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1
Weimers-Maasdorp, Delia Angelique. "Evaluating the outcome of voluntary counselling and testing for HIV at the workplace : a Namibian case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6723.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In Namibia the HIV prevalence rate in adults (15 to 45 years of age) is estimated at 18.1%. The first HIV infection in Namibia was reported in 1986 and the epidemic constitutes the biggest developmental challenge for Namibia. Approximately 39 new infections occur every day and approximately 28% of deaths in the country are AIDS-related. The majority of Namibia’s workforce is in the age group of 15 years to 45 years and it can be anticipated that HIV and AIDS will have a major disruptive effect on the country’s workforce as well as its economy over the next two decades. According to the Namibian government, voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV is one of the most effective methods to prevent the spread of the epidemic. With this in mind, this study aims to evaluate the outcome of voluntary counselling and testing at one workplace in Windhoek, Namibia, to see whether VCT provides education as well as whether VCT is a vehicle to promote awareness, good attitudes, intentions and behaviour change. The main purpose of this outcome evaluation is to determine to what extent voluntary counselling and testing at the workplace has led to HIV-related changes in knowledge, attitudes, behaviour and practises. Although the majority of respondents indicated that their knowledge of HIV had increased after their participation in the VCT programme, upon closer analysis it was evident that participants who had a secondary or higher level of education had more knowledge, or had had more of a knowledge increase, than participants with a primary or lower level of education. From the research findings, it appeared that the voluntary counselling and testing had helped participants to identify their individual risks, as their self-reported risk perceptions with regard to becoming infected with HIV and/or a sexually transmitted disease increased after their participation in the VCT. There was also evidence that participants implemented risk reduction plans after the voluntary counselling and testing, as the percentage of participants who had casual sex partners decreased while the percentage of participants who had not had casual sex partners in the previous six months increased. It can be concluded that the general attitude amongst employees towards HIV-positive people is relatively non-discriminatory. However, it seems that the VCT was not as successful in transferring information and education on HIV amongst employees with lower education levels than amongst their peers with higher levels of education, and employees with primary or lower education levels appear not to have benefited much from the intervention in terms of an increase in knowledge. It is recommended that voluntary counselling and testing be provided to the employees at the company on a regular basis, not only because employees have requested it, but also to monitor whether the voluntary counselling and testing for HIV at the company has had the desired effects on the employees, especially with regard to effecting an increase in knowledge, a reduction of stigma and discriminatory attitudes, and the desired behaviour change amongst participants.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Namibië word die MIV voorkomssyfer onder volwassenes (ouderdom 15 tot 45 jaar) op 18,1% geskat. Die eerste MIV-geval in Namibië is in 1986 aangemeld en vertoonwoordig die land se grootste ontwikkelingsuitdaging met ongeveer 39 nuwe infeksies daagliks en ongeveer 28% van sterftes in die land wat VIGS-verwant is. Die meerderheid van Namibië se werksmag val in die ouderdomsgroep 15 tot 45 jaar en daar kan verwag word dat MIV en VIGS oor die volgende twee dekades grootskaalse ontwrigting op die land se werksmag sowel as sy ekonomie gaan veroorsaak. Volgens die Namibiese regering is vrywillige berading en toetsing (VBT) een van die mees doeltreffende metodes om die verspreiding van die epidemie te verhoed. Gedagtig hieraan het hierdie navorsingsprojek dit ten doel om die uitkomste van vrywillige berading en toetsing by een werksplek in Windhoek, Namibië, te evalueer ten einde te bepaal of VBT opvoedkundig is en of dit bewuswording, gesonde houdings, voornemens en gedragsverandering bevorder. Die hoofdoelwit van hierdie uitkomsevaluering is om die mate waartoe vrywillige berading en toetsing tot verandering in kennis, houding, gedrag en praktyke gelei het, te bepaal. Alhoewel die meerderheid respondente aangedui het dat hulle kennis na VBT verbeter het, het dit by nadere ondersoek geblyk dat deelnemers wat sekondêre of hoëronderwys gehad het, oor meer kennis beskik het of hul kennis meer uitgebrei het as respondente wat slegs 'n primêre of laer vlak van onderwys gehad het. Uit die navorsingsbevindings blyk dit dat daar onder deelnemers aan vrywillige berading en toetsing 'n toename in die self-aangemelde risiko-persepsie van besmetting met HIV en/of geslagsoordraagbare siektes na hul deelname aan VBT was. Daar was ook bewyse dat deelnemers na die vrywillige berading en toetsing risikoverminderingsplanne geïmplementeer het, omdat daar 'n afname was in die persentasie deelnemers wat informele seksmaats gehad het, sowel as 'n toename in deelnemers wat geen informele seksmaats in die vorige ses maande gehad het nie. Daar kan tot die slotsom gekom word dat werknemers se houding teenoor MIV-positiewe mense oor die algemeen betreklik nie-diskriminerend is. Dit blyk egter asof VBT ten opsigte van die oordrag van inligting en opvoeding oor MIV aan werknemers met laer vlakke van onderwys nie so geslaagd was nie omdat werknemers met primêre of 'n laer vlak van opleiding nie veel by die ingrypaksie gebaat het in terme van ‘n toename in kennis nie. Daar word aanbeveel dat vrywillige berading en toetsing op 'n gereelde grondslag aan werknemers by die maatskappy aangebied moet word, nie bloot omdat werknemers daarvoor gevra het nie, maar ook om te bepaal of vrywillige berading en toetsing vir MIV by die maatskappy die gewenste uitwerking op die werknemers gehad het, veral met betrekking tot die uitbou van kennis, 'n afname in stigmatisering en diskriminerende houdings, en 'n toename in die gewenste gedragsverandering onder deelnemers.
jfl2011
Imported from http://etd.sun.ac.za
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Klerck, Gilton-Georg. "Fractured solidarities: labour regulation, workplace restructuring, and employment 'flexibility' in Namibia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004898.
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A central concern of this thesis is the expansion, distribution and control of 'non-standard' employment in Namibia since independence. The employment relationship has assumed various historical forms under capitalism, each of which corresponds to a specific mode of regulation with distinct structural dynamics. An attempt is made to extend the regulation approach 'downwards' to account for the problem of order in the workplace and to place the employment relationship within its own regulatory framework. The point of departure in this study of the dynamics of labour regulation is the contradictory nature of labour's incorporation, allocation, control and reproduction within the labour market. The employment relationship is never only an economic exchange, but is also mediated through an institutional framework that connects the processes of production and social reproduction, and regulates conflicting interests inside and outside the workplace. This relationship, as critical realists have pointed out, is a product of the indeterminate intersection of several generative structures. The roots of these generative structures can be traced to three sets of social processes: the processes of production and the structuring of labour demand; the processes of social reproduction and the structuring of labour supply; and the forces of regulation. Non-standard employment is viewed as a particular social and spatio-temporal 'fix' for the various regulatory dilemmas generated by the standard employment relationship. This conception underscores the fact that a national system of labour regulation decisively shapes the conditions under which employers are able to casualise a part of their workforce. The differential experience across national boundaries suggests that analytical space needs to be provided for systems of labour market regulation which may either accentuate or moderate pressures for casualisation. Segmentation on the demand side of the labour market is explored through an analysis of the types of non-standard jobs created in different economic sectors. The various forms of employment 'flexibility' tend to vary in importance according to the specific manner in which a firm chooses to compete. Consequently, non-standard employees are distributed in a complex and uneven manner across industrial sectors and the occupational hierarchy, and face a diverse range of possibilities and liabilities that shape their levels and forms of participation in the labour market. By counteracting the homogenisation effects of labour law and collective bargaining, the mobilisation of cheap and disposable labour through non-standard employment contracts allows employers much greater discretion in constructing the wage-effort bargain. With non-standard employment, social and statutory regulation is weak or underdeveloped and hence managerial control is autocratic, with a significant contractual component. Although the changing social composition of the workforce associated with employment 'flexibility' poses serious challenges to the modes of organisation that have long served the labour movement, trade unions in Namibia and elsewhere have been slow to respond to the threats of casualisation. Of concern here, is the extent to which attempts to promote the security of existing union members is compatible with attempts to organise non-standard employees. This thesis shows that the unions have developed a complex amalgam of strategies in their efforts to regulate non-standard employment relationships.
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Uugwanga, Iyaloo Tulonga. "Sexuality, HIV and AIDS education in Oshikoto region, Namibia: exploring young people’s voices." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13403.
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The HIV and AIDS epidemic remains a major health concern among the Namibian population despite interventions to mitigate it. The creation of awareness about the epidemic through school curricula is one of the government’s interventions. However, the provision of Sexuality, HIV and AIDS education in schools today is based on adult ideas of what they feel is right for young people to learn. This leave learners vulnerable and inadequately supported regarding possible questions they may have in this context. With vast amount and variety of conflicting information available to young people regarding their sexuality; and how their sexuality can and should be expressed, some of this information leads them to engage in risky behaviours that exposes them to HIV infection. Hence the need to involve young people in the development of the curriculum, to meet their educational needs in context of sexuality, HIV and AIDS. In this study, evidence for including learners in the construction of educational content regarding sexuality education is sought. This qualitative study used a phenomenological research design, interpretive paradigm and a participatory arts-based research methodology. Drawings, Vignettes (Agony Aunt) and follow-up focus group discussions were used to generate data with junior and senior learners, aged 15-24, from two secondary schools situated in the Oshikoto region of Namibia. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system theory and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory underpinned and decipher the findings of this study. The findings revealed that the school curriculum has informed learners on Sexuality, HIV and AIDS matters. The data generated about what they want to learn revealed that there is a need for more information on matters of sexuality, HIV and AIDS, which are not provided by the current education system. The data also revealed that the information that young people are exposed to is mostly associated with myths and misconceptions. This study thus recommends that a more comprehensive sexuality education, which takes into account learners’ needs, be provided in order for them to be guided appropriately on issues concerning their sexuality in the context of HIV and AIDS, so that we can move towards as HIV free world.
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Hirbod, Sam, and Cecilia Lindqvist. "Improving health promotional workplace programs : A study of HIV/AIDS workplace programs in Kenya." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-72875.
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Background: HIV/AIDS is believed to be one of the largest threats to the general business climates in Sub-Saharan Africa. The private sector has, in response, taken initiatives to reduce the impact of the epidemic by developing so called HIV/AIDS workplace programmes. The programs aim to create awareness regarding HIV/AIDS through the education and treatment of the disease. We want to examine the programs and discover the factors that may inhibit their implementation and progress, this, in order to improve the stability of the HIV/AIDS workplace programs. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis is to examine and investigate HIV/AIDS workplace programs, with the purpose of disclosing the primary factors that may affect their progress. Completion and results: This thesis demonstrates that the implementation and progress of HIV/AIDS workplace programs are highly affected by leadership, management, motivation and stigma. Managers, acting as role models, increase the employees’ motivation to participate in the workplace programs. In addition, their involvement helps to ensure the stability and progress of the workplace programs. The systematization of activities and allocation of resources, such as money and time, also play a significant part, regarding employee motivation. This in turn results in a higher level of employee participation. Due to tough market conditions and lack of clarity, concerning the relation between HIV/AIDS and productivity, managers often fail to invest the necessary resources needed, to ensure the stability of the HIV/AIDS workplace program. The involvement of managers and spread of information has a significant effect on stigma, decreasing the many false beliefs prevalent due to religion and culture. Based on the findings, theoretical as well as empirical, the lack of leadership and management, decrease in motivation and HIV/AIDS-related stigma are referred to as the three main obstacles which hinder the progress of HIV/AIDS workplace programs. HIV/AIDS is one of the world’s largest health problems, around 16 million children died, in 2009, due to the illness (The World Factbook 2011). 32 million individuals are infected, of which the majority live in Sub-Saharan Africa (The World Factbook 2011). Kenya is one of the most affected countries in the world. The lack of coordination of resources has resulted in a staggering limitation, only 5 percent of the Kenyan population receives sufficient aid (United States Agency International Development 2010). With the help of the workplace programs, instituted by the companies themselves, a new channel of reaching out to those in need has been opened. In this thesis, focus is laid upon HIV/AIDS workplace programs, which aim to spread information and treat HIV/AIDS. Attention has especially been given to the factors which affect the implementation and progress of the HIV/AIDS workplace programs. The found factors, especially those which affect the workplace programs negatively, are used in order to form proposals regarding how to overcome the obstacles. The proposals are based on empirical findings and theoretical framework. These are later developed further, by the authors, in order to reach congruence with the main purpose of the thesis; to examine and investigate HIV/AIDS workplace programs, with the purpose of disclosing the primary factors that may affect their progress.
