The importance of voluntary counselling and confidential testing for HIV in the workplace /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/746.

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Wilainuch, Pairote. "Communication between nurses and patients in HIV/AIDS counselling, in Thailand." Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10985/.

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Maja, Lusanda Nobom. "Experiences and feelings of counsellors involved in HIV and AIDS voluntary counselling and testing." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11262008-142405.

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Tau, Nontobeko Sylvia. "An analysis of TalkBack, an interactive HIV and AIDS education programme on Botswana Television." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5043.

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The Republic of Botswana (2011a) recognises behaviour change as the only long term solution to the HIV and AIDS epidemic that has become a leading health and development challenge for the country. The study aimed to examine how Talk Back, an interactive HIV and AIDS educational programme on Botswana television, capacitates the school community to deal with challenges brought about by the HIV and AIDS epidemic. The study was based on recordings of 2014 Term One theme— ‘Paediatric care and support: challenges and implications in the teaching and learning environment. The study conducted a content analysis of Talk Back to determine behaviour change communication categories employed in producing the programme. All aspects of the Talk Back programme were also analysed to establish communication strategies employed in the presentation of content. Talk Back employed communication approaches such as panel discussions of matters related to HIV and AIDS by various specialists, video clips to present content, and viewers phoning in to interact with the panellists. A number of the callers identified challenges; the most common identified challenge was that parents tended not to disclose their children’s HIV status to the children due to the negative social stigma attached to HIV and AIDS. Although Talk Back provides a forum for interactive behaviour change communication, some listeners questioned the use of technical language.

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Mokalake, Ellen N. "Determinants of HIV voluntary counselling and testing among the youth: The case of Botswana." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9403.

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Includes bibliographical references. This study was conducted in Gaborone city, Botswana. Botswana is a small country in south central part of Africa with a population of 1.7 million (Botswana population census, 2001) The overall aim of the study was to examine barriers and facilitating factors influencing the readiness for and acceptability of voluntary HIV testing among the youth aged 18-24 years in Gaborone, Botswana. A quantitative methodology was used in this study. A multistage sampling strategy was also used to recruit one hundred and forty four (144) participants. Information on socio-demographic characteristic, knowledge and utilization of VCT sexual behaviour and perception of risk was gathered by use of a self administered structured questionnaire. STATA version 8 was used to analyse the results of this study. Summary statistics, chi-square test and logistic regression were employed in the analysis. Participants comprised of students from senior secondary schools and tertiary education institutions from the sampled schools of Gaborone. The modal level of education was secondary and the more than half of participants (56%) were females. Their age ranged from 18-24 years. The majority of participants (75%) were sexually active and just over a third 36% of all participants considered themselves not at risk of HIV. VCT knowledge was reported by a significant proportion (59%) who also reported knowledge of VCT sites. HIV testing was reported by a minority of participants 42% and the most commonly reported reason for testing was media campaigns encouraging HIV testing whilst the most commonly reported reason for not testing was never been sexually active. Findings from this study revealed that, HIV test acceptance among the youth is still an area that needs greater attention. The facilitation of HIV testing amongst the young people and removal of barriers to testing can be achieved through a focus on use of strategies that seem vii to work such as the media. Also, there is need to ensure utilization of VCT services by youth through making them understand of the role that VCT plays in preventing HIV and AIDS.

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Kambole, Mercy Mulenga. "The attitudes of physiotherapists in Gaborone and Ramotswa, Botswana, towards treating people living with HIV/AIDS." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7700_1256285107.

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Physiotherapists are increasingly treating peole living with HIV/AIDS. However, there is little information which has been reported on their attitudes in providing treatment to people with HIV/AIDS or what facilitates positive attitudes. The aim of this study was to determine attitudes of physiotherapists towards treating people living with HIV/AIDS in Botswana.

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Molefe, Tshireletso. "Experiences of Botswana women diagnosed with both HIV/AIDS and cervical cancer." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2959.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-89). The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of Botswsana women who are diagnosed with both HIV/AIDS and cervival cancer. A phenomenological descriptive qualitative research design was therefore appropriate to answer the research question.

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Casey, Kathleen Barbara. "HIV counselling, mental health and psychosocial care in Thailand." School of Psychology - Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, 2007. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/73.

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Rationale: International research has demonstrated that in order to retain a skilled and healthy cadre of willing health-workers there is a need to monitor and develop strategies to mitigate adverse impact of this work and improve the quality and effectiveness of client and patient mental health care. Aims: (i) Monitor and evaluate Thailand’s national HIV mental health and psychosocial care program. (ii) Measure the impact of HIV mental and psychological care on health care providers. (iii) Examine the relationship between occupation-related psychological morbidity and the recruitment, training, clinical supervision and work-practices of HIV mental health service providers. (iv) Develop, implement and evaluate a training curriculum that addresses the demands of the HIV client population in Thailand. Method: In Study 1, 826 government hospitals, 1000 government health centres, and 1135 non-government organisations and private providers participated in: semi-structured, key informant interviews; focussed group discussions; and criterion-referenced appraisals of health policy and service delivery. Study 2, a small exploratory, qualitative study, utilised a schema of five key stressors commonly associated with HIV care to analyse responses gained from HIV counsellors and employed semi-structured interviews and focussed discussion groups. Study 3, a cross-sectional study, explored the relationship between training, work practices, Locus of Control of Behaviour and the self-reporting of signs and symptoms of psychological distress. 803 HIV counsellors completed a series of questionnaires including the Thai version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), the Locus of Control of Behaviour Questionnaire and the Thai HIV Counsellors Survey (THCS). Study 4 involved the development, delivery and evaluation of a series of short courses designed to train 79 health workers to provide HIV counselling. The training was evaluated by pre and post knowledge examinations and anonymous evaluations. Results: Study 1 found that policy and legislation failed to adequately guide the practitioner in a number of key areas including: testing and counselling of minors; testing without informed consent; confidentiality of medical records and disclosure of HIV status; and “duty of care” in terms of threatened suicide or harm to others. Furthermore, it was found that epidemiological data had not been adequately considered in terms of providing specific psychological support services, and developing counselling curriculum, and that the conduct of Thai based psychological and operations research had been limited. Whilst there was good national coverage of HIV testing counselling services, psychological services to address HIV issues across the disease continuum were limited and frequently provided by individuals without adequate training. There does not appear to be any systematic mechanism for monitoring and evaluating HIV mental health and psychosocial care. This study also revealed that Thailand is limited in its ability to provide adequate HIV field-experienced, trained mental health care personnel who can teach in the necessary languages that would enable sharing of the Thai health sector experience within the region. Study 2: The respondents identified a number of workplace stressors including: fear of contagion; client-professional boundary issues; difficulties with being identified as working in the sphere of a highly stigmatised disease; the experience of multiple losses, in a context of perceived inadequate training; role expansion; and perceived lack of recognition and reward. Participants also identified a number of work and socio-cultural influences which were perceived to mitigate the impact of the work. Study 3: Failure to take up counselling duties after training was primarily associated with counsellors having too many competing non-counselling duties (31.2%; n=108), and being deployed to other workplaces in a non-counselling capacity (22.8%,n=79). Over 81% (n=441) of respondents who indicated that they were continuing to work as counsellors reported signs and symptoms of psychological disturbance on the GHQ-28 screening at a level that warranted further mental health assessment. There was a significant positive correlation between GHQ-28 “caseness” and Locus of Control of Behaviour scores (r =.118; p<.001). Decisions to leave counselling were positively associated with self reported psychological disturbance (r =.324; p<.001) and the perception that their work was not helpful to clients (r =.108; p<.001). Study 4: The results clearly showed that the curriculum, and method of training resulted in both perceived and measured change in knowledge and skills and were reported to have resulted in improvements in the trainees’ perceived self confidence to meet the demands of their clients. Conclusion: The studies identified the many challenges inherent in providing effective HIV counselling, mental health and psychosocial services in Thailand. This research suggests that delivering HIV psychosocial care services in Thailand has potentially an adverse impact on: the health and well being of care providers; the quality of care received by clients and patients; and ultimately on the ability of the health system to retain its skilled personnel.

