Journal articles: 'HIV/AIDS model analysis'

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Samanta, G. P. "Analysis of a Nonautonomous HIV/AIDS Model." Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena 5, no. 6 (2010): 70–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mmnp/20105604.

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Perdana Putra, Septiangga Van Nyek, Agus Suryanto, and Nur Shofianah. "Dynamical Analysis of a Fractional Order HIV/AIDS Model." JTAM (Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Matematika) 5, no. 1 (April 17, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jtam.v5i1.3224.

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This article discusses a dynamical analysis of the fractional-order model of HIV/AIDS. Biologically, the rate of subpopulation growth also depends on all previous conditions/memory effects. The dependency of the growth of subpopulations on the past conditions is considered by applying fractional derivatives. The model is assumed to consist of susceptible, HIV infected, HIV infected with treatment, resistance, and AIDS. The fractional-order model of HIV/AIDS with Caputo fractional-order derivative operators is constructed and then, the dynamical analysis is performed to determine the equilibrium points, local stability and global stability of the equilibrium points. The dynamical analysis results show that the model has two equilibrium points, namely the disease-free equilibrium point and endemic equilibrium point. The disease-free equilibrium point always exists and is globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is less than one. The endemic equilibrium point exists if the basic reproduction number is more than one and is globally asymptotically stable unconditionally. To illustrate the dynamical analysis, we perform some numerical simulation using the Predictor-Corrector method. Numerical simulation results support the analytical results.

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Sharma, Swarnali, and G. P. Samanta. "Dynamical Behaviour of an HIV/AIDS Epidemic Model." Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems 22, no. 4 (June 28, 2013): 369–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12591-013-0173-7.

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Tireito, F. K., G. O. Lawi, and C. O. Okaka. "Mathematical analysis of HIV/AIDS prophylaxis treatment model." Applied Mathematical Sciences 12, no. 18 (2018): 893–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ams.2018.8689.

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Qudrat-Ullah, Hassan. "A Simple Model for a Complex Issue." International Journal of Healthcare Delivery Reform Initiatives 3, no. 4 (October 2011): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhdri.2011100105.

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System dynamics models can facilitate the understanding of complex and dynamic biomedical systems such as in HIV/AIDS. Untangling the dynamics among various population stocks (e.g., susceptible population, infected population, HIV population, AIDS population) can be used to investigate the effective points of interventions in the HIV/AIDS cycle. With that in mind, the authors have developed a system dynamics model that can be used to examine various policy decisions for the prevention and the treatment of HIV/AIDS. The specific objectives of their study was to examine the growing number of AIDS-related deaths in Canada. They used the authors’ dynamic simulation model to evaluate the impact of various HIV/AIDS policy intervention scenarios centred on the reduction of the number of AIDS deaths in Canada. Their analysis suggests that more lives will be saved if effective preventive and treatment programs are implemented simultaneously. A simultaneous implementation of these programs will also result in a much smaller HIV-infected and AIDS populations.

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Habibah, Ummu. "Stability Analysis of HIV/AIDS Model with Educated Subpopulation." CAUCHY 6, no. 4 (May 30, 2021): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ca.v6i4.10275.

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We had constructed mathematical model of HIV/AIDS with seven compartments. There were two different stages of infection and susceptible subpopulations. Two stages in infection subpopulation were an HIV-positive with consuming ARV such that this subpopulation can survive longer and an HIV-positive not consuming ARV. The susceptible subpopulation was divided into two, uneducated and educated susceptible subpopulations. The transmission coefficients from educated and uneducated subpopulations to infection stages were where (( and ) ( and )) In this paper, we consider the case of and were zero. We investigated local stability of the model solutions according to the basic reproduction number as a threshold of disease transmission. The disease-free and endemic equilibrium points were locally asymptotically stable when and respectively. To support the analytical results, numerical simulation was conducted.

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(Alm), Jafaruddin, Rapmaida M. Pangaribuan, Aryanto, and Irena A. Henukh. "Analisis Kestabilan Model Host-Vector Transmisi HIV/AIDS Pada Pengguna Jarum Suntik." Jurnal Matematika 7, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmat.2017.v07.i01.p77.

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HIV/AIDS is a very dangerous disease. The transmission of HIV/AIDS can be in three ways and one of them through a syringe. In this paper we describe SIR and SEIR Host-Vector model transmission of HIV/AIDS amongst populations of injecting drug users. From the existing model we obtained disease-free equilibrium point and endemic equilibrium point. Then we study the stability conditions and sensitivity analysis of the . The analysis shows if then the disease-free equilibrium point is stable and if then the endemic equilibrium point will be stable. We also obtained that parameter of probality host-vector infected with HIV/AIDS affects the increase of number infected HIV/AIDS. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Host-Vector Transmission, The Stability of Equilibrium Point.

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Nasir, Jamal Abdul, Muhammad Imran, Syed Arif Ahmed Zaidi, Najeeb Ur Rehman, and Fiaz Ahmad. "HIV/AIDS AWARENESS." Professional Medical Journal 22, no. 12 (December 10, 2015): 1580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.12.841.

