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Journal articles on the topic 'HIV in the workplace – Namibia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Teweldemedhin, M. Y., J. Swartz, E. Kavita, and A. Siebert. "Assessment of the workplace programme for HIV/AIDS in the tourism industry sector of Namibia." Journal of AIDS and HIV Research 9, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jahr2016.0403.

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2

de Beer, Ingrid, Hannah M. Coutinho, Peter J. van Wyk, Esegiel Gaeb, Tobias Rinke de Wit, and Michèle van Vugt. "Anonymous HIV workplace surveys as an advocacy tool for affordable private health insurance in Namibia." Journal of the International AIDS Society 12, no. 1 (February 2009): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-2652-12-32.

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3

de Beer, Ingrid, Hannah M. Coutinho, Peter J. van Wyk, Esegiel Gaeb, Tobias de Wit, and Michèle van Vugt. "Anonymous HIV workplace surveys as an advocacy tool for affordable private health insurance in Namibia." Journal of the International AIDS Society 2, no. 1 (2009): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-2652-2-7.

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4

Kiderlen, Til R., Michael Conteh, Stephanie Roll, Stefanie Seeling, and Stefan Weinmann. "Cross-sectional study assessing HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and behavior in the Namibian truck transport sector: Readjusting HIV prevention programs in the workplace." Journal of Infection and Public Health 8, no. 4 (July 2015): 346–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2015.02.001.

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5

SFIKAS, PETER M. "HIV in the workplace." Journal of the American Dental Association 136, no. 8 (August 2005): 1169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2005.0323.

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6

Lim, Vivien K. G., and Geok Leng Loo. "HIV and the workplace." International Journal of Manpower 21, no. 2 (March 2000): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437720010331062.

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7

Namhindo, Eben-Eser Ndaamenwa, Fanghua Mei, Rui Cao, Shenghai Lai, Yufan Dai, Hong Lai, Meng Zhu, Huimin Fu, Huang Huang, and Jun Wang. "PrEP: AIDS-Free Hope in Namibia?" International Journal of Biology 10, no. 1 (December 21, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v10n1p13.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus that causes infections and over time leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV causes a loss of immune function in human and subsequent development of opportunistic infections. Namibia, one important country in West Africa, has been suffering HIV/AIDS incidence over years. Among people between 15 to 49 years old, the national HIV prevalence rate is more than 10%, which causes huge health and economic loss. Recently, Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been approved in Namibia for better prevention of HIV/AIDS. In this paper, we will review the current epidemic condition of HIV and the role played by PrEP in Namibia.

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8

Degroote, S., D. Vogelaers, R. Koeck, R. Borms, L. De Meulemeester, and D. Vandijck. "HIV disclosure in the workplace." Acta Clinica Belgica 69, no. 3 (March 13, 2014): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2295333714y.0000000013.

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9

Tri, Debra L. "HIV Testing in the Workplace." Nurse Practitioner 13, no. 11 (November 1988): 48???51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-198811000-00008.

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10

HECHT, GABRIELLE. "HOPES FOR THE RADIATED BODY: URANIUM MINERS AND TRANSNATIONAL TECHNOPOLITICS IN NAMIBIA." Journal of African History 51, no. 2 (July 2010): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853710000198.

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ABSTRACTThis article explores the transnational politics of technology and science at the Rössing uranium mine in Namibia. During the 1980s, Rössing workers refashioned surveillance technologies into methods for trade union action. When national independence in 1990 failed to produce radical ruptures in the workplace, union leaders engaged in technopolitical strategies of extraversion, and became knowledge producers about their own exposure to workplace contaminants. Appeals to outside scientific authority carried the political promise of international accountability. But engaging in science meant accepting its boundaries, and workers ultimately discovered that technopolitical power could be limiting as well as liberating.

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11

Moore, Graham. "Witch hunting HIV in the workplace." Nursing Standard 7, no. 35 (May 19, 1993): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.7.35.41.s50.