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Matengu, Barbara. "The importance of STI treatment in HIV prevention: knowledge and behaviours of secondary school students in Tsumeb, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8923_1182746437.
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Curricula should be strengthened by teaching the curability of STIs and the importance of STI treatment to prevent HIV transmission. This study focused on the control of sexually transmitted infections as a key HIV prevention strategy. Sexually transmitted infections act as a strong cofactor in the sexual transmission of HIV. Effective STI management can limit the spread of HIV.
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Rangoato, Sello Joshua. "Discrimination based on HIV/AIDS status in the workplace." Thesis, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1108.
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Thesis (LLM. (Labour Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013This mini-dissertation outlines the protection of rights of people living with HIV/AIDS in the workplace. It will highlight the fact that people living with HIV/AIDS can perform the work as long as they medically fit. It will show the need to promote anti discriminatory laws in the workplace. People think that HIV/AIDS can be transmitted through casual contact but that will be shown in the study that HIV/AIDS can not be transmitted by casual contact. The mini-dissertation also outlines the need to educate employees about their rights more particularly those living with HIV/AIDS in the workplace. Therefore policies such as affirmative action must be implemented to affirm several advantages to people living with HIV/AIDS. Equality is what people must enjoy in the country in terms of section 9 of the Constitution including people living with HIV/AIDS.
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Mackay, Hayley. "Critical analysis of employer’s workplace policies towards HIV positive employees." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27261.
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The courts approach to HIV positive employees will be studied as they give a rough This dissertation takes its focus from the plight of millions of South Africans living with HIV/AIDS. HIV sufferers count for 11.2 percent of our entire population. It has furthermore been predicted that in the next 10 years to come, 40 to 50 percent of the current workforce will be lost to HIV/AIDS.1 Only certain people qualify for free government issued anti-retrovirals (HIV/AIDS medication), this leaves a large portion of people unable to afford their much needed medication. This ultimately leads to them becoming very ill and often unable to work. These statistics do not leave the South African employment situation with great confidence. Much legislation has been promulgated that prohibits the discrimination of those suffering from the disease and this legislation and its impact will be analyzed to see if it does meet the current needs of those suffering from HIV/AIDS. What will be discussed is how this legislation does not make available for the mechanism for employers to provide either the treatment or the access to a medical aid for their employees suffering from HIV. The cost of such a provision of treatment will be a great expense to any employer, especially those of a smaller nature. What will be dealt with is ways in which to encourage employers to implement such a scheme, through tax rebates and seeing the financial benefits of implementing such an arrangement. The provision of treatment encourages a better working relationship and reduces, amongst other things, the cost of staff replacement. The Labour Relations Act2 does offer employer’s guidelines as to how HIV positive employees should be handled at the workplace. However these are just guidelines. What will be examined is how such a policy can be implemented in any workplace, the contents of such a policy and benefits of it being a compulsory workplace addition. Successful workplace policies and legislative guidelines will be used to create an ideal HIV workplace policy model. The courts approach to HIV positive employees will be studied as they give a rough indication of whether HIV positive person’s rights are being affected at the workplace. This will dictate to us whether there is a need for improvement and to what extent. What will be seen is that there are large gaps in the South African employment arena. HIV positive employees are falling through these gaps with no protection and no one willing to take on the challenge of helping to improve their lives.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Public Law
unrestricted
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Nashandi, Johanna Christa Ndilimeke. "Experiences and coping strategies of women living with HIV/AIDS: case study of Khomas region, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2002. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This study focuses on the impact of HIV/AIDS on women in Namibia. Namibia, with a population of only 1.7 million people, is ranked as the seventh highest country in the world in terms of HIV/AIDS infections. The percentage of women living with HIV/AIDS in Namibia accounts for 54% of the total of 68 196 people in the country living with the virus. Women are also diagnosed with the disease at a younger age (30) in comparison to their male counterparts (35 years). Desoite their needs, women living with HIV/AIDS bear a triple burden of caring for those living with HIV/AIDS, caring for themselves and coping with the responses to their infection. There are few focused intervention strategies to support and care for women living with HIV/AIDS in Namibia.
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Barstow, Alan P. "Amen denying and defying HIV/AIDS in a Namibian village /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594487771&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Hofer, Christine. "HIV, Aids in Namibia eine Analyse unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Prävention und der Situation von Frauen." Linz Trauner, 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2718199&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Kau, Mabebe Mary. "The experiences of employees living with HIV regarding the Swedish Workplace HIV and AIDS Programme." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60370.
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To have an effective response to the AIDS pandemic, interventions need to address the root causes of risk and vulnerability to HIV, including socio-cultural norms relating to the sexual behavior of men and women, but also the issue of access to education, information on prevention and health services, as well as opportunities for descent work (ILO, 2011:iii). There is a realization that each part of everyday life is affected by the disease including the workplace. Therefore measures to sustain workplaces and prolong the productive work life of People living with HIV, must be taken to great levels in the workplace. The delay by the government and the private sector response in South Africa contributed to the impact of the disease in the loss of productivity.
There is a realization that through the availability of treatment, people living with HIV and AIDS can prolong their productive lives, however there is still an increased need for education, protection of rights and support from both workplaces and families. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of the Swedish company employees living with HIV and AIDS with regards to the Swedish Workplace HIV and AIDS Programme (SWHAP). A qualitative approach using a phenomenological design was the most appropriate for this study using in-depth interviews. The approach was used with the purpose of describing and understanding the complexity of the phenomenon from the participants' point of view, which in this study refers to employees who are HIV infected. To achieve the aims and objectives, one question was put forward to all participants: "What are the experiences of Swedish company employees living with HIV and AIDS regarding the Swedish Workplace HIV and AIDS Programme?" Non-probability purposive sampling was used since it was the sampling method that gave the researcher the opportunity to use her judgment. The following selection criteria was used: employees of a Swedish company in South Africa, who have been diagnosed HIV-positive, who have participated in the Swedish HIV and AIDS Workplace Programme and of any race, culture, gender or age. English was the language of first choice, however where necessary Sepedi, Setswana, Xhosa, Zulu, which researcher is conversant in was used. Nine participants were interviewed using semi-structured one-to-one interviews. The interview schedule was used to provide the researcher with a set of predetermined questions which served as an instrument to engage the participants. Furthermore each interview was voice recorded with the permission of the participants to ensure that the researcher had an accurate reference point. Through the semi-structured interviews, the interviews were transcribed and the following themes were generated. Theme one: knowledge of the Swedish Workplace HIV and AIDS Programme; theme two: sense of security about procedures of SWHAP; theme three: support services from SWHAP; and theme four: emotional experiences.
Subsequently, conclusions that were made from the findings were:
All participants expressed their satisfaction with the support they received from the workplace structures such as management especially the clinic nurses. There was however the observation that most participants had not disclosed their HIV status to the other co-workers, which led to the conclusion that there may still be issues with stigma in their workplaces. The experiences felt by the participants were also attributed to lack of knowledge of the SWHAP as a funding organization, but can associate it with HIV knowledge transference in the workplace, which needs to be addressed by the application of the recommendations made.
Several recommendations were made to the respective workplaces and in particular the SWHAP, including that employees living with HIV need to be involved in every step of implementation of the programme in order to feel supported. Companies need to invest in continuous training of health care professionals and social workers (if any), and peer educators on the new clinical management of people living with HIV, to enable them to be up to date with the developments. Peer educators need to be provided with continuous training in educating and supporting their peers and giving of information at their level in a confidential manner. Policies should be updated regularly to ensure compliance with the legislations regulating decent work for People living with HIV.Mini Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Social Work and Criminology
MSW
Unrestricted
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Alagbe, A. O. "Quality improvement cycle in Opuwo district hospital HIV/AIDS clinic, Kunene region, Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97214.
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The study aimed to assess and improve the quality of care for Opuwo District Hospital HIV/AIDS clinic in Namibia. Currently, there is no literature available on the quality of care for the HIV/AIDS clinic at primary level in Namibia.
Opuwo District has one of the lowest prevalence rates of HIV/AIDS in Namibia with 8.8% among ANC patients. A total of 1714 HIV positive patients are enrolled at Opuwo District Hospital HIV/AIDS clinic and 109 (6.36%) of them are defaulting treatment. Based on these statistics, I decided to do a quality improvement cycle of the HIV clinic system to see if it would improve adherence. Adherence will improve if the quality of care rendered to patients is standard (18).
Aim and Objectives
The aim of the research is to improve the quality of care for patients on ARVs, with concern for factors influencing adherence in Opuwo district Hospital.
The objectives are as follow:
1) To evaluate the quality of care that was given to patient registered at Opuwo HIV/AIDS clinic since 2007
2) To correct inadequacies discovered during initial evaluation of the clinic to improve the quality of care
3) To evaluate if corrected inadequacies have led to improved quality
Method
The study design is a quality improvement cycle
The quality improvement cycle done was a teamwork that involved trained nurses in HIV, data clerk, counsellors, trained pharmacist in ARV therapy and a doctor. This team audited care rendered by looking at the structure, process and outcome of the care given at the clinic; then inadequacies discovered were corrected and the whole system was re-audited to see if there is improvement.
The study population was patients attending HIV/AIDS clinic since 2007 until date and the sample size was fifty with selection made by random sample using simple proportion (HIVQUAL system that was automatically programmed to calculate sample size based on the population of patients entered into the system).
Data on structure was carried out prospectively by observing what is on the ground in term of equipment, staff, tools etc. Data for proper documentation, weight checked at every visit, clinical staging at every visit, counselling at every visit, TB screening etc and outcome (regular in clinic attendance, viral load below 1000 after 6months on HAART, etc) were audited retrospectively using patient’s file.
Results
Using chi-square test to analyse the data, the intervention was successful because the P-values were less than 0.05 in most of the indicators audited for process and outcome.
It was found that after the intervention (in-service training, re-enforce proper documentation, re-enforce health education by all staff not limit it to counsellors alone, wall poster to remind staff on ordering investigation for CD4, viral load when due and follow up results by doctor or nurses, weigh check for all patients before starting consultation, doctor and nurses should prescribe IPT, Co-trimoxazole and multivitamins) was made, adherence improved from 46% to 82% and opportunistic infection declined below 15%.
Conclusion
The quality improvement cycle enabled simple changes like in-service training, re-enforcement of health education by all staff, etc to be made at the clinic, which lead to appreciable quality improvement over a short period.
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Musumali, Rose M. "HIV disclosure in the workplace amongst public service workers in Zambia." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4645.
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Masters of Public Health - see Magister Public HealthWith a prevalence of 14.3% among the 15-49 years age group, HIV/AIDS still constitutes a significant challenge in Zambia. In order to respond to the impact of HIV/AIDS within the workplace, government ministries have developed HIV-focused workplace policies and programmes that provide HIV/AIDS services. However, despite their availability, the number of employees accessing the services, especially those targetting HIV positive workers remains low. The fear (either perceived or real) of disclosing an HIV positive status is one likely reason for the low uptake of services. HIV-positive status disclosure is an important public health goal as it can create opportunities for an individual to access information and social and medical support, and this will affect career and workload related decisions. This exploratory, qualitative study aims to identify and describe the HIV-disclosure experiences of 12 openly HIV-positive Zambian public sector workers living in Lusaka and working in four Zambian Ministries. Both male and female public sector workers were interviewed. The participants’ experiences of disclosing their HIV positive status in the workplace were explored in depth in this study. With the aim of providing those responsible for overseeing and managing the Zambian public sector HIV workplace initiatives with some practical recommendations regarding the disclosure support needed by HIV-positive public sector workers. The study found that whilst participants had an initial fear of disclosing their HIVpositive status in the workplace, their HIV disclosure actually proved to be very beneficial. Not only did it allow their health-related needs (such as accessing medication and visiting a doctor) to be met, but their disclosure also encouraged others to also disclose their status. The recommendations are are aimed at creating a supportive working environment for people living with HIV within the Zambian public service, and offering suggestions to their managers on how best to support the process of disclosure amongst their staff.