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Geiselhart, Klaus. "The geography of stigma and discrimination HIV and AIDS related identities in Botswana." Saarbrücken Verl. für Entwicklungspolitik, 2008. http://d-nb.info/996642706/04.

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Gwillim, Tyler F. "The economic impact of HIV/AIDS in Africa : with special emphasis on Botswana." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2342.

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Frans, Nocawe R. "ART : the views of counsellors about skills needed in counselling HIV/AIDS patients." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://etd.sun.ac.za/jspui/handle/10019/1471.

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Mabota, Princess Martinah. "Psychological well-being of volunteer counselling and testing counsellors." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/33375.

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In the South African public health care system, HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT) has become a function that is routinely entrusted to lay counsellors. These counsellors are expected to educate clients about HIV and AIDS, encourage them to be tested and convince them to change risky behavioural practices. They have to convey the clients’ test results and assist those who test HIV-positive and their families to cope with the psychological challenges associated with the diagnosis. The counsellors occupy the front line of HIV and AIDS service delivery, even though they are not formally employed in the health care system. They only have basic training and are not adequately remunerated. The counsellors are confronted with psychological and structural stressors in their work. Psychological stressors include the impact of emotionally challenging work, the lack of appropriate training, debriefing and supervision. Because they are not formally employed in the health care system, there is a lack of formal supervision or channels to discuss their frustrations. This research focuses on the stressors which HIV counsellors experience, how they cope, and the impact it has on their psychological well-being. As part of the mixed methods approach 50 HCT counsellors working at the City of Tshwane clinics completed the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory, the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Human Services Survey (MBI- HSS), the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D), and the Brief COPE scale to assess their psychological well-being. In addition, they participated in focus group discussions. EQ-i scores indicated that counsellors reported below average emotional skills, with the overall group score of (88.76). Scores that indicated average emotional skills were Self-Regard (101), Interpersonal Relationships (100.12), and Impulse Control (102.66). Scores that indicated low emotional skills were Independence (86.66), Self-Actualization (88.28), and Reality Testing (83.94). Although they reported high levels of Emotional Exhaustion (27.66), they also have a sense of high Personal Accomplishment (38.64) (MBI-HSS). Counsellors reported an overall CES-D score which was indicative of mild depression (26.08). Counsellors used mostly positive coping skills that included religion, planning, and direct action in coping with stressors in their lives. In a regression analysis with depression as the dependent variable, there was a positive relationship between depression and depersonalization and a negative relationship with positive or active coping and assertiveness. It was concluded that counsellors experienced some depression, emotional exhaustion, and lower than average levels of emotional well-being. Despite that, they reported positive ways of coping and high levels of personal accomplishment. Counsellors were motivated by their sense of altruism, compassion towards their clients, the positive changes they see in client’s lives as well as the reciprocal relationships they have formed with their clients. Counsellors thus have strengths to cope with the high level of stressors and challenges related to their work. It can be concluded that their state of mental health is in line with Keyes’ proposal that mental health forms a continuum. They fluctuate between mental well-being and mental ill-being. However, it is necessary to assist HCT counsellors to develop their emotional capacities to enable them to enhance their ability to counsel their clients effectively. Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. gm2014 Psychology unrestricted

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Raphela, Ramadimetja Elsie. "Training of health care workers in adherence counselling for comprehensive care, management and treatment clinics." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6858.

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Thesis (MPhil (Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: “Treatment failure, defaulter rate, patients lost to follow up”. These are the words usually spoken by health care workers at the CCMT clinics in the country. These are words that they try at all times to come with solutions to, without much success. Much as both the health care workers and patients know the importance of taking medication, often medication is not taken as required. Adherence is defined as the degree to which a patient follows a treatment regimen which has been designed in the context of a consultative partnership between the client and the health care worker. This obligation is comprehensive as it tends to examine all factors that can affect adherence. It includes characteristics such as the treatment regimen, the provider behaviour, social and environmental factors that may hinder adherence on the patient. There are several factors that lead to non-adherence to treatment. The factors may be classified as Biomedical, Psychological and Social factors. The major tool that can be used to address such issues is adequate training of all staff members working at the CCMT clinics. The researcher explored training needs and gaps at a CCMT site that will assist to combat problems of non-adherence to treatment. Health care works at an identified site where questioned on the level of training they have received and on what they need to improve their management of patients and adherence. It was realised that some categories of staff at the clinic do not receive training as expected and that others do not receive adequate training that will assist them in adherence counselling. Recommendations made by staff members were that training should be readily available to all staff members and that it should also be rolled out to other departments and sections within the hospital so there is continuum of care of HIV positive patients. Non adherence to antiretroviral treatment is a challenge faced by health care providers as well as patients themselves. It results in treatment failure, a decrease in the quality of life of the patient and an increase in morbidity and mobility. Non-adherence means any reason where the patient is not taking recommended doses, not sticking to the recommended time or not taking it in the recommended way. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Navolging word gedefinieer as die mate waarop die pasiënt die behandeling wat voorgeskryf is in samewerking tussen die pasiënt en die gesondheidsorgwerker, nakom. Hierdie vepligting is omvattend omdat dit geneig is om alle faktore wat die nakoming kan beinvloed, ondersoek. Dit sluit eienskappe in soos die behandeling regimen, die verskaffersgedrag, sosiale en omgewingsfaktore wat ‘n struikelblok kan wees vir die nakoming van die pasiënt. Daar is verskeie faktore wat kan lei tot nie-nakoming van behandeling. Die faktore kan geklassifiseer word as bio-mediese, sielkundige en sosiale faktore. Die belangrike instrument wat gebruik word om sulke sake aan te spreek, is voldoende opleiding van alle personeellede wat by CCMT klinieke werk. Die navorser ondersoek opvoedkundige behoeftes en leemtes by ‘n CCMT perseel, wat sal help om probleme van nie-nakoming van behandeling sal bestry. Gesondheidsorgwerkers by ‘n geïdentifiseerde perseel, was ondervra oor die vlak van opleiding wat hulle ontvang het en wat hulle nodig het vir beter bestuur van pasiënte en nakoming van behandeling deur pasiënte. Daar is gevind dat sommige kategorieë van personeel by die klinkiek nie die opleiding ontvang het wat nodig is nie en dat ander personeellede nie voldoende opleiding ontvang het wat hulle sal help met nakoming van berading nie. Personeellede het aanbeveel dat opleiding geredelik beskikbaar gemaak moet word aan alle personneel en dat dit na ander departemente en afdelings binne die hospitaal uitgebrei moet word om die voortsetting van sorg vir MIV/VIGS-positiewe pasiënte te verseker. Nie-nakoming van antiretrovirale behandeling is ‘n uitdaging vir beide gesondheidsorgwerkers en pasiënte. Dit lei tot die mislukking van behandeling, ‘n afname in die kwaliteit van die pasiënt se lewe en ‘n verhoging in morbiditeit en mobiliteit.

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Mothuba, Bamby G. Amara Soonthorndhada. "Relationship between partners age and HIV status of young women in Botswana /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd404/4938530.pdf.

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Maama, Lineo Bernadette. "Factors affecting AIDS orphans' from accessing voluntary counselling and testing (VCT)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1046.

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The study seeks to explore and identify factors that prevent AIDS orphans in presenting themselves for Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT). Socio-cultural factors, notably, stigma and the resultant discrimination by community members, have been presented by many researchers as the main aetiological factors that hinder the use of VCT by AIDS orphans. It is on the basis of this that this study was conducted to identify factors that hinder AIDS orphans from accessing VCT. The study used a qualitative approach following an explorative and descriptive, contextual research design and was conducted at Ubuntu Education Fund, Port Elizabeth. Purposive sampling was used to determine a sample of AIDS orphans. Participants of the study had to be orphaned as a result of AIDS, isiXhosa-speaking, between 12-17 years, living in the care of a primary care-giver and had not presented themselves for VCT. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews. Semi-structured interviews are suitable in cases where the researcher is interested in an issue that is complex or personal (De Vos, Strydom, Fouche and Deloport, 2005). Data was analyzed according to the framework provided by Tesch (1990) as described in Creswell (2003). The major findings of this study were that people are locked in a ‘poverty-of-the mind cycle’, in respect of HIV and AIDS, and this is exacerbated by educational impoverishment and general poverty. The recommendations that emanated from this study are made from policy and service delivery perspectives. It is recommended that in order for AIDS orphans to access VCT they should be developed and empowered through sustainable programmes that enhance their capacities to the outmost realization of their potential. It is also recommended that health and other professionals should encourage AIDS orphans and community members to present themselves for VCT and thus curb the spread of HIV and AIDS.

