Relevant bibliographies by topics / HIV - infected childrens

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Academic literature on the topic 'HIV - infected childrens'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "HIV - infected childrens"

1

Lawal, Mary Adetola, Oluwafunmilayo Funke Adeniyi, Patricia Eyanya Akintan, Abideen Olurotimi Salako, Olorunfemi Sunday Omotosho, and Edamisan Olusoji Temiye. "Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B and C viral co-infections in HIV infected children in Lagos, Nigeria." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): e0243656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243656.

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Introduction The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B and C viral co-infections in HIV infected children in Lagos. Method A cross-sectional study conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B and C viral co-infection in children aged 2 months to 13 years. There were 187 HIV infected and 187 HIV naïve age, sex-matched controls. Blood samples of participants were assayed for the serologic markers [HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HCV)] of HBV and HCV viral infections using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Result The prevalence of HBV infection using HBsAg was 5.3% and 4.8% (p = 0.814), among HIV-infected and HIV naïve children respectively, while using anti-HBc the prevalence was 7.0% and 7.5% (p = 0.842) among HIV- infected and HIV naïve children respectively. The prevalence of HCV infection among HIV- infected and HIV naive children were equal to 0.5% (p = 1.000). There was also no significant association with the identifiable risk factors (sharing of a toothbrush, sharing of needles, incision marks/tattoo, hepatitis B immunization status, history of blood transfusion, previous surgical operation, sexual exposure/abuse, history of jaundice, and genital circumcision) and the HBV and or HCV status among both groups of children. History of sexual exposure/abuse and history of jaundice were however found to be predictors of the presence of HBsAg among HIV infected children only, using a binary logistic regression model. Conclusion The prevalence of HBV and or HCV infection among HIV-infected children is similar to the prevalence among HIV naïve children, suggesting that HIV-infected children are not more predisposed to viral hepatitis than healthy children. Also, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of HBV infection irrespective of the use of HBsAg or anti-HBc.
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Anigilaje, Emmanuel Ademola, and Ayodotun Olutola. "Prevalence and Clinical and Immunoviralogical Profile of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Coinfection among Children in an Antiretroviral Therapy Programme in Benue State, Nigeria." ISRN Pediatrics 2013 (April 3, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/932697.

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Background. Nigeria has the world largest burden of paediatric HIV and is also highly endemic for Hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, relatively little is known regarding the prevalence of HBV-HIV coinfections among Nigerian children. Methods. A retrospective study among treatment naive HIV-infected children attending the pediatric clinic of the APIN Plus/Harvard PEPFAR program of the Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, between June 2008 and June 2012. Results. The mean age of the 395 subjects studied was 7.53±4.23 years. Thirty-one subjects (7.8%) were positive for HBV. No subject was HIV-HBV-HCV triply infected. Significantly higher HIV-HBC coinfections were found, in older subjects (11–15 years), subjects that did not receive nor complete Hepatitis B vaccinations, and subjects that had a severe immunosuppression of < 15% with respective P values of 0.00, 0.01, and 0.00. HIV-HBV co-infection did not significantly impact on other baseline characteristics including, gender, WHO clinical stage, median absolute CD4 count, mean viral load, median ALT, and hepatotoxicity. Conclusion. A high seroprevalence of HBV among this cohort of HIV-infected children contributes to the calls for pre-ART screening for HBV and the necessary paradigm shift in the ART nucleoside backbone to include agent(s) more dually effective against HIV and HBV.
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G. Kalaivani, G. Kalaivani, and Dr Sundara Raj T. Dr. Sundara Raj. T. "Social Stigma of Hiv/Aids Parents: Infected and Affected Children." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 2 (October 1, 2011): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/feb2014/175.

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Mani Pandey, Chandra, and Anubha Shrivastava. "Clinical Profile of HIV Infected Children 18 months – 15 years of Age." Pediatric Education and Research 4, no. 3 (2016): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/per.2321.1644.4316.1.

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OTERO, Renata A., Flávia N. N. NASCIMENTO, Ivete P. R. SOUZA, Raquel C. SILVA, Rodrigo S. LIMA, Tatiana F. ROBAINA, Fernando P. CÂMARA, Norma SANTOS, and Gloria F. CASTRO. "LACK OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HERPESVIRUS DETECTION IN SALIVA AND GINGIVITIS IN HIV‑INFECTED CHILDREN." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 57, no. 3 (June 2015): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652015000300007.

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The aims of this study were to compare the detection of human herpesviruses (HHVs) in the saliva of HIV-infected and healthy control children, and to evaluate associations between viral infection and gingivitis and immunodeficiency. Saliva samples were collected from 48 HIV-infected and 48 healthy control children. Clinical and laboratory data were collected during dental visits and from medical records. A trained dentist determined gingival indices and extension of gingivitis. Saliva samples were tested for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) by nested polymerase chain reaction assays. Thirty-five HIV-infected and 16 control children had gingivitis. Seventeen (35.4%) HIV-infected children and 13 (27%) control children were positive for HHVs. CMV was the most commonly detected HHV in both groups (HIV-infected, 25%; control, 12.5%), followed by HSV-1 (6.2% in both groups) and HSV-2 (HIV-infected, 4.2%; control, 8.3%). The presence of HHVs in saliva was not associated with the presence of gingivitis in HIV-1-infected children (p = 0.104) or healthy control children (p = 0.251), or with immunosuppression in HIV-infected individuals (p = 0.447). Gingivitis was correlated with HIV infection (p = 0.0001). These results suggest that asymptomatic salivary detection of HHVs is common in HIV-infected and healthy children, and that it is not associated with gingivitis.
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Ziegner, Ulrike, Donald Campbell, Kent Weinhold, Ian Frank, Richard Rutstein, and Stuart E. Starr. "Deficient Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Expressing Target Cells in Perinatal HIV Infection." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 6, no. 5 (September 1, 1999): 718–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.6.5.718-724.1999.

