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1

Jansson, James, Cliff C. Kerr, and David P. Wilson. "Predicting the population impact of increased HIV testing and treatment in Australia." Sexual Health 11, no. 2 (2014): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh13069.

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Introduction The treatment as prevention strategy has gained popularity as a way to reduce the incidence of HIV by suppressing viral load such that transmission risk is decreased. The effectiveness of the strategy also requires early diagnosis. Methods: Informed by data on the influence of diagnosis and treatment on reducing transmission risk, a model simulated the impact of increasing testing and treatment rates on the expected incidence of HIV in Australia under varying assumptions of treatment efficacy and risk compensation. The model utilises Australia’s National HIV Registry data, and sim
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2

Bernard, Diana, Susan Kippax, and Don Baxter. "Effective partnership and adequate investment underpin a successful response: key factors in dealing with HIV increases." Sexual Health 5, no. 2 (2008): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07078.

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Background: Australia has mounted an effective response to HIV and AIDS by investing in evidence-informed policy. Recently, in response to increases in HIV in some states in Australia, the New South Wales Department of Health set up a ‘think tank’ to examine differences in epidemiological and behavioural data, policies, strategies and community responses in order to account for state-based differences and ensure an effective ongoing response to HIV. Methods: The National Centre in HIV Social Research undertook key informant interviews with major stakeholders to help understand differences in r
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3

Feigin, Anita, Carol El-Hayek, Margaret Hellard, Alisa Pedrana, Ellen Donnan, Christopher Fairley, B. K. Tee, and Mark Stoové. "Increases in newly acquired HIV infections in Victoria, Australia: epidemiological evidence of successful prevention?" Sexual Health 10, no. 2 (2013): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh12064.

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Background Rates of newly acquired HIV notifications provide useful data for monitoring transmission trends. Methods: We describe 10-year (2001–10) trends in newly acquired HIV notifications in Victoria, Australia. We also examine recent trends in HIV testing and incidence and risk behaviours among gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM) attending four high MSM caseload clinics. Results: Between 2001 and 2010 there was a significant increasing linear trend in newly acquired HIV that was driven primarily by increases between 2009–2010. MSM accounted for 85% of newly acquired HIV notificat
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4

Zablotska, Iryna B., Susan Kippax, Andrew Grulich, Martin Holt, and Garrett Prestage. "Behavioural surveillance among gay men in Australia: methods, findings and policy implications for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmissible infections." Sexual Health 8, no. 3 (2011): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh10125.

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Background The Australian HIV and sexually transmissible infection (STI) behavioural surveillance system (the repeated cross-sectional Gay Community Periodic Surveys, GCPS) has been conducted since 1998 and covers six main Australian jurisdictions. In this paper, we review its history and methodology, and the available indicators, their trends and their use. Methods:We describe the design and history of GCPS. For analyses of indicators, we use Pearson’s χ2-test and test for trend where appropriate. Results: About 90% of gay men in Australia have been tested for HIV (60% to 70% of men who were
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5

Guy, Rebecca J., Ann M. McDonald, Mark J. Bartlett, Jo C. Murray, Carolien M. Giele, Therese M. Davey, Ranil D. Appuhamy, et al. "Characteristics of HIV diagnoses in Australia, 1993-2006." Sexual Health 5, no. 2 (2008): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07070.

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Objective: To describe recent trends in the diagnosis of HIV infection in Australia. Methods: National HIV surveillance data from 1993 to 2006 were analysed with a focus on geographic differences by HIV exposure route and late presentation (HIV within 3 months of a first AIDS-defining illness or a CD4 count of less than 200 cells μL–1). Results: In 1993–99, the number of HIV diagnoses declined by 32%, and then increased by 39% from 1999 to 2006. From 2000 onwards, rates increased significantly in Victoria, Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia. The most frequently reported routes o
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6

Ghimire, Hallett, Gray, Lobo, and Crawford. "What Works? Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Blood-Borne Viruses in Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia Living in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7 (April 10, 2019): 1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071287.

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Migration is a significant risk factor for the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). An increasing proportion of these infections in high-income countries, such as Australia, are among migrants moving from low and middle-income countries with a high prevalence of HIV, HBV and other STIs. This systematic review explored the prevention and control of HIV, HBV and other STIs in migrants (>18 years) from Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa living in high-income countries with universal healt
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7

Wilson, David P., Alexander Hoare, David G. Regan, and Matthew G. Law. "Importance of promoting HIV testing for preventing secondary transmissions: modelling the Australian HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men." Sexual Health 6, no. 1 (2009): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh08081.