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Sloan, Nicola. "Evaluation of an HIV peer education programme in the workplace." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9367.
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Bibliography: p. 113-118.The private sector in South Africa has a keen interest in ensuring that all employees are fully educated on issues related to HIV/AIDS (especially transmission mechanisms) to avoid losing a large proportion of the workforce and incurring a subsequent drop in productivity. In 1977, Woolworths, a South African retail company, implemented an HIV peer education programme for its employees. The broad aim of the programme is to reduce the HIV infection rate among staff by providing educational material on safe sexual practices, discussing various issues connected to HIV such as sexuality and modes of transmission and by providing free condoms to staff. The objective of this study is to provide a thorough and realistic evaluation of the Woolworths HIV/AIDS peer education programme. A formal evaluation is required to understand the current position of the programme and to determine its future direction.
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Shangula, Maria N. "Factors affecting voluntary counseling and HIV testing among pregnant women in Tsumeb district, Oshikoto region, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5201_1183462266.
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Increased uptake of VCT services by pregnant women may be attributed to the development of counseling services and increased availability of rapid tests at the study clinics by the Namibian Health and Social Services. A high knowledge and understanding of HIV and VCT services by pregnant women also probably contributed.
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Samatanga, Fortune. "Factors influencing HIV positive individuals attending anti-retroviral therapy (ARV) clinic at Katutura Hospital (Windhoek, Namibia) to disclose or not to disclose their HIV status to their sexual partners." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86241.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There have been new infections of HIV despite campaigns aimed at arresting the further spread of the epidemic particularly the new infections. This study sought to investigate whether HIV positive individuals disclose their status to their sexual partners. The study looked at both longtime partners and casual partners. The overall aim was to find the factors that contribute to non-disclosure or to disclosure to sexual partners by HIV positive individuals. The specific objectives were to identify prevailing levels of HIV sero-status disclosure among people living with HIV who were attending the ARV clinic; to identify people living with HIV’s attitude towards HIV status disclosure; to establish factors contributing to disclosure or non-disclosure among people living with HIV; to establish if there is a difference between disclosure rates between ‘long time’ sex partners and casual/’once-off’ sex partners and to provide guidelines to counsellors on how to educate HIV positive people on disclosure. The objectives were achieved by using a quantitative research design through the use of questionnaires targeting 50 HIV positive individuals attending the ARV clinic at Katutura Hospital in Windhoek Namibia. The questionnaire was self-administered and consisted of close-ended questions and one open-ended question which helped collect the quantitative data. The quantitative data was then analyzed using statistical tools (graphs, tables and charts). Results showed that HIV positive individuals are aware of the importance of disclosure. The results showed that majority of the participants did not disclose for fear of abandonment. Some did not disclose because they thought that their partner was also already infected. As for casual sex partners, some did not disclose because they wanted ‘to infect someone since they were also infected by someone’. Some said that they were drunk and hence did not disclose. Participants disclosed because they wanted moral support, they did not want to infect their partners and that they wanted their partners to get tested as well. One of the recommendations was that there is a need to encourage couple counselling in cases of married couples or ‘live-in’ couples to reduce the need for disclosure. It was also recommended that HIV/AIDS health workers need special training to enhance their skills on how to educate HIV positive individuals about disclosure. The link between risky sexual behavior and alcohol abuse was highlighted and it was recommended that there is a need to educate people, particular teenagers, the link between the two.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was die bepaling van die mate waartoe persone wat MIV-positief is en klinieke bywoon hulle MIV-status bekendmaak. Die studie is by die Katutura hospitaal in Windhoek, Namibië gedoen en 50 MIV-positiewe pasiënte is as steekproef gebruik. ‘n Vraelys wat die pasiënte self ingevul het is in die studie gebruik en data is op ‘n beskrywende wyse ontleed. Resultate het aangetoon dat MIV-positiewe pasiënte wel bewus is van die belangrikheid om hulle MIV-status bekend te maak. Laasgenoemde pasiënte doen dit egter nie, hoofsaaklik uit vrees vir stigma, diskriminasie en verwerping. Sommige pasiënte maak ook nie hulle status bekend nie omdat hulle bloot aanvaar dat die persoon met wie hulle saambly ook MIV-positief is en die bekendmaking van status dus onbelangrik is. Een van die belangrikste aanbevelings wat in die studie gemaak word is dat getroude paartjies aangemoedig moet word om MIV-voorligting by te woon, hulle te laat toets en hulle status bekend te maak. Dit word ook verder aanbeveel dat MIV/Vigs-gesondheidswerkers spesiale opleiding moet kry in hoe om persone wat MIV-positief is te oorreed om hulle MIV-status bekend te maak. Die studie sluit af deur te wys op die belangrike verwantskap tussen seksuele risikogedrag en die misbruik van alkohol. Daar word sterk gepleit dat die gemeenskap, en veral tienderjariges, bewus gemaak moet word van hierdie gevaar.
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Haipinge, Emilie. "An investigation into the school experiences of HIV-positive secondary school learners on ARV treatment in Katutura, Windhoek." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004334.
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What are the school experiences of HIV-positive secondary school learners on ARV treatment? Although the provision of life-saving antiretroviral (ARV) treatment is central in the medical and policy response to the HIV pandemic, relatively little research (in the SADC region and in Namibia particularly) attends to people’s experiences and the social effects of taking ARV treatment. This study probed the experiences of high school learners on ARV treatment in Khomas Region, Namibia. As researcher I used a qualitative case study design based mainly on interviews with a purposive, select sample of eight learners at the school where I am a teacher-counsellor. Methods used also included: observations; focus group interviews with eight teachers at the site school; a questionnaire survey with Life Skills teachers from 25 schools in the Khomas Region; and document analysis. Using a theory of health-related stigma and discrimination as well as perspectives on resilience and agency as conceptual and analytical lenses, this study found that only a handful of these learners were living openly with HIV and AIDS. Being both HIV-positive and on ARV medication was a double bind for learners facing pervasive stigma and discrimination in and out of school. Discourses associated with HIV and AIDS, sex, and sexuality shaped people’s response to them and they feared being ‘caught out’. Here the study explores the complex reciprocal relationship between cause and effect in stigma, showing some consequences for these learners: isolation (both voluntary and imposed), mental anguish, depression and suicidal leanings; also (at school) absenteeism, grade repetition and dropout. Distinguishing stigma from discrimination in this study enabled insight into actual practices that constrain learner participation and inclusion in and out of school. Trust between learners on ARVs and teachers proved to be low. Teacher respondents not only felt unequipped to deal with the psychosocial needs of learners on ARVs but also indicated that confronting these needs animated their personal vulnerability (around HIV-related experiences in their own families). However, hopeful patterns also emerged. Some mediatory factors out of school shaped these learners’ experiences and identities positively, with implications for in-school experiences and participation. Some learner journeys reflected shifts from deep despair towards the emergence of voice, positive self-concepts and resilient dispositions. Here, also, this study enters a neglected area of research, showing how the complex interplay of learners’ own agency with social support brought these positive outcomes. Most learners had experienced rejection from immediate family, receiving support rather from community members who became ‘family’. The study thus also raises pressing questions on the nature of support structures (both in and out of school) in contexts shaped by HIV and AIDS, where stigma and discrimination are pervasive and where stable family structures, parental oversight and ‘normal’ progression through school cannot be assumed. It recommends that schools gain better insight into how learners’ circumstances shape their experiences, and develop internal policies, procedures and networks to reduce stigma and discrimination against HIV-positive learners on ARV treatment, as well as. ensuring material, medical, emotional, and psychological support for them.
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Liswaniso, Christine Mulemwa. "The effect of corruption on HIV/AIDS donor funds a case study of Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98121.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study is qualitative research that aims to identify the effect of corruption on HIV/AIDS donor funds in Namibia in order to provide guidelines to policy makers in relations to the regulation of HIV/IDS donor funding. Henceforth, in–depth interviews with open ended questions were used with Government, civil society and donor agencies’ senior officials to obtain data. Additionally, institutional permission was granted from the identified institutions who participated in the research. An inductive analysis was used which required data to be categorised and developing themes from the data. Respondents reported lack of national donor specifications in the field of HIV/AIDS as a serious problem to donor funds in Namibia. However, respondents indicated their organisations had proper management systems in place which included, annual audits, sufficient personnel and monitoring and evaluation. Withdrawal of donor funding has been on the increase due to corrupt practices in some funded organisation and this is mostly affecting people living with HIV/AIDS. Respondent reported there is a need to strengthen the existing umbrella body and improve accountability. The findings of the study show the effect of corruption on HIV/AIDS donor funds in Namibia is the withdrawal of HIV/AIDS donor supports by several donor agencies which has led to numerous donor funded institutions closing down and a number of employee losing their employment. Lack of national HIV/AIDS donor specifications is viewed as a loophole for corruption for many funded organisations as there are no national accountability systems in place in relation to HIV/AIDS donor funds in Namibia.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nie beskikbaar.
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Haipinge, Rauha. "Woman vulnerability to HIV/AIDS : an investigation into women's conceptions and experiences in negotiating sex and safe sex in Okalongo constituency, Omusati Region, Namibia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004337.
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This study emerged from the high prevalence rate of HIV and AIDS infection among women in Sub-Saharan Africa, which has no exception to Namibia. Women have been vulnerable to HIV and AIDS let alone on sex related issues since the epidemic emerged, but not research has been done specifically to Okalongo women. The way in which women vulnerable to HIV and AIDS infection were explored by examined social and cultural identities that affect women’s sexual relations in negotiating sex and safe sex. Qualitative study on a sample of fifteen women was conducted in Okalongo. The purpose of this study was to investigate the conceptions and experiences of women in negotiating sex and safe sex with their husband and partners. Feminist theory guided the methodology and analysis of data. I assumed that gender roles andsexuality are socially constructed, shaped by religion, social, political, and economic influences and modified throughout life. Feminist theory assisted in documentary the ways in which the female’s gender and sexuality in Okalongo is shaped by cultural influences and by institutions that disadvantage female and other oppressed groups by silencing their voices. The feminist further guided the discussion of the contradicting messages about women’s sexuality and their experiences, as women complied, conformed and even colluded with their oppression. To address the issue under study, the primary analysis of data from the focus group discussion and individual interview were utilised. The following themes were the heart of analysis: Women Positionality, Normalisation and Compliance, Women Agency and Male Dominance Power, Women Perceptions of Risk, Sex Education in and out of school among Women.In this study the data suggested that women in Okalongo are more vulnerable to their lack of assertiveness, as they have difficult in developing an authoritative voice, they tend to be humble about their achievements and knowledge and to only assertively when concerned about others. The findings supported the literature that women’s vulnerability is strongly influenced and tied by broader forces present in the society. Women’s vulnerability is real and needs to be tackled for any progress to occur in the fight against AIDS. Until factors that constraints and enabling women agency to negotiate sex and safe sex acknowledged and addressed, women will continue to succumb to the HIV pandemic.
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Olabanji, Nelson Oladejo. "Factors associated with adherence to anti-retroviral therapy in Katima Mulilo hospital, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4138.