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ABSTRACT Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children, age-matched HIV-seronegative controls, and HIV-infected asymptomatic and symptomatic adults were compared for their ability to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity against target cells expressing HIV or herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigens. Target cells consisted of CD4 lymphocytes purified from PBMC of HIV-seronegative adults and incubated with the IIIB strain of HIV, HUT78 cells chronically infected with IIIB, and HSV-infected human fibroblasts. PBMC of asymptomatic HIV-infected adults were generally able to lyse CD4 cells expressing HIV antigens. Direct correlation was found between the magnitude of lysis and absolute CD4 cell counts in these individuals. In contrast to these results, PBMC from HIV-infected children were generally unable to lyse IIIB-expressing CD4 cells, regardless of the children’s clinical status, age, or absolute CD4 cell counts. Cells from HIV-seronegative adults and children did not directly lyse these target cells either but, in contrast to cells of HIV-seropositive children, were able to mediate cell lysis when serum from an HIV-seropositive adult was added. However, effector cells from these HIV-infected children were able to mediate both ADCC against HSV-infected fibroblasts and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against IIIB-infected HUT78 cells. Reduced ability of PBMC from vertically HIV-infected children to mediate ADCC against HIV antigen-expressing CD4 cells may contribute to rapid progression to AIDS.
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Karim, AKM Rezaul, Afiqul Islam, Choudhury Yakub Jamal, Abdul Matin, Md Monir Hossain, Mohammad Shafiullah, and Rehnuma Urmi. "Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Among Multitransfused Thalassaemic Children in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 37, no. 3 (April 18, 2014): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v37i3.18618.

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Background: Thalassaemia is a congenital hemolytic disease caused by defective globin chain synthesis of haemoglobin and largely treated by repeated blood transfusions. Transfusion-transmitted infections still make a great challenge in the management of patients with thalassaemia major. The most important worldwide transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) are hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite concern about a possible increase in the incidence of these infections there are no recent data about the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV from Bangladesh. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus in multi-transfused thalassaemia patients (MTP), to identify the possible risk factors and to evaluate the effect of compulsory screening of blood to prevent these infections. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2011 to 2012 on 100 consecutive multi-transfused thalassaemic patients who were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and tested for serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus (Anti-HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (Anti-HIV 1+2). Results: The overall prevalence of HCV, HBV, HIV and co-infection among (MTP) were 31%, 3%, 0% and 1%, respectively. Children who developed infection had a higher incidence of receiving transfusion from professional donors or unknown donors than the non-infected ones. Infected children had a higher frequency of receiving transfusions without screening and receiving more number of transfusions than their counterpart. Other non-transfusion related (NTR) risk factors such as surgical operation, dental procedures, needle stick injury were significantly higher in patients who acquired transfusion transmitted infections (TTI). Conclusions: HCV infection was the most prevalent transfusion transmitted infection (TTI) among multi-transfused thalassaemia patients (MTP) and remains a major health problem for these patients. Children who received transfusion from professional donors and received unscreened blood had more chance of getting infection with transfusion transmitted infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v37i3.18618 Bangladesh J Child Health 2013; Vol.37(3): 146-153
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Savinkov, P. A., T. N. Rybalkina, N. V. Karazhas, R. E. Boshyan, M. Yu Kalugina, M. N. Kornienko, E. V. Rusakova, E. M. Burmistrov, and I. A. Soldatova. "DETECTION OF MARKERS OF HERPES VIRUS INFECTION AND PNEUMOCYSTOSIS IN CHILDREN FROM HIV-INFECTED MOTHERS." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, no. 4 (August 28, 2017): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2017-4-67-74.

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Aim. Study the role of herpes viruses and pneumocystis in infectious complications in children from HIV-infected mothers. Materials and methods. Sera and blood cells from 59 children from HIV-infected mothers were studied for the presence of various markers of herpes virus infections and pneumocystosis by a complex of methods of modem laboratory diagnostics. Results. Frequency of detection of markers of herpes virus infection was from 10% for chicken pox in children with non-final HIV test to 93% for herpes simplex virus in HIV-infected children from closed organized groups. Signs of active infection in children with laboratory confirmed HIV infection were diagnosed 2.5 times more frequently for HSV infection and chicken pox and 1.8 times more frequently for HHV-6 and pneumocystis than in children with non-final HIV test. Markers of various disease stages with opportunistic infections (01) were detected in children with confirmed HIV-infection: primary acute and latent forms of the infection, reactivation, reconvalescence, whereas in children with non-final HIV test maternal antibodies against herpes virus and pneumocystis predominated. Markers of active infections excluding HSV and HHV-6 were more frequently detected in children from families than in children from closed organized groups. Conclusion. The feature detected - a lower percentage of detection of markers of active forms of 01 in HI V-infected children from social institutions - is determined by the fact that observation of these children is carried out by medical personnel that have the knowledge and experience of prophylaxis of infectious complications in HIV-infected children, whereas quality anti-epidemic regimen is frequently not maintained regarding home children with HIV infection. Another factor facilitating spread of opportunistic infections is the asocial lifestyle of most of the examined families. These data dictate the necessity of enhancement of anti-epidemic regimen and prophylaxis of opportunistic infections in family loci. Not only HIV-infected children, but also all the family members should be examined for markers of herpes virus infection and pneumocystosis in order to detect sources of the infection and timely execution of the prophylaxis measures.
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McNutt, Briar. "The Under-Enrollment of HIV-infected Foster Children in Clinical Trials and Protocols and the Need for Corrective State Action." American Journal of Law & Medicine 20, no. 3 (1994): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800007164.

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The incidence of HIV infection and AIDS in children has grown at an alarming rate. Approximately one million children worldwide have HIV infection. By the year 2000, an estimated ten million children will suffer from the disease. Currently, the United States has a population of an estimated 10,000 to 20,000 HIV-infected children. As of June 30, 1993, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported 4,710 known AIDS cases in children twelve years-old and younger. At that point, New York City reported 1,124 pediatric AIDS cases which represented twenty-four percent of all cases in the United States.With the rising number of HIV-infected children, the medical community in the United States has begun to search for HIV-and AIDS-related treatments particularized for children. In addition to establishing guidelines for HIV-infected children's frequent check-ups and timely immunizations, the medical community has initiated research studies involving HIV-infected children.
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Ba, Abou, Fatou K. Ndiaye, Yaay J. Djeng, Cecile Cames, Aminata Diack, and Ousmane Ndiaye. "Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Chronic Hepatitis B Serological Markers among Senegalese HIV Co-infected Children." International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA) 8, no. 2 (November 27, 2019): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijma.321.