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Background: We address the research questions: (i) what proportion of new HIV infections is transmitted from people who are (a) undiagnosed, (b) in primary HIV infection (PHI), (c) on antiretroviral therapy?; and (ii) what is the expected epidemiological impact of (a) increasing the proportion of newly acquired HIV infections receiving early treatment, and (b) increasing HIV testing rates? Methods: We used a mathematical model to simulate HIV transmission in the population of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Australia. We calibrated the model using established biological and clinical data an
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8

Heymer, Kelly-Jean, and David P. Wilson. "Treatment for prevention of HIV transmission in a localised epidemic: the case for South Australia." Sexual Health 8, no. 3 (2011): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh10084.

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Background Discussion is currently taking place among international HIV/AIDS groups around increasing HIV testing and initiating earlier use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people diagnosed with HIV as a method to reduce the spread of HIV. In this study, we explore the expected epidemiological impact of this strategy in a small population in which HIV transmission is predominantly confined to men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: A deterministic mathematical transmission model was constructed to investigate the impacts of strategies that increase testing and treatment rates, and thei
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9

Peach, Elizabeth, Chris Lemoh, Mark Stoove, Paul Agius, Carol El Hayek, Nasra Higgins, and Margaret Hellard. "Aiming for 90–90–90 – the importance of understanding the risk factors for HIV exposure and advanced HIV infection in migrant populations and other groups who do not report male-to-male sex." Sexual Health 15, no. 5 (2018): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh17192.

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Background In Australia, new HIV diagnoses increasingly occur among people who do not report male-to-male sex. Among migrants, it is not clear what proportion acquired infection before migration. Similarly, among Australian-born people, it is not clear what proportion acquired infection in-country. There is a need to better understand the epidemiology of HIV in people who do not report male-to-male sex. Methods: Victorian public health surveillance data were used to classify migrants as having likely acquired HIV before or after arrival to Australia using a CD4 cell count decline method to est
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10

Tachedjian, Gilda. "Microbicides for HIV." Microbiology Australia 31, no. 4 (2010): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma10188.

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Microbicides are chemical entities that can be incorporated in gels, films, tablets or rings for application to the vagina or rectum to prevent the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Leading Australian microbicide efforts include the development of a dendrimer nanoparticle with broad-spectrum activity against HIV, HSV and HPV, and a natural factor produced by lactobacilli in the healthy female genital tract. Clinical trials have revealed that nonspecific agents such as nonoxynol-9 and moderately specific linear polyanions lack efficacy in preventing male to female H
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11

Holt, Martin, Toby Lea, Limin Mao, Iryna Zablotska, Evelyn Lee, John B. F. de Wit, and Garrett Prestage. "Adapting behavioural surveillance to antiretroviral-based HIV prevention: reviewing and anticipating trends in the Australian Gay Community Periodic Surveys." Sexual Health 14, no. 1 (2017): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16072.

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Background In Australia, the preventative use of antiretroviral drugs [pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and treatment as prevention] is being embraced to protect individuals at high risk of HIV and reduce onward transmission. Methods: The adaptation of a behavioural surveillance system, the Gay Community Periodic Surveys, was reviewed to monitor the uptake and effect of new prevention strategies in Australia’s primary HIV-affected population (gay and bisexual men, GBM). The national trends in key indicators during 2000–15 were reviewed and a new measure to take account of antiretroviral-based p
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12

Wilkinson, Anna L., Bridget L. Draper, Alisa E. Pedrana, Jason Asselin, Martin Holt, Margaret E. Hellard, and Mark Stoové. "Measuring and understanding the attitudes of Australian gay and bisexual men towards biomedical HIV prevention using cross-sectional data and factor analyses." Sexually Transmitted Infections 94, no. 4 (November 21, 2017): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053375.

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IntroductionContemporary responses to HIV embrace biomedical prevention, particularly treatment as prevention (TasP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). However, large-scale implementation of biomedical prevention should be ideally preceded by assessments of their community acceptability. We aimed to understand contemporary attitudes of gay and bisexual men (GBM) in Australia towards biomedical-based HIV prevention and propose a framework for their measurement and ongoing monitoring.MethodsA cross-sectional, online survey of GBM ≥18 years has been conducted annually in Victoria, Australia, si
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13

Heron, Jack E., Suzanne Rix, Rick Varma, and David M. Gracey. "Renal impairment: an unnecessary barrier to HIV prevention." Sexual Health 17, no. 3 (2020): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh20037.