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Mmatli, Esther Loratang. "The influence of antiretroviral medication on the lives of children in Botswana." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27276.

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This study sought to appreciate the influence of antiretroviral medications on the daily lives of children in Botswana. The aim of the study was to explore and gain in-depth understanding of the influence that antiretroviral medications have on the children’s lives. The study focused on children receiving services from the Bamalete Lutheran Hospital in Ramotswa, Botswana. It is important to give children an opportunity to have their voices heard as not doing so might present missed opportunities for the various care and support services providers. The study was qualitative as it sought to come closer to the individual children and get their own personal perspective of the influence of medication on their lives. The phenomenological strategy was applied to derive the description from each participant. Although the study was mainly applied as hoping to add a dimension of the meaning of antiretroviral medication from the children’s perspective which would facilitate improvements on service delivery; it can also be seen to contribute toward the body of knowledge as there are limited literature resources in this area. The sampling method used in this study was purposive in order to ensure a variety of responses and an enriched understanding of how the participants perceived the influence of these medications. A few broad areas of discussion were developed to facilitate the one-to-one unstructured interview. The conclusion from this study is that children do have stories to share in terms of how they perceive the influence of antiretroviral medications in their lives. These stories need to be explored and understood to facilitate better targeted care and support services for them. The stories from the sixteen children interviewed in this study are herein reported as well as the conclusions and recommendations that followed them. The general theme from listening to the stories of the children is that children understand that they have to take the medications and that it helps to improve their health. Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2010. Social Work and Criminology unrestricted

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Motshome, Paul Oteng. "Disclosure of HIV infection by caregivers to children with HIV/AIDS in Thamaga Primary Hospital - Botswana : Reasons and experiences." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/879.

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Thesis (MPH) -- University of Limpopo, 2011. Introduction With the increased availability of the life-saving ARVs in most Sub-Saharan Africa more HIV -infected children are surviving into their adolescent years and beyond hence giving rise to the question of whether the caregiver should disclose or not disclose the child's HIV diagnosis to child. Little is known of the reasons and experiences that motive or hinder caregivers from disclosing the HIV diagnosis to the child. Study Aim and objectives This was aimed at identifying caregivers' reasons for HIV diagnosis disclosure and non-disclosure to HIV-infected children under their care. The study also explores their experience with process of HIV diagnosis disclosure and non-disclosure to the child. Study methodology Using qualitative descriptive research approach, twenty (20) caregivers of HIV¬infected children aged between 6 - 16 years receiving ART at Thamaga Primary Hospital IDee with unknown HIV diagnosis disclo~ure status were ~.ubjected to audio-taped in-depth interviews for data capturing. Thematic content analysis was used for data analysis using, Nvivo8 software and 16 themes with their sub categories were identified. Findings Both caregivers of disclosed and non-disclosed HIV-infected children perceived disclosure as a good thing to do with majority of the caregivers (60%) having disclosed. Reasons for telling the children their HIV diagnosis were that the child had the right to know his/her status; caregiver tired of keeping child HIV diagnosis a secret; the caregiver's believe that disclosure will improve the child's ART adherence and finally some caregivers felt the child had reached the right age or maturity for disclosure. Non-disclosing caregivers felt that health care workers should assist them in doing disclosure and identified the reasons for non-disclosure as the child being too young and not asking questions about their illness; fear that disclosure might hurt the child psychologically; fear that the child might not keep their HIV diagnosis a secret leading to discrimination in the community while some caregivers lack of knowledge on how to disclose. Non-disclosing caregivers managed disclosure by not telling the child the truth about their diagnosis and using threats to coerce them to take their ARV drugs. Conclusions and recommendations The decision to disclosure or not to disclose the HIV diagnosis to a child by a caregiver is influenced by a number of reasons and their experiences. Caregivers of HIV-infected children need to be assisted by a health care provider when disclosing to the child and further assessment should be made in making disclosure part of the holistic management of an HIV -infected child. v

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Lin, Catherine Hui-Wen. "Counsellors' perceptions of their role in working with people who are HIV positive or have AIDS." Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4404/.

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A critical review of the literature shows little evidence of the benefits of counselling for people infected with the HTV virus and rigorous follow-up studies are generally lacking. Authors reviewed in the literature urge the need for training in counselling. However, whether counseling training is a necessity in the context of HFV/AIDS is debatable as no evidence has yet suggested that trained counsellors are more effective than untrained ones. Therefore, it is necessary to know-how counsellors perceive their role in relation to people with HTV/AIDS. It is also essential to know what skills and training they regard as necessary for working with this group of clients. This thesis reports the results of two separate studies. Twelve questionnaires were returned and 3 interviews were conducted in the preliminary study among a small sample of people responsible for counselling women with HTV/AIDS. The results demonstrated that most counselling for this group of clients was not carried out by trained counsellors. It was concluded that counselling was not a central response to those clients. Acknowledgement of the limitations of this preliminary’ study led to the main study which was conducted among experienced and student counsellors on the perceptions of their role in working with people with HTV/AIDS.A number of significant differences were found between the perceptions of 30 experienced counsellors and 46 students in the questionnaire survey of the main study. However, experienced counsellors did not appear to feel better prepared than students in working with people with HIV/AIDS. Inconsistent results were found which suggested no agreement about whether counselling for people with HIV/AIDS required different skills and training to counselling other groups of clients. Furthermore, inconsistency between responses to different questions suggested that although respondents acknowledged a role in reducing the spread of HIV infection, they had not adequately thought through the implications of this for their counselling practice. The implications for counsellor training and supervision were discussed.

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Tabane, Elizabeth Mamatle. "The influence of cultural practices of Batswana people in relation to the transmission of HIV/AIDS in Botswana." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09282004-103250.

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Reece, Koreen May. "An ordinary crisis? : kinship in Botswana's time of AIDS." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21083.

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This thesis demonstrates that all of the practices which define and produce the Tswana family involve dimensions of risk, conflict, and crisis – glossed as dikgang (sing. kgang) – that also threaten to undo it. Dikgang need constantly to be addressed in the right ways by the right people, in a continuously adaptive process of negotiation. Efforts to negotiate dikgang are also fraught, and often produce further problems in turn. I show that Tswana kinship is experienced, generated, and sustained in a continuous cycle of risk, conflict, and irresolution; and that it creates and thrives on crisis. In a kinship system renowned for its structural fluidity, I demonstrate that these processes chart the limits of family, and define relationships within it. I further suggest that understanding kinship in these terms provides unique insight into the effects of public health and social welfare crises – like the AIDS epidemic – which may work to strengthen Tswana families, rather than simply destroying them. However, governmental and non-governmental interventions responding to such crises operate according to different assumptions about the stability and fragility of the family, and its incapacity to cope with crisis. The thesis argues that the frustrations such interventions typically face may be traced back to divergent understandings about what constitutes and sustains family, and the role of conflict and crisis in that process. The effects of such interventions are linked to the ways in which they enable, invert, disrupt, or bypass everyday practices of kinship among the Tswana, and instantiate practices and ideals of kinship from elsewhere. I argue that holding these intervening agencies and families in the same frame illustrates suggestive links between the spheres of kinship and politics on both national and transnational levels.