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Magister Public Health - MPHNamibia is one of the countries in the world most affected by HIV/AIDS with the national prevalence of 18.8% in 2010. In 2010, it was reported that an estimated 180,000 Namibians were living with HIV/AIDS; of which 95,000 adult women, 69,000 adult men and 16,000 children. An estimated 6,700 deaths was recorded in 2009 with an estimated number of 70,000 orphans due to the disease. The introduction of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in public health facilities in Namibia in 2003 has improved the quality of lives of patients with advanced HIV disease, prolonged their lives and enabled them to be economically productive. By 2010 about 90,000 patients were enrolled on ART program in all 34 district hospitals and 3 intermediate referrer hospitals. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is a key attribute of clinical HIV care and the overall determining factor in gauging the effectiveness of treatment. Good adherence to ART is vital to sustain low viral loads and prevent the development of drug resistant HIV strains. Although the patient retention rate on ART at the Katima Mulilo Hospital was 98.3%, with increased patient uptake to the program in future, there is a need to be aware of factors that influence adherence to ART as such findings could inform the expanded ART program in Caprivi region. An explorative, qualitative study was conducted where in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 ART patients and key informants interviews with 2 health workers. Data were audiotape recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic and content analysis of transcribed data was performed.
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Reed, Joel Christian. "Hiv/aids workplace interventions in south africa and the united states." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001117.
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Nepaya, Magdalena Ndapewa. "Acceptability of medical male circumcision among men in Engela district of the Ohangwena region, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4426.
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Magister Artium - MAThis study focused on acceptability of medical male circumcision (MMC) in Ohangwena region, Namibia. Since the scaling up of this program in public hospitals, no study was done with a specific focus on men who are the target population for this intervention. This study aimed at exploring the role of masculinities in MMC acceptance and specifically focused on circumcised men. To understand this context, I initially focused on general constructions of masculinity as well as the historical background of ritual circumcision which used to be practiced in this region. I spent three months at Engela District Hospital working with the male circumcision (MC) regional coordinator who is also the MC Nurse at the same hospital. Data collection process utilised an ethnographic study design involving qualitative research methods namely participant observation, formal and informal interviews and the use of field notes. Participants included men who visited the hospital for circumcision procedure, health workers and community elders. Findings indicate that, circumcision that is now offered in hospital settings is not a recognised marker of masculinity in Ohangwena. There is also paucity of information regarding traditional circumcision. Since its abolishment in the eighteenth century, little is known about the history of this practice. Contemporary means of being a man in this setting are situated in everyday circumstances and include work, being strong, independent and ability to fulfil family responsibilities. Thus, in this context notions of masculinity do not determine men’s responses to MMC. Instead, men are motivated by health benefits in accepting MMC. MMC’s proven ability to reduce HIV transmission by 60% is the primary reason why most men are willing to be circumcised. Other reasons include genital hygiene and correction of medical conditions related to the foreskin such as ulcers and lacerations. Men’s knowledge and understanding of the relationship between MC and HIV prevention also plays a role in MMC acceptance. Some concerns that were raised by men in relation to this intervention are pain and discomfort, fear of complications, decreased penile sensitivity, transfer of untruthful information and gender of circumciser. I regard these concerns as barriers to MMC acceptance. This thesis also argues that, the manner in which MMC is performed out in public health facilities in not gender sensitive since it is mostly done by women. This act in my view is likely to make men feel emasculated and thus discourage other men from taking up this voluntary service. This study therefore recommends similar research in other contexts to challenge speculations made about the likely impact of MMC on masculinity, because, in my research, uptake of MMC has nothing to do with constructions of manhood. I further recommend provision of standardised equipments and resources including human resources for efficient provision of this program countrywide.
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Mtombeni, Sifelani. "Community perceptions, attitudes and knowledge regarding mother to child transmission of HIV: a baseline evaluation before the implementation of the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV Program using a short course of Nevirapine at Onandjokwe Hospital, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Each year approximately 600 000 infants, most of them in Sub-Saharan Africa are born with HIV infection as a result of mother to child transmission of HIV. Whereas significant progress has been made in reduction of mother to child transmission of HIV in developed countries, the situation remains desperate in developing countries. Progress has been hampered by shortage of staff, facilities, limited access to voluntary counselling and testing and lack of support for women by their partners and communities. The challenge is to increase voluntary counselling and testing uptake during antenatal care. Onandjokwe district in Northern Namibia is currently introducing the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission Program (PMTCT). It has been found the previous PMTCT programs have failed because they adopted a top down approach where there was no community consultation. This study was conducted to explore the community perceptions, knowledge and attitudes regarding mother to child transmission of HIV through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews of key community members.
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More, Pontsho Elizabeth. "The importance of voluntary counselling and confidential testing for HIV in the workplace /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/746.
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Chimatira, Raymond. "Challenges, barriers and opportunities in integrating TB/HIV services in Tsandi District Hospital, Namibia." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3308.
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Magister Public Health - MPHBACKGROUND: Namibia has generalised Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) epidemics. In response to the TB/HIV co-epidemics in Namibia, the Ministry of Health and Social Services approved a policy of TB/HIV collaborative activities at national level and the integration of TB/HIV services at the point of service delivery. The present study explored barriers and facilitators of integration of TB and HIV service delivery in Tsandi District Hospital, which lies in rural northern Namibia. It focused on understanding the perspectives of healthcare workers and service users on integration of TB and HIV services at the health facility. AIMS & OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to describe the barriers, facilitators, and opportunities of integrated TB/HIV service delivery in Tsandi District Hospital. The specific objectives were: to describe the staffing and support systems in place for the integration of TB/HIV care; to describe the perceptions and experiences of integrated TB/HIV care by the health care workers, management and co-infected clients; and to describe the factors that facilitate or hinder the integration of TB/HIV services in the district from the point of view of district hospital managers, health care workers and co-infected clients. METHODS: The study used a descriptive qualitative study design with semistructured key-informant interviews conducted with five healthcare managers and senior clinicians and focus group discussions with 14 healthcare workers and five TB/HIV co-infected patients, supplemented by non-participant observation in Tsandi district hospital over two weeks between May – June 2011. Sessions were audiorecorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed. RESULTS: Several factors influenced whether and to what degree Tsandi district hospital was able to achieve integration of TB and HIV services. These are: (1) model of care and nature of referral links; (2) the availability and use of human resources and workspace; (3) the system of rotating staff among departments in the hospital; (4) the supply and mode of providing medicines to patients; (5) information systems, recording and reporting arrangements; (6) and the amount of follow-up and supervision of the integrated services. The main suggested barrier factors are: (1) poor communication and weak referrals links between services; (2) inadequate infrastructure to encourage and deliver TB and HIV care; (3) staff shortages and high workload; (4) lack of training and skills among healthcare workers; (5) financial constraints and other socioeconomic challenges; and (6) fragmented recording and reporting systems with limited data use to improve service delivery. The four main facilitating factors are: (1) positive staff attitudes towards TB/HIV integration; (2) common pool of staff managing different programmes; (3) joint planning and review of TB and HIV activities at the ARV Committee; and (4) informal task sharing to alleviate healthcare worker shortages. CONCLUSIONS: This study recommends that the district build on the current facilitators of integration, while the inhibitors should be worked on in order to improve the delivery of TB/HIV services in the district. Simple and practical recommendations have been made to address the some of the barriers at district level. It is hoped that these will inform future planning and review of the current model of care by the District nagement Team.
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Mberema, Felicitas L. K. "HIV disclosure and stigma : men's experiences in a dynamic social context, Kavango Region, Namibia." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6937/.
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Shikukutu, Faustinus. "Social and cultural discourses that shape male youths' masculinity and conceptions of risk and vulnerability to HIV and AIDS in Rundu Urban Constituency, Kavango region, Namibia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001672.
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HIV and AIDS still challenges the best efforts of public health and medical establishments and continues to ravage communities around the world. While measures have been put in place to preclude it from further spread, recent studies in the field of HIV and AIDS prevention intimate that for more efficacious intervention to be realized, it is critical to understand and address the social and cultural practices which influence sexual behavior, particularly understanding how issues of masculinity plays a role in the perpetuation of these behavior. Relying on Bourdieu’s theory of social practice, this study explores the inherent enduring nature of habitus and its role in the production and maintenance of masculine and sexual identities that predispose young men to HIV and AIDS. The study was conducted in Rundu Urban Constituency in Kavango Region of Namibia to gain insight into male youth’s masculinity and conceptions of risk and vulnerability to HIV and AIDS. The study design was qualitative and interpretive in nature. Data collection strategies included focus group discussions and individual interviews. Twelve male youth aged 17-20 years in two secondary schools (six in each) were selected to participate in the study. Four focus group discussions and fourteen individual interviews were conducted. Institutional ethical clearance from both regional education office and the schools were obtained before undertaking the study. Participants also signed written consent forms before interviews started. The findings of this study revealed that young men from this community were under constant pressure to conform to dominant masculine norms and values. Key in the case of youth in the study was the need to procreate as a dominant marker of one’s masculine and sexual identity because it represented a primary source of a ‘real’ man’s social identity in this community. This masculine and sexual identity seemed in itself to be constructed along paternal lines and cultural beliefs, which youth preserved by not only complying, but also reproducing. The sexual activities they reported that would secure their position as `real` men were often those that put them at risk and made them vulnerable to the epidemic.
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Poggenpoel, Jerome Mark. "HIV in the workplace: a critical investigation into the present legislative protection afforded to the HIV positive employee." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3090_1184766896.
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This thesis examined to what extent the current legislation protects the HIV positive employee against unfair discrimination and dismissal. The study gave short medical background to HIV/AIDS and introduced HIV discrimination by giving the historical background to HIV related discrimination. From this, the extent of stigmatization against this group was introduced.
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Muller, Catherina Elizabeth. "Nurse led change to influence HIV and AIDS workplace policy / C.E. Muller." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4641.
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Globally, nurses' contribution to informed health policy decisions is limited, as there are many
barriers to Nurse led change to successfully influence the HIV and AIDS policy process. In
South Africa nurses at all levels of health care are not involved or consulted during the
formulation of the HIV and AIDS workplace policy. This has led to concern about the
absence of nurses at the policy table. This study forms part of a larger international study
programme entitled: “Strengthening Nurses’ Capacity in HIV and AIDS Policy Development
in Sub–Saharan Africa and the Caribbean”. This programme of international research aims
to empower nurses to become involved in the policy process (formulation, implementation
and evaluation) in order to strengthen health systems in the areas of HIV and AIDS care.
Nurses' absence at the policy table prompted the researcher to explore and describe barriers
to Nurse led change to influence HIV and AIDS workplace policy. Phase 1 of the research
consisted of a literature review to identify barriers to Nurse led change to influence the HIV
and AIDS workplace policy. Management's opinion about the human resource management
capacity and problems experienced working in an HIV and AIDS environment was obtained
through a quantitative and qualitative empirical method of data collection and analysis.
Frontline nurses' perspective was obtained through qualitative interviewing to identify
problems experienced with policy in an HIV and AIDS workplace environment. A mixedmethod
triangulation research design was used to achieve the objectives of phase 1 of the
study, and strategies applied included exploratory, descriptive and contextual designs.
The analysis of the data contributed to the identification and classification of problems
experienced by nurses to influence HIV and AIDS workplace policy at macro, meso and
microlevel, resulting in the formulation of fifty–nine (59) concluding problem statements.
These concluding statements formed the basis for the strategy development for Nurse led
change to influence HIV and AIDS workplace policy, which was the only objective of the
second phase of the research. The strategy for Nurse led change to influence HIV and AIDS workplace policy was
developed by using a strategic process to determine the vision, mission, values, principles,
assumptions, strategic objectives and functional tactics based on the concluding problem
statements. Finally, the research was evaluated, limitations were identified and
recommendations were formulated for practice, education, research and policy.Thesis (Ph.D. (Nursing))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Kamwaro, Antony. "The impact of South African labour unions in workplace HIV/AIDS programmes." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25374.