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12

Wilson, Petra. "HIV and AIDS in the Workplace." Work, Employment & Society 10, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 767–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017096010004010.

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13

Wilson, Petra. "HIV and AIDS in the Workplace." Work, Employment and Society 10, no. 4 (December 1996): 767–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017096104009.

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14

Russi, Mark. "HIV and AIDS in the Workplace." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 44, no. 6 (June 2002): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-200206000-00009.

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15

Amunyela, Johanna Magano, and Emmanuel Salvatory Magesa. "Knowledge of Teachers on Cultural Practices that Influence HIV/AIDS Transmission in Kavango West, Namibia." Global Journal of Health Science 13, no. 10 (September 3, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v13n10p43.

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BACKGROUND: In the world there are still ethnic groups that promotes cultural practices that may predispose people to HIV/AIDS transmission and hence increase HIV prevalence rate. Namibia is one of the countries that are badly affected by HIV/AIDS in the world, with Kavango West the worst-affected region in Namibia with the prevalence rate of 12.1%. This is the region where ethnic group known as Ukwangari is located. In Namibia, there are policies, guidelines, and programmes in place to manage the HIV/AIDS epidemic, however, the cultural practices regarding the transmission of HIV/AIDS are not well discussed, hence excluded when addressing prevention of HIV. AIM: Is to explore depth knowledge of basic education school teachers on cultural practices that influence HIV/AIDS transmission in Ukwangari culture in Nankudu district, Kavango West region, Namibia. METHODS: Qualitative, explorative contextual study was conducted to in which non-probability purposive sampling method was employed. Participants, who knew Ukwangari culture, were purposively selected and focus group discussion was conducted until data were saturated. Data were analysed using Tesch’s open coding system, where themes and sub themes that emerged from the discussion were identified. RESULTS: The findings indicate that basic education school teachers had fair knowledge about HIV/AIDS, while a few teachers had misinformation on culture and transmission of HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSION: There is a need to sensitise and educate basic education school teachers in Ukwangari community about their cultural practices that influence HIV/AIDS transmission. This will be possible by collaborating with various ministries and stakeholders.

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16

Dunaiski and Denning. "Estimated Burden of Fungal Infections in Namibia." Journal of Fungi 5, no. 3 (August 16, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof5030075.

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Namibia is a sub-Saharan country with one of the highest HIV infection rates in the world. Although care and support services are available that cater for opportunistic infections related to HIV, the main focus is narrow and predominantly aimed at tuberculosis. We aimed to estimate the burden of serious fungal infections in Namibia, currently unknown, based on the size of the population at risk and available epidemiological data. Data were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), and published reports. When no data existed, risk populations were used to estimate the frequencies of fungal infections, using the previously described methodology. The population of Namibia in 2011 was estimated at 2,459,000 and 37% were children. Among approximately 516,390 adult women, recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (≥4 episodes /year) is estimated to occur in 37,390 (3003/100,000 females). Using a low international average rate of 5/100,000, we estimated 125 cases of candidemia, and 19 patients with intra-abdominal candidiasis. Among survivors of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Namibia 2017, 112 new cases of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) are likely, a prevalence of 354 post-TB and a total prevalence estimate of 453 CPA patients in all. Asthma affects 11.2% of adults, 178,483 people, and so allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS) were estimated in approximately 179/100,000 and 237/100,000 people, respectively. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is estimated to affect 15 patients following leukaemia therapy, and an estimated 0.13% patients admitted to hospital with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (259) and 4% of HIV-related deaths (108) — a total of 383 people. The total HIV-infected population is estimated at 200,000, with 32,371 not on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Among HIV-infected patients, 543 cases of cryptococcal meningitis and 836 cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia are estimated each year. Tinea capitis infections were estimated at 53,784 cases, and mucormycosis at five cases. Data were missing for fungal keratitis and skin neglected fungal tropical diseases such as mycetoma. The present study indicates that approximately 5% of the Namibian population is affected by fungal infections. This study is not an epidemiological study—it illustrates estimates based on assumptions derived from similar studies. The estimates are incomplete and need further epidemiological and diagnostic studies to corroborate, amend them, and improve the diagnosis and management of these diseases.