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Objectives: To examine the awareness regarding HIV/AID and sexual behaviouramong long distance truck drivers (LDTDs) in Bahawalpur division. Study design: A crosssectional population study. Setting: Three districts (Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar and RYK).Data: Sample of size of 120 LDTDs is taken by using convenient sampling technique. Methods:Descriptive and inferential analysis carried out. Results: Every 6 out of 10 LDTDs have heardaboutHIV/AIDS and believed that sexual intercourse is a major mode of its transmission. Theuse of condom before sex is seldom among truckers. Exactly half of LDTDs have only onesexual partner while nearly quarter (23.3%) of the respondents currently having two sexualpartners. Over half (54.2%) of truckers made payment for sex with commercial sex workers(CSWs) and only 3.3% did so with their helper/conductor. Two models are executed separatelyto explore the association of trucker’s knowledge about HIV/AIDS (Model 1) and those whopaid for sex (Model 2). Pearson chi-square analysis exhibits that respondents having age group25-30 year, those with native of Punjabi language, those who manage to earn more than 15,000Pakistani rupees per month, those having secondary level of schooling and those watchingTV has higher knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS. LDTDs with age thirty years and over, Saraikispeaking, monthly income less than 10,000, illiterate, unmarried, watching TV and remainaway from home during current trip a week are found to be more prone to pay for sex toCSW. Conclusions: The awareness of HIV/AIDS and knowledge of its transmission throughsexual contact is high among LDTDs but still public health strategies are needed to promotethe knowledge of all possible transmission modes of HIV/AIDS and use of condom before sex,ultimately to improve health outcomes.

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Aminu, M., M. O. Ibrahim, A. Mustafa, and I. Abdullahi. "STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A STAGED PROGRESSION HIV/AIDS MODEL WITH SCREENING AND CONDOM USAGE." Journal of Mathematical Sciences & Computational Mathematics 2, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.15864/jmscm.2208.

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In this Paper, a staged-progression model for HIV/AIDS transmission dynamics is formulated and analyzed to study the impact of Screening, Condom usage and Condom compliance. The local stability for the disease free equilibrium (DFE) was proved for Rc < 1 and Kransnoselki sublinearity trick was used to show that the endemic equilibrium (EE) is locally asymptotically stable for a special case whenever Rc > 1. Numerical simulation was also carried out to investigate the effects of screening unaware (unscreened) asymptomatic individuals and Condom compliance. The result shows the influence of condom compliance and screening on the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS. The result clearly shows that increase in the compliance of Condom usage and increase of screening rate of HIV individuals reduces the total number of HIV/AIDS individuals. This point that increase in Condom usage and screening reduces HIV/AIDS burden.

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Teklu, Shewafera Wondimagegnhu, and Temesgen Tibebu Mekonnen. "HIV/AIDS-Pneumonia Coinfection Model with Treatment at Each Infection Stage: Mathematical Analysis and Numerical Simulation." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2021 (September 16, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5444605.

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In the paper, we have considered a nonlinear compartmental mathematical model that assesses the effect of treatment on the dynamics of HIV/AIDS and pneumonia coinfection in a human population at different infection stages. Our model revealed that the disease-free equilibrium points of the HIV/AIDS and pneumonia submodels are both locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever the associated basic reproduction numbers ( R H and R P ) are less than unity. Both the submodel endemic equilibrium points are locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever the associated basic reproduction numbers ( R P and R H ) are greater than unity. The full HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coinfection model has both locally and globally asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium points whenever the basic reproduction number of the coinfection model R H P is less than unity. Using standard values of parameters collected from different kinds of literature, we found that the numerical values of the basic reproduction numbers of the HIV/AIDS-only submodel and pneumonia-only submodel are 17 and 7, respectively, and the basic reproduction number of the HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coinfection model is max 7 , 17 = 17 . Applying sensitive analysis, we identified the most influential parameters to change the behavior of the solution of the considered coinfection dynamical system are the HIV/AIDS and pneumonia transmission rates β 1 and β 2 , respectively. The coinfection model was numerically simulated to investigate the stability of the coinfection endemic equilibrium point, the impacts of transmission rates, and treatment strategies for HIV/AIDS-only, pneumonia-only, and HIV/AIDS-pneumonia coinfected individuals. Finally, we observed that numerical simulations indicate that treatment against infection at every stage lowers the rate of infection or disease prevalence.

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Liu, Maoxing. "The analysis of HIV/AIDS drug-resistant on networks." International Journal of Modern Physics C 25, no. 05 (March 11, 2014): 1440008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183114400087.

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In this paper, we present an Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) drug-resistant model using an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model on scale-free networks. We derive the threshold for the epidemic to be zero in infinite scale-free network. We also prove the stability of disease-free equilibrium (DFE) and persistence of HIV/AIDS infection. The effects of two immunization schemes, including proportional scheme and targeted vaccination, are studied and compared. We find that targeted strategy compare favorably to a proportional condom using has prominent effect to control HIV/AIDS spread on scale-free networks.

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Ulfa, Badria, Trisilowati Trisilowati, and Wuryansari M. K. "Dynamical Analysis of HIV/AIDS Epidemic Model with Treatment." Journal of Experimental Life Sciences 8, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jels.2018.008.01.04.

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Maoxing, Liu, and Jin Zhen. "The Analysis of an HIV/AIDS Model with Vaccination." Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics 38, no. 5 (October 2008): 1561–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1216/rmj-2008-38-5-1561.

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Lim, JY, BW Chew, and KH Phua. "An Economic Analysis of AIDS — Towards a Proposed Model of Costing: A Singapore Experience." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 7, no. 3 (July 1994): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053959400700301.

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With the increasing prevalence of HIV infection/AIDS and the extending range of care and treatment, the economic implications of the various prevention and control strategies, and of treatment, have become the subject of interest to policy-makers, public health specialists and health economists. This paper presents an overview of the methods used for the economic analysis of AIDS/HIV infection. It proposes an activity-oriented, cost center-based model for the costing of the economic impact of AIDS, using cost figures in Singapore since 1985, when the National AIDS Control Program was started. Priorities for future research are also identified. Asia Pac J Public Health1994;7(3):143-50.