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The use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in combination with emtricitabine, prescribed for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), is highly effective at reducing incident sexually transmissible HIV infection among those at risk. TDF is associated with proteinuria, Fanconi syndrome and chronic kidney disease, and is not recommended for use in patients with an estimated creatinine clearance <60 mL min−1. There are currently no Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS)-funded PrEP options for patients at risk of HIV infection with moderate renal impairment in Australia. This report describes th
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14

Brener, Loren, Dean A. Murphy, Elena J. Cama, and Jeanne Ellard. "Hepatitis C risk factors, attitudes and knowledge among HIV-positive, HIV-negative and HIV-untested gay and bisexual men in Australia." Sexual Health 12, no. 5 (2015): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh14239.

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Background There are increasing reports of sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). Still unclear is the level of HCV knowledge and the risk factors specific to HCV transmission among this population. This study compared HCV knowledge and risk practices among HIV-positive, HIV-negative and HIV-untested gay and bisexual men in Australia. Methods: Participants (n = 534) completed an online survey assessing sexual risk practices, HCV knowledge, perceived risk of acquiring HCV and perceptions of people with HCV and who inject drugs. Results
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15

McGregor, Skye, Gilda Tachedjian, Bridget G. Haire, and John M. Kaldor. "The seventh (and last?) International Microbicides Conference: from discovery to delivery." Sexual Health 10, no. 3 (2013): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh12211.

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The most recent estimates indicate that in 2011, 34 million people were living with HIV, the majority in sub-Saharan Africa. Even though the estimated number of new infections is decreasing, there remains an urgent need for new prevention technologies, particularly those controlled by women and men who have receptive sex. Microbicides are products designed to be applied vaginally or rectally to prevent acquisition of HIV and other sexually transmissible infections and, as such, provide a great hope for female-controlled HIV prevention. Oral prevention drugs are a more recent development that a
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16

Jeffreys, Elena, Janelle Fawkes, and Zahra Stardust. "Mandatory Testing for HIV and Sexually Transmissible Infections among Sex Workers in Australia: A Barrier to HIV and STI Prevention." World Journal of AIDS 02, no. 03 (2012): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wja.2012.23026.

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17

Wodak, Alex. "HIV Infection and Injecting Drug Use in Australia: Responding to a Crisis." Journal of Drug Issues 22, no. 3 (July 1992): 549–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269202200307.

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Multiple data sources indicate low levels of HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Australia despite a high prevalence of behaviours associated with considerable risk of transmission of infection in this population and a high prevalence of HIV infection among homosexual/bisexual males. The containment of HIV infection among IDUs in Australia in the 1980s, a remarkable public health achievement by national and international standards, probably represents the most important national accomplishment in the alcohol and drug field during the past decade. A number of factors can be ident
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18

Persson, Asha, Graham Brown, Ann McDonald, and Henrike Körner. "Transmission and Prevention of HIV Among Heterosexual Populations in Australia." AIDS Education and Prevention 26, no. 3 (June 2014): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2014.26.3.245.

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19

Cullen, Trevor, and Ruth Callaghan. "Improving HIV and STI responses through media and community engagement." Pacific Journalism Review 22, no. 1 (July 31, 2016): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v22i1.21.

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HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Western Australia are at their highest in 20 years. In response to this worrying escalation and the public need for accurate and balanced information about these diseases, the journalism department at Edith Cowan University, in partnership with the WA AIDS Council (WAAC), developed a pilot project that consisted of a series of media training and education programmes to enable WAAC staff to share information and stories with the media on HIV and STIs in a more confident and proactive way. The project offers a
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20

Holt, Martin, James MacGibbon, Brandon Bear, Toby Lea, Johann Kolstee, David Crawford, Dean Murphy, Cherie Power, Jeanne Ellard, and John de Wit. "Trends in Belief That HIV Treatment Prevents Transmission Among Gay and Bisexual Men in Australia: Results of National Online Surveys 2013–2019." AIDS Education and Prevention 33, no. 1 (February 2021): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2021.33.1.62.

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We have tracked belief in the effectiveness of HIV treatment as prevention (TasP) among Australian gay and bisexual men (GBM) since 2013. National, online cross-sectional surveys of GBM were conducted every 2 years during 2013–2019. Trends and associations were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Data from 4,903 survey responses were included. Belief that HIV treatment prevents transmission increased from 2.6% in 2013 to 34.6% in 2019. Belief in the effectiveness of TasP was consistently higher among HIV-positive participants than other participants. In 2019, higher levels of beli
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21

Lemoh, Chris, Beverley-Ann Biggs, and Margaret Hellard. "Working with West African migrant communities on HIV prevention in Australia." Sexual Health 5, no. 4 (2008): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh08060.