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17

Russell, Colin, Kadija Tahlil, Margaret Davis, Anna Winston, Taimi Amaambo, Ndapewa Hamunime, Ismelda Pietersen, Michael R. Jordan, Alice M. Tang, and Steven Y. Hong. "Barriers to condom use among key populations in Namibia." International Journal of STD & AIDS 30, no. 14 (December 2019): 1417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462419875884.

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Key populations (KPs), particularly female sex workers (FSWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM), are at increased risk for HIV. Namibia is a global priority for HIV prevention interventions. Marginalized communities must be provided effective and culturally appropriate means to prevent HIV, namely condom use. This cross-sectional analysis of data collected by The Society for Family Health was conducted from 2016 to 2017 in Namibia. Demographics and consistent condom use (CCU) barriers were analyzed among 621 FSWs, MSM, and Other KPs. From the data, 37% FSWs, 24% MSM, and 28% Other KPs were HIV-positive. One-quarter of FSWs and Other KPs reported CCU, while 46% MSM reported CCU. Consistent condom users were more likely to be HIV-negative, have achieved a higher education and use condom-compatible lubricant (CCL). In a multivariate model, higher education, being HIV-negative, and always using CCL remained independent correlates of CCU. Substance use and condom unavailability were the most commonly identified barriers to CCU. FSWs reported client-focused reasons for not using condoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first peer-reviewed study assessing condom use behavior and associated factors among FSWs and MSM in Namibia.

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18

Rennie, Timothy, Melody Chipeio, Bubbles Udjombala, Christian Kraeker, and Christian John Hunter. "Evidence-Responsive Health Training to HIV/TB Risks in Namibia." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 101, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 905–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0308.

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19

Taffa, Negussie, Clay Roscoe, Souleymane Sawadogo, Michael De Klerk, Andrew L. Baughman, Adam Wolkon, Nicholus Mutenda, et al. "Pretreatment HIV drug resistance among adults initiating ART in Namibia." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 73, no. 11 (August 20, 2018): 3137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky278.

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20

Mufune, Pempelani. "Myths about condoms and HIV/AIDS in rural northern Namibia." International Social Science Journal 57, no. 186 (December 2005): 675–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2451.2005.00584.x.

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21

J, Sheehama. "HIV Positive Adults and Kaposi Sarcoma Cases Prevalence in Namibia." American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research 12, no. 4 (April 26, 2021): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34297/ajbsr.2021.12.001780.

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22

Rodts, Mary Faut, and Daniel R. Benson. "HIV Precautions for Prevention in the Workplace." Orthopaedic Nursing 11, no. 5 (September 1992): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006416-199209000-00010.

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23

O'brien, Gerald V., and Mara Koerkenmeier. "Persons with HIV/AIDS in the Workplace." Employee Assistance Quarterly 16, no. 3 (March 2001): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j022v16n03_02.

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24

Beima-Sofie, Kristin M., Laura Brandt, Ndapewa Hamunime, Mark Shepard, James Uusiku, Grace C. John-Stewart, and Gabrielle OʼMalley. "Pediatric HIV Disclosure Intervention Improves Knowledge and Clinical Outcomes in HIV-Infected Children in Namibia." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 75, no. 1 (May 2017): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000001290.

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25

Kalomo, Eveline Ndinelao, Jung Sim Jun, Kyoung Lee, and Mgori Nuru Kaddu. "HIV stigma, resilience and depressive symptoms among older adults living with HIV in rural Namibia." African Journal of AIDS Research 19, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2020.1797841.

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26

Aulagnier, Marielle, Wendy Janssens, Ingrid De Beer, Gert van Rooy, Esegiel Gaeb, Cees Hesp, Jacques van der Gaag, and Tobias F. Rinke de Wit. "Incidence of HIV in Windhoek, Namibia: Demographic and Socio-Economic Associations." PLoS ONE 6, no. 10 (October 4, 2011): e25860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025860.