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Iannelli, Mimmo, Roberto Loro, Fabio A. Milner, Andrea Pugliese, and Guglielmo Rabbiolo. "Numerical Analysis of a Model for the Spread of HIV/AIDS." SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 33, no. 3 (June 1996): 864–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/0733043.

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Huo, Hai-Feng, and Rui Chen. "Stability of an HIV/AIDS Treatment Model with Different Stages." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/630503.

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An HIV/AIDS treatment model with different stages is proposed in this paper. The stage of the HIV infection is divided into two stages, that is, HIV-positive in the asymptomatic stage of HIV infection and HIV-positive individuals in the pre-AIDS stage. The fact that some individuals with HIV-positive individuals after the treatment can be transformed into the compartment of HIV-positive individuals in the asymptomatic stage of HIV infection, the compartment of HIV-positive individuals in the pre-AIDS stage, or the compartment of individuals with full-blown AIDS is also considered. Mathematical analyses establish the idea that the global dynamics of the HIV/AIDS model are determined by the basic reproduction numberR0. The disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable ifR0<1. The endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable ifR0>1for a special case. Numerical simulations are also conducted to support the analytic results.

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Magombedze, Gesham, Zindoga Mukandavire, Christinah Chiyaka, and Godfrey Musuka. "OPTIMAL CONTROL OF A SEX‐STRUCTURED HIV/AIDS MODEL WITH CONDOM USE." Mathematical Modelling and Analysis 14, no. 4 (December 31, 2009): 483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-6292.2009.14.483-494.

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Optimal control theory is applied to a sex‐structured HIV/AIDS model with condom use as an intervention strategy. An objective functional to maximise condom use in a population and minimise cases of infectious HIV is adopted. The optimal control is characterised and solved numerically. Simulation results suggest that high percentage of condom usage is associated with reduced HIV incidence, while high costs of condom usage campaigns reduces the percentage condom usage. Targeting issuance of condoms to infectious individuals enables reduction of condom usage campaign costs, hence ensures high percentage of condom usage.

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Nyabadza, Farai. "ON THE COMPLEXITIES OF MODELING HIV/AIDS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA." Mathematical Modelling and Analysis 13, no. 4 (December 31, 2008): 539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-6292.2008.13.539-552.

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In this paper problems associated with the modeling of HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa are presented. A mathematical model is presented to highlight the three major challenges of modeling HIV/AIDS, i.e condom use, vertical transmission and treatment. The model analysis for the case, where the treatment parameter ñ = 0, is presented in terms of the model reproduction number R and threshold parameters RT and RA that show the contribution of vertical transmission. It is shown that if R, RT, RA < 1, then the disease free equilibrium point is both locally asymptotically and globally stable. Numerical simulations for the model are presented to determine the role of some key epidemiological parameters of the model.

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MOUALEU, D. P., J. MBANG, R. NDOUNDAM, and S. BOWONG. "MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF HIV AND HEPATITIS C CO-INFECTIONS." Journal of Biological Systems 19, no. 04 (December 2011): 683–723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339011004159.

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Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common coinfection in people with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis C is categorized as an HIV-related illness. The study of the joint dynamics of HIV and HCV present formidable mathematical challenges in spite the fact that they share similar routes of transmission. A deterministic model for the co-interaction of HCV and HIV in a community is presented and rigorously analyzed. The disease-free equilibrium is shown to be locally asymptotically stable when the associated epidemic threshold known as the basic reproduction number for the model is less than the unity. The Centre Manifold theory is used to show that the HCV only and HIV/AIDS only endemic equilibria are locally asymptotically stable when their associated reproduction numbers are greater than the unity. We compute two coexistence thresholds for the stability of boundary equilibria. Numerical results are presented to validate analytical results.

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BHUNU, C. P., J. M. TCHUENCHE, W. GARIRA, G. MAGOMBEDZE, and S. MUSHAYABASA. "MODELING THE EFFECTS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS ON THE TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS OF HIV/AIDS." Journal of Biological Systems 18, no. 02 (June 2010): 277–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339010003196.

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A schistosomiasis and HIV/AIDS co-infection model is presented as a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Qualitative analysis (properties) of the model are presented. The disease-free equilibrium is shown to be locally asymptotically stable when the associated epidemic threshold known as the basic reproduction number for the model is less than unity. The Centre Manifold theory is used to show that the schistosomiasis only and HIV/AIDS only endemic equilibria are locally asymptotically stable when the associated reproduction numbers are greater than unity. The model is numerically analyzed to assess the effects of schistosomiasis on the dynamics of HIV/AIDS. Analysis of the reproduction numbers and numerical simulations show that an increase of schistosomiasis cases result in an increase of HIV/AIDS cases, suggesting that schistosomiasis control have a positive impact in controlling the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS.

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Apeagee, Bemgba, P. O. Agada, D. A. Dzaar, and A. A. Ede. "APPLICATION OF COX PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL IN TIME TO EVENT ANALYSIS OF HIV/AIDS PATIENTS." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 4, no. 3 (September 12, 2020): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2020-0403-360.