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Background: Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes complex interactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence and HBV evolution among HIV coinfected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 252 HIV infected children enrolled in the H
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "HIV - infected childrens"

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Ripari, Valéria Rocha [UNESP]. "Níveis séricos de IgE total em crianças infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104687.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:06:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ripari_vr_me_botfm.pdf: 630015 bytes, checksum: a0b3099a4a3f8f782d7e68393790552a (MD5)
A progressão da doença na criança infectada pelo HIV associou-se à elevação do nível sérico de IgE total em alguns estudos. O mecanismo responsável por esta elevação ainda não foi claramente elucidado. O desbalanço na produção e liberação de citocinas de perfil Th1 e Th2, que ocorre após a infecção pelo HIV, tem sido proposto como um possível mecanismo para a elevação da IgE. Foram avaliadas neste estudo, 29 crianças de ambos os sexos, infectadas pelo HIV, acompanhadas no Ambulatório de Imunologia Pediátrica da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu-UNESP, com idade variando de 3 a 182 meses, com o objetivo de analisar os níveis séricos de IgE nessas crianças e sua correlação com presença de categorias clínicas e imunológicas mais graves, carga viral elevada e aumento da prevalência de alergia. A classificação clínica destes pacientes mostrou duas crianças (6,9%) na categoria N, sete (24,14%) na A, 12 (41,38%) na B e oito (27,58%) na C. Já a classificação imunológica mostrou três crianças (10,3%) na categoria 1, 16(55,2%) na 2 e 10 (34,5%) na 3. Após a aplicação do questionário alergológico, 11 crianças (37,93%) apresentaram história positiva de sintomas alérgicos, e quatro destes pacientes (13,79%) apresentaram teste cutâneo de hipersensibilidade imediata positivo a um ou mais dos aeroalérgenos testados. Os resultados mostraram níveis elevados de IgE em 17 crianças (58,62%), e estes foram numericamente maiores nos pacientes pertencentes à categoria clínica mais grave (C) em relação àqueles das outras categorias clínicas, mas sem diferença estatisticamente significante. Não foi encontrada diferença entre a freqüência de crianças com IgE elevada pertencentes às categorias clínicas e imunológicas mais graves e aquelas mais leves...
The progression of the disease in the infected child by HIV toke part in the elevation of the serum level of total IgE in some studies. The mechanism responsible for this elevation was still not clearly elucidated. The oscillation in the production and liquidation of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, that occur after the infection by HIV, have been proposed as a possible mechanism to the IgE elevation. In this study was evaluated 29 children of both sex, infected by HIV, accompanied in the Clinic of Pediatric Immunology of Botucatu Medical School - UNESP, with ages from 3 to 182 months, with the objective of analyze the serum levels of IgE in these children and the co-relation with the presence of the categories clinic and immunological more severe, high load viral and increase of the allergic diseases prevalence. The clinic classification of these patients showed two children (6,9%) in N category, seven (24,14%) in B and eight (27,58%) in C. While the immunologic classification showed three children (10,3%) in the category 1, sixteen (55,2%) in the 2 and ten (34,5%) in the 3. After the application of the allergologic questionnaire, eleven children (37,93%) presented positive history of allergic symptoms, and four of these patients (13,79%) presented positive immediate cutaneous hypersensitive test to one or more of the inhalant allergens tested. The outcomes showed high levels of IgE in 17 children (58,62%), and these were numerically greater in the patients in the more severe clinic category (C) in relation to those of the others clinic categories, but without significant statically difference. The difference between the frequency of children with high IgE in the clinic and immunologic categories more severe and that more soft was not founded. The load viral values were significantly lower in the group... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
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Ripari, Valéria Rocha. "Níveis séricos de IgE total em crianças infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104687.

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Orientador: Antonio Zuliani
Resumo: A progressão da doença na criança infectada pelo HIV associou-se à elevação do nível sérico de IgE total em alguns estudos. O mecanismo responsável por esta elevação ainda não foi claramente elucidado. O desbalanço na produção e liberação de citocinas de perfil Th1 e Th2, que ocorre após a infecção pelo HIV, tem sido proposto como um possível mecanismo para a elevação da IgE. Foram avaliadas neste estudo, 29 crianças de ambos os sexos, infectadas pelo HIV, acompanhadas no Ambulatório de Imunologia Pediátrica da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu-UNESP, com idade variando de 3 a 182 meses, com o objetivo de analisar os níveis séricos de IgE nessas crianças e sua correlação com presença de categorias clínicas e imunológicas mais graves, carga viral elevada e aumento da prevalência de alergia. A classificação clínica destes pacientes mostrou duas crianças (6,9%) na categoria N, sete (24,14%) na A, 12 (41,38%) na B e oito (27,58%) na C. Já a classificação imunológica mostrou três crianças (10,3%) na categoria 1, 16(55,2%) na 2 e 10 (34,5%) na 3. Após a aplicação do questionário alergológico, 11 crianças (37,93%) apresentaram história positiva de sintomas alérgicos, e quatro destes pacientes (13,79%) apresentaram teste cutâneo de hipersensibilidade imediata positivo a um ou mais dos aeroalérgenos testados. Os resultados mostraram níveis elevados de IgE em 17 crianças (58,62%), e estes foram numericamente maiores nos pacientes pertencentes à categoria clínica mais grave (C) em relação àqueles das outras categorias clínicas, mas sem diferença estatisticamente significante. Não foi encontrada diferença entre a freqüência de crianças com IgE elevada pertencentes às categorias clínicas e imunológicas mais graves e aquelas mais leves... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The progression of the disease in the infected child by HIV toke part in the elevation of the serum level of total IgE in some studies. The mechanism responsible for this elevation was still not clearly elucidated. The oscillation in the production and liquidation of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, that occur after the infection by HIV, have been proposed as a possible mechanism to the IgE elevation. In this study was evaluated 29 children of both sex, infected by HIV, accompanied in the Clinic of Pediatric Immunology of Botucatu Medical School - UNESP, with ages from 3 to 182 months, with the objective of analyze the serum levels of IgE in these children and the co-relation with the presence of the categories clinic and immunological more severe, high load viral and increase of the allergic diseases prevalence. The clinic classification of these patients showed two children (6,9%) in N category, seven (24,14%) in B and eight (27,58%) in C. While the immunologic classification showed three children (10,3%) in the category 1, sixteen (55,2%) in the 2 and ten (34,5%) in the 3. After the application of the allergologic questionnaire, eleven children (37,93%) presented positive history of allergic symptoms, and four of these patients (13,79%) presented positive immediate cutaneous hypersensitive test to one or more of the inhalant allergens tested. The outcomes showed high levels of IgE in 17 children (58,62%), and these were numerically greater in the patients in the more severe clinic category (C) in relation to those of the others clinic categories, but without significant statically difference. The difference between the frequency of children with high IgE in the clinic and immunologic categories more severe and that more soft was not founded. The load viral values were significantly lower in the group... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Mestre
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3