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Ali, Ali Salim. "Male circumcision managers' attitudes toward safe male circumcision program implementation and scale up in Botswana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79949.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Safe Male circumcision (SMC) divides people for or against it, depending upon their attitudes. The Ministry of health (MOH) has built capacity in the country for rapid scale up of the program since 2009. However, despite the efforts, the number of men circumcised is lagging behind set targets. We do not know to what extent attitudes of the managers at national and district levels do influence this underperformance? The effectiveness of the managers at workplace at large will depend on their attitudes towards SMC. Managers with positive attitudes bring at workplace energy, creativity and momentum to fulfill the work objectives and goals. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to; 1) establish the current situation of SMC implementation in Botswana, 2) establish the required attitudes for managers towards SMC program, 3) establish the attitudes of SMC managers at all levels toward SMC program, 4) determine the gap between the required attitudes and SMC managers’ current attitudes toward SMC, and 5) Provide recommendation for reinforcing positive attitudes toward SMC program. Methods: The study used an explorative qualitative design. It was carried out at the Ministry of health headquarters and in ten districts in Botswana. A total of 26 SMC program managers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Results: The study found that the managers were confirming to positive attitudes toward the program as prescribed by the MOH’s standards. Data revealed a positive trend in scaling up of the program albeit lagging behind set targets. Conclusion: This study looked at the desired attitudes of SMC managers should posses and the level of attitudes currently have towards the program. It was not easy to link attitude and performance of individuals. High turnover rate of SMC officers was a worrisome finding that calls for further study. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Na gelang van hul houdings, is die meeste mense hetsy sterk ten gunste van of heftig gekant teen veilige manlike besnydenis (VMB). Die Ministerie van Gesondheid is reeds sedert 2009 besig met vermoëbou-inisiatie we om die VMB-program vinnig uit te brei. Ondanks hierdie pogings, is die aantal mans wat ingevolge dié program besny word egter veel minder as die vasgestelde teikens. Dit is nie bekend in watter mate die houdings van VMB-programbestuurders op nasionale en distriksvlak hierdie onderprestasie beïnvloed nie. Die algehele doeltreffendheid waarmee dié bestuurders die program in werking stel, sal immers grootliks afhang van hul houdings jeens VMB. Bestuurders met ’n positiewe houding sal energie, kreatiwiteit en stukrag aan die werkplek verleen ten einde die programoogmerke en -doelwitte te verwesenlik. Oogmerke: Die oogmerke van die studie was: 1) om die huidige stand van VMB-inwerkingstelling in Botswana te bepaal; 2) om te bepaal watter houdings bestuurders behóórt te hê jeens die VMB-program; 3) om te bepaal watter houdings bestuurders op alle vlakke wél het jeens die VMB-program; 4) om vas te stel in watter mate bestuurders se vereiste houdings en huidige houdings jeens VMB verskil; en 5) om aanbevelings te doen vir die versterking van positiewe houdings jeens die VMB-program. Metode: Die studie het van ’n verkennende kwalitatiewe ontwerp gebruik gemaak. Dit is by die hoofkantoor van die Ministerie van Gesondheid sowel as in tien gesondheidsdistrikte in Botswana onderneem. Onderhoude aan die hand van ’n semigestruktureerde onderhoudsgids is met altesaam 26 VMB-programbestuurders gevoer. Resultate: Die studie bevind dat die bestuurders wél positiewe houdings jeens die program toon soos wat die standaarde van die Ministerie van Gesondheid vereis. Data dui op ’n positiewe tendens in die uitbreiding van die program, al word die vasgestelde teikens nie bereik nie.

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Campbell, Tomas. "Reasons for HIV testing in a heterosexual sample : the role played by affective factors and constructs from the health belief model." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/618/.

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Sekgoka, Blantiha Maite. "The effects of HIV and AIDS on the socio-economic status of HIV and AIDS infected people in the Capricorn District of the Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1055.

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Thesis (M.Cur.) --University of Limpopo, 2013 Previous research about people living with HIV and AIDS has highlighted social support as an important determinant of health outcomes; i.e. perceived support to be associated with adjustment and coping in relation to HIV diagnosis, as well as its potentially chronic and disability course . The purpose of the study is to determine the effects of HIV and AIDS on the socio-economic status of people infected with HIV and AIDS at the village of Ga-Mathabatha in the Capricorn District of the Limpopo Province, South Africa. In this study, a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory and contextual design is used. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to carefully select the sample based on the knowledge that the participants had about the phenomena studied. Semi-structured, one-on-one, in-depth interview with a schedule guide were conducted until saturation of data was reached. To initiate each interview, a central question was was asked: “Describe the effects that HIV and AIDS have on your socio-economic status”. Participants were given an opportunity to describe their experiences with regard to the effects of HIV and AIDS on their socio-economic status. Field notes of semi-structured, one-to-one, in-depth interview session were recorded. A voice recorder was used to capture all the semi-structured, one-to-one, in-depth interviews. The recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim, using Tesch’s qualitative data analysis method. Trustworthiness was ensured by using Guba’s model criteria; i.e. credibility, transferability, confirmability, and dependability. The results indicate that HIV and AIDS have an effect on the socio-economic status of HIV-positive people. Ethical standards for nurse researchers were adhered to, namely permission to conduct the study was obtained from the Medunsa Research and Ethics Committee. Permission to conduct the research project was granted by the Limpopo Turfloop Campus, Limpopo Provincial Department of Health and Social Development, and the ART clinic management at the Ga-mathabatha Relebogile Wellness and ART Clinic. To ensure confidentiality and anonymity, written informed consent was obtained from each participant before he/she could participate in the study. The quality of the research was also insured. Five themes and their sub-themes, and the literature control are presented in the discussion of the research findings. The findings of this study have a central story line which reveals that participants are sharing similar experiences in terms of socio-economic factors after they have tested HIV-positive which are related to several factors; including the involvement of family and friends in their care, changes encountered which affect their social life, household income, and their living conditions. The following five themes and their sub-themes have emerged during data analysis: Theme 1: Different sources of income of HIV-positive people; Theme 2: Living conditions of HIV-positive people; Theme 3: Consequences related to HIV and AIDS disease progression; Theme 4: Support and care to HIV-positive people; and Theme 5: Disclosure versus non-disclosure of HIV-positive status. The results of this study are limited to the Relebogile Wellness and ART Clinic in the Ga-Mathabatha area of the Capricorn District in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study findings cannot be generalised to all clinics that are issuing ARVs in the Capricorn District. Study conclusions emphasise the fact that there is a need for HIV and AIDS positive patients to receive continuous support from family, friends, and the community with the purpose of enabling them to cope emotionally, socially, and economically. It also reveals the importance of participants to take their treatment as prescribed with the aim of improving their immune systems. The recommendations emphasise the fact that there is a need for HIV and AIDS patients to receive continuous support from family, friends, and the community with the purpose of enabling them to cope emotionally, socially, and economically. TERMINOLOGY Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) HIV is a virus which has a known and distinct capacity to cause Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome once it has entered the body. It attacks a person’s immune system (Kaushik, Pandey & Pande, 2006:43) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) It is the fourth stage of HIV infection and it is usually characterised by a CD4 count of less than 200. It is not a specific illness but rather a collection of illnesses that affect the body to such an extent that the weakened immune system struggles to respond effectively (Kaushik et al., 2006:43) Effects Effects are consequences that are brought about by a cause (Kaushik, Pandey & Pande, 2006:56). Examples of effects are changes in the health status, and standard of living of a population as a result of a programme, project or activity. In this study, effects refer to changes in the socio-economic status of a population that have occurred as a result of the breadwinner in a family who has become unable to go to work due to a weakened immune system that results from HIV and AIDS. Epidemic It is the occurrence of cases of an illness (or an outbreak) in a specific population with a frequency clearly in excess of the normal probability (Giesecke, 2007:19). In this study, an epidemic refers to the effect HIV and AIDS has on the population. Socio-economic status Socio-economic status refers to the standardised way of grouping a population in terms of parental occupation, income, power, prestige, and education (Kirsh, 2006:287). In this study, socio-economic status defines a person’s monthly income, education, and occupation. Family A group of people living together in a permanent arrangement, separated from the rest of the world by the walls of the family dwelling and by societal guarantees of family privacy (Bachmann & Booyens, 2006:4). In this study, a family denotes those people who are living under the same roof with a breadwinner who is HIV-positive.

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Johansson, Philippa. "The epidemics impact on schools : a study on the effects of HIV and AIDS in Botswana." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Pedagogik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17130.