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The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) remains a public health crisis that has contributed to the majority of deaths recorded in the past decade, affecting Nigeria and other countries of the world as it has become drug resistance in some patients. This study was aimed at estimating the effects of covariates on the survival time for HIV/AIDS patients using the Cox PH model. The KM results indicated that 91 patients were males, out of which 31 experienced the event of interest, and 60 (68.9%) were censored, 209 were females, 65 died due to AIDS, and 144 were censored (68.9%) respectively. The results of the Cox PHM indicated that sex, age, and health of patients are positively associated with death due to AIDS with the associated negative length of survival for HIV/AIDS patients with HR (1.149, 1.235, 1.887, and 1.306) respectively. The study concluded that CD4 cell counts are the only variable or covariate that showed a lower risk of death due to AIDS. The results further stated that patients with high CD4 cell counts have lower risks of death due to AIDS but an increase in survival time considering other factors. The study, therefore recommends that survival analysis should be used to assess the various risk factors and the confounding effects associated with them stressing that a patient’s lifestyle should be improved to live healthy as they continue to age older.

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Amiri, Fatemeh, Ghodrat Roshanaei, Meysam Olfati Far, Rasoul Najafi, and Jalal Poorolajal. "Survival Analysis of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Iranian Patients: A Multistate Model." Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 180–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jams.24.2.5530.2.

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Background and Aim: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), is a chronic and potentially life-threatening disease. Numerous factors affect its development and progression. Therefore, the present study attempted to identify characteristics impacting the prognosis and progression of AIDS using multistate models. Methods & Materials: The present retrospective study consisted of 2185 patients affected with HIV referring to Behavioral Disease Counseling Centers in Tehran City, Iran, from 2004 to 2013. We considered multiple states of AIDS, tuberculosis, and tuberculosis/AIDS in the natural history of the disease (from the onset of HIV disease until death occurred). Then, we applied the multistate models, to examine the effect of contextual demographic and clinical variables on survival time; subsequently, the transition probabilities of HIV. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.UMSHA.REC.1396.117). Results: HIV-Related deaths in individuals with an incarnation history were 2.40 times higher than in those without the prison history. Death risk was also 1.70 and 1.80 times higher in those aged 25-44 and 44 years, respectively, compared to the individuals aged less than 25 years. An inverse relationship was also found between CD4 levels and the risk of death in our participants. Conclusion: Antiretroviral therapy, CD4 count, age, and history of imprisonment were the main factors in the progression of the disease and subsequent death in HIV patients. Thus, preventing the further spread of the disease to the community and controlling the disease in the patients requires targeted educational and therapeutic interventions; accordingly, the community will be familiarized with transmission routes and the preventing principle of disease. Furthermore, we can encourage patients to visit the healthcare centers early.

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Rani, Pratibha, Divya Jain, Vinod Prakash Saxena, and Ryan Loxton. "Approximate analytical solution with stability analysis of HIV/AIDS model." Cogent Mathematics 3, no. 1 (July 22, 2016): 1206692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311835.2016.1206692.

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Cai, Liming, Shuli Guo, and Shuping Wang. "Analysis of an extended HIV/AIDS epidemic model with treatment." Applied Mathematics and Computation 236 (June 2014): 621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2014.02.078.

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Cai, Liming, Xuezhi Li, Mini Ghosh, and Baozhu Guo. "Stability analysis of an HIV/AIDS epidemic model with treatment." Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 229, no. 1 (July 2009): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2008.10.067.

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Zahedi, Moosarreza Shamsyeh, and Narges Shayegh Kargar. "The Volterra–Lyapunov matrix theory for global stability analysis of a model of the HIV/AIDS." International Journal of Biomathematics 10, no. 01 (November 15, 2016): 1750002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524517500024.

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In this paper, we analyze a nonlinear mathematical model of the HIV/AIDS and screening of unaware infectives on the transmission dynamics of the disease in a homogeneous population with constant immigration of susceptibles incorporating use of condom, screening of unaware infectives and treatment of the infected. We consider constant controls and thereafter by incorporating the theory of Volterra–Lyapunov stable matrices into the classical method of Lyapunov functions, we present an approach for global stability analysis of HIV/AIDS. The analysis and results presented in this paper make building blocks toward a comprehensive study and deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanism in HIV/AIDS. A numerical study of the model is also carried out to investigate the analytical results.

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Olufowote, James O., Johnson S. Aranda, Guoyu E. Wang, and Danni Liao. "Advancing the New Communications Framework for HIV/AIDS: The Communicative Constitution of HIV/AIDS Networks in Tanzania’s HIV/AIDS NGO Sector." Studies in Media and Communication 5, no. 1 (April 26, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v5i1.2390.

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Although health communication research on HIV/AIDS has acknowledged the work of HIV/AIDS non-governmental organizations (NGOs), we know little about how such NGOs are collaborating in their response to the epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). UNAIDS estimated that over two-thirds of world-wide HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths take place in SSA and normative models have highlighted organizational collaborations as an important part of the response to public health risks and crises. This study advanced the New Communications Framework for HIV/AIDS by drawing on a constitutive model of communication to develop a discursive perspective on HIV/AIDS NGO collaborations. Analyses of interviews with 36 leaders of Tanzanian HIV/AIDS NGOs resulted in (a) networks of organizations of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and (b) networks expressing the following identities: as single entities that unify PLWHA organizations in/across administrative divisions, as structures for reaching grassroots PLWHA and facilitating their participation in decision-making forums at various scales, and as vehicles for various social impacts such as advocacy for PLWHA.

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Sun, Shuman, Zhiming Li, Huiguo Zhang, Haijun Jiang, and Xijian Hu. "Analysis of HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Socioeconomic Factors in Sub-Saharan Africa." Entropy 22, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22111230.