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The threat of HIV/AIDS on humanity still remains one of the most challenging issues of our time. In South Africa, labour unions play a significant role in the economy. Their role in the fight against HIV/AIDS is therefore vital in workplace HIV/AIDS programmes. The research objective was to identify the impact that the partnership between business and labour unions is having in these programmes. The role that labour unions play is also assessed.The first phase of the interviews entailed conducting face to face semistructured interviews with fifteen large companies based in Gauteng province employing a minimum of 1000 employees. All the companies were and had to have union representation amongst their staff members. Phase two of the interviews involved interviewing representatives from the three largest labour unions in South Africa. The findings clearly show that labour unions have a role to play in the fight against the pandemic. It is evident that they are to a large extent being successful in their identified roles. The impact of the partnership between labour unions and business has resulted in the objectives of the HIV/AIDS programmes being met. Areas for improvement are also suggested as the battle is yet to be won. CopyrightDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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Tjiveze, Wakaa. "An investigation of socio-ecological issues and risks and capabilities in the 'my future is my choice' HIV and AIDS programme : a case in northern Namibia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017769.
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The HIV and AIDS crisis can be presented as a socio-ecological issue, with an ever-increasing impact on both human beings and the environment. Teaching about socio-ecological issues and the consideration of individual capabilities has become crucial within HIV and AIDS education programmes. Issues of deforestation, land degradation and other environmental problems have worsened since the advent of HIV and AIDS, especially in developing countries. The My Future is My Choice (MFMC) programme has been identified as an important HIV and AIDS education initiative that caters for young people in Namibian secondary schools (Grades 8-12). One of the themes within the programme (Facing HIV and AIDS) is highlighted in this study. This study was constituted as a case study of one school in rural Omuthiya, in the Oshikoto region. The study investigated the opportunities for the integration of a focus on socio-ecological issues and risks, within the MFMC education programme. The study also investigated the way in which the program develops learners‟ capabilities to respond to HIV and AIDS related socio-ecological issues and risks/vulnerabilities. The study also presents the constraints and enabling factors influencing the implementation of the programme. This study used a qualitative, interpretive case study methodology. The research methods included the analysis of eight documents and nineteen semi-structured interviews, with the Programme Coordinator, the Programme Facilitator, the School Principal and with the programme participants. The analysis also included two focus group discussions with a group of learners; and two classroom observations; and the learners' submissions (reflection sheets). Convenience sampling was used, and ethical issues were taken into consideration throughout the study. The study revealed the following as key findings: The aims and objectives of the HIV and AIDS education programme can enhance and constrain the development of capabilities, as well as opportunities and challenges for the integration of a focus on socio-environmental issues and risks as additional learning content. Teaching and learning methods that are participatory and rooted within the learner centered approach can make the integration of HIV and AIDS inherent socio-environmental issues and risks into the MFMC education programme possible. The values and beliefs inherent within the MFMC education programme stand as opportunities for the successful development of capabilities in the education programme. The study concluded by recommending that capabilities within the MFMC programme be developed through teaching learners about their rights, respect for human dignity, and the right to health and to living the life free from discriminatory practices, as a moral entitlement of each and every individual. While teaching learners about their right to health and the importance of healthy diets, this study found that the programme could include learning about food production and handling practices for the benefit of those living with HIV and AIDS, while caring for the environment. Another recommendation was that future research should consider actively involving young people in decision-making with regard to the programme, as this will allow them to choose and decide on what knowledge and skills they need and want to acquire. The study further explained that this will promote the programme participants‟ sense of agency, and their freedom to choose what they value being and doing as an important element in enhancing learner capabilities. Ultimately, this will also enable the learners to acquire the necessary skills and knowledge they need in order to respond to the socio-ecological problems they face in their communities.
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Nghaamwa, Twahafifwa Ndahekelekwa Tupavali. "The perceptions of students about risky behaviour that could make them vulnerable to HIV infection." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85861.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The existing studies have shown that HIV is highly prevalent among the students at the institutions of higher learning. However, none of the studies has established the perceptions of risky behaviour that could lead to HIV infections among students. The chief aim of this study was is to establish the perceptions of the students at the Polytechnic of Namibia towards the risky behaviour which could make them vulnerable to HIV and ADIS in order to improve the life skill programmes and HIV and AIDS awareness programme. The objectives of the study were to establish the knowledge of the students about HIV infection, to evaluate what the students perceive as risky behaviour and identify risks that expose students to contracting HIV, to determine the perceptions of the students about risky behaviour that makes them vulnerable to HIV and AIDS, to identify the students’ attitudes towards a person living with HIV and AIDS, and to suggest strategies that can be implemented to improve HIV and AIDS awareness among the students and enhance life skills programme, and HIV and AIDS education. The objectives were met through a quantitative approach conducted to gather data from 500 full time students at PoN, the second largest institution of higher learning in Windhoek, the capital city of Namibia, in July 2013. The data was collected by using a self-administered questionnaire which exclusively consisted of close-ended questions. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Stellenbosch University. The permission to conduct the study was requested and given from the registrar at the PoN. The participants were given a consent form to sign as an indication that they consent to take part in the study. Data collected was analysed using Epi-Info software and presented by means of pie charts, frequency tables, and bar graphs. It was found the students have efficient general knowledge on HIV and AIDS. The perceptions of risky behaviour were generally acceptable, however some students lack information on the epidemic. It was recommended that HIV and AIDS education and awareness programmes be expanded. Elimination of perceptions, and negative beliefs and reduction of alcohol and drug abuse among students are further recommended.
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Grötzinger, Elsabé. "Employee knowledge, attitude and practices relating to HIV/AIDS at [a] mining company in Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2284.
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Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW)A global prospecting and mining leader recognizes HIV/AIDS as a threat to the company and its employees. The management has committed them to have a proactive approach trying to minimize the impact of this killing disease by putting in place effective workplace programmes. However, programmes can only be successful if the employees’ needs regarding knowledge, attitudes and sexual practices have been thoroughly researched identified. The aim of this study was to do an explorative descriptive study of the knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and behaviours of the employees of a mining company in Namibia on HIV/AIDS. The objectives were: diams; To measure the overall knowledge levels as well as attitudes and sexual practices of DBMN employees on HIV and STD's. diams; To determine whether there was a difference in the knowledge levels, attitudes and sexual practices of employees in different job categories, age groups, marital status, religion and education level. diams; To measure risky sexual behaviours of participants. All employees (550) of this mining company were invited to participate in the survey and 226 employees responded. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect data administered in a group setting. The questionnaire was regarded as having content validity and the SPSS program was be utilized for descriptive statistics. Utilizing the ratio data developed through the indexes, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine significant difference between the means of the groups in comparison. Because multiple comparisons were done, a post hoc test (Fisher LSD) was used to determine significant differences between group means.
South Africa
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Mbuche, Joseph Kasu. "The perceptions of community members regarding reasons why HIV prevalence rate is high in Zambezi Region than in the other thirteen regions of Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97922.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Republic of Namibia situated at the South West of Africa near Atlantic Ocean is a country in Sub-Saharan Africa region. It was divided into fourteen political administrative regions during the delimitation committee of 2013. Namibia has a population of 3 million according to the census report of 2011 (Census report 2011). The prevalence rate of HIV in Zambezi Region is higher than in other thirteen regions of Namibia. Zambezi Region is geographically located between the four SADC countries such as Zambia, Angola, Botswana and Zimbabwe. Trans–Caprivi high way is believed to contribute to the high prevalence rate of 37.7 % according to the sentinel survey report of pregnant women of 2012.The traditional beliefs and customs are affecting HIV/AIDS programmes that are implemented in the region by stakeholders and the Ministry of Health and Social Services. Namibia as a country since 1992 to 2014 has conducted sentinel surveys among pregnant women and National testing days from 2008 to find out how to address HIV and AIDS epidemic in the country. Zambezi Region according to the sentinel survey reports has the highest HIV prevalence rate among pregnant women than the other thirteen regions. The reasons that are causing the high prevalence rate of HIV in this part of the country are not yet know to the citizens. The researcher in this research has used the qualitative approach method, to investigate the perceptions of community members regarding reasons of higher HIV prevalence rate in Zambezi Region. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling in all six constituencies of the region in which 30 participants of 15 females and 15 males were interviewed. The semi - structured interview qualitative method was used to collect data from respondents. This study is the eye opener as the reasons that are contributing to the high HIV prevalence rate in Zambezi Region have been discovered.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nie beskikbaar
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Ramothibe, J. C. (Joseph Colin). "The demographic and socio-economic impact of HIV/Aids on the Khomas region and the implications for the Windhoek local authority." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50131.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV/AIDS is one of the biggest challenges faced by many countries in this century. The rate of infection is rapidly increasing and more and more people are getting ill and dying from AIDS. Of all the people living with AIDS in the world, seven out of ten live in Sub-Saharan Africa. Namibia is one of the top five most HIV/AIDS affected countries in the world. There is therefore no question about the urgent need to accelerate actions to reduce prevalence, expand care and support and extend access to treatment. AIDS is eroding decades of progress made in extending life expectancy; thus hundreds of adults are dying young or in early middle age. The national strategic plan (2004) on HIV/AIDS indicated that the average life expectancy in Namibia is now 42 years, when it could have been 60 without AIDS. A 2003 study on the impact of HIV/AIDS on Windhoek indicated that the antenatal HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in Windhoek for 2002 was 27%, while the national prevalence rate was estimated at 22.3%. The prevalence rate for Windhoek is expected to reach its peak at 38% during 2005. Even though HIV/AIDS will have a diminishing effect on population growth, Windhoek's population is expected to continue growing, particular as a result of inward migration, but at a slower pace. Similarly, HIV/AIDS will have an abating effect on GDP growth as the virus will mainly affect the economic active and available labour force of the population and result in increased labour costs and skilled labour shortages. The impact on the informal sector is potentially more damaging than on the formal economic sector, as the majority of micro- enterprises and informal businesses are build around one individual. As the breadwinner dies, household income and expenditures levels deteriorate and increase poverty levels, because households within the city are very dependent on family structures to support their income levels. Informal settlements are also more volatile to HIV transmission and the majority of HIV infected individuals are likely to be found within these areas as the populations is poorer, crowded, has fewer social services facilities and is more likely migratory compared to those in affluent formal settlements. Considering that the incubation period of HIV/AIDS from infection to death takes about ten years, the real impact of current HIV infections in Windhoek will only be experienced during 2010. Health services will have to attend to a greater demand for curative services as well as to social care and support programs. Social welfare programmes will need to find ways of caring for a large population of HIV/AIDS orphans. Municipalities can playa critically important role in addressing HIV/AIDS at a local level as they are at the interface of community and government. They are ideally placed to playa coordinating and facilitating role that is needed to make sure that partnerships are built to bring prevention and care programmes to every community affected by AIDS. Therefore, in order to succeed in confronting HIV/AIDS, it is important to work closely with all levels of government as well as working with local partners in civil society that are fighting HIV/AIDS at the community level. By taking action against HIV/AIDS, municipalities are securing the future of their towns and communities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: MIV/VIGS is een van die grootste uitdagings wat baie lande hierdie eeu in die gesig staar. Die koers van infeksie is vinnig aan die toeneem en al hoe meer mense word siek en sterf as gevolg van VIGS. Van al die mense wat met VIGS lewe in die wêreld, bly sewe uit tien in sub-Sahara Afrika. Namibië is een van die vyf mees MIV/VIGS geaffekteerde lande in die wêreld. Derhalwe is daar geen twyfel rakende die noodsaaklikheid om daadwerklike aksies te bewerkstellig om die voorkoms te verminder, sorg en ondersteuning te verhoog en toegang na behandeling uit te brei. VIGS vernietig dekades van groei behaal in die verlenging van lewensverwagting; dus sterf honderde volwassenes vroeg of gedurende hul middeljare. Die nasionale strategiese plan (2004) rakende MIV/VIGS toon dat die gemiddelde lewensverwagting in Namibië huidiglik 42 jaar is instede van 60 sonder VIGS. 'n Studie onderneem gedurende 2003, rakende die effek van MIV/VIGS in Windhoek, dui aan dat die voorgeboorte MIV/VIGS voorkoms koers 27% vir 2002 was, terwyl die nasionale voorkoms koers slegs 22.3% was. Daar word verwag dat die voorkoms koers vir Windhoek sy maksimum van 38% sal bereik gedurende 2005. Alhoewel MIV/VIGS 'n negatiewe effek op bevolkingsgroei groei gaan het, sal Windhoek se inwoners getalle steeds groei, alhoewel teen 'n stadiger koers, as gevolg van inwaartse migrasie. Terselfdertyd, gaan MIV/VIGS 'n verminderde effek het op die groei van die Bruto Binnelandse Produk (BBP), omdat die virus hoofsaaklik die ekonomiese aktiewe en beskikbare arbeidsmag van die bevolking affekteer wat as gevolg hiervan 'n verhoging in arbeidskoste en tekort aan geskoolde arbeid het. Die effek op die informele sektore is potensieel meer skadelik as op die formele ekonomiese faktore, aangesien die meeste klein en informele besighede rondom een persoon gebou is. lndien die broodwinner sterf, versleg die vlakke van huishoudelike inkomste en uitgawes wat lei tot verhoogde armoede, omdat huishoudings in die stad baie afhanklik is op familie strukture om hulle inkomste te ondersteun. Informele vestigings is meer kwesbaar in die oordrag van MIV en die meerderheid van die MIV geïnfekteerde individue word gewoonlik in hierdie areas aangetref omdat die bevolking armer is, meer persone huisves, minder welsyn dienste fasiliteite het en meer swerwend is in vergelyking met die meer welgestelde formele vestigings. As in ag geneem word dat die ontkiemings periode van MIV/VIGS vanaf infeksie tot en met sterfte omtrent tien jaar neem, sal die werklike effek van die huidige VIGS besmettings in Windhoek slegs ervaar word gedurende 2010. Gesondheidsdienste sal moet aandag skenk aan 'n groter aanvraag vir geneeslike dienste sowel as sosiale sorg en ondersteunings programme. Gemeenskaplike welsyn programme sal maniere moet vind om vir 'n groot populasie van MIV/VIGS weeskinders te sorg. Munisipaliteite kan 'n belangrike rol speel in die aanspreek van die MIV/VIGS epidemie op 'n plaaslike vlak omdat hulle die skakel is tussen die gemeenskap en die regering. Hulle is ideaal geplaas om 'n koordineerende en fasiliterende rol te speel wat nodig is om seker te maak dat vennootskappe gebou word om voorkomings en versorgings programme te lewer aan elke gemeenskap wat deur MIV/VIGS geraak word. Dus, om sukses te behaal in die bekamping van MIV/VIGS , is dit belangrik om nou saam te werk met alle vlakke van die regering sowel as met plaaslike vennote in die gemeenskap wat MIV/VIGS bekamp op gemeenskapsvlak. Deur aksie te neem teen MIV/VIGS , kan munisipaliteite die toekoms van hulle dorpe en gemeenskappe verseker.