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27

Schellekens, Onno P., Ingrid de Beer, Marianne E. Lindner, Michele van Vugt, Peter Schellekens, and Tobias F. Rinke de Wit. "Innovation In Namibia: Preserving Private Health Insurance And HIV/AIDS Treatment." Health Affairs 28, no. 6 (November 2009): 1799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.28.6.1799.

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28

Chinsembu, Kazhila C., Cornelia N. Shimwooshili-Shaimemanya, Choshi D. Kasanda, and Donovan Zealand. "Indigenous knowledge of HIV/AIDS among High School students in Namibia." Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 7, no. 1 (2011): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-7-17.

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29

Ashipala, Daniel Opotamutale, Esther Kamenye, Frans Muronga, and Len Tooley. "HIV Voluntary Counselling and Testing in Namibia: Status, Successes, and Barriers." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n1p162.

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Voluntary Counselling and Testing is one of the strategies to respond to the increasing number of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) new infections. The purpose of this study was to assess the current status of HIV Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) in Rundu urban and identify the barriers to fully effective service.The objectives of the study was to identify the barriers that prevents effective HIV Voluntary Counselling and testing services; asses its success and determine its status in urban, Namibia. A qualitative explorative and descriptive design was employed in this study where all health care and HIV/AIDS professionals including hospital nurses, employees and New Start VCT Centres, and representatives from relevant NGOs, Community-Based Organizations (CBOs), and the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS)providing Voluntary Counselling services in Rundu urban in Namibia were interviewed. In this study, in depth individual interview structured in accordance with interview guide was used. Content analysis method was employed to analyze the data. Themes that emerged from this study includes: Fear of a positive results (stigma that accompanies seropositivity) and lacks of perceived benefit to getting tested. In addition, financial barriers affecting the poorest populations in Rundu. To increase access and relevance of VCT services, it is recommended that the Ministry of Health and Social Services should develop more detailed counselling guidelines and increase the scope of counselling by addressing the inadequacies of current risk reduction. Despite these hopeful possibilities a number of barriers remains before VCT can be fully effective.

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30

Flanigan, Timothy P. "HIV Infection in the Workplace: Protecting the Vulnerable." Annals of Internal Medicine 117, no. 3 (August 1, 1992): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-3-267_1.

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31

Evatt, Bruce. "HIV infection at home and in the workplace." Journal of Clinical Apheresis 8, no. 3 (1993): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jca.2920080306.

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32

Blake, Holly, Basharat Hussain, Jenny Hand, David Rowlands, Amdani Juma, and Catrin Evans. "Employee perceptions of a workplace HIV testing intervention." International Journal of Workplace Health Management 11, no. 5 (October 2018): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-03-2018-0030.

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33

de Beer, Ingrid H., Huub C. Gelderblom, Onno Schellekens, Esegiel Gaeb, Gert van Rooy, Alta McNally, Ferdinand W. Wit, and Rinke de Wit F. Tobias. "University students and HIV in Namibia: an HIV prevalence survey and a knowledge and attitude survey." Journal of the International AIDS Society 15, no. 1 (2012): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-2652-15-9.

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34

Twinomugisha, Benedict, Fungisai Gwanzura Ottemöller, and Marguerite Daniel. "Exploring HIV-Related Stigma and Discrimination at the Workplace in Southwestern Uganda: Challenges and Solutions." Advances in Public Health 2020 (November 11, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8833166.