Sefe, D. K. "T cell kinetics in HIV infected children." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1310446/.

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Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus, type 1 (HIV-1) is associated with a gradual progressive decline in the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Effective treatment suppresses viral replication and is accompanied by a concomitant increase in the number of CD4+ T cells. Immune reconstitution of CD4+ T cells in children following treatment is characterised by a sustained increase of naïve cells, a pattern that differs from that seen in adults. The aim of this thesis was to explore how these changes occur. CD4+ T cells in blood samples from HIV-1 infected children were identified, divided into sub-populations and analysed for apoptosis, proliferation, activation and differentiation by flow cytometry. Four CD4+ T cell sub-populations, with varying contributions to the total CD4+ T cell pool were thus identified: (i) recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) made up the largest population yet maintained very low levels of proliferation despite increased viral replication and cellular activation, and were consistently greater in children with undetectable viraemia; (ii) central naïve cells, which were fairly constant in HIV-1 infected children of all ages regardless of CD4 count; (iii) CD31- memory cells that increased as CD4 count fell and (iv) CD31+ memory cells that despite their high level of activation and proliferation remained a small population across age, viral load and CD4 count. Treatment interruption and the resulting increased viraemia and decreased CD4 count were associated with only transient changes to the percentage contribution of each subset, which supports the existence of a setpoint for each subpopulation. This thesis infers the importance of thymic output in maintaining the CD4 count and hence the potential for using RTEs in monitoring response to treatment and sheds light on the role and origin of CD31+ memory cells as a small but highly activated population that may be important in disease pathogenesis.
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Smith, Lara. "Neurocognitive outcome of HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy at Red Cross Children's Hospital." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11190.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-59).
Central nervous system involvement contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality of paediatric HIV infection. The spectrum of CNS morbidity varies from minor developmental disabilities to severe, progressive encephalopathy. Therefore regular developmental evaluation should be regarded as an essential component of the overall care of HIV-infected children. Antiretroviral therapy may arrest or even reverse neurocognitive and motor deficits associated with HIV infection.
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Gerlach, Undine Ariane. "Interruption of antiretroviral treatment in HIV-infected children." Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-26945.