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Ganyaza-Twalo, Thulisile. "Guidlines for the development of an HIV/AIDS workplace support programme for teachers." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3294_1299061332.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to develop guidelines for an HIV/AIDS support programme for teachers. In order to achieve this goal, Intervention Research: Design and Development model by Rothman and Thomas (1994) was adopted to guide the research process. Intervention research is a form of applied qualitative research utilized by researchers to design and develop interventions to ameliorate social problems. Intervention research: design and development model has six phases and unique operational steps to follow in each phase. The researcher adopted the first three phases to facilitate the design of the guidelines to assist with development of a programme to support teachers. Problem analysis and project planning is the first phase. In this phase, the aim was to understand the experiences of HIV/AIDS among teachers and in schools. Information was gathered from HIV/AIDS co-ordinators, principals, teachers living with HIV.
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Norris, Gerard Benedict. "Counterfeiting of HIV/AIDS medicines : implications for global epidemic : recommendations for workplace programs." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50307.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: multiple therapeutic categories of medicines have been increasingly targeted for counterfeiting. According to Van Niekerk [Van Niekerk, Anton. (2001). Moral and social complexities of AIDS in Africa. University of Stellenbosch], “it is commonplace to identify and bewail a plethora of problems in the developing world generally, and in Africa in particular. Poverty, illiteracy, famine, political instability, natural disasters, and many more misfortunes dominate the history of this part of the world over the past 50 years. It was therefore adding uncalled (undeserved?) insult to already overwhelming injury when HIV/AIDS visibly struck the world since mid-1980. In spite of all the other calamities that Africa has to deal with, it nevertheless is no exaggeration to claim that HIV/AIDS nowadays constitutes the most serious health and social crisis and challenge that has ever befallen the continent”. Similar patterns involving HIV/AIDS are now emerging on other continents. One objective of this recent research study was to explore possible relationships between the growing scourges of the worldwide counterfeiting of medicines and parallels with the expanding global HIV/AIDS pandemic - as well as to examine potential relationships and risks associated with other diseases that have been observed to have ‘special associations’ with HIV and AIDS [e.g. sexually transmitted infections (STI’s), Tuberculosis (TB) and Malaria] - and possible impact on the “World of Work”. A second and important objective was to develop Recommendations for Workplace Programs. The information gathered has also been used to propose future studies regarding HIV/AIDS and counterfeiting. In the developing world, antibiotics and anti-parasitic medicines are included among the counterfeiters’ favorite targets. Strong parallels exist between locations where counterfeiting of medicines is taking place/product being distributed/sold and where HIV/AIDS is most prevalent and/or where the epidemic is expanding progressively. Counterfeiting of medicines used for treating HIV/AIDS raises the possibility of additional future complications developing in managing other global diseases such as Malaria and Tuberculosis, not to mention exacerbating the potential for developing resistance and encouraging mutation of the HI virus itself. It is also noteworthy that certain medical devices have also been found to be counterfeit. Global demographics and with particular reference to projected growth rates of populations of the developing world are of specific relevance to this subject of anticounterfeiting and medicines used for the treatment of HIV and AIDS. Indeed, next generations of humanity appear to be at unnecessary risk of being caught up in a confluence of forces whereby the practice of the counterfeiting of medicines could result in significant complications and unforeseen consequences regarding management of the global HIV/AIDS crisis. Following the research, recommendations for workplace programs were developed. The research study concludes with a comprehensive set of references.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die problamatiek aangaande die vervalsing (namaak) van medisyne word nou wereldwyd ervaar en het ‘n impak op beide die geindustrialiseerde en die ontwikkelende wereld. Menige medisyne in terapeutiese kategoriee is tot op hede as vervals geidentifeseer, met die direkte resultaat dat hulle ‘n minemale of geen terapeutiese uitwerking het nie. Wat nog erger is, is dat hierdie middels uiters gevaarlik is om te gebruik en selfs lewensgevaarlik kan wees. Dit is van groot betekenis dat ook medisyne wat bestem is om persone met HIV/VIGS te behandel, as vervals aangetoon is – en soedoende tot nog toe onbekende gevolge vir pasiente, die werkomgewing en ongekende risiko’s vir wereldwye gesondheidsorg en internasionale veiligheid en sekuriteit inhou. In hierdie studie word die onderwerp in taamlike besonderhede bestudeer en daar word afgesluit met aanbevelings oor programme in die werkplek wat ontwerp is om sorg en ondersteuning te bied aan werkers met HIV/VIGS. Verdere studie word ook aanbeveel om die tergende probleme wat volg op die vervalsing van medisyne in die behandling van persone met HIV/VIGS, en die implikasies hiervan, die hoof te bide.
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Shifotoka, Simsolia Namene. "An investigation into teacher perspectives and experiences in integrating HIV and AIDS information across the curriculum at some selected Junior Secondary Schools in the Oshana Region, Namibia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004336.
Full textAbstract:
HIV and AIDS are still among the world's most significant public health challenges. Education is widely regarded as an effective response to the pandemic - a “social vaccine” that can increase young people’s awareness of the dangers of HIV infection and thus decrease their vulnerability to HIV and AIDS. Integrating HIV and AIDS awareness across the school curriculum is therefore one of the strategies being implemented to educate learners about the pandemic. There are challenges; however, related to the central goal of integrating HIV and AIDS education and also to the form – in particular, the pedagogical practices - that this might best take. This qualitative case study research investigated teachers’ perspectives, experiences, and levels of preparedness with regard to integrating HIV and AIDS information in the main carrier subjects, mathematics and geography, in some junior secondary schools in Namibia. The study situates debates on curriculum integration and draws on Fogarty’s (1999) models of curriculum integration as a conceptual and analytic tool to examine the nature, form and content of integration. It includes a questionnaire on curriculum integration completed by 53 teachers as well as a component consisting of observations and interviews with four teachers from two schools. The results reveal patterns that also emerge in earlier studies on curriculum integration. This approach is already widely recognized as challenging and problematic in the context of general education. However, this and other studies show that when HIV and AIDS are brought into the arena, additional factors come into play and further complicate the process, because of the sensitivity of this topic. In addition, the task of integrating HIV and AIDS education has been added to an already overcrowded curriculum. Teachers have not been provided with adequate (or any) training with concrete examples that might facilitate their efforts to integrate HIV and AIDS information into subjects like the ones under scrutiny in this study. The picture that emerges from examining the evidence on HIV and AIDS integration against Fogarty’s (1991) 10 models of curriculum integration is one in which teaching practices are ad hoc, opportunistic and haphazard right across the sample. The choice of integration models for implementation of the HIV and AIDS component in these subjects has been largely left to the opportunity, ability and personal inclinations of individual teachers. The results point to a range of responses, with many teachers not teaching HIV and AIDS at all or some hesitantly experimenting with different approaches; all to limited effect in realizing the intended national goals of this curriculum project. The overall pattern also reveals a degree of frustration among the teachers in the sample, who acknowledged and were concerned at the enormity of the HIV and AIDS challenge facing the country. They recognised the motive behind the policy to have the education system play an important role in response to the HIV challenge, but felt frustrated with the social, personal and practical difficulties of actually implementing the policy within the context of poor (or no) training, knowledge, and support.
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Hakaala, Beatha Ndinelao. "An exploration of the structural, cultural and agential conditions that shape life skills teachers' responses and experiences in teaching sexuality and HIV and AIDS." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1017340.
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This paper reports findings on how Namibian secondary school Life Skills teachers are exercising their agency to teach or not to teach Sexuality and HIV and AIDS, a subject which is regarded as sensitive and has been surrounded by secrecy and has issues which are cloaked by silence and taboos. The aim of the study was to explore the structural and cultural factors that shape the responses and experiences of Life Skills teachers in teaching sexuality and HIV and AIDS. The study was conducted through observations and interviews with four full-time Life Skills teachers. Document analysis was carried out throughout the study in which lesson plans, portfolios, assessment forms, Life Skills syllabuses, schemes of works, national curriculum documents and subject policy on HIV and AIDS were analysed. The data were analysed by identifying categories, codes and themes using the analytic dualism framework, and the literature review was used to summarise the findings. The study revealed that all teachers operate in an environment that consists of the National structures such as high teacher: learner ratio in their classrooms that they have to teach Life Skills and do day to day counselling, a lack of teaching and learning support material that they should use to scaffold the learning of sexuality and HIV and AIDS, and little time allocated to Life Skills teaching. The same study also revealed that the teaching of Life Skills is hampered by the cultural structures which emerged from teachers’ discourses as evidenced from the data which shows that cultural properties have powers that condition teachers in teaching sexuality and HIV and AIDS. This included learners’ silence in sex-related discussion versus teachers’ position; discourses on the importance of full-time Life Skills teachers in school; comfort in teaching selected topics in Life Skills; Life Skills teachers’ perceptions on parents’ feelings on teaching sexuality and HIV and AIDS in schools, and perceptions on the Life Skills teachers’ position and teaching sexuality and sex education. While the findings revealed that teachers are conditioned by the structural and cultural conditions that acted as constraints to teaching sexuality and HIV and AIDS, the observations revealed agency on their part. The study finding depicts instances where teachers acted in agreement or in contravention of the structural and cultural pressures or conditions in their environments.