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BackgroundHIV is a virus, which attacks the immunesystem in the body. In the year 2000 themillennium declaration was adopted. Combat against HIV and primary education for all thechildren are two goals that were presented. HIV was predicted to have big consequences onschool because there would be a lack of trained teachers, there would not be any children toteach and the quality of the education would be low.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to look into how the effects of HIV and AIDS have affected theschool situation in Botswana.MethodThe choice of method is based on hermeneutics with influences from a phenomenographicapproach. The data collection tool used is self-report, where the informants get to writeabout their own perceptions of a question.ResultsAbsenteeism, the Work-load for Teachers and Awareness are the three biggest effects ofHIV and AIDS on the selected schools for this study. Program: Lärarutbildningen

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Odirile, Shumie T. "Mareledi: An Audience-Reception Study of an HIV/AIDS Entertainment-Education Serial Television Drama in Botswana." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1461322756.

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Sebolaaphuti, Kutlwano. "The effect of HIV/AIDS on household food security : a case study of Bokaa, a rural area in Botswana." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1620.

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Lufuluabo, Ngeleka Albert. "Role of contraception in HIV prevention." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79936.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Reproductive health of people living with HIV/AIDS is a significant public health issue because of its associated risks of HIV transmission to both, the baby and the sexual partner. Provision of effective contraceptive to HIV-positive women is a proven prevention strategy, and can help prevent unintended pregnancy and other sexually transmitted infections. Unmet need for contraception in developing world and rates of unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV remain highly prevalent. The objectives of this study were to identify the current knowledge of HIV-positive women on existing contraceptive methods, determine their current contraceptive practices, identify barriers to contraception use, and provide recommendations on how contraception uptake can be improved among these women in Kasane. A cross-sectional study using qualitative technique was used among twenty five (25) participants at Kasane Primary Hospital. In-depth interviews were conducted with the help of research assistants for data collection. Excel Microsoft Office Software was used for socio-demographics data entry and analysis, and qualitative data were analysed manually using descriptive statistics. Main reasons for low uptake of contraception were desire for children, partner refusal, side effects, and socio-cultural and religious factors. Contraception prevalence was 56 % and condom was the most used contraceptive method (36%). whereas the rate of unintended pregnancies was 60% . Knowledge of contraception was high (100%) but limited proportion of participants (12%) had an expended understanding of contraception as a HIV prevention strategy. Most women living with HIV prefer to space, limit or stop childbearing but do not use any contraceptive method and found themselves with unintended pregnancy. Despite the good knowledge about contraception among participants, the uptake remained low. About half (44%) of the women interviewed were not on any contraceptive method. The choice to use contraception interferes with many factors and the desire to fulfil the primary reproductive intention of men and women, including those living with HIV, mostly override this choice. There is need for a strategic integrated approach that conveys HIV prevention messages and discusses the importance of planning a pregnancy. Thus promoting dual protection among women living with HIV. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die voortplantingsgesondheid van mense wat met MIV/vigs leef, is ‘n belangrike openbaregesondheidskwessie, aangesien voortplantingsgesondheid verband hou met die gevaar van MIV-oordrag na babas sowel as seksmaats. Daar is al bewys dat ander seksueel oordraagbare siektes sowel as onbeplande swangerskappe voorkom word as doeltreffende voorbehoedmiddels verskaf word aan vroue wat MIV-positief is. Dit behoefte aan voorbehoeding in ontwikkelende lande bly egter baie dikwels agterweë, en ‘n groot persentasie vroue wat met MIV leef, raak onbepland swanger. Die doel met hierdie ondersoek is om vas te stel wat vroue wat MIV-positief is, tans oor bestaande voorbehoeding weet, watter voorbehoedingsmetodes hulle tans gebruik en watter struikelblokke daar vir die gebruik van voorbehoeding is, en om voorstelle te maak oor hoe ŉ groter persentasie van hierdie vroue in Kasane oortuig kan word om voorbehoedmiddels te gebruik. ‘n Deursnee-studie wat met behulp van kwalitatiewe tegnieke by die Kasane Primêre Hospitaal uitgevoer is, het vyf en twintig (25) deelnemers betrek. Met die hulp van navorsingsassistente is diepte-onderhoude gevoer om inligting in te samel. Microsoft Office se Excel-sagteware is gebruik om sosio-demografiese inligting in te voer en te ontleed, en kwalitatiewe inligting is met verwysing na beskrywende statistiek met die hand ontleed. Die vernaamste redes vir die trae gebruik van voorbehoeding was die begeerte na ‘n kind, die teenstand van seksmaats, die newe-effekte, en sosio-kulturele en godsdienstige oorwegings. Daar is bevind dat 56% van die deelnemers voorbehoeding gebruik, dat kondome die algemeenste voorbehoedmiddel is (36%) en dat 60% van alle swangerskappe ongewens was. Die deelnemers was almal oor voorbehoeding ingelig (100%), maar slegs ‘n klein persentasie (12%) het ook geweet dat voorbehoedmiddels ‘n voorkomingstrategie vir MIV-infeksie is. Die meeste vroue wat met MIV leef, verkies om swangerskappe te versprei, te beperk of te verhoed, maar gebruik geen voorbehoedmiddels nie en het dus onbepland swanger geraak. Hoewel die deelnemers goed ingelig was oor voorbehoeding, het min van hulle dit gebruik. Ongeveer die helfte (44%) van die vroue met wie onderhoude gevoer is, het geen voorbehoeding gebruik nie. Die keuse om ‘n voorbehoedmiddel te gebruik, word beïnvloed talle ander faktore, en mans en vroue se primêre begeerte om voort te plant – ook al leef hulle met MIV – weeg gewoonlik swaarder as hierdie keuse. Daar is ‘n behoefte aan ‘n strategiese, geïntegreerde benadering wat boodskappe oor MIV-voorkoming oordra en wat tuisbring hoe belangrik dit is om swangerskappe te beplan. Sodoende sal vroue wat met MIV leef, tweedoelige beskerming kry.

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Mberengo, Sarah. "The relationship between socio-economic status and the practice of HIV self-protective/preventive behaviours among the residents of Maruapula, Gaborone." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79948.

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Thesis (MPhil--Stellenbosch University, 2013. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The incidence of HIV/AIDS in Botswana is one of the largest in the world taking its toll on many lives and posing developmental challenges to the nation. Nearly 25% of the population is living with HIV and 14% are newly infected; AIDS is acknowledged as the major cause of death. Most HIV and AIDS studies have been dominated by surveillance, biomedical and ethical methodologies. These approaches failed to stem the tide of HIV infection because they did not follow-up with the tracking of risky behaviours and the underlying causes of the behaviours. This research scrutinized socio-economic factors in relation to the spread of the epidemic. Available literature showed that little or no attention has been paid to the socio-economic backgrounds in which individuals exist in connection with understanding HIV and AIDS. This study used an economic model of risky sexual behaviour to explore the link between socio-economic status and the practice of HIV self-protective/preventive behaviours in Maruapula, Gaborone, Botswana. The research is vital as it goes beyond surveillance in an effort to establish why the community of the study is susceptible to HIV infection. This research l used both collected data and that from BAIS II. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die navorsing is oor die verhouding tussen sosio-ekonomiese status en die praktyk van MIV self-protective/preventive gedrag binne Maruapula distrik. Die doel van die studie is om vas te stel of daar 'n verband tussen sosio-ekonomiese status en die praktyk van MIV-voorkomende gedrag onder die inwoners, van Maruapula, Gaborone, Botswana. Data is ingesamel deur die gebruik van vraelyste en die ontleding van die statistiek het getoon dat die is geen verwantskap tussen sosio-ekonomiese status en die praktyk van MIV self-protective/preventive gedrag onder die inwoners. Aanbevelings gebaseer op die bevindinge is gemaak met betrekking tot MIV-voorkoming in die woongebied in die besonder en in die land in die algemeen.

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van, Zyl Cornelia. "Reproductive needs of men and women living with HIV: implications for family planning counselling." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43275.