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Innes, Steven Eugene Vere. "Lipoatrophy in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79864.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
Bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Lipoatrophy is a common adverse effect of stavudine and this effect is strongly dose-dependent. Stavudine remains the most commonly used paediatric antiretroviral drug in sub-Saharan Africa, yet when the current study began in 2009, the prevalence and severity of lipoatrophy in children on antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa had never been studied. The development of lipoatrophy may have serious and far-reaching consequences for patients and their families. The off-label stavudine dosing method, prescribed to children whose caregivers do not have access to a refrigerator, in which the contents of an adult capsule is mixed into tap water, has potential for over-dosing or under-dosing. In addition, children on stavudine continue to be exposed to a disproportionately high dose out of line with the reduced adult dose. Aims: 1. a) To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for lipoatrophy in HIV-infected children in Southern Africa b) To identify a simple anthropometric screening tool to detect early lipoatrophy in children 2. To validate the off-label stavudine dosing method prescribed to children whose caregivers do not have access to a refrigerator, with a view to reducing the recommended dose and thereby the side-effects. Methods: 1. a) We recruited pre-pubertal children on antiretroviral therapy from a family HIV clinic in our facility. Lipoatrophy was identified by two experienced paediatric HIV clinicians using a standardized grading scale. A dietician performed dietary assessment and anthropometric measurements. Previous antiretroviral exposures were recorded. A subset of recruits received Dual-Energy X-ray Absorbtiometry scanning. b) Anthropometric measurements in children with and without lipoatrophy were compared using multivariate linear regression adjusting for age and gender. The most discerning anthropometric variables underwent Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis to identify the most appropriate diagnostic cut-off. 2. a) Accuracy of the standard off-label stavudine dosing method was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography to recover active drug from solutions made up using the prescribed method. This was compared to the stated drug content of the capsules. b) Bioavailability was investigated by performing a randomized crossover pharmacokinetic study wherein healthy HIV-seronegative adult volunteers received one of two generic stavudine capsule formulations, either intact or mixed in water using the prescribed method. Plasma stavudine concentrations were assayed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results: 1. a) Prevalence of lipoatrophy was 36%, and incidence was 12% per person-year. Adjusted odds ratio for developing lipoatrophy was 1.9 (CI: 1.3–2.9) for each additional year of accumulated exposure to standard-dose stavudine. b) Baseline biceps skin-fold thickness correlated well with maximum lipoatrophy grading score at any site, giving a partial correlation coefficient of 0.33 (p=0.0006), and a receiver operating characteristic area-under-curve value of 0.75 (CI: 0.64 – 0.84). Biceps skin-fold thickness <5mm at baseline had a sensitivity of 89% (CI: 67–100%) and a negative predictive value of 97% (CI: 91–100%) for predicting which children would go on to develop lipoatrophy by 15 month follow-up. Specificity was 60% (CI: 46–75%) and positive predictive value was 32% (CI: 14–50%). 2. a) Recovery of active drug from solution was 97.1%, 97.4% and 93.8% for the proprietary and two generic formulations respectively. b) Pharmacokinetic parameters of the off-label dosing method were well within the target range of intact capsule dosing for both generics. Conclusions: 1. a) The prevalence and incidence of lipoatrophy in pre-pubertal children on antiretroviral therapy in South Africa is high. Cumulative exposure to standard-dose stavudine was the greatest risk factor for lipoatrophy. b) Biceps skin-fold thickness provided reasonable sensitivity and specificity to detect and predict lipoatrophy in pre-pubertal children on antiretroviral therapy. 2. The off-label dosing method for stavudine prescribed to children whose caregivers do not have access to a refrigerator is reasonably accurate and is bioequivalent to intact capsule administration.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: Lipoatrofie is 'n algemene nadelige uitwerking van stavudien en hierdie effek is sterk dosis-afhanklike. Stavudien bly die mees algemeen gebruikte paediatriese antiretrovirale medikasie in sub-Sahara Afrika, maar toe ons studie begin het, was lipoatrofie in kinders op antiretrovirale terapie in sub-Sahara Afrika nog nooit voorheen bestudeer nie. Die ontwikkeling van lipoatrofie kan ernstige en verreikende gevolge vir die pasiënt en hul familie hê. Die af-etiket stavudien dosering metode voorgeskryf aan kinders wie se versorgers nie toegang tot 'n yskas het nie het 'n aansienlike potensiäal vir oor-dosering of onder-dosering. Daarbenewens, is kinders op stavudien blootgestel aan 'n disproporsionele hoë dosis uit-pas met die verminderde volwasse dosis. Doelwitte: 1. a) Om ondersoek in te stel na die voorkoms en risiko faktore vir lipoatrofie in MIV-geïnfekteerde kinders in Suid Afrika b) Om 'n eenvoudige antropometriese instrument te identifiseer om vroeë lipoatrofie op te spoor in kinders op antiretrovirale medikasie 2. Om die af-etiket stavudien dosering metode wat voorgeskryf is aan kinders wie se versorgers nie toegang tot 'n yskas het nie te valideer, met 'n oog op die vermindering van die aanbevole dosis Metodes: 1. a) Ons het 'n groep van onder-puberteitsjarige kinders op antiretrovirale terapie gewerf uit 'n familie MIV kliniek in ons fasiliteit. Lipoatrofie is geïdentifiseer deur twee ervare MIV pediaters deur gebruik van 'n gestandaardiseerde gradering skaal. 'n Diëetkundige het diëet assessering en antropometriese metings uitgevoer. Vorige antiretrovirale blootstellings is aangeteken. In 'n subset was Dual-energie X-straal Absorbtiometry (DXA) skandering uitgevoer. b) Antropometriese metings in kinders met en sonder lipoatrofie is vergelyk met behulp van meerveranderlike lineêre regressie aangepas vir ouderdom en geslag. Die mees kieskeurige antropometriese veranderlikes het Receiver Operating Curve analise ondergaan om die mees geskikte diagnostiese afgesnypunt te identifiseer. 2. a) Akkuraatheid is ondersoek deur gebruik te maak van hoë werkverrigting vloeistofchromatografie om aktiewe medikasie vanuit oplossings te herstel, wat gemeng is soos aangedui deur die voorgeskrewe af-etiket dosering metode. b) Biobeskikbaarheid is ondersoek deur die uitvoering van 'n ewekansige oorgesteekde farmakokinetiese studie waarin gesonde MIV- negatiewe volwasse vrywilligers een van twee generiese stavudien kapsule formulerings ontvang het, óf heel of in water gemeng soos aangedui deur die voorgeskrewe af-etiket dosering metode. Plasma stavudien konsentrasies is gemeet deur vloeistofchromatografie tandem massaspektrometrie. Uitslae: 1. a) Voorkoms van lipoatrofie was 36%, en insidensie was 12% per persoon-jaar. Aangepaste Odds ratio vir die ontwikkeling van lipoatrofie was 1,9 (CI: 1,3-2,9) vir elke addisionele jaar van opgehoopte blootstelling aan standaard dosis stavudien. b) Biceps vel-vou dikte <5mm het 'n sensitiwiteit van 89% (CI: 83-96%) en 'n negatiewe voorspellende waarde van 90% (CI: 84-96%) vir die opsporing en voorspelling van lipoatrofie. 2. a) Herwinning van aktiewe medikasie uit oplossings was 97,1%, 97,4% en 93,8% vir die oorspronklike en twee generiese formulerings onderskeidelik. b) Farmakokinetiese parameters van die af-etiket dosering metode was wel binne die teikenband van ongeskonde kapsule dosering vir beide generiese formulerings. Gevolgtrekkings: 1. a) Die voorkoms van lipoatrofie in onder-puberteitsjarige kinders op antiretrovirale terapie in Suid-Afrika is hoog. Die bedrag stavudien waaraan kinders blootgestel is moet hersien word. Die standaard stavudien dosis vir kinders moet herge-evalueer word. b) Biceps vel-vou dikte het redelike goeie sensitiwiteit en spesifisiteit om lipoatrofie op te spoor en te voorspel. 2. Die af-etiket dosering metode vir stavudien voorgeskryf aan kinders wie se versorgers nie toegang tot 'n yskas het nie is redelik akkuraat en is bio-ekwivalent aan ongeskonde kapsule administrasie.
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Smith, Allison Jayne. "Child care workers and HIV infected/affected children." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11167.

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The objectives of this study are to explore stressors and challenges faced by child care workers working with HIV infected/affected children, their causes, what support is available to them and, finally, current and recommended coping strategies. The study explored the perceptions of 8 child care workers through 2 focus groups using a semi-structured interview schedule as the data collection tool. The findings reveal that the primary challenge experienced is working with traumatised children and working for long hours away from their children, who are often at home alone. It was also found that they not fear infection when working with HIV infected children. The primary recommendation was that child care workers receive regular counselling and that day care centres are established in low income areas to care for their own children.
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Morén, Núñez Constanza. "Mitochondrial functionalism in HIV-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83490.