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Sub-Saharan Africa has been the epicenter of the outbreak since the spread of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) began to be prevalent. This article proposes several regression models to investigate the relationships between the HIV/AIDS epidemic and socioeconomic factors (the gross domestic product per capita, and population density) in ten countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, for 2011–2016. The maximum likelihood method was used to estimate the unknown parameters of these models along with the Newton–Raphson procedure and Fisher scoring algorithm. Comparing these regression models, there exist significant spatiotemporal non-stationarity and auto-correlations between the HIV/AIDS epidemic and two socioeconomic factors. Based on the empirical results, we suggest that the geographically and temporally weighted Poisson autoregressive (GTWPAR) model is more suitable than other models, and has the better fitting results.

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NYABADZA, FARAI, CHRISTINAH CHIYAKA, ZINDOGA MUKANDAVIRE, and SENELANI D. HOVE-MUSEKWA. "ANALYSIS OF AN HIV/AIDS MODEL WITH PUBLIC-HEALTH INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS AND INDIVIDUAL WITHDRAWAL." Journal of Biological Systems 18, no. 02 (June 2010): 357–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339010003329.

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Primary prevention measures designed to alter susceptibility and/or reduce exposure of susceptible individuals to diseases, remain the mainstay in the fight against HIV/AIDS. A model for HIV/AIDS, that investigates the reduction in infection by advocating for sexual behavior change through public-health information campaigns and withdrawal of individuals with AIDS from sexual activity is proposed and analyzed. The contact rate is modeled using an incidence function with saturation that depends on the number of infectives. The dynamics of the model is determined using the model reproduction number [Formula: see text]. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the role of some key epidemiological parameters. The results from the study demonstrate that an increase in the rate of dissemination of effective public-health information campaigns results in a decrease in the prevalence of the disease. Similarly, an increase in the fraction of individuals with AIDS who withdraw from sexual activities reduces the burden of the disease.

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Rani, Pratibha, Divya Jain, and Vinod Prakash Saxena. "Stability Analysis of HIV/AIDS Transmission with Treatment and Role of Female Sex Workers." International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation 18, no. 6 (October 26, 2017): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijnsns-2015-0147.

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AbstractThis paper concentrates on the role of prostitutes in HIV/AIDS disease transmission among common population. In this communication, a nonlinear Susceptible-Infected-Treated-AIDS infected (SITA) model is developed to study the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS infection in three different classes. The behavior of the model is analyzed by the basic reproduction number R0 and the results of the model are investigated by using stability theory of differential equations. Analysis of the model demonstrates that the disease-free equilibrium is locally stable for ${R_0}\, \lt \,1$ and at ${R_0} \gt \,1, \,$ the endemic equilibrium is globally stable. Further, numerical simulation of the model is carried out.

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Wei, Minwei, and Yufeng Wen. "Meta-analysis of Effect on HIV/AIDS Intervention in Comprehensive Commercial Sex Work in China." Advances in Disease Control and Prevention 2, no. 1 (May 30, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25196/adcp201714.

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Objective: In recent 5 years, to evaluate the effect of an intervention or preventing HIV/AIDS in commercial sex workers, to provide foundations for preventing HIV/AIDS in commercial sex workers in future. Methods: A computerized literature searching Was carried out in PubMed, springer, China Info, VIP, CNKI databases to collect articles published between 2008 and 2009 concerning the effect of AHIV/AIDS education intervention in commercial sex workers. The type was self-control intervention study, the method was Comprehensive intervention, according to the KABP Model and comprehensive factors, we choose five indicators about the HIV/AIDS knowledge and behavior for Meta analysis by Stata12.0 software. We use RD (rate difference) as Effect Size and make consistency check for included studies, then choose fixed effect model or random effect model to do Comprehensive quantitative analysis. Results: the analysis that the RD for knowing the sexual transmission route of HIV, the RD for knowing the effect of condoms for HIV prevention, the RD for knowing the Maternal and child route of HIV, the RD for using condom in the latest month, and the RD for consistently using condom in the latest month were increased by 23.8 % (0.143, 0.180), 19.5 % (0.139, 0.251), 19.0 % (0.100, 0.281) , 23.5 % (0.160, 310) and 25.8 % (0.068, 0.448), respectively. Conclusion: Comprehensive intervention for preventing HIV/AIDS is effective in changing knowledge and action in commercial sex workers, in China.

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Marsudi, Noor Hidayat, and Ratno Bagus Edy Wibowo. "Optimal Control and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of HIV Model with Educational Campaigns and Therapy." MATEMATIKA 35, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/matematika.v35.n4.1267.

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In this paper, we present a deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of HIV, in which educational campaigns and therapy are both important for disease management. We propose and analyze an optimal control problem to investigate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of three control measures (educational campaigns, therapy on infected individuals in the asymptomatic stage, and therapy on infected individuals in the pre-AIDS class). We formulate the appropriate optimal control problem and investigate the necessary conditions for disease control in order to determine the role of asymptomatic infection, pre-AIDS, and full-blown AIDS in the spread of HIV. Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle was employed to derive the necessary conditions for the existence of optimal control. The fourth-order Runge-Kutta forward-backwards sweep numerical approximation method was used to solve the optimal control system. The Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) was calculated to investigate the cost-effectiveness of all possible combinations of the three control measures. Using cost-effectiveness analysis, we showed that control of therapy on pre-AIDS and a combination of control of educational campaigns and therapy on pre-AIDS provides the most cost-effective strategy to control the disease.

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Mukandavire, Z., W. Garira, and C. Chiyaka. "Asymptotic properties of an HIV/AIDS model with a time delay." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 330, no. 2 (June 2007): 916–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.07.102.

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Samanta, Guruprasad P. "ANALYSIS OF A NONAUTONOMOUS HIV/AIDS EPIDEMIC MODEL WITH DISTRIBUTED TIME DELAY." Mathematical Modelling and Analysis 15, no. 3 (July 15, 2010): 327–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-6292.2010.15.327-347.