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This research explored the reproductive needs of people of low socio-economic standing living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and attending public health facilities in South Africa. A qualitative research design based on the theoretical framework of critical realism using grounded theory was employed in revealing the dominant unobserved underlying mechanisms, powers and structures that influence their reproductive decision-making. HIV-positive men, HIV positive pregnant women and HIV positive non-pregnant women were recruited by HIV counsellors from the Ante-Natal Clinic and the Voluntary Counselling and Testing Clinic at the Kalafong Hospital. Individual interviews were used to explore participants’ reproductive needs. Focus group discussions were employed to holistically explore the HIV counsellors’ attitudes and perceptions regarding their clients’ reproductive needs and future family planning. Parenthood was an important factor to all participants in establishing their gender identities. Different cultural norms existed for men and women realising their reproductive needs. Society expects of women to be mothers, yet at the same time negatively judges HIV-positive women who choose to become pregnant or refuse to abort an existing pregnancy. Consequently, most women choose not to disclose their status and continue to live as if they are not HIV-positive. Having children is so important to these reproductive-aged PLWHA that they will risk their own health, the health of their partners and their babies. Emancipatory transformation of current HIV counselling services is needed and can be established by improving counsellor knowledge through training as well as giving PLWHA access to accredited HIV risk reducing services. Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. lk2014 Psychology PhD unrestricted

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Bergström, Frida, and Nathalie Liljeqvist. "Effective or not? Case Study Evaluation of a HIV/AIDS Workplace Program Policy at a Swedish Owned Company in Botswana." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Education and Psychology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6348.

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Tadesse, Mizanie Abate. "HIV testing from an African Human Rights System perspective : an analysis of the legal and policy framework of Botswana, Ethiopia and Uganda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5928_1210839992.

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The HIV/AIDS pandemic poses the greatest threat to Africa's efforts to achieve its full potential in the social, economical and political spheres. Cognizant of its devastating consequences, various mechanisms have been designed to address the issue of HIV/AIDS in Africa. This thesis addressed the question: 'Are the legislations and policies of Ethiopia, Botswana and Uganda providing for various modalities of HIV testing consistent with human rights as enshrined under African Human Rights system?' The author of this dissertation critically analyzed the African human rights instruments and the relevant domestic legislation and policies of the three countries.

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Masokwane, Patrick Maburu Dintle. "Prevalence of non-AIDS defining conditions and their associations with virologic treatment failure among adult patients on anti-retroviral treatment in Botswana." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5247.

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Magister Public Health - MPH Background: The recognition of HIV/AIDS as a chronic life-long condition globally in recent years has demanded a different perception and an alignment to its association with other chronic diseases. Both HIV and other chronic non-communicable diseases are significant causes of morbidity and mortality. Their combined DALY contributions for Botswana would be significant if research and strategies in controlling these conditions are not put in place. Natural aging and specific HIV-related accelerated aging of patients who are on antiretroviral treatment means that age-related diseases will adversely affect this population. Princess Marina Hospital Infectious Diseases Care Clinic has been in operation since 2002. The clinic has initiated over 16 000 patients on anti-retroviral treatment (ART) since 2002. The current study estimated the prevalence of non-AIDS defining conditions (NADCs) in the attendees of the clinic in 2013. The majority of patients that attended the clinic had been on treatment for over three years with some patients more than ten years. These ART experienced patients were more likely to be susceptible to chronic non-communicable diseases, including non-AIDS defining conditions. The nomenclature used in classification of NADCs in the current study was appropriate for resource-limited settings; because the study setting offered HIV treatment under resources constraints. Aim: The current study characterised non-AIDS defining conditions, and determined their associations with virologic treatment failure in a cohort of patients that were enrolled at Princess Marina Hospital antiretroviral clinic in Gaborone, Botswana. Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study of records of patients who attended the Princess Marina Infectious Diseases Care Clinic in 2013. Stratified random sampling of a total of 228 patients’ records was achieved from a total population of 5,781 records. Data was transcribed into a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet and then exported to Epi-Info statistical software for analysis. Results: Eighty (35%) cases of NADCs were reported/diagnosed in the study sample; with 27% (n=62) of the patients having at least one condition, 6.7% (n=17) two conditions, and 0.4% (n=1) three conditions. The top prevalent conditions were hypertension (n= 40), hyperlipidaemia (n=7) and lipodystrophy (n=7). The prevalence of NADCs on the various categories of patients compared with the total sample population was as follows: active patients (prevalence ratio= 0.70), transferred out patients (prevalence ratio = 1.24), patients who died (prevalence ratio=2.04) and patients who were lost to follow-up (prevalence ratio =2.86). The prevalence of NADCs was significantly associated with increasing age (p<0.001); having social problems (p=0.028); having been on treatment for over three years (p=0.007); an outcome of death (p = 0.03) and being lost to follow-up (p=0.007). The study showed that being controlled on second line or salvage regimen (p=0.014) and the presence of adherence problems in the past was associated with virologic failure (p=0.008). There was no association of presence of NADCs to virologic failure. Conclusions: There was significant morbidity of non-AIDS defining conditions in the Princess Marina Infectious Diseases Care Clinic shown by a prevalence of NADCs in the clinic of 35% in 2013.The significant associations of the presence of NADCs and virologic failure with outcomes of death and loss to follow-up illustrate the adverse effects that NADCs are having, and calls for strategies to address multi-morbidities in HIV patients on antiretroviral treatment.

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Meintjes, Cara Hugo. "The impact of HIV and AIDS on democratic consolidation : a comparative assessment of Botswana and South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17854.

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Thesis (MA )--Stellenbosch University, 2011. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this thesis is to assess the impact of HIV and AIDS on democratic consolidation in two democracies in Southern Africa: Botswana and South Africa. Mattes (2003), Barnett and Whiteside (2006) and others warned that in states with high HIV infection levels, the negative impact of the pandemic - especially in terms of socio-economic conditions, budgetary pressures and a loss of human capital in the state and the economy - was potentially so great that it may affect democracy detrimentally. In contrast, some scholars, particularly Anthony Butler (2005a) and Alex de Waal (2006), contended that although the pandemic had negative effects, democracies might survive it and that in some specific ways, democratic consolidation might even benefit from the its consequences. For instance, they argued that in South Africa, the civil society response to the government’s controversial HIV and AIDS policy deepened the institutional framework of democracy. The methodology for the above comparative analysis is based on the application of a minimalist multivariate model which, following the thinking of Bratton and Van de Walle (1997) consists of both institutional and socio-economic factors. Factors are selected for their relevance to democratic consolidation, as argued by scholars such as Linz and Stepan (1996), Przeworski, Alvarez, Cheibub and Limongi (1996), Bratton and Van de Walle (1997) and Leftwich (2000). The chosen factors are the system of government (the relationship between the branches of government); the electoral system; political rights and civil liberties; economic indicators (affluence, economic growth and the reduction of inequality); human development (as measured by the United Nations Development Program) and civil society. This is a descriptive, qualitative, desktop study, using secondary literature in books, as well as articles. There is no empirical component, such as fieldwork, surveys or questionnaires. As stated below, such methodology may be used for further elaboration and refining of the findings of this desktop-based comparative analysis. The main finding is that currently, despite the cost and human implications of the disease, there are no indications that it is directly threatening to destroy the democracies of Botswana or South Africa. This finding differs from the more negative expectations of the scholars mentioned above. It is suggested that the increasing provision and effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment (ART) enables these democracies and their economies to avoid some of the ravages of the disease that seemed inevitable a few years ago. Furthermore, it is suggested that the comparative affluence of the two states in question shields them from some negative effects of HIV and AIDS and that this may be different in poorer Southern African states. This is an issue for further research. Such research should go beyond desktop research to include fieldwork and questionnaires. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie tesis is om die impak van MIV en VIGS op demokratiese konsolidering in twee Suider-Afrikaanse demokrasieë, Botswana en Suid-Afrika, vas te stel. Mattes (2003), Barnett en Whiteside (2006) en ander het gewaarsku dat die negatiewe uitwerking van die pandemie - veral in terme van sosio-ekonomiese toestande, begrotingsdruk en ’n verlies aan menslike hulpbronne in die staat en ekonomie - potensieel so groot is dat dit demokrasie nadelig sou beïnvloed. In teenstelling hiermee het ander akademici, soos Anthony Butler (2005a) en Alex de Waal (2006), geredeneer dat demokrasieë die pandemie mag oorleef ten spyte van die negatiewe effekte wat dit wel het en dat demokrasieë selfs op sekere wyses by die gevolge daarvan mag baatvind. Byvoorbeeld, het hulle geargumenteer, in Suid-Afrika het die burgerlike samelewing se reaksie op die Mbeki-regering se kontroversiële MIV en VIGSbeleid die institusionele raamwerk van demokrasie verdiep. Die metodologie vir hierdie vergelykende analise is gebaseer op die toepassing van ’n minimalistiese multiveranderlike model. Soos gepostuleer deur Bratton en Van de Walle (1997), wat beide institusionele en sosio-ekonomiese faktore insluit. Faktore is gekies op grond van hulle relevansie tot demokratiese konsolidering (volgens vakkundiges soos Linz en Stepan (1996), Przeworski, Alvarez, Cheibub en Limongi (1996), Bratton en Van de Walle (1997) en Leftwich (2000), asook vir dié se moontlike relevansie tot demokrasieë wat spesifiek deur MIV en VIGS geaffekteer word. Die gekose faktore is die regeringstelsel (die verhouding tussen die uitvoerende, wetgewende en regsprekende gesag), die verkiesingstelsel, politieke regte en burgerlike vryhede, ekonomiese aanwysers (welvaart; ekonomiese groei en die vermindering van ongelykheid), menslike ontwikkeling (soos gemeet deur die Verenigde Nasies se Ontwikkelingsprogram) en die burgerlike samelewing. Hierdie tesis is ’n literatuurstudie van ’n beskrywende, kwalitatiewe aard. Daar is gebruik gemaak van sekondêre literatuur in boeke, asook van artikels. Daar is geen empiriese komponent soos veldwerk en meningspeilings nie. Soos hieronder beklemtoon word, kan empiriese metodes in toekomstige studies gebruik word om op die bevindinge wat hierdie navorsing opgelewer het, uit te brei en dit te verfyn. Die hoofbevinding is dat daar tans, ten spyte van die finansiële en menslike koste van MIV en VIGS, geen aanduiding is dat die siekte ‘n direkte bedreiging inhou vir die voortbestaan van demokrasie in Botswana en Suid-Afrika nie. Hierdie bevinding verskil van die meer negatiewe verwagtinge hierbo uitgespreek. Dit word voorgestel dat die toenemende voorsiening en effektiwiteit van antiretrovirale behandeling hierdie demokrasieë en hulle ekonomieë daartoe in staat stel om gedeeltelik die verwoesting van hierdie pandemie te vermy, iets wat enkele jare gelede nog as onvermydelik beskou is. Verder word die voorstel gemaak dat die impak van die pandemie op armer Suider-Afrikaanse state vergelyk behoort te word met die bevindinge wat hier aangebied word. Sulke toekomstige navorsing behoort nie net literatuurstudie in te sluit nie, maar ook veldwerk en meningsopnames.