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22

Natoli, Lisa, Rebecca J. Guy, Mark Shephard, Basil Donovan, Christopher K. Fairley, James Ward, David G. Regan, Belinda Hengel, and Lisa Maher. "Chlamydia and gonorrhoea point-of-care testing in Australia: where should it be used?" Sexual Health 12, no. 1 (2015): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh14213.

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Background Diagnoses of chlamydia and gonorrhoea have increased steadily in Australia over the past decade. Testing and treatment is central to prevention and control but in some settings treatment may be delayed. Testing at the point of care has the potential to reduce these delays. We explored the potential utility of newly available accurate point-of-care tests in various clinical settings in Australia. Methods: In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with a purposively selected group of 18 key informants with sexual health, primary care, remote Aboriginal health and laboratory exper
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23

Callander, Denton, Rebecca Guy, Christopher K. Fairley, Hamish McManus, Garrett Prestage, Eric P. F. Chow, Marcus Chen, et al. "Gonorrhoea gone wild: rising incidence of gonorrhoea and associated risk factors among gay and bisexual men attending Australian sexual health clinics." Sexual Health 16, no. 5 (2019): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh18097.

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Background Gonorrhoea notifications continue to rise among gay and bisexual men in Australia and around the world. More information is needed on infection trends, accounting for testing and complimented by demographics and risk practices. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was undertaken using repeat gonorrhoea testing data among gay and bisexual men from 2010 to 2017, which was extracted from a network of 47 sexual health clinics across Australia. Poisson and Cox regression analyses were used to determine temporal trends in gonorrhoea incidence rates, as well as associated demographic a
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Lea, Toby, Michael Costello, Limin Mao, Garrett Prestage, Iryna Zablotska, James Ward, John Kaldor, John de Wit, and Martin Holt. "Elevated reporting of unprotected anal intercourse and injecting drug use but no difference in HIV prevalence among Indigenous Australian men who have sex with men compared with their Anglo-Australian peers." Sexual Health 10, no. 2 (2013): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh12097.

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Background Although half of the HIV notifications among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (‘Indigenous Australians’) are attributed to homosexual transmission, there has been little research examining sexual and drug use risk practices among Indigenous Australian men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: Respondents were Indigenous Australian (n = 1278) and Anglo-Australian men (n = 24 002) participating in the routine cross-sectional Gay Community Periodic Surveys conducted in Australia from 2007 to 2011. Sociodemographic characteristics, sexual risk practices, drug use, HIV testin
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Zablotska, I. B., J. Imrie, C. Bourne, A. E. Grulich, A. Frankland, and G. Prestage. "Improvements in sexual health testing among gay men in Sydney, Australia, 2003–2007." International Journal of STD & AIDS 19, no. 11 (November 2008): 758–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2008.008193.

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In order to be effective, sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing should be comprehensive based on the clients' sexuality and risk practices. Using data from the Sydney Gay Community Periodic Survey, we explored trends in and factors associated with STI testing among gay men during 2003–2007. Among men who were not HIV-positive, 68% were tested for HIV in 2007. HIV testing was more common than STI testing and remained stable during 2003–2007. Use of swabs and urine samples increased significantly ( P-trend < 0.001 for each). However, until 2007, 33% of men were not tested. Sexual behav
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Down, Ian, Garrett Prestage, Kathy Triffitt, Graham Brown, Jack Bradley, and Jeanne Ellard. "Recently diagnosed gay men talk about HIV treatment decisions." Sexual Health 11, no. 2 (2014): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh13100.

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Background In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) may provide health benefits for those infected with HIV. There has also been significant discussion about the role of HIV treatment in preventing onward transmission of the virus. Early provision and uptake of ART to people recently diagnosed with HIV could achieve both individual and public health outcomes. The success of such an initiative relies, in part, on the preparedness of those recently diagnosed with HIV to engage with the therapy. Methods: The HIV Seroconversion Study
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27

Hall, T. "HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and treatment as prevention (TasP): What mental health providers should know." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S70—S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.983.