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In this paper, we have considered a nonautonomous stage‐structured HIV/AIDS epidemic model through vertical and horizontal transmissions of infections, having two stages of the period of infection according to the developing progress of infection before AIDS defined would be detected, with varying total population size and distributed time delay to become infectious (through horizontal transmission) due to intracellular delay between initial infection of a cell by HIV and the release of new virions. The infected people in the different stages have different ability of transmitting disease. We have established some sufficient conditions on the permanence and extinction of the disease by using inequality analytical technique. We have obtained the explicit formula of the eventual lower bounds of infected people. We have introduced some new threshold values _Ro and R* and further obtained that the disease will be permanent when _Ro > 1 and the disease will be going to extinct when R* < 1. By Lyapunov functional method, we have also obtained some sufficient conditions for global asymptotic stability of this model. Computer simulations are carried out to explain the analytical findings.

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Baryarama, F., J. Y. T. Mugisha, and L. S. Luboobi. "Mathematical Model for HIV/AIDS with Complacency in a Population with Declining Prevalence." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 7, no. 1 (2006): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10273660600890057.

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An HIV/AIDS model incorporating complacency for the adult population is formulated. Complacency is assumed a function of number of AIDS cases in a community with an inverse relation. A method to find the equilibrium state of the model is given by proving a stated theorem. An example to illustrate use of the theorem is also given. Model analysis and simulations show that complacency resulting from dependence of HIV transmission on number of AIDS cases in a community leads to damped periodic oscillations in the number of infectives with oscillations more marked at lower rates of progression to AIDS. The implications of these results to public health with respect to monitoring the HIV/AIDS epidemic and widespread use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs is discussed.

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Bhunu, C. P., A. N. Mhlanga, and S. Mushayabasa. "Exploring the Impact of Prostitution on HIV/AIDS Transmission." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (October 30, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/651025.

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HIV/AIDS has been somehow linked to prostitution for decades now. A mathematical model is presented to assess the link between prostitution and HIV transmission. The epidemic thresholds known as the reproduction numbers and equilibria for the model are determined and stabilities analyzed. Analysis of the reproduction numbers suggests that HIV/AIDS control using antiretroviral therapy is more effective in the absence of prostitution. Numerical simulations further show high levels of HIV/AIDS when percentage of prostitutes in the community is high. Results from this study suggest that effectively controlling HIV/AIDS requires strategies that address both prostitution and HIV/AIDS transmission. Addressing HIV/AIDS through condom use and antiretroviral therapy may not be enough to stem HIV/AIDS in the community as some drug/alcohol misusing prostitutes may not be able to negotiate for safe sex while they are in drunken stupor. Furthermore, prostitutes are likely to get infected by different HIV strains some of which may be resistant to the antiretroviral therapy regimen in use.

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Chen, Can, and Yanni Xiao. "Modeling Saturated Diagnosis and Vaccination in Reducing HIV/AIDS Infection." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/414383.

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A mathematical model is proposed to consider the effects of saturated diagnosis and vaccination on HIV/AIDS infection. By employing center manifold theory, we prove that there exists a backward bifurcation which suggests that the disease cannot be eradicated even if the basic reproduction number is less than unity. Global stability of the disease-free equilibrium is investigated for appropriate conditions. When the basic reproduction number is greater than unity, the system is uniformly persistent. The proposed model is applied to describe HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Yunnan province, China. Numerical studies indicate that new cases and prevalence are sensitive to transmission rate, vaccination rate, and vaccine efficacy. The findings suggest that increasing vaccination rate and vaccine efficacy and enhancing interventions like reducing share injectors can greatly reduce the transmission of HIV among IDUs in Yunnan province, China.

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Shah, Nita H., Nisha Sheoran, and Yash Shah. "Dynamics of HIV-TB Co-Infection Model." Axioms 9, no. 1 (March 11, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms9010029.

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According to World Health Organization (WHO), the population suffering from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection over a period of time may suffer from TB infection which increases the death rate. There is no cure for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to date but antiretrovirals (ARVs) can slow down the progression of disease as well as prevent secondary infections or complications. This is considered as a medication in this paper. This scenario of HIV-TB co-infection is modeled using a system of non-linear differential equations. This model considers HIV-infected individual as the initial stage. Four equilibrium points are found. Reproduction number R0 is calculated. If R0 >1 disease persists uniformly, with reference to the reproduction number, backward bifurcation is computed for pre-AIDS (latent) stage. Global stability is established for the equilibrium points where there is no Pre-AIDS TB class, point without co-infection and for the endemic point. Numerical simulation is carried out to validate the data. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine the importance of model parameters in the disease dynamics.

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Twagirumukiza, Gratien, and Edouard Singirankabo. "Mathematical analysis of a delayed HIV/AIDS model with treatment and vertical transmission." Open Journal of Mathematical Sciences 5, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 128–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30538/oms2021.0151.

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None can underestimate the importance of mathematical modelling for their role in clarifying dynamics of epidemic diseases. They can project the progress of the disease and demonstrate the result of the epidemic to public health in order to take precautions. HIV attracts global attention due to rising death rates and economic burdens and many other consequences that it leaves behind. Up to date, there is no medicine and vaccine of HIV/AIDS but still many researches are conducted in order to see how to mitigate this epidemic and reduce the death rate or increase the life expectancy of those who are infected. A delayed HIV/AIDS treatment and vertical transmission model has been investigated. The model took into account both infected people from the symptomatics group and asymptomatic group to join AIDS group. We considered that a child can be infected from the mother to an embryo, fetus or childbirth. Those who are infected, it will take them some time to get mature and spread the disease. By using mathematical model, reproduction number, positivity, boundedness, and stability analysis were determined. The results showed that the model is much productive if time delay is considered.