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It is widely known that HIV and ARV drugs trigger mitochondrial impairment in adults. However, their effects in perinatally-infected children have been poorly explored. For this reason, the main hypothesis of the present Thesis was to demonstrate that mitochondrial abnormalities are present in HIV-infected pediatric patients treated with ARV. It is expected to find mitochondrial alterations in asymptomatic perinatally HIV-infected children. This mitochondrial lesion, manifested in a depletion of the mitochondrial genome, would lead to a reduction of the mitochondrial protein synthesis or to a mitochondrial dysfunction and, as a last resort, compromising the cellular viability. However, it is also possible that the presence of homeostatic mechanisms in mitochondria entails a proper function of some complexes, even in the presence of mitochondrial genome depletion. Rather than a localized mitochondrial alteration in a specific enzymatic activity, it is possible that HIV and ARV cause a diffuse damage in the organelle which may be observed in a general assessment of the respiratory chain. In case of a mitochondrial alteration, either in asymptomatic or symptomatic patients, it would be expected a more evident presentation of mitochondrial toxicity in case of the latter. If our hypothesis of an evidence of mitochondrial toxicity derived from HIV and ARV in children is confirmed, we believe that, once the detrimental agent is withdrawn, a recover of the mitochondrial affectation is possible. Mitochondrial impairment may change depending on the type of HAART regimen, leading us to use mitochondrial parameters as a biomarker or a trail to find the best therapeutic options in the choice of different HAART schedules. In this context, the intensity of mitochondrial impairment over time would be higher in children receiving first generation NRTI which, in turn, have been demonstrated to present a higher mitochondrial toxicity in vitro, than those under second generation NRTI. In order to study and test our hypothesis, the main objectives of the present Thesis are: A) General Objective To test if HIV and ARV mechanisms of mitochondrial toxicity found in adults are present in perinatally HIV-infected children. B) Specific Objectives - Objective 1: To elucidate whether ARV treatment or HIV infection were exerting a mitochondrial toxic effect in asymptomatic perinatally HIV-infected pediatric patients receiving HAART. - Objective 2: To investigate if hypothetic alterations in the mitochondrial genome of asymptomatic HIV-infected children receiving ARV are downstream reflected at transcriptional, translational and functional levels. In case of mitochondrial dysfunction was present, to test whether MRC alterations are focalized or diffuse. - Objective 3: To determine mitochondrial status in lipodystrophic HIV-children and compare them to a group of asymptomatic children and to a group of uninfected controls. - Objective 4: To evaluate whether a 12-month interruption of ARV is able to improve or revert these hypothetic mitochondrial alterations at molecular and/or clinical level. - Objective 5: To compare mitochondrial toxicity derived from different HAART schedules in a longitudinal 2-year follow-up assessment of immunovirological and mitochondrial status under first or second generation NRTI. To elucidate whether those NRTI demonstrated to present high mitochondrial toxicity in vitro present a major toxicity in vivo as well.
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Chakraborty, Rana. "Correlates of protection among HIV-1-infected African children." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275512.

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Govender, Rajeshree. "Profile of specific neurological and neurobehavioural problems in children with HIV-1 infection attending dedicated clinics." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14309.

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Aim: Neurological involvement related to HIV-1 infection is well described in the paediatric population and causes significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to describe specific neurological and neurobehavioural complications in this population. Method: Children infected with HIV-1 attending infectious diseases clinics were recruited for general and neurological assessments, developmental history screening and categorization of behavioural phenotype using the Aberrant Behaviour Checklist (ABC). Results: Eighty patients were assessed (males - 44/80: females - 36/80) (median age 5 years 1 month; range: 3 months - 12 yrs). Eighteen patients (23%) were not on antiretroviral (ARV) therapy at the time of testing. The Centre for Disease Control (CDC) immune categories of the patients at the time of assessment were: Category 1- n=6/80, Category 2- n=15/80 and Category 3- n=59/80. Thirty-three percent had a history of chronic lung disease, 10% had a history of an opportunistic central nervous system infection and 12.5% had epilepsy. 5 5 Anthropometric measurements identified that 19% of the patients were microcephalic, 17% of the patients were < 60% of their expected weight, 49% were 60-80% of expected weight and 45% were stunted. On neurological assessment 41% of the patients had global pyramidal tract signs, 7% had a hemiparesis, 5% had peripheral neuropathy, 16% had visual impairment, and 6% were hearing impaired. Of those who were screened for developmental deficits (patients < 6years of age) 66% had gross motor delay, 75% had fine motor delay, 70% had language delay and 73% had cognitive delay. Forty one percent had HIV Encephalopathy, 81% of whom a CD4 count < 15% and 48% were < 1year old. On the aberrant behaviour checklist (ABC) scale 24/80 patients had features of hyperactivity and 22/80 patients scored in the mild-moderate range on the lethargy / social withdrawal sub-scale reflecting a correlation with the affective and adjustment disorders. Conclusion: Diverse neurological and neurobehavioural deficits are common in children with HIV-1 infection especially those with CD4 < 15%, not on ARVs, with growth impairment and < 1yr of age. This study demonstrated the extent and spectrum of neurobehavioural and neurological complications in a defined HIV population. It stresses the need for early initiation of ARVs in the planning for future regimens and guidelines.
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Books on the topic "HIV - infected childrens"

1

Office, Great Britain Scottish. Guidance on children infected or affected by HIV. [Edinburgh]: Scottish Office, 1992.

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Bitnun, Ari. Metabolic abnormalities associated with protease inhibitor therapy in HIV-infected children. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2003.

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India. National Commission for Protection of Child Rights. Rights and entitlements of children affected and infected by HIV/AIDS, 2010-2011. New Delhi: National Commission for Protection of Child Rights, 2010.

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WHO recommendations on the management of diarrhoea and pneumonia in HIV-infected infants and children. [Geneva?]: World Health Organization, Departments of Child and Adolescent Health and Development (CAH) and HIV/AIDS, 2010.