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Globally, the HIV/AIDS pandemic continues to have an enormous impact on affected societies. Despite several health promotion interventions being carried out, HIV/AIDS remains a major cause of deaths in low and middle income countries. At the workplace, the pandemic has brought about reduction in productivity, increased staff turnover, increased production costs, high levels of stigma, etc. HIV stigma is one of the main reasons why the pandemic has continued to devastate a number of societies around the world. HIV stigma presents barriers to HIV prevention in different settings including the workplace. Unlike large enterprises, small-scale enterprises have received less attention in the fight against HIV/AIDS. This study’s purpose was to explore how employers and employees can overcome challenges of HIV-related stigma at the workplace. This study employed a qualitative case study design. Data were collected from eighteen participants in three small-scale enterprises in Kabale. Findings indicate that small-scale enterprises are faced with the fear of HIV testing, status disclosure, staff turnover, suicidal thoughts, gossip, etc. Implementing operative national HIV workplace policies may enable small-scale enterprises to overcome challenges of HIV-related stigma at the workplace.

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35

Low, Andrea, Karam Sachathep, George Rutherford, Anne-Marie Nitschke, Adam Wolkon, Karen Banda, Leigh Ann Miller, et al. "Migration in Namibia and its association with HIV acquisition and treatment outcomes." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): e0256865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256865.

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Background In the 21st century, understanding how population migration impacts human health is critical. Namibia has high migration rates and HIV prevalence, but little is known about how these intersect. We examined the association between migration and HIV-related outcomes using data from the 2017 Namibia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (NAMPHIA). Methods and findings The NAMPHIA survey selected a nationally representative sample of adults in 2017. All adults aged 15–64 years were invited to complete an interview and home-based HIV test. Recent infection (<130 days) was measured using HIV-1 LAg avidity combined with viral load (>1000 copies/mL) and antiretroviral analyte data. Awareness of HIV status and antiretroviral use were based on self-report and/or detectable antiretrovirals in blood. Viremia was defined as having a viral load ≥1000 copies/mL, including all participants in the denominator regardless of serostatus. We generated community viremia values as a weighted proportion at the EA level, excluding those classified as recently infected. Significant migrants were those who had lived outside their current region or away from home >one month in the past three years. Recent cross-community in-migrants were those who had moved to the community <two years ago. Separate analyses were done to compare significant migrants to non-migrants and recent cross-community in-migrants to those who in-migrated >two years ago to determine the association of migration and timing with recent infection or viral load suppression (VLS). All proportions are weighted. Of eligible adults, we had HIV results and migration data on 9,625 (83.9%) of 11,474 women and 7,291 (73.0%) of 9,990 men. Most respondents (62.5%) reported significant migration. Of cross-community in-migrants, 15.3% were recent. HIV prevalence was 12.6% and did not differ by migration status. Population VLS was 77.4%. Recent cross-community in-migration was associated with recent HIV infection (aOR: 4.01, 95% CI 0.99–16.22) after adjusting for community viremia. Significant migration (aOR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55–0.97) and recent cross-community in-migration (aOR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.35–0.92) were associated with lower VLS, primarily due to lack of awareness of HIV infection. The study was limited by lack of precise data on trajectory of migration. Conclusions Despite a high population-level VLS, Namibia still has migrant populations that are not accessing effective treatment for HIV. Targeting migrants with effective prevention and testing programs in communities with viremia could enable further epidemic control.

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36

Mamman, Aminu, and Rhoda Bakuwa. "What Factors Influence the Adoption of Workplace Policies in African Organisations?: An Exploratory Study of Private Sector Companies' Adoption of Workplace Policies in Malawi." Journal of General Management 37, no. 3 (March 2012): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030630701203700303.

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Given the dearth of research on management innovation in Africa, this paper explores the factors influencing the adoption of workplace policies in African companies. The paper used a random sample of 152 private sector companies in Malawi to investigate the factors influencing the adoption of HIV/AIDS workplace policies. The hierarchical regression results indicate that organisational factors are the better predictors of the adoption of HIV/AIDS workplace policies in Malawi. Specifically, top management support and organisational size have been found to be the main predictors. However, the study also found significant correlations between the adoption of HIV/AIDS workplace policies and institutional factors. One of the main implications of the findings is that organisational factors might provide improved explanatory power in predicting the adoption of HIV/AIDS workplace policies in African companies.