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Guure, Chris, Stephen Owusu, Samuel Dery, Frances Baaba da-Costa Vroom, and Seth Afagbedzi. "Comprehensive Knowledge of HIV and AIDS among Ghanaian Adults from 1998 to 2014: A Multilevel Logistic Regression Model Approach." Scientifica 2020 (September 22, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7313497.

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Background. In order for stakeholders of HIV and AIDS to effectively plan HIV prevention programs, it is expedient to assess the level of individuals’ knowledge on the most common preventive methods and misconceptions of the HIV virus. This study examines the trends and determinants of comprehensive knowledge (CK) of HIV and AIDS among Ghanaians from 1998–2014. Method. The data used for this study were drawn from the Ghana Demographic Health Surveys (GDHS), 1998–2014. A separate analysis was performed on each survey-year data and GDHS pooled dataset. Additionally, both the male and female datasets were combined. The samples used for the study were 6,389, 10706, 9484, and 13784 representing 1998, 2003, 2008, and 2014, respectively. The pooled dataset consisted of 40363 responses. The Pearson chi-square test and multilevel binary logistic regression analysis were carried out to assess the association between the study variables and CK of HIV and AIDS. Results. CK of HIV and AIDS was found to be lower in women than men (29.24% vs. 37.7%) using the pooled dataset. The Greater Accra region recorded the highest percentage of CK of HIV and AIDS (44.18%), whereas the Northern region recorded the lowest (17.87%) among the 10 administrative regions in Ghana. Comprehensive knowledge of HIV and AIDS was also found to be less likely with an OR of 0.72 (95% CI; 0.65, 0.79, p<0.001) among persons living in rural areas even after controlling for other study variables. There is also a decrease of CK of HIV and AIDS from 37.35% in 2008 to 32.5% in 2014. The lowest percentage (10.75%) of CK of HIV and AIDS among the four survey years was recorded in 1998. Conclusion. There are generally low levels of comprehensive knowledge among the Ghanaian adult population more especially among women. Those residing in rural areas have lower prevalence of CK of HIV and AIDS. To address some of these challenges, there is the need to intensify educational interventions more especially among women and people leaving in rural areas to reverse some of the knowledge gaps and correct the local misconceptions of HIV and AIDS.

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Sutimin, Siti Khabibah, Dita Anies Munawwaroh, and R. Heri Soelistyo U. "Analysis of HIV Transmission of Commercial Sex Wokers and Their Clients with Condom Use Treatment." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912505003.

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A model of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among sex workers and their clients is discussed to study the effects of condom use in the prevention of HIV transmission. The model is addressed to determine the existence of equilibrium states, and then analyze the global stability of disease free and endemic equilibrium states. The global stability of equilibria depends on the vales of the basic reproduction ratio derived from the next generation matrix of the model. The endemic equilibrium state is globally stable when the ratio exceeds unity. The simulation results are presented to discuss the effect of condom use treatment in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS among sex workers and their clients. The results show that the effectiveness level in using condoms in sexual intercourse corresponds to the decreasing level of the spread of HIV/AIDS. We use Maple and Matlab software to simulate the impact of condom use.

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Mahmudah, Nur, and Sukono Sukono. "BAYESIAN REGRESI SURVIVAL PADA PROSES KEJADIAN HIV/AIDS DI JAWA TIMUR." Jurnal Matematika Sains dan Teknologi 21, no. 2 (September 24, 2020): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33830/jmst.v21i2.1427.2020.

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Survival analysis is a statistical procedure that describes a mathematical model that is often applied in various studies, especially in health. One application of survival analysis is to determine the rate of survival and the factors affecting HIV / AIDS sufferers in East Java. HIV / AIDS is a virus that attacks or infects white blood cells, causing a decrease in immune cells. This disease causes a decrease in productivity in the health and economic sectors of a country. Even if the disease continues to increase, the weak economic development will decrease due to the treatment of HIV/AIDS and the risk of death of people infected with the HIV / AIDS virus is getting higher in East Java. In addition to these health and economic quality factors, factors such as residents' knowledge of the disease. By knowing the factors of HIV/AIDS survival rate, mathematical modelling can be done to estimate the duration of the patient's survival power comprehensively and accurately. In this study, we want to find out what factors affect the survival rate of HIV/AIDS using the 3-Parameter Lognormal Survival Link Function model in which the method of parameter estimation used is the Bayesian MCMC-Gibbs Sampling method. The best models is the 3-parameter lognormal survival with frailty that is normally distributed and factors affect the survival rate of HIV/AIDS is education (X3), marital status (X5), Stadium of the patient (X8), adherence of therapy (X10), opportunistic infection (X11) and risk factor of infection (X13). Analisis survival merupakan suatu prosedur statistika yang menjelaskan model matematis yang seringkali diaplikasikan dalam berbagai penelitian, terutama di bidang kesehatan. Salah satu penerapan dari analisis survival adalah untuk mengetahui laju bertahan hidup dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penderita HIV/AIDS di Jawa Timur. Penyakit HIV/AIDS adalah virus yang menyerang atau menginfeksi sel darah putih yang menyebabkan turunnya sel kekebalan tubuh. Penyakit ini mengakibatkan penurunan produktivitas di bidang kesehatan dan ekonomi di suatu negara. Bahkan apabila penyakit ini terus meningkat maka lemahnya perkembangan ekonomi akan menjadi menurun akibat pengobatan penyakit HIV/AIDS dan resiko kematian dari orang yang terinfeksi virus HIV/AIDS tersebut semakin tinggi di Jawa Timur. Disamping faktor kualitas kesehatan dan ekonomi tersebut, faktor seperti pengetahuan warga terhadap penyakit HIV/AIDS. Dengan mengetahui faktor-faktor laju bertahan hidup penyakit HIV/AIDS dapat dilakukan pemodelan matematis untuk memperkirakan durasi daya survival secara aktual, dan komprehensif. Tujuan artikel dalam penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi laju bertahan hidup pasien terhadap penyakit HIV/AIDS dengan menggunakan model Survival Lognormal 3 parameter Link Function. Metode estimasi parameter yang digunakan adalah metode Bayesian MCMC-Gibbs Sampling. Model Survival Lognormal 3 Parameter dengan Frailty yang berdistribusi normal menghasilkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi laju bertahan hidup pasien HIV/AIDS di Jawa Timur adalah pendidikan(X3), status perkawinan (X5), stadium penderita (X8), kepatuhan terapi (X10), infeksi oportunitis (X11) dan resiko penularan (X13).