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Education, Botswana Ministry of. The voice of the HIV infected and affected school age children in Botswana: A cross-sectional psychosocial survey : final report/study conducted by the Botswana-Baylor Children's Clinical Centre of Excellence for the Ministry of Education and Skills Development, Botswana. Gaborone: Ministry of Education and Skills Development, 2011.

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National Paediatric Conference on Children Infected and Affected by HIV & AIDS 2007 (3rd 2007 Kigali, Rwanda). 3rd National Paediatric Conference on Children Infected and Affected by HIV & AIDS 2007: A focus on decentralisation, Kigali, 2nd to 4th December 2007 : book of abstracts. [Kigali]: CNLS, 2007.

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Kapetanovic, Suad, Lori Wiener, Lisa Tuchman, and Maryland Pao. Childhood and Adolescence. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0033.

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Mental health professionals need to understand how the psychosocial and mental health needs of HIV-infected youth evolve over time and to be able to identify salient clinical challenges that present with each developmental stage. It is also important to understand that HIV/AIDS affects children’s lives indirectly, by the presence of HIV/AIDS in a family member, even if the child is not HIV infected. This chapter uses a developmental perspective to introduce key mental health objectives in the lives of developing HIV-infected children and adolescents and provides an overview of epidemiological, psychosocial, and clinical parameters to be considered in their clinical care and management. The chapter also addresses issues facing perinatally and behaviorally HIV-infected children and adolescents. Separate sections of the chapter discuss biopsychosocial factors salient to children and adolescents who are affected by HIV infection in the family.
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Berkowitz, Nancy F. NURSES' ATTITUDES TOWARD CARING FOR HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN (BURNOUT). 1993.

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McVicker, Carrie. Children and the HIV/AIDS Crisis: Youth Who Are Infected & Affected. Youth Advocate Program International, 1999.

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K, Mishra Vinod, and United States. Agency for International Development., eds. Education and nutritional status of orphans and children of HIV-infected parents in Kenya. Calverton, MD: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Research Division, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "HIV - infected childrens"

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Bonnet, D. "HIV-Associated Cardiovascular Complication in HIV-Infected Children." In HIV Infection and the Cardiovascular System, 208–18. Basel: KARGER, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000073185.

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Bonnet, D. "Cardiovascular Complications in HIV-Infected Children." In Cardiovascular Disease in AIDS, 181–89. Milano: Springer Milan, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0761-1_14.

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Majaliwa, Edna S., Paul Laigong, Nathan Tumwesigye, and Francesco Chiarelli. "Statural Growth in HIV-Infected Children." In Handbook of Growth and Growth Monitoring in Health and Disease, 1949–57. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1795-9_118.

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Green, Robin J. "The Microbiome in HIV-Infected Children." In HIV Infection in Children and Adolescents, 285–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35433-6_21.

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Jeena, Prakash Mohan. "Respiratory Diseases Amongst HIV Infected Children." In HIV Infection in Children and Adolescents, 55–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35433-6_6.

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Jin, Xi, Ailing Wang, Fang Wang, Yaping Qiao, and Jessica Nan. "Protecting the Children of HIV-Infected Mothers." In HIV/AIDS in China, 313–25. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8518-6_15.

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Crowell, Claudia S., and Kathleen Malee. "Neurocognition in Viral Suppressed HIV-Infected Children." In Global Virology II - HIV and NeuroAIDS, 257–82. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7290-6_11.

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Kruger, Herculina Salome. "Anthropometry and HIV-Infected Children in Africa." In Handbook of Anthropometry, 1163–77. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1788-1_70.

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Rutstein, Richard M., and Renee Smith. "Neurocognitive Outcomes in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents." In Encyclopedia of AIDS, 1–9. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_221-1.

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Rutstein, Richard M., and Renee Smith. "Neurocognitive Outcomes in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents." In Encyclopedia of AIDS, 1480–88. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7101-5_221.

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Conference papers on the topic "HIV - infected childrens"

1

Olorunsola, BO, OT Adedoyin, and SK Ernest. "G587(P) Measles antibody levels among vaccinated HIV-infected and HIV uninfected children in nigeria." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference–Online, 25 September 2020–13 November 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-rcpch.504.

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Lusher, J. M., L. M. Aledort, M. Hiltgartner, J. Mosley, and E. Operskalski. "TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION TO HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS OF PERSONS WITH CONGENITAL HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644679.

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The Transfusion Safety Study is collecting data concerning the transmission of transfusion-acquired infections from patients with congenital hematologic disorders to household members. Of 233 patients for whom information is presently available, 128 (55%) were anti-HIV-positive. The 128 positive patients lived in 123 households with 174 members; 16 contacts were positive by EIA and immunoblot.These data provide further evidence of relatively high risk of HIV infection of sexual contacts. The three anti-HIV-positive children are all infants born to anti-HIV-positive wivesof infected hemophiliacs. Passively acquired antibody has not been excluded for two; the third was positive at ten months of age. Thus, vertical transmission may be a very important mechanism of perpetuating the HIV reservoir.
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Qur’aniati, Nuzul, Linda Sweet, Dean Whitehead, and Alison Hutton. "Understanding Pediatric HIV Care Management to Improve the Quality of Care for Children Infected with HIV in Indonesia." In The 9th International Nursing Conference: Nurses at The Forefront Transforming Care, Science and Research. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008331507070711.

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Levine, P. H. "ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND HEMOPHILIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644752.