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Pharmacologic methods of treating and preventing HIV have advanced tremendously in recent years. Understandings of HIV risk and recommendations for risk-reduction strategies have also changed substantially. A majority of new cases of HIV in many developed countries are now acquired through sex with long-term partners who are unaware of their HIV-positive status, rather than from casual or anonymous sexual encounters. Persons with bipolar disorder and substance use disorders are at particularly high risk. Mental health providers who work with LGBT persons and other populations at higher risk fo
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28

Down, Ian, Garrett Prestage, Graham Brown, Jeanne Ellard, Rebecca Guy, Margaret Hellard, David Wilson, John de Wit, Mark Stoové, and Martin Holt. "Comparing Australian gay and bisexual men with undiagnosed and recently diagnosed HIV infection to those in the National HIV Registry." Sexual Health 15, no. 3 (2018): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh17064.

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Background Gay and bisexual men (GBM) with recent HIV infection are a key population to inform HIV-prevention. The National HIV Registry (NHR) provides details about all individuals diagnosed with HIV, but it is unclear how. Methods: Basic sociodemographic characteristics of GBM in the NHR who were diagnosed between 2010 and 2014 were compared with three samples of GBM: men with undiagnosed HIV infection from the Community-Based Study of Undiagnosed HIV and Testing (COUNT) study of HIV prevalence and undiagnosed infection that was conducted during 2013–14; men in the Australian Gay Community P
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Read, Phillip, Karen J. Chronister, Catherine Kostovski, Mary Ellen Harrod, Allison Salmon, and Marianne Jauncey. "Perceptions of people who inject drugs towards HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Australia." Sexual Health 16, no. 4 (2019): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh18228.

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Background People who inject drugs (PWID) are a priority for HIV prevention. This study aimed to determine perceptions, potential eligibility and willingness to use PrEP among PWID in Sydney. Methods: Clients completed a cross-sectional survey to collect data on demographics, perceived risk of HIV and willingness to use PrEP, which were then analysed. Results: Twelve (7%) of 172 HIV-negative participants were eligible for PrEP under current guidelines for injecting reasons, of whom three would also be eligible for sexual risk, leaving nine (5%) eligible for injecting reasons alone. Half had he
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30

Newman, Christy E., Michael R. Kidd, Susan C. Kippax, Robert H. Reynolds, Peter G. Canavan, and John B. F. de Wit. "Engaging nonHIV specialist general practitioners with new priorities in HIV prevention and treatment: qualitative insights from those working in the field." Sexual Health 10, no. 3 (2013): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh12157.

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Background The science of HIV prevention and treatment is evolving rapidly, resulting in renewed calls to increase rates of HIV testing and, in particular, facilitate the timely and possibly earlier initiation of treatment, as this has the potential to dramatically reduce new infections. Little is known about how to engage nonHIV specialist Australian general practitioners (GPs) with these new priorities. Methods: Content related to the engagement of nonHIV specialist GPs in the HIV response was identified within the transcripts of in-depth interviews with policy key informants (n = 24) and ge
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31

Tsai, R., B. Pharm, EH Goh, P. Webeck, and J. Mullins. "Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Intravenous Drug Users in New South Wales, Australia: The Needles and Syringes Distribution Programme Through Retail Pharmacies." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 2, no. 4 (October 1988): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053958800200408.

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Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among 12, 000 intravenous (i.v.) drug users in New South Wales (NSW) was estimated to be very low in 1985. However, a large increase of HIV infection in this population group could result within a short period. The NSW government amended existing legislation to permit the sale and possession of sterile needles and syringes. A programme to promote the sale of needles and syringes was launched jointly with the Pharmacy Guild of Australia (NSW Branch) in December 1986. Favourable changes in pharmacists' attitudes were noted four months la
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Guy, Rebecca J., Tim Spelman, Mark Stoove, Carol El-Hayek, Jane Goller, Christopher K. Fairley, David Leslie, et al. "Risk factors for HIV seroconversion in men who have sex with men in Victoria, Australia: results from a sentinel surveillance system." Sexual Health 8, no. 3 (2011): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh10095.

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Objectives HIV diagnosis rates in men who have sex with men (MSM) began increasing in Australia 10 years ago, and there has been a major resurgence of syphilis. We determined predictors of HIV positivity and seroconversion among MSM in Victoria, Australia. Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal analysis of data from MSM who underwent HIV testing between April 2006 and June 2009 at three primary care clinics. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of HIV positivity and seroconversion. Results: During the study period, 7857 MSM tested for HIV. Overall HIV positivity was
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Lemoh, Chris N., Samia Baho, Jeffrey Grierson, Margaret Hellard, Alan Street, and Beverley-Ann Biggs. "African Australians living with HIV: a case series from Victoria." Sexual Health 7, no. 2 (2010): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh09120.