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Ketshabile, Lisbon Simeon. "The impact of HIV/AIDS on the socio-economic environment in Botswana with special reference to tourism." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1624.

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Thesis (DTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010 Purpose: Botswana is one of the countries with the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in the world. This research aims to investigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on the socio-economic environment in Botswana with special reference to the country’s tourism sector. Tourism plays a vital role in the economy of Botswana. It creates employment, earns foreign exchange, markets Botswana internationally, attracts foreign investments and contributes to Gross Domestic Products (GDP).Methodology: This report explains the HIV/AIDS situation and policy framework relative to the tourism sector in Botswana and in selected African countries through conducting an extensive literature review and empirical surveys. This is a quantitative research in which non-probability method is used to indentify the respondents. Here tourism general managers are identified and asked to identify their subordinates who are available and willing to participate in the survey by answering a self-administered questionnaire.Findings: This study indicates that HIV/AIDS threatens the Botswana tourism and the viability of the socio-economic factors. In general, the Southern African region is experiencing the highest rate of HIV infection in the world. The infection rate is particularly high among the young people (aged 15 – 49). This age group constitutes people who are economically active, and a number of them work directly or indirectly in the tourism sector. HIV/AIDS kills the economically active population – people who hold the skills, do the work, pay taxes, raise children, vote in the elections, and provide leadership. HIV/AIDS results in increased mortality and morbidity rates, and it also results in increased health expenditure. It also results in increased poverty level in the country.Practical implications: When observing the prevalence and impact of HIV/AIDS not only in the tourism sector but in general, it becomes evident that the fight against the disease should be a collaborative approach involving various sectors including tourism. Relying only on government and health sector to address the complex and systematic impact of HIV/AIDS cannot effectively combat the disease and its prevalence rate.Originality/value: This report analyses HIV/AIDS situation in Botswana in a creative way, contributing to the understanding of its impacts on the socio-economic environment as well as identifying strategies that can be used in addressing the impacts. This research is important for public policy makers, government officials, and tourism role-players to be aware of implications HIV/AIDS has on the socio-economic environment and take them into consideration in the policy formulation and implementation, business strategies and processes. It is also imperative to academics who would like to expand their knowledge on HIV/AIDS.

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Mbayi, Letsema. "The impact of a pro-male circumcision (MC) approach towards an HIV/AIDS prevention strategy in Botswana." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12124.

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Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-103). This paper investigates how the emergence of male circumcision (MC) as part of a broader HIV prevention strategy will impact on Botswana's HIV/AIDS epidemic. Although is [sic] been more then two decades since Botswana's first case of HIV was diagnosed, HIV/AIDS is still the country's major development challenge. The government has played a key role in providing comprehensive treatment and care interventions and although prevention has always been the government's most important priority, the success of this has been limited. If Botswana is to succeed in decreasing the magnitude of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in future generations there is a paramount need for more effective prevention interventions. Evidence of the preventative impact of MC presents a major opportunity to address this need. Botswana's government has recognized this opportunity and has begun a scale-up of the MC service in the country's health sector. Qualitative methods and quantitative methods show that the current pro-MC approach towards HIV prevention strategy in Botswana could have a positive impact on the country's HIV/AIDS epidemic. However, the possible unintended effects of the scale-up of MC on behaviour should be considered carefully. Great care should be taken in ensuring that there is clarity amongst circumcised men, as well as the general public, on the 'limited' preventative impact of MC to deter behavioural disinhibition from taking place.

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Malonza, Patrice. "An exploration of work environment adaptive mechanisms used by women living with HIV/AIDS in Gaborone-Botswana." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25331.

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BACKGROUND: Cycling has become increasingly popular as a recreational and competitive sport, and the positive health benefits of cycling are well known. However, there are negative health effects associated with cycling. Exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD) and fatigue are common in cycling populations, and require a period of recovery so as not to progress into more serious chronic injury and overtraining, and allow for improved performance through adaptation. There are many recovery methods currently available to facilitate this recovery process. However, there is little information regarding the use of these modalities, and further, the understanding of these modalities. An understanding of the specific use of recovery modalities in cycling is necessary to guide further research, and to promote safe and efficient use of recovery strategies. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the use of recovery interventions in road and mountain bike (MTB) cyclists in South Africa. The specific objectives of this study were: (a) to determine the pattern of use of recovery modalities by endurance cyclists, specifically which modalities are being used, the frequency of use of each modality, and the use of each modality during training and races; (b) to determine the factors that influence road and MTB endurance cyclists' choices of recovery modalities and the rationale for use of specific recovery modalities; (c) to explore associations between the use of recovery modalities by road and MTB endurance cyclists and socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, body mass index (BMI), monthly income, level of education; and training and competition history. METHODS: This study had a descriptive, cross-sectional correlational design. Healthy adult cyclists who had been cycling for at least six months of the previous two years were included in the study. Participants who failed to provide informed consent or did not complete mandatory sections of the questionnaire were excluded. Participants were recruited by social media and word of mouth. Participants were required to complete a purpose-developed online questionnaire that included demographic and medical, training and race history, and use of recovery sections. The questionnaire was validated by a panel of topic experts. RESULTS: The study sample included 95 participants. Participants were predominantly middle- to higher-income, tertiary educated males. Participants reported using an average of 9 ± 2 recovery modalities, with protein (86%), carbohydrate (82%), sleep (75%) and passive recovery (74%) being the most commonly used. Recovery modality use was prevalent after all kinds of races (road and MTB), whether single or multiple stage. Personal experience, followed by coaches and trainers, fellow cyclists, and healthcare providers were the strongest influencers of which recovery modalities cyclists used. Participants aged 40 years or older were more likely to use ice/cold therapy, compression garments, active recovery, and carbohydrates. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 was predictive of the use of compression garments, passive recovery, and protein. Monthly income of more than R50 000 was a predictor for the use of stretching. Pre-race cycling volume of four or more training sessions per week was predictive of the use of active recovery, protein and carbohydrate. There were no predictive demographic characteristics explaining the use of anti-inflammatory medication, contrast therapy, massage, sleep, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and vitamins and minerals. Cycling history, pre-race cycling frequency and race experience were not predictive for the use of any of the listed recovery modalities. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that while there is widespread use of recovery modalities, the practice of use is inconsistent. In the case of modalities that are shown to be beneficial, correct protocols for use need to be disseminated to ensure safe and efficient practice going forward.