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Laas, Anja. "HIV/AIDS workplace policy development and implementation in a selected sample of South African organisations." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4075.
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Thesis (MPhil (Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2009.ENGLISH SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to determine the current situation regarding policy development and implementation in a selected sample of South African organisations. The researcher used the survey method to determine how many organisations do have HIV/AIDS workplace policies in place, and if not, why not. It was found that only a small percentage of respondents confirmed to not have an HIV/AIDS workplace policy at their respective workplaces. A reason for concern is that almost a quarter of the respondents were not sure whether their workplace had a policy or not. Larger organisations (> 500 employees) were more inclined to have polices and the highest percentage of organisations that have policies were from KwaZulu Natal, the province with the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence in the country.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die huidige situasie rakende MIV/VIGS beleidsontwikkeling en implementering in „n gekose groep van Suid-Afrikaanse organisasies te ondersoek. Die navorser het „n opname gedoen om te bepaal hoeveel organisasies MIV/VIGS beleide het, en indien nie, hoekom nie. Daar is gevind dat slegs „n klein persentasie van respondente bevestig het dat hul onderskeie werkplekke nie „n MIV/VIGS beleid het nie. Daar is egter rede tot kommer rakende byna „n kwart van die respondente wie nie seker was of hul werkplek „n beleid het of nie. Groter organisasies (> 500 werknemers) was meer geneig om beleide te hê, en die hoogste persentasie van organisasies met beleide was van KwaZulu Natal, die provinsie met die hoogste voorkoms van MIV/VIGS in die land.
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Mubekapi, Constance. "Workplace stress and coping strategies among nurses in HIV/AIDS care: Geita District Hospital, Tanzania." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4486.
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Magister Public Health - MPHThe unprecedented increase in HIV and AIDS cases has trickled down to the already impoverished health sector, thus impacting health workers in various ways. In a shrinking health workforce, HIV/AIDS has created an extra demand and workload, emotional burden and stress among health workers. The study aimed to explore and describe nurses’ workplace stressors and coping strategies with regards to HIV/AIDS environment. The exploratory- descriptive study was qualitative in nature. Geita District Hospital was selected as it is the only health facility in the district that provides in-patient care services related to HIV/AIDS. The study population consisted of all nurses who work with HIV and AIDS patients and the managers providing support to nurses. The researcher interviewed twelve nurses and two key informants. Face to face interviews were conducted and a semi-structured interview guide was utilised to collect data. Thematic content analysis was utilised and themes were derived from the concepts that emerged during the process. Validity and trustworthiness of the study was established through triangulation and member checking. The findings of the study revealed that nurses in HIV/AIDS experience stress from the workplace. Nurses struggled with issues of death and dying, feared occupational exposure and found it difficult to cope with nursing shortage, increased workload and inadequate training. The nurses were generally disturbed by lack of organisational support and the unavailability of resources such as; basic medical supplies and protective equipment. Nurses seemed to be resorting more to positive reappraisal, planful problem solving and seeking social support strategies.
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Zingwari, Jebson. "Prevalence of malnutrition in HIV positive infants (age<18months) attending a clinic in Windhoek, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3482_1362394243.
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Background-Namibia has a high HIV and malnutrition burden. HIV increases the risk of
malnutrition and malnutrition results in rapid progression of the disease and worsening malnutrition. Nutrition plays an important role in the management of an HIV positive child. Optimal nutrition delays disease progression, improves immune function and the effectiveness of antiretroviral drugs thereby improving the quality of life of the child. Early identification of children at risk of malnutrition is therefore essential to prevent malnutrition in HIV positive children. Methodology-The study sought to determine the prevalence and the risk factors for malnutrition in 88 HIV positive children less than 18 months attending Hospital Paediatric ARV Clinic (HPAC). The study used quantitative methods. A questionnaire was administered to the child&rsquo
s caregiver to assess infant, caregiver and socio-economic risk factors for malnutrition after written consent had been obtained. The history of the patient was extracted from the HIV patient care booklet. Nutritional status was assessed using WHO standard growth charts in children and body mass index (BMI) in adults. Results- The study showed that 56.8% of children were wasted (14.8% had severe wasting), 52.3% were stunted (18.2% had severe stunting) and 69.3% underweight (20.5% were severely underweight). This level of malnutrition is much higher than the rates of 8% wasting, 29% stunting and 17% underweight in the general paediatric population. Malnutrition in children was associated with fewer number of working adults per family, frequent illnesses in the child, low level of caregiver education, caregiver unemployment, low household income and lack of adequate food in the family. Children of malnourished caregiver were more likely to be underweight. Conclusions- The results showed a high prevalence of malnutrition (56.8%wasting, 52.3%stunting and 69.3% underweight) among HIV positive infants attending the HPAC. The study showed that poverty and food insecurity were strongly associated with malnutrition in children. This therefore
highlights the urgent need to address poverty to reduce malnutrition in the community. Although the study did not show any statistically significant association between feeding practices and malnutrition in children, health workers should encourage HIV positive mothers to breastfeed their infants as per the WHO and Namibian antiretroviral therapy guidelines (2010). Recommendations - There is need to train health workers to identify and manage malnourished children early. Linkages with social services must be improved and strengthened to help reduce poverty in the community.
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Brand, Maja. "An assessment of the prevalence and associated burden of symptoms in HIV patients in Swakopmund, Namibia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21195.
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Background: HIV infection and AIDS are characterized by a multitude of symptoms which has not changed since the advent of HAART. Based on this reality the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends palliative care to be provided alongside disease specific treatment for all PLWHIV. There are many barriers to patients reporting their symptoms and physicians often fail to recognise the symptom burden. Palliative medicine improves quality of life, relieves suffering, provides good end of life care and helps patients and loved ones to come to terms with a chronic progressive disease. Namibia is one of the hardest hit countries globally with respect to the HIV epidemic. No palliative care services are available in that country yet. No research has been done to assess the prevalence and burden of symptoms amongst PLWHIV. The study serves as a pilot project to address these shortcomings. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and associated burden of symptoms in patients attending an HIV clinic in Swakopmund and local general practitioners' awareness of the symptom burden and assessment in HIV patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at the HIV clinic at the State Hospital in Swakopmund, Namibia, and amongst general practitioners working in the Erongo region. The study was conducted in two parts: 1) Assessment of symptom prevalence and severity in HIV patients on HAART attending the HIV clinic at the Swakopmund State Hospital. A total of 104 adult patients were recruited using simple random sampling was used to recruit 104 adult patients who were interviewed using the MSAS-SF. Demographic data and symptoms recorded by the health care professionals during follow-up visits were extracted from the patients' records. 2) The evaluation of general practitioners' perception regarding the symptom burden and importance of symptom assessment in HIV patients receiving HAART. Based on the outcome of the above findings a questionnaire was designed to assess the awareness of general practitioners of the burden of disease in PLWHIV. Ethical Approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Cape Town as well as from the Ethical Committee of the Ministry of Health, Namibia. Results: The median of the sample was 40 years, the median CD4 count 417, and the median number of years on HAART was 4. The majority were females (61.5 %) and 66.3% were employed. The mean number of symptoms was 5.99 (median 5, SD 4.912). The most common symptoms were of psychological nature and pain, cough and peripheral neuropathy were common physical symptoms. Median values of TMSAS, GDI and PSYCH were higher in the unemployed and in females. PHYS was significantly higher in females. There was no association with the CD4 count. Time on treatment is not significantly related to any of TMSAS, GDI, PH YS or PSYCH scores, but younger age was related to higher GDI. Patient self - report of symptoms was significantly higher than symptoms recorded by the health practitioners during follow-up. Many general practitioners (44%) assume patients on HAART to be relatively symptom free, that low CD4 counts are related to symptom burden (84%) and that patients will report symptoms if present(76%). Conclusion: Symptom prevalence and burden is high in this study population despite HAART and there seem to be barriers to the reporting of symptoms by the patients. There is evidence of poor symptom assessment and symptom control. This highlights the need for palliative care for ambulatory HIV patients.
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Shiningavamwe, Andreas Ndafudifwa. "Drug mutation patterns and risk factors associated with patients failing first-line antiretroviral therapy regimen in Oshikoto and Oshana regions, Namibia." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4997.
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Magister Public Health - MPHHIV/AIDS is a major health problem in Namibia with HIV prevalence estimated at 18.2% among pregnant women. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was introduced in the public sector in 2003 and ART roll out was expanded throughout the country in the subsequent years. There are 221 ART sites in Namibia which include 34 district hospitals and 187 outreach service points. Currently there are 127,486 patients registered on ART in Namibia. However, there have been cases of patients experiencing treatment failure. The treatment failure can give rise to the emergence of HIV drug resistance. Genotyping information from patients with treatment failure can be valuable for tracking the dominant mutations conferring HIV drug resistance. However, HIV genotyping is not routinely available in Namibia due to cost. It is essential to determine the risk factors associated with development of HIV drug resistance so that these factors can be addressed. The aim of the current study was to describe HIV drug resistance mutations and the risk factors associated with HIV drug resistance among patients failing first- line ART regimen in Oshikoto and Oshana regions in Namibia. The case-control study design was used to collect data from cases who were being suspected of treatment failure to the first–line regimen in Oshikoto and Oshana regions in Namibia. The demographic, clinical and genotype information was collected from patient records. Out of 168 cases, 97 cases were eligible for this study and were matched with 105 controls. The mean age was 44.8 (±13.2) years for controls and 43.3 (±13.3) years for cases. Cases from Oshana and Oshikoto regions harboured 63% and 71% respectively for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors mutations with the dominant mutation being M184V/I. Sixty-eight percent (68%) and 76% respectively harboured mutations for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with dominant mutation being K103N. Missed appointments, initiating inappropriate first-line regimen and adverse events or side effects were identified as risk factors for virological failure with odd ratios (OR) of 21.58 (95% CI 6.50 -71.59); 11.70 (95% CI 1.69 - 80.99) and 7.17 (95% CI 1.89 -27.22) respectively. Patients failing the first-line regimen need to be genotyped to assess the development of HIV drug resistance. The patients initiating ART should be educated on impacts of missing clinical appointments and adverse events of the drugs in order to prevent the emergence of drug resistance.
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Nghifikwa, Loide. "The perception and experience of stigma and discrimination among HIV-positive people at Oshakati ARV Clinic in Oshana Region, Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6785.
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Thesis (MPhil (Industrial Psychology. Africa Centre for HIV/AIDS Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The researcher conducted an explorative, qualitative study to identify the perceptions and experiences of stigma and discrimination among people living with HIV and AIDS in order to establish strategies within ARV Clinic to deal with the situation and eliminate this as a barrier to access the services. The study population included 5 men and 5 women who access health services at Oshakati ARV Clinic and have been on ARVs for more than one year, aged 20-60 years old. The study participants were selected using a purposive sampling approach and interviewed in the ARV clinic. The study found that participants have experienced enacted and internal stigma and discrimination related to their HIV status within their community and families. They however did not perceive or report any experiences of stigma and discrimination in the ARV clinic. Possibility exists that the participants might not be well empowered to detect acts of stigma and discrimination in the health care environment.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die navorser het 'n verkennende, kwalitatiewe studie uitgevoer om die waarnemings en ervarings van stigma en diskriminasie tussen mense wat met MIV en VIGS leef, vas te stel met die doel om strategieë te bepaal binne die ARV kliniek om die situasie te hanteer en die hindernes om dienste te bekom te verwyder. Die studiepopulasie het bestaan uit 5 mans en 5 vroue wat die gesondheidsdienste van die Oshakati ARV kliniek gebruik en wat ARV’S vir meer as een jaar gebruik en tussen die ouderdomme van 20-60 jaar is. Die deelnemers is gekies met 'n doelgerigte steekproeftrekking-benadering en onderhoude is gevoer in die ARV-kliniek. Die studie het bevind dat die deelnemers interne stigma en diskriminasie wat verband hou met hul MIV-status binne hul gemeenskap en families ondervind het. Hulle het egter nie aangedui dat hulle stigma en diskriminasie ervaar het by die ARV-kliniek nie. Die moontlikheid bestaan dat die deelnemers nie goed bemagtig is om dade van stigma en diskriminasie in gesondheidsdienste te kan identifiseer nie.