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Arwiyantasari, Wida Rahma, and Budi Laksana. "The Effect Of The Health Belief Model Approach On The Prevention Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome In Pregnant Women." STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 976–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/sjik.v9i2.403.

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East Java Province is in the top five in which the population is infected with HIV and it is dominated by men. This will worsen the condition of women if infected with pregnant women, so that the pregnant women are also affected by HIV/AIDS infection. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the Health Belief Model approach on the prevention of HIV/AIDS in pregnant women in Madiun City. This type of research was an observational analytic study. The sampling technique used total sampling. The sample size was 80 pregnant women in Madiun City who carried out HIV/AIDS testing. The data collection tool used a questionnaire. The data analysis used Chi-Square and Multiple Logistic Regression analysis. There was a statistically significant effect. Perceived severity, perceived barriers, perceived vulnerability, and perceived benefits affect pregnant women in preventing HIV/AIDS

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Mbitila, Augustine S., and Jean M. Tchuenche. "HIV/AIDS Model with Early Detection and Treatment." ISRN Applied Mathematics 2012 (April 1, 2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/185939.

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A classical epidemiological framework is used to qualitatively assess the impact of early detection and treatment on the dynamics of HIV/AIDS. Within this theoretical framework, two classes of infected populations: those infected but unaware of their serological status and those who are aware of their disease status, are considered. In this context, we formulate and analyze a deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS and assess the potential population-level impact of early detection in curtailing the epidemic. A critical threshold parameter for which case detection will have a positive impact is derived. Model parameters sensitivity analysis indicates that the number of partners is the most sensitive (in increasing the average number of secondary transmission) parameter. However, the case detection coverage is the main drivers in reducing the initial disease transmission. Numerical simulations of the model are provided to support the analytical results. Early detection and treatment alone are insufficient to eliminate the disease, and other control strategies are to be explored.

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Yep, Gust A. "HIV/AIDS in Asian and Pacific Islander Communities in the U.S.: A Review, Analysis, and Integration." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 13, no. 4 (January 1993): 293–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/qkjx-wd2t-c2yb-4wwe.

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In the United States, HIV/AIDS is invisible in Asian and Pacific Islander (A/PI) communities even though it has affected them since 1981. As the AIDS crisis enters its second decade, A/PI communities continue to face a classic Catch-22: They receive modest, if any, funding for services, education, or research because there are relatively few reported Asian AIDS cases, but no one can financially, socially, and ethically afford to wait for an explosion of HIV infection in these communities. This article, using the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM) as an organizing framework, reviews, analyzes, and integrates the current state of knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors associated with HIV/AIDS among Asians and Pacific Islanders. Implications for community health education programs and future directions for research are discussed.

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Okongo, M. O., J. Kirimi, A. L. Murwayi, and D. K. Muriithi. "Mathematical analysis of a comprehensive HIV AIDS model: treatment versus vaccination." Applied Mathematical Sciences 7 (2013): 2687–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ams.2013.13240.

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Li, Qianqian, Shengshan Cao, Xiao Chen, Guiquan Sun, Yunxi Liu, and Zhongwei Jia. "Stability Analysis of an HIV/AIDS Dynamics Model with Drug Resistance." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/162527.

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A mathematical model of HIV/AIDS transmission incorporating treatment and drug resistance was built in this study. We firstly calculated the threshold value of the basic reproductive number (R0) by the next generation matrix and then analyzed stability of two equilibriums by constructing Lyapunov function. WhenR0<1, the system was globally asymptotically stable and converged to the disease-free equilibrium. Otherwise, the system had a unique endemic equilibrium which was also globally asymptotically stable. While an antiretroviral drug tried to reduce the infection rate and prolong the patients’ survival, drug resistance was neutralizing the effects of treatment in fact.

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Cai, Liming, and Jingang Wu. "Analysis of an HIV/AIDS treatment model with a nonlinear incidence." Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 41, no. 1 (July 2009): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2007.11.023.

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Khan, Aziz, J. F. Gómez-Aguilar, Tahir Saeed Khan, and Hasib Khan. "Stability analysis and numerical solutions of fractional order HIV/AIDS model." Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 122 (May 2019): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2019.03.022.

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Cai, Liming, Xuezhi Li, and Jingyuan Yu. "Analysis of a delayed HIV/AIDS epidemic model with saturation incidence." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing 27, no. 1-2 (March 21, 2008): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12190-008-0070-3.

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Journal articles on the topic 'HIV/AIDS model analysis'

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