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37

Jonas, Anna, Justice Gweshe, Milner Siboleka, Michael DeKlerk, Michael Gawanab, Alfons Badi, Victor Sumbi, et al. "HIV Drug Resistance Early Warning Indicators in Namibia for Public Health Action." PLoS ONE 8, no. 6 (June 7, 2013): e65653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065653.

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38

Gentz, Shelene G., Isabel Calonge Romano, Rosario Martínez-Arias, and Mónica Ruiz-Casares. "Predictors of mental health problems in adolescents living with HIV in Namibia." Child and Adolescent Mental Health 22, no. 4 (October 13, 2017): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/camh.12247.

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39

Creel, Alisha H., and Rajiv N. Rimal. "Factors related to HIV-testing behavior and interest in testing in Namibia." AIDS Care 23, no. 7 (March 9, 2011): 901–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2010.540227.

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40

Davyduke, Tracy, Ismelda Pietersen, David Lowrance, Selma Amwaama, and Miriam Taegtmeyer. "Opportunities for strengthening provider-initiated testing and counselling for HIV in Namibia." AIDS Care 27, no. 8 (March 16, 2015): 990–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2015.1020281.

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41

LeBeau, Debie, Tom Fox, Heine Becker, and Pempelani Mufune. "Agencies and structures facilitating the transmission of HIV/AIDS in Northern Namibia." Society in Transition 32, no. 1 (January 2001): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21528586.2001.10419030.

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42

Stegman, Peter, Bridget Stirling, Brad Corner, Melissa Schnure, Denis Mali, Ella Shihepo, Katharine Kripke, and Emmanuel Njeuhmeli. "Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV: Modelling Age Prioritization in Namibia." AIDS and Behavior 23, S2 (June 18, 2019): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-019-02556-y.

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43

Andersson, Neil, and Anne Cockcroft. "Choice-Disability and HIV Infection: A Cross Sectional Study of HIV Status in Botswana, Namibia and Swaziland." AIDS and Behavior 16, no. 1 (March 9, 2011): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-011-9912-3.

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44

McNabb, K., ML Keller, and Bernadine T. Markey. "Nurses' risk taking regarding HIV transmission in the workplace." AORN Journal 55, no. 4 (April 1992): 1105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)70363-0.

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45

McNabb, Katherine, and Mary L. Keller. "Nurses' Risk Taking Regarding HIV Transmission in the Workplace." Western Journal of Nursing Research 13, no. 6 (December 1991): 732–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019394599101300605.

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46

Goss, David. "FOCUS: The Ethics of HIV/AIDS and the Workplace." Business Ethics: A European Review 2, no. 3 (July 1993): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.1993.tb00035.x.

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47

Notkola, Veijo, Harri Siiskonen, and Riikka Shemeikka. "The Causes of Changes in Fertility in Northern Namibia." Finnish Yearbook of Population Research 51 (April 27, 2017): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23979/fypr.60262.

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The main aim of this study was to analyse fertility change in Ovamboland (North-Central Namibia) (1927–2010) and the Kavango region (North-East Namibia) (1935–1979) in Northern Namibia. According to the results, the fertility change was quite similar in both areas: fertility declined during the 1950s compared to the preceding period, 1935–1949. We can assume that the main reason for this early fertility decline was changes in the number of migrant workers (out-migration), which caused changes in both the marriage age and birth intervals. In both Ovamboland and in the Kavango region, fertility increased from the late 1950s into the early 1960s and the fertility transition started at the end of the 1970s. In both areas, the increase in fertility during thelate 1950s and early 1960s was probably due to the improved health situation. Fertility transition started at the end of the 1970s, but mortality had already started to decline before that. The main causes of this declining fertility at the end of the 1970s and during the 1980s were improved access to modern methods of contraception and probably also the increased level of education. As a result of the HIV epidemic, mortality increased in Ovamboland at the end of the 1990s and early 2000s. The declining fertility in the same period was probably linked to this increased mortality due to AIDS, while the increased fertility after 2008 is, in turn, probably linked to management of the HIV epidemic.