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Pendukeni, Monika. "The impact of HIV/AIDS on health care provision: Perceptions on nurses currently working in one regional hospital in Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Studies on the impact of HIV/AIDS on health workers conducted in the health sector in different countries in Southern Africa have shown that health workers are affected and infected by HIV/AIDS. This has affected the provision of care rendered by nurses negatively. The high workload emanating from increased numbers of patients contributed to the situation. As a result, a number of nurses suffer from stress related illnesses caused by many factors such as fear of contracting the HIV virus. Low staff morale has also been observed among nurses. The aim of this study was to study nurses perceptions, views and suggestions on the impacts of HIV/AIDS on the provision of health care in terms of increased workload, stress, low morale and fear of contracting HIV/AIDS in two medical wards and a TB ward in one regional hospital in Namibia.
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Jusayo, Nomonde. "Factors affecting the utilisation of a workplace voluntary counselling and testing programme in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1010273.
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The world has entered the third decade of the HIV and AIDS epidemic under different times in which the epidemic is treatable. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) (2005) declares HIV and AIDS a developmental crisis destroying developmental gains over generations. Since HIV and AIDS affect the most productive segment of the labour force, it is therefore not only a threat to development but also to the world of work without which development will be sacrificed (ILO, 2001). Collaborative response efforts that seek to mitigate the HIV pandemic by government, business and higher education institutions have been fraught with challenges. The main challenge that beset these efforts is that, in the absence of an HIV vaccine, voluntary counselling and testing remains the gateway to access treatment and care. Regrettably, participation in VCT has been confronted by challenges of low utilisation. This precedes the objectives of this study, which were to explore and describe factors that serve as barriers and facilitators of workplace VCT programmes with the objective to improve participation in these programmes. The current study was a product of a qualitative and exploratory-descriptive research design. A nonprobability convenience sampling method was used to sample participants for this study. The targeted population in this study were the non-academic employees of an academic institution in the Eastern Cape. Data was collected by means of focus group discussions and by using semi-structured interviews. The focus group samples comprised of an equal number of men and women with an overall participation of fifty-six participants. Data obtained was transcribed, thematically analysed and coded using Henning, Van Rensburg, and Smit's (2004) qualitative analysis and interpretation method. Findings of this research revealed that factors that facilitate and inhibit voluntary counselling and testing are psychosocial and cultural by nature. At psychosocial level, participants reported factors that facilitate voluntary counselling and testing to include psychological readiness to go for HIV testing, reassurances of confidentiality of HIV test results and normalising HIV testing (making the process more like that for screening and diagnostic testing). Cultural factors included cultural practices and beliefs such as "intonjane" and traditional circumcision - positive cultural nurturers that could facilitate VCT participation. Results of this study showed a lack of basic knowledge about VCT and fear of knowing one's status, fear of breach of confidentiality, fear of being stigmatised and a lack of trust towards health professional as the major psychosocial factors that serve as barriers to VCT participation. The cultural barriers to VCT pointed to hegemonic masculinity as a socially constructed gender identity that encourages gender inequalities and undermines efforts to improve HIV testing. The study suggested that strategies to increase VCT participation should consider leadership support of VCT programmes, incentivisation of VCT programmes, institutionalisation of HIV and AIDS education and the establishment of integrated wellness services for employees.
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Bateesa, Carole Sekimpi. "Workplace response to HIV/AIDS and the effect of HIV/AIDS on the carriers and occupations of the infected urban population." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3343.
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Thesis (MPhil (Industrial Psychology. HIV/AIDS Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.The Uganda government through the ministry of health, collaborating with several NGOs and donors has done a commendable job in arresting the medical effects of HIV/AIDS. This has been done through provision of ARVs and treatment of opportunistic infections. As a result, Uganda has enjoyed a lot of international praise for its response to the medical effects of HIV/AIDS. However, inadequate attention has been paid to the epidemics social economic effects. It is known that HIV mostly affects young people in their years of economic productivity. These people spend eight or more hours of every day in their work place but despite this; work places especially private institutions have not taken steps to respond to the scourge of HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS work place policies have not been formulated, and in some cases, they are on paper but no implementation is being done. Consequently, HIV/AIDS still affects the carriers, income and occupational activities of infected workers. This study reveals that the working population is generally ignorant about workplace HIV/AIDS policies, and their relevance to workers living with HIV/AIDS. A significant proportion of the respondents have lost jobs because of their HIV status, while majority affirm that living with HIV/AIDS has affected their occupations, carriers and income
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Mahlangeni, Iviwe. "Exploring HIV and AIDS workplace programmes in the tourism industry of Nelson Mandela Bay." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9197.
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The aim of this study was to explore and describe HIV and AIDS workplace programmes and policies (WPPs) in the tourism industry of Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM) in South Africa. This study adopted a quantitative and qualitative approach, in other words, a mixed approach. The reason for using more than one method of inquiry was to obtain a deeper understanding of the tourism industry of NMBM in terms of examined behaviour, and of the meaning of occurrences in the industry. To gather qualitative data concerning HIV and AIDS programmes, key informant stakeholders in the tourism industry at global, national, provincial, and local levels were identified to conduct in-depth interviews. These respondents were selected using the non-probability sampling method of quota sampling. This is a type of stratified sampling in which the selection of the strata within the sample is not random, but rather is typically left to the discretion of the interviewer (Wienclaw, 2015). One respondent for each level of the industry was selected, resulting in four key informant stakeholders participating in the qualitative research component of this study. The initial criterion for participation in the quantitative portion for this study was that tourism businesses based in NMBM must be able to produce robust evidence of HIV and AIDS WPPs. The researcher selected the probability sampling method of stratified random sampling with proportional allocation. This technique considers the known characteristics of the population (Wienclaw, 2015). A database of tourism businesses was obtained from the local tourism organisation, who are members of the governing body for local tourism. This database was cleaned, to eliminate any data that did not meet the participation criterion for the study. Ten per cent of the total number of businesses in the cleaned database were sampled. The simplest approach to sampling is to merely randomly select from the population by, for example, having a computer choose names at random from a list, or by selecting names from a hat (Wienclaw, 2015). Therefore, every fifth business listed on the sampled database was selected to participate. Unfortunately, surveys tend to have notoriously low return rates, and people are frequently reluctant to give out information over the phone. This was also the case for most of the tourism businesses in the sample. When emailed or telephoned, they refused to participate for various reasons. Some stated that HIV does not affect their business; others reported that their businesses were too small and therefore they could not afford to implement these programmes. Some businesses were hearing about the WPP for the very first time, while several others responded with simple disinterest in participating. The findings of the study are that although tourism is viewed as an important industry that contributes to the economy, tourism businesses do not include any intervention programmes with which to respond to the threat of HIV and AIDS to their businesses. Additionally, there is neither leadership nor support from any level of the tourism industry, to create a conducive environment for the adoption of HIV and AIDS WPPs by tourism businesses. The primary reason for the lack of uptake of these programmes is ignorance across cascading levels of the tourism industry, which includes tourism businesses. Additionally, a number of perceived barriers, such as size of business, are cited as the reasons why tourism workplaces in the NMBM fail to participate in HIV and AIDS WPPs. It is anticipated that this study will create further awareness of HIV and AIDS WPPs, in an industry that seems to have limited knowledge about such programmes. This study will also provide guidance regarding the requirements to implement effective HIV and AIDS WPPs.
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Ikeakanam, Ottilie Tangeni Omuwa. "Infant feeding practices in the prevention of mother to child transmission in Onandjokwe district hospital, Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17794.
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Thesis (MCur)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The impact of infant feeding practices in the prevention of mother-to-childtransmission of HIV raised concerns in the field of health services. Breast feeding adds an additional 15-30% risk of HIV transmission to the infant; therefore, mothers who are HIV-positive are in need of information regarding safe infant feeding. A descriptive design for this particular study was applied with a primary quantitative approach. A convenient sample of sixty (n=60) participants between the ages of 15 – 37 were taken from subjects that enrolled in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programme in Onandjokwe district. The sample formed 85% of the target population (N=71). A structured questionnaire with closed and openended questions was used and completed by the researcher. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee at the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch. Permission to conduct the research was obtained from the Ministry of Health and Social Services, Namibia, and the Onandjokwe district Hospital. A pilot study was conducted that constituted 25% of the sample. Validity and reliability was insured by the pilot study and the consultation of an expert in HIV research and an expert in nursing research. The presentation of results was mostly descriptive in nature by using frequency tables and a pie chart. The results showed that all participants (n=60/100%) were offered HIV counselling and testing during antenatal care. Mothers who were HIV positive knew that there is a possibility that the baby might be infected through breast milk. Furthermore, the study found that 70% (n=42) of participants used breast feeding exclusively, 20% (n=12) used replacement feeding and 10% (n=6) used mixed feeding practices. It was concluded that pregnant women and mothers known to be HIV-infected should be informed of the infant feeding practice recommended by the national or subnational authority to improve HIV-free survival of HIV-exposed infants. This includes information about the risks and benefits of various infant feeding options based on local assessments and guidance in selecting the most suitable option for their own situation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die invloed van voedingspraktyke vir babas by die voorkoming van moeder-na-kindoordrag van die menslike immuungebrekvirus (MIV) het kommer op die gebied van gesondheidsdienste laat ontstaan. Borsvoeding dra ’n addisionele 15–30% risiko van MIV-oordrag tot die baba by en daarom benodig moeders wat MIV-positief is inligting ten opsigte van veilige voeding van hulle babas. 'n Beskrywende ontwerp vir hierdie besondere studie is gebruik tesame met 'n primêr kwantitatiewe benadering. 'n Gerieflikheidsteekproef van sestig (n=60) deelnemers tussen die ouderdomme 15–37 jaar is gekies uit persone wat ingeskryf het vir die voorkoming van moeder-na-kind-oordrag (VMNKO) program in Onandjokwe-distrik. Die steekproef het 85% van die teikenpopulasie (N=71) uitgemaak. 'n Gestruktureerde vraelys met geslote en oop vrae is gebruik en deur die navorser voltooi. Etiese goedkeuring vir die studie is verkry van die Etiese Kommitee van die Fakulteit Gesondheidswetenskappe, Universiteit Stellenbosch. Toestemming om die navorsing te doen, is verkry van die Ministerie van Gesondheid en Maatskaplike Dienste, Namibië, en die Onandjokwe Distrikshospitaal. 'n Loodsstudie is onderneem wat 25% van die steekproef behels het. Geldigheid en betroubaarheid is verseker deur die loodsstudie en oorlegpleging met 'n kundige op die gebied van MIV-navorsing en 'n kundige in verpleegnavorsing. Die aanbieding van resultate was meestal deskriptief van aard deur van frekwensietabelle en 'n sektordiagram gebruik te maak. Die resultate het getoon dat MIV-berading en -toetsing gedurende voorgeboortesorg aan alle deelnemers (n=60/100%) aangebied is. Moeders wat MIV-positief is, het geweet dat daar 'n moontlikheid bestaan dat die baba moontlik deur moedersmelk geïnfekteer kan word. Verder het die studie bevind dat 70% (n=42) van deelnemers uitsluitlik borsvoeding gebruik, 20% (n=12) gebruik ’n vervanging vir moedersmelk en 10% (n=6) gebruik gemengde voedingspraktyke. Daar is tot die slotsom gekom dat swanger vroue en moeders van wie bekend is dat hulle MIV-geïnfekteer is, ingelig behoort te word oor die babavoedingspraktyk aanbeveel deur die nasionale of subnasionale owerheid vir die verbetering van MIVvrye oorlewing van babas wat aan die MIV blootgestel is. Dit sluit in inligting oor die risiko’s en voordele van verskeie babavoedingsopsies gebaseer op plaaslike assesserings en leiding ten opsigte van die kies van die geskikste opsie vir hulle eie situasie.