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Background: This research aimed to describe the characteristics of African-born Victorians living with HIV, identify associations with delayed HIV diagnosis and describe their response to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Methods: A case series of African-born adults living with HIV in Victoria was conducted. Data was collected in interviews and reviews of case notes. Associations with delayed HIV diagnosis (CD4 below 200 cells µL–1 at diagnosis and/or AIDS within 3 months of HIV diagnosis) were explored using univariate regression. AIDS-defining illnesses and response to cART were de
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Graham, Simon, Catherine C. O'Connor, Stephen Morgan, Catherine Chamberlain, and Jane Hocking. "Prevalence of HIV among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Sexual Health 14, no. 3 (2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16013.

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Background Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (Aboriginal) are Australia’s first peoples. Between 2006 and 2015, HIV notifications increased among Aboriginal people; however, among non-Aboriginal people, notifications remained relatively stable. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to examine the prevalence of HIV among Aboriginal people overall and by subgroups. Methods: In November 2015, a search of PubMed and Web of Science, grey literature and abstracts from conferences was conducted. A study was included if it reported the number of Aboriginal people tested and those who test
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Blondell, Sarah J., Joseph Debattista, Mark P. Griffin, and Jo Durham. "'I think they might just go to the doctor': qualitatively examining the (un)acceptability of newer HIV testing approaches among Vietnamese-born migrants in greater-Brisbane, Queensland, Australia." Sexual Health 18, no. 1 (2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh20064.

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Background In high-income countries (HICs), migrants often have higher rates of late diagnosis of HIV than the host population. Timely HIV testing has significant implications for HIV prevention and management. Newer HIV testing approaches, namely provider-initiated testing and counselling (PITC), HIV rapid testing (HIV RT) and HIV self-testing (HIV ST), aim to reach those populations most at risk and, particularly, those who have not previously tested for HIV. Methods: This study used semi-structured interviews to examine the (un)acceptability, barriers and facilitators to newer HIV testing a
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Schmidt, Heather-Marie A., Ruthy McIver, Rebecca Houghton, Christine Selvey, Anna McNulty, Rick Varma, Andrew E. Grulich, and Joanne Holden. "Nurse-led pre-exposure prophylaxis: a non-traditional model to provide HIV prevention in a resource-constrained, pragmatic clinical trial." Sexual Health 15, no. 6 (2018): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh18076.

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There is little evidence and no standardised model for nurse-led HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). In 2016, public sexual health clinics in the state of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, participating in the population-scale PrEP access trial Expanded PrEP Implementation In Communities in New South Wales (EPIC-NSW) were authorised to adopt a nurse-led model of PrEP provision in order to facilitate the rapid expansion of PrEP access to more than 8000 participants in under 2 years without additional resources. The model has been implemented successfully in public clinics in 10 of 14 local hea
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Li, Bin, Peng Bi, Alison Ward, Charlotte Bell, and Christopher K. Fairley. "Trends and predictors of recent HIV testing over 22 years among a clinic sample of men who have sex with men in South Australia." Sexual Health 14, no. 2 (2017): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16091.

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Background Increasing the frequency of HIV testing is crucial for effective HIV prevention and care. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there has been a change in HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) at the South Australia Specialist Sexual Health (SASSH) clinic over the past two decades. Methods: Computerised medical records of MSM who attended the SASSH at their first visit between 1994 and 2015 were used to determine whether HIV testing had changed among MSM. First HIV tests in each calendar year and return tests within 12 months were analysed. Factors associ
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Mauck, Daniel E., Merhawi T. Gebrezgi, Diana M. Sheehan, Kristopher P. Fennie, Gladys E. Ibañez, Eric A. Fenkl, and Mary Jo Trepka. "Population-based methods for estimating the number of men who have sex with men: a systematic review." Sexual Health 16, no. 6 (2019): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh18172.

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The objective of this systematic review was to summarise population-based methods (i.e. methods that used representative data from populations) for estimating the population size of men who have sex with men (MSM), a high-risk group for HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (STIs). Studies using population-based methods to estimate the number or percentage of MSM or gay men were included. Twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies used surveillance data, 18 studies used survey data, and six studies used census data. Sixteen studies were conducted in the US, five w
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Goddard, Sian Louise, Isobel M. Poynten, Kathy Petoumenous, Fengyi Jin, Richard J. Hillman, Carmella Law, Jennifer M. Roberts, et al. "Prevalence, incidence and predictors of anal Chlamydia trachomatis, anal Neisseria gonorrhoeae and syphilis among older gay and bisexual men in the longitudinal Study for the Prevention of Anal Cancer (SPANC)." Sexually Transmitted Infections 95, no. 7 (April 24, 2019): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-054011.