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48

Shikulo, Peneyambeko Ipawa, Louise Pretorius, Ndapeua Shifiona, and Daniel Opotamutale Ashipala. "Knowledge on HIV Prevention Measures Among Male Learners in Secondary Schools in Oshana Region, Namibia." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 5 (March 29, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n5p10.

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Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has continued to pose significant social, economic and developmental challenges worldwide.The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge on HIV prevention among male learners in secondary schools in Oshana Region. The objectives of the study were to: assess and describe the knowledge of male learners in Secondary Schools in Oshana Region about HIV preventive measures. A quantitative, cross sectional design, based on the self-report of the participants, was utilized to achieve the aim of the study. Findings of this study showed that 95.4% had knowledge that HIV can be prevented by consistent and correct use of a condom during sexual intercourse. It has become evident that much still need to be done to make HIV prevention among youth more effective.It is hereby recommended that the Ministry of Education takes the lead to educate the learners on HIV preventive and control measures.

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Utuk, Idongesit Godwin, Kayode Omoniyi Osungbade, Taiwo Akinyode Obembe, David Ayobami Adewole, and Victoria Oluwabunmi Oladoyin. "Stigmatising Attitudes Towards Co-workers with HIV in the Workplace of a Metropolitan State, Southwestern Nigeria." Open AIDS Journal 11, no. 1 (October 12, 2017): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601711010067.

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Background:Despite demonstrating global concerns about infection in the workplace, very little research has explored how co-workers react to those living with HIV in the workplace in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to assess the level of stigmatising attitude towards co-workers living with HIV in the workplace.Methods:The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey involving 403 respondents. They were recruited from selected companies through a multistage sampling technique. Survey was carried out using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences to generate frequencies, cross tabulations of variables at 5% level of significance. Logistic regression model was used to determine the predictors at 95% confidence intervals.Results:Mean age of respondents was 32.9 ± 9.4 years with 86.1% being females. Overall, slightly below two-third (63.0%) had good knowledge on transmission of HIV/AIDS while 218 (54.1%) respondents had a high stigmatising attitude towards co-workers with HIV in the workplace. More female respondents (69.6%) demonstrated high stigmatising attitudes towards co-workers with HIV in the workplace (p = 0.012). Female workers were twice more likely to have high stigmatising attitudes towards co-worker with HIV [OR 2.1 (95% CI: 1.13 – 3.83)].Conclusion:Stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDs is still very persistent in different settings. Good knowledge amongst our participants about HIV/AIDs did not translate to low stigmatising attitudes among workers. Concerted efforts and trainings on the transmission of HIV/AIDs are essential to reduce stigma that is still very prevalent in workplace settings.

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Mitonga, Kabwebwe Honore, Banza Françoise Mwikume, and Shilunga Anna Panduleni Kauko. "Community diagnosis in oshakati, oshana region -Namibia." International Journal of Medicine 5, no. 1 (February 25, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v5i1.7257.

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This paper aimed to diagnose the community of Oshakati community in Oshana region in the northern part of the Republic of Namibia by providing an overall picture of the local community and the residents’ concerns, the health problems and challenges and suggest priority areas for health intervention and the feasible solutions.A survey was conducted using self-administered questionnaires, face to face interviews, focus groups.The main problems identified are: teenage pregnancies due to unprotected sex and early sexual behaviors, promiscuity by means of poverty, alcohol and drug abuse resulting in stab wounds, uncontrolled behaviors, domestic violence, assault and crime, high levels of unemployment, stress and depression, TB, HIV with growing number of orphans, diarrhea and respiratory infections.The survey conducted in Oshakati has shown that the assessment of the community is useful in identifying the important problems and needs for the community; the cultural, social, economic, environmental factors have to be considered for good health reform. The resources are available and should be utilized for active participation of the people and implication of the authorities in health promotion by identifying and prioritizing problems of the community they serve.

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