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Turner, Daniel. "Formal and informal care and support for people living with HIV/AIDS in two sites in Botswana." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/100/.

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The increasing availability of anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs) allows for the possibility of extended lives for the 36.8 million people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) across the world. Yet the drugs alone do not tackle the psychological and social problems of HIV, needs which are met by large networks of support, which including family, friends, NGOs support groups and government services. This research investigates these networks of social support for PLWHA using qualitative participatory research methods in Botswana, where many structures exist to provide help for PLWHA in a context where ARVs are freely available. Focus groups, participant diaries and interviews with service providers detail a complex landscape of care, which PLWHA utilise to get the help and assistance they need. A special emphasis is placed on the complex role of support groups, shown as a critical source of support which are currently under-researched in the literature. The study also illustrates the problems in networking between a myriad of NGOs, CBOs and government service providers, demonstrating issues of communication, governance and power.

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Kwatubana, Siphokazi Joanna. "A constructivist counselling programme for assisting learners infected with HIV/AIDS to cope in schools / Siphokazi Kwatubana." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2492.

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Taylor, Vicki. "Talking clients into tests : the interactional accomplishment and management of unsolicited 'offers' in HIV pre-test counselling interviews." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325354.

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Keene, Thomas. "Stopping The Spread of AIDS among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa, What Works and What does not: A Comparative Study of Uganda and Botswana." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33768.

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Using feminist theory and comparative analysis, this thesis will investigate why women in sub-Saharan Africa are more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS than men. Among non-governmental organizations and inter-governmental organizations, HIV/AIDS has always been a gender issue because it is clear that women are more vulnerable to the disease, socially, culturally and biologically. Through two case studies -- one on Uganda where the HIV prevalence rate has dropped considerably in recent years, and one on Botswana, where the HIV prevalence rate has drastically increased in recent years â I will shed light on womenâ s vulnerability to HIV, how this vulnerability can be counteracted, and how these counteractive efforts are implemented by women and state governments (if they are implemented at all). It is hypothesized that the empowerment of women may stifle the spread of HIV. Master of Arts

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Toivo, Aini-Kaarin. "Perceptions and experiences of pregnant women towards HIV voluntary antenatal counselling and testing in Oshakati Hospital, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This study focused on perceptions and experiences of pregnant women who opted in against those who opted out of voluntary antenatal HIV counseling and testing. The pregnant women's perceptions and experiences were assessed in order to gain insight into their views towards voluntary antenatal counseling and testing.

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Musemwa, Shingisai. "Factors influencing university students' use of HIV voluntary counselling and testing services : an analysis using the health belief model." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1448.

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Human Immune Virus (HI)V /Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has emerged as the most devastating epidemic that the world has experienced. Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) has proven to be an effective way of preventing and controlling HIV. South African universities provide free VCT services on their campuses; however, these facilities are underused. The study’s objectives were to use the components of the health belief model (HBM) to explore and describe the factors that influenced the decision made by university students who have gone for VCT. The sample consisted of five male students. Data was collected through one-on-one in depth interviews, which were recorded. Data was analysed using thematic analysis, and the components of the HBM were used as codes for the data. Themes were generated for each component. The results indicated that perceived severity, perceived benefits and cues to action played a role in influencing the participants’ decision to go for VCT. In addition, results show that perceived susceptibility had little influence on their decision to go for VCT. Even though participants acknowledged barriers to VCT, they reported that the perceived benefits for VCT outweighed the barriers, and the decision to go for VCT was made. Participants suggested that to increase uptake of VCT on their campus, the university could improve current VCT campaigns, introduce rewards for VCT and introduce couples VCT.

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Budaza, Thokozile. "The relationship between self-esteem and uptake of HIV counselling and testing among young women in South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6890.

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Magister Public Health - MPH High HIV incidence among young women is a global public health concern with the potential for a huge impact on their lives. Several interventions have been identified to help reduce HIV incidence among young women, including HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT). Lack of knowledge of HIV status is a major barrier to HIV prevention, care and treatment efforts. Therefore, HCT uptake among young women needs to be up-scaled. Early detection and treatment can help cushion the impact of AIDS on the lives of young women. There are various factors that negatively influence young women’s HCT uptake, including psychosocial characteristics. Studies have linked self-esteem to HCT and high levels of HIV risk behaviour practices among young women. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between self-esteem and HCT uptake among young women (16 to 24 years) in South Africa using data from the 2012, Third National HIV Communication Survey (NCS). This was a quantitative secondary data analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2012 NCS. The participants of this study were young women (n =1922) from all provinces in South Africa. The independent variable was self-esteem and the dependent variable was ever testing for HIV and testing in the last 12 months, with a number of socio-demographic characteristics as covariates. Data was analysed using STATA statistical software (version 13.0, STATA Corp., College Station Texas, USA). Socio-demographic characteristics were described through descriptive statistics. The relationship between independent variables and HIV testing was analysed with Chi-squared tests of association. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between self-esteem and HCT uptake when controlling for confounders.

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Kgosi, Kelebogile. "Conceptualising housing as a problem for poor people living with HIV/AIDS in Botswana : a case study of Gaborone." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54433/.

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This study explores the housing related problems and constraints faced by poor people living with HIV/AIDS in Gaborone. The study concurrently examines the housing interventions provided by the different housing providers, particularly looking into the availability, accessibility and affordability of the housing-related services in the form suitable for PPLWHA. Housing is one of the largest unmet needs among the poor people living with HIV/AIDS in Gaborone although it is a basic need. The lack of sanitary and stable housing has been key in housing and HIV/AIDS debates around the world and has been attributed with profound effects on the management of HIV/AIDS among PPLWHA. The study hinges on critical realism theory and posits that the housing problems faced by PPLWHA are not an outcome of a single cause but of a web of interacting and interconnected, social, economic, political and environmental factors apparent in Botswana. A qualitative semi-structured strategy through in-depth interviews is used in this study to explore the following: firstly, the housing problems and constraints faced by PPLWHA as well as the strategies they adopt to respond to these problems. Secondly, to gain perspectives of lands and housing policy makers as well as personnel offering housing and housing related services who were interviewed to provide a picture of the implementation of policies, programs and services intended to respond to the housing for poor people. The major conclusion of the thesis is that poverty and HIV/AIDS are interconnected and primary in the everyday life of PPLWHA, and limit their opportunity to afford and access sanitary housing. Consequently they are limited to inhabit poor and unsanitary housing environments in informal housing markets which make it difficult for them to manage their health. The study argues that the housing problems faced by PPLWHA go beyond the observable conditions of poverty and HIV/AIDS. There are other underlying structural barriers, observable and non-observable, which contribute to the housing problems faced by PPLWHA. Firstly, the lack of sanitary and affordable housing, which incorporates the issue of housing finance which is suitable for those on a low income and the poor. Secondly, limited governmental support in the regulation and control of the informal housing market for low income people, thirdly the lack of collaboration of housing organisations aimed at housing the poor and vulnerable people in the country and fourthly the social structures such as cultural norms and traditional beliefs and gender inequalities which are interconnected with HIV/AIDS and poverty which exacerbate housing problems of PPLWHA. This study recommends that if Botswana is to tackle the spread and treatment of HI V and AIDS in society, the lack of adequate housing must be addressed as a barrier to effective HIV prevention, management and care. It is crucial to address the need for stable housing for people with HIV and AIDS.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'HIV/AIDS counselling Botswana'

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