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ObjectivesSexually transmitted infection (STI) notifications are increasing among older individuals. Many older gay and bisexual men (GBM) are sexually active and have multiple partners. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, incidence and predictors of anal chlamydia, anal gonorrhoea and syphilis in older GBM.MethodsThe Study for the Prevention of Anal Cancer (SPANC) was a prospective cohort study of HPV infections and related anal lesions among community-recruited GBM age ≥ 35 years in Sydney, Australia. At baseline and subsequent annual visits, recent STI diagnoses were collected via quest
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Ryan, Kathleen E., Anna L. Wilkinson, David Leitinger, Carol El-Hayek, Claire Ryan, Alisa Pedrana, Margaret Hellard, and Mark Stoové. "Characteristics of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men testing and retesting at Australia’s first shop-front rapid point-of-care HIV testing service." Sexual Health 13, no. 6 (2016): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16027.

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Background: HIV rapid point-of-care (RPOC) testing was approved in Australia in 2012 prompting new testing models. We describe gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBM) testing in the first year of operations at Australia’s first shop-front, community-based RPOC testing service, PRONTO!, and characterise return testers and first-time testers. Methods: Univariable and multivariable logistic regression using data collected at clients’ first test at PRONTO! from 15 August 2013 to 14 August 2014 examined correlates of: 1) return-testing within 6 months of GBMs first test at PRONTO!;
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Waling, Andrea, Roz Bellamy, Paulina Ezer, Lucille Kerr, Jayne Lucke, and Christopher Fisher. "‘It’s kinda bad, honestly’: Australian students’ experiences of relationships and sexuality education." Health Education Research 35, no. 6 (September 15, 2020): 538–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyaa032.

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Abstract Relationships and sexuality education for young people in Australia and elsewhere is a controversial topic. Numerous studies in Australia have focused on curriculum, policy, teachers, schools, sexting and other behaviours, and knowledge regarding sexually transmitted infection (STI)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and pregnancy prevention. Few large-scale national studies have engaged with young people about what they want out of their sex education, and what they suggest would be most valuable for future programs in Australia. Data for the study included qualitative comments about
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Macdonald, Virginia, Gregory J. Dore, Janaki Amin, and Ingrid van Beek. "Predictors of completion of a hepatitis B vaccination schedule in attendees at a primary health care centre." Sexual Health 4, no. 1 (2007): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh06008.

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Background: In Australia, rates of hepatitis B (HBV) transmission continue to be higher in certain populations, including commercial sex workers and injecting drug users (IDU). This study aims to identify rates and predictors of completion of a HBV vaccination schedule in ‘high-risk’ attendees of a primary health care centre in Sydney. Methods: All clients who attended Kirketon Road Centre, a primary health care centre located in Kings Cross, Sydney, with no evidence of HBV immunity were included in the cohort. The study design was observational with historical controls. The main outcome measu
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Cornelisse, Vincent J., Christopher K. Fairley, Tiffany Phillips, Sandra Walker, and Eric PF Chow. "Fuckbuddy partnerships among men who have sex with men – a marker of sexually transmitted infection risk." International Journal of STD & AIDS 29, no. 1 (July 6, 2017): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462417717647.

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‘Fuckbuddies’ are a type of regular sexual partner with whom men have ongoing sexual contact, generally in the absence of romantic attachment. We surveyed 989 men who have sex with men (MSM) at the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Australia, with the aim of determining the frequency of ‘fuckbuddy’ partnerships among sexual health clinic attendees and assessing their sexual risk. The majority (60%) of 1139 regular partnerships were described as ‘fuckbuddies’. Most MSM (63%) with a ‘fuckbuddy’ had multiple ‘fuckbuddies’. MSM with ‘fuckbuddies’ were more likely to also have casual sexual partners
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Barber, Bridget, Margaret Hellard, Rebecca Jenkinson, Tim Spelman, and Mark Stoove. "Sexual history taking and sexually transmissible infection screening practices among men who have sex with men: a survey of Victorian general practitioners." Sexual Health 8, no. 3 (2011): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh10079.