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Less than 15 years ago the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute surveyed physicians in the United States in order to characterize the demographics of hemophilia. The average age of persons with hemophilia in the United States was found to be 11.5 years old. By 10 years later, the life expectancy was predicted to be normal, and indeed the average age of persons with hemophilia in the U.S. is now in the early twenties. Early, intensive and predictably efficacious control of hemorrhage has made this result possible, and the therapeutic product which has allowed such control is commercial clotting factor concentrate.We now know that starting in 1978, and with great frquency during 1982 and 1983, the majority of U.S. hemophiliacs were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is estimated that as of January, 1987, approximately two thirds of the 20,000' persons with hemophilia in the United States have been infected with HIV. Among those with severe factor VIII deficiency, more than 9056 are seropositive. As of 1/5/87, there were 288 cases of AIDS among U.S. hemophiliacs, for an AIDS rate of approximately 2.256 of those with HIV infection. This number included 185 with severe, 32 with moderate and 28 with mild hemophilia A; 12 with severe, 6 with moderate and 1 with mild hemophilia B; 9 with vWD, and 4 others. A disproportionate number were older patients: 55 were ages 1-19; 62 ages 20-29; 85 ages 30-39, and 86 age 40 or older. Although the AIDS attack rate is no longer climbing logarhythmically, new cases are certainly still occurring.A variety of other HIV-related syndromes have emerged. Of great concern is immune thrombocytopenia, which is now relatively common; among a group of 209 carefully followed HIV-positive patients at our center, 31 (1556) are or have been thrombocytopenic. Progressive failure to normally gain height and weight in children with hemophilia has recently been shown by our group to correlate with HIV antibody positivity, and also with decreased T4/T8 ratio, decreased T4 cell count, decreased skin test reactivity, and subsequent development of ARC or AIDS in some such children. Finally, a picture of progressive fall in T4 count associated with recurrent non-specific infections and increased likelihood of positive viral culture, may predict an increased risk of developing AIDS.We know that the immune dysfunction in hemophilia is complex, and not wholly explained by HIV infection. One important factor may be the many foreign proteins contained in commercial clotting factor concentrates, and their ability to stimulate T cells. It is known that latent HIV infection in cultured T4 lymphocytes can be induced to enter the proliferative, viral secretory phase by the addition of soluble foreign antigens to the cell culture. Recent data of Brettler and colleagues, to be presented at this meeting, suggest that the use of highly purified VI!I:C (specific activity >3000 u/mg) in place of the present extremely impure products, may improve the immune dysfunction in hemophilia. This observation offers a new hypothetical approach to the prevention of progressive T4 cell depletion in HIV infected hemophiliacs, and requires immediate and extensive further study.The psychosocial burden of HIV infection is immense. The need for extensive, formal education and support programs is largely unmet in most parts of the world. Such programs are best run out of hemophilia treatment centers in most cases, and must include an active program on prevention of sexual transmission, provision of HIV testing before and during pregnancies, provision for maintenance of confidentiality, etc. Education concerning HIV is like all other forms of education. It requires formal organization, a curriculum, active rather than passive learning in which there is interaction between the teacher and the pupil, time for planned repetition, reinforcement with written materials, and assessment of goals achieved. For all of these reasons it is inappropriate to assume that the physician at the hemophilia center will be able to provide an adequate education program. Adquate paramedical personnel will need to undertake this effort, under the directjon of the physician.
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Kitchin, Omolemo P., Refiloe Masekela, Teshni Moodley, Samuel Risenga, Carla Els, Debbie White, Marian Kwofie-Mensah, and Robin J. Green. "Thinking Differently About Pneumocystis Pneumonia (pcp) In Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Children - Describing A New Syndrome." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a4159.

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Sultanoglu, Nazife, Berna Uzun, Figen Sarigul Yildirim, Murat Sayan, Tamer Sanlidag, and Dilber Uzun Ozsahin. "Selection of the Most Appropriate Antiretroviral Medication in Determined Aged Groups (≥3 years) of HIV-1 Infected Children." In 2019 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaset.2019.8714457.

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Fernandez, José Carlos Couto, Carlos Silva De Jesus, José Henrique Pilotto, and Mariza Gonçalves Morgado. "P3.113 HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in infected children and adolescents failing therapy: impact in the susceptibility of drugs used in salvage therapies." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.348.

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Zar, HJ, L. Workman, CJ Lombard, G. Hussey, HS Schaaf, and MF Cotton. "The Impact of Intermittent Compared with Daily Trimethoprim Sulphamethoxazole Prophylaxis on Mortality and Pneumonia in HIV-Infected Children – A Randomised Controlled Trial." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a5115.

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Zar, Heather J., Lesley Workman, Catharina Boehme, Brian Eley, and Mark P. Nicol. "Cartridge-Based Automated Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (Xpert MTB/RIF) For The Diagnosis Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis In HIV-Infected And Uninfected Children: A Prospective Study." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a6336.

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Bollen, PDJ, A. Turkova, E. Kaudha, E. Chidziva, A. Lugemwa, A. Kekitiinwa, A. Parker, et al. "NP-003 Steady-state pharmacokinetics and early safety data in HIV-infected african children weighing ≥25 kg after switching to 50 mg film-coated dolutegravir tablets in the ODYSSEY trial." In 25th EAHP Congress, 25th–27th March 2020, Gothenburg, Sweden. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-eahpconf.461.

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Reports on the topic "HIV - infected childrens"

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Sarna, Avina, and Scott Kellerman. Looking back, moving forward: Access to antiretroviral therapy for HIV infected adults and children in developing countries: Horizons Studies, 2002 to 2008. Population Council, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv10.1007.

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Reproductive intentions and choices among HIV-infected individuals in Cape Town, South Africa: Lessons for reproductive policy and service provision from a qualitative study. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv14.1002.

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Abstract:
While many HIV-infected individuals do not wish to have children, others want children despite their infected status. The desire and intent to have children among HIV-infected individuals may increase because of improved quality of life and survival following commencement of antiretroviral treatment. In developing countries such as South Africa, where the largest number of people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide reside, specific government reproductive health policy and service provision for HIV-infected individuals is underdeveloped. This policy brief presents findings from a qualitative study that explored HIV-infected individuals’ reproductive intentions, decision-making, and need for reproductive health services. The study also assessed the opinions of health-service providers, policymakers, and influential figures within nongovernmental organizations who are likely to play important roles in the shaping and delivery of reproductive health services. Conducted at two health centers in the Cape Town metropolitan area in South Africa from May 2004 to January 2005, the study focused on issues that impact reproductive choice and decision-making and identified critical policy, health service, and research-related matters to be addressed.
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Exploring the barriers to accessing care and treatment for HIV-infected children in India: A diagnostic study. Population Council, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv12.1044.

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