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Background HIV notifications among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Victoria, Australia, have increased recently. Early HIV diagnosis is a prevention strategy that requires general practitioners (GP) to recognise at-risk individuals and perform screening. Sexual history taking is part of this process. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 354 Victorian GP to investigate attitudes and practices regarding sexual history taking and screening for HIV in MSM. Results: In total, 185 (53%, 95% CI: 47–58%) GPs reported being ‘very likely’ to take a sexual history from MSM presenting for a routine che
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Peel, Joanne, Eric P. F. Chow, Ian Denham, Tina Schmidt, Andrew Buchanan, Christopher K. Fairley, Deborah A. Williamson, Melanie Bissessor, and Marcus Y. Chen. "Clinical Presentation of Incident Syphilis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Taking HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Melbourne, Australia." Clinical Infectious Diseases 73, no. 4 (February 1, 2021): e934-e937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab052.

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Abstract Background Current international guidelines on human immunodeficieny virus (HIV) Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) recommend serological screening for syphilis at routine 3-monthly PrEP appointments. The aim of our study was to describe the pattern of clinical presentation of syphilis among men who have sex with men (MSM) taking PrEP. We were interested in whether syphilis is detected through screening at scheduled3-monthly PrEP clinic appointments or whether primary or secondary syphilis presented at unscheduled interval visits. Methods This was a retrospective study of MSM attending t
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Tagaya, Yutaka, Masao Matsuoka, and Robert Gallo. "40 years of the human T-cell leukemia virus: past, present, and future." F1000Research 8 (February 28, 2019): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17479.1.

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It has been nearly 40 years since human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1), the first oncogenic retrovirus in humans and the first demonstrable cause of cancer by an infectious agent, was discovered. Studies indicate that HTLV-1 is arguably one of the most carcinogenic agents to humans. In addition, HTLV-1 causes a diverse array of diseases, including myelopathy and immunodeficiency, which cause morbidity and mortality to many people in the world, including the indigenous population in Australia, a fact that was emphasized only recently. HTLV-1 can be transmitted by infected lymphocytes, from mo
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Stardust, Zahra, Johann Kolstee, Stefan Joksic, James Gray, and Siobhan Hannan. "A community-led, harm-reduction approach to chemsex: case study from Australia’s largest gay city." Sexual Health 15, no. 2 (2018): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh17145.

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Rates of drug use remain substantially higher among gay and bisexual men (GBM) and people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The use of drugs to enhance sexual pleasure within cultures of Party and Play creates opportunities to discuss sexual health, mental health, consent and wellbeing. Community organisations with a history of HIV prevention, care, treatment are well-placed to respond. ACON’s (formerly the AIDS Council of New South Wales) multi-dimensional response to ‘chemsex’ includes: direct client services support for individuals seeking to manage or reduce th
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Horn, Ryan, Denton Callander, and Bridget Haire. "Perceptions of sexually transmissible infection pre-exposure prophylaxis: a qualitative study of high-risk gay and bisexual men in Sydney, New South Wales." Sexual Health 17, no. 2 (2020): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh19175.

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Background Novel sexually transmissible infection (STI) prevention strategies are needed to combat increasing bacterial STI incidences alongside decreasing condom use among gay and bisexual men (GBM) in Australia. Sexually transmissible infection pre-exposure prophylaxis (STI-PrEP) using regular doxycycline is one such strategy that is the subject of ongoing research. However, a lack of qualitative data regarding the conceptualisation, perceived risks, perceived benefits and preferred dosing strategies of STI-PrEP may impede future research and implementation efforts. Methods: Semistructured i
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Ward, James, Michael Costello-Czok, Jon Willis, Mark Saunders, and Cindy Shannon. "So Far, So Good: Maintenance of Prevention Is Required to Stem HIV Incidence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Communities in Australia." AIDS Education and Prevention 26, no. 3 (June 2014): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2014.26.3.267.

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Body, Amy, Jennifer F. Hoy, Allen C. Cheng, and Michelle L. Giles. "Incident hepatitis B infection subsequent to the diagnosis of HIV infection in a Melbourne cohort: missed opportunities for prevention." Sexual Health 11, no. 1 (2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh13019.

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Background The characteristics associated with incident hepatitis B (HBV) infection in HIV-positive individuals are not well described in the Australian setting. The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of and risk factors for HBV infection within HIV-infected individuals in a Melbourne cohort between 1985 and 2011. Methods: Individuals susceptible to HBV at their HIV diagnosis were identified using their HBV serology stored within the Victorian HIV database. Within this group, those who had a subsequent positive test for hepatitis B surface antigen or hepatitis B core antibod
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