Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / HIV infections – Treatment – Botswana / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: HIV infections – Treatment – Botswana.

Journal articles on the topic 'HIV infections – Treatment – Botswana'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'HIV infections – Treatment – Botswana.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Bussmann, Christine, Philip Rotz, Ndwapi Ndwapi, Daniel Baxter, Hermann Bussmann, C. William Wester, Patricia Ncube, et al. "Strengthening Healthcare Capacity Through a Responsive, Country-Specific, Training Standard: The KITSO AIDS Training Program’s Sup-port of Botswana’s National Antiretroviral Therapy Rollout." Open AIDS Journal 2, no. 1 (February 29, 2008): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613600802010010.

Full text

Abstract:

In parallel with the rollout of Botswana’s national antiretroviral therapy (ART) program, the Botswana Ministry of Health established the KITSO AIDS Training Program by entering into long-term partnerships with the Botswana–Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership for HIV Research and Education and others to provide standardized, country-specific training in HIV/AIDS care. The KITSO training model has strengthened human capacity within Botswana’s health sector and been indispensable to successful ART rollout. Through core and advanced training courses and clinical mentoring, different cadres of health care workers have been trained to provide high-quality HIV/AIDS care at all ART sites in the country. Continuous and standardized clinical education will be crucial to sustain the present level of care and successfully address future treatment challenges.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Novitsky, Vlad, Melissa Zahralban-Steele, Sikhulile Moyo, Tapiwa Nkhisang, Dorcas Maruapula, Mary Fran McLane, Jean Leidner, et al. "Mapping of HIV-1C Transmission Networks Reveals Extensive Spread of Viral Lineages Across Villages in Botswana Treatment-as-Prevention Trial." Journal of Infectious Diseases 222, no. 10 (June 3, 2020): 1670–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa276.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Phylogenetic mapping of HIV-1 lineages circulating across defined geographical locations is promising for better understanding HIV transmission networks to design optimal prevention interventions. Methods We obtained near full-length HIV-1 genome sequences from people living with HIV (PLWH), including participants on antiretroviral treatment in the Botswana Combination Prevention Project, conducted in 30 Botswana communities in 2013–2018. Phylogenetic relationships among viral sequences were estimated by maximum likelihood. Results We obtained 6078 near full-length HIV-1C genome sequences from 6075 PLWH. We identified 984 phylogenetically distinct HIV-1 lineages (molecular HIV clusters) circulating in Botswana by mid-2018, with 2–27 members per cluster. Of these, dyads accounted for 62%, approximately 32% (n = 316) were found in single communities, and 68% (n = 668) were spread across multiple communities. Men in clusters were approximately 3 years older than women (median age 42 years, vs 39 years; P < .0001). In 65% of clusters, men were older than women, while in 35% of clusters women were older than men. The majority of identified viral lineages were spread across multiple communities. Conclusions A large number of circulating phylogenetically distinct HIV-1C lineages (molecular HIV clusters) suggests highly diversified HIV transmission networks across Botswana communities by 2018.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Phinius, Bonolo B., Resego Bokete, Motswedi Anderson, Tshepiso Mbangiwa, Wonderful Choga, Sikhulile Moyo, Rosemary Musonda, Richard Marlink, and Simani Gaseitsiwe. "PO 8481 HIGH HEPATITIS B VIRUS INCIDENCE AMONG HIV-1-INFECTED TREATMENT-NAIVE ADULTS IN BOTSWANA." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (April 2019): A44.1—A44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.115.

Full text

Abstract:

BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide despite a moderately potent vaccine. HBV prevalence has been shown to be higher in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hence increased liver-related morbidity and mortality, as well as general poor health outcomes in HIV-HBV co-infection. We estimated the HBV incidence among HIV-1-infected treatment-naïve adults in a longitudinal cohort in Botswana.MethodsPlasma samples from 200 HIV-1C-infected treatment-naïve participants from a completed longitudinal cohort from 2004 to 2007 were screened for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). HBsAg was assessed using Murex version 3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as per manufacturer’s instructions at 4 timepoints, 12 months apart. We estimated HBV incidence with 95% confidence interval (CI). Cox proportional regression method was used to estimate hazard ratios [gender, age (≤35 or>35) years, CD4+ T cell count (≤450 or>450) cells/µL and HIV viral load suppression (≤400 or>400) copies/mL].ResultsThe median age of screened individuals was 32 years [Q1, Q3; 28, 40] and 83.5% [167/200] were female. Baseline median CD4+ T cell count was 466.35 cells/µL [Q1, Q3: 380.43, 605.75] and median HIV viral load was 13 450 copies/mL [Q1, Q3: 2365, 37 400]. The HBV incidence was 3.6/100 person-years [95% CI: 2.2–5.6]. There were no significant differences by gender, age, HIV viral load suppression and CD4+ T cell count.ConclusionWe report for the first time a high HBV incidence among HIV-infected adults in Botswana. HBV incidence was high in this population despite generally high CD4 +T cell counts and lower HIV viral loads. Early screening of HBV in HIV-infected individuals is vital and should be included in the national HIV treatment guidelines.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Milligan, Michael G., Elizabeth Bigger, Jeremy S. Abramson, Aliyah R. Sohani, Musimar Zola, Mukendi K. A. Kayembe, Heluf Medhin, et al. "Impact of HIV Infection on the Clinical Presentation and Survival of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Prospective Observational Study From Botswana." Journal of Global Oncology, no. 4 (December 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.17.00084.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose Botswana has a high prevalence of HIV infection. Currently, there are few data regarding the sociodemographic factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)—an AIDS-defining cancer—in the country. Patients and Methods This study used a prospective cancer registry to identify patients with a new diagnosis of NHL reporting for specialty cancer care at three hospitals in Botswana between October 2010 and August 2016. Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results One hundred four patients with a new diagnosis of NHL were enrolled in this study, 72% of whom had HIV infection. Compared with patients not infected with HIV, patients infected with HIV were younger (median age, 53.9 v 39.1 years; P = .001) and more likely to present with an aggressive subtype of NHL (65.5% v 84.0%; P = .008). All patients infected with HIV received combined antiretroviral therapy throughout the course of the study, and similar chemotherapeutic regimens were recommended for all patients, regardless of subtype or HIV status (six to eight cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone; or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone plus rituximab). There was no difference in 1-year mortality among patients not infected with HIV and patients infected with HIV (unadjusted analysis, 52.9% v 37.1%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; P = .33; adjusted analysis, HR, 0.57; P = .14). However, when compared with a cohort of patients in the United States matched by subtype, stage, age, sex, and race, patients in Botswana fared worse (1-year mortality, 22.8% v 46.3%; HR, 1.89; P = .001). Conclusion Among patients with NHL reporting for specialty cancer care in Botswana, there is no association between HIV status and 1-year survival.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Makhema, Joseph, Kathleen E. Wirth, Molly Pretorius Holme, Tendani Gaolathe, Mompati Mmalane, Etienne Kadima, Unoda Chakalisa, et al. "Universal Testing, Expanded Treatment, and Incidence of HIV Infection in Botswana." New England Journal of Medicine 381, no. 3 (July 18, 2019): 230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1812281.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Dryden-Peterson, Scott, Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gita Suneja, Jason A. Efstathiou, Surbhi Grover, Sebathu Chiyapo, Doreen Ramogola-Masire, et al. "HIV Infection and Survival Among Women With Cervical Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 31 (November 1, 2016): 3749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.67.9613.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among the 20 million women with HIV worldwide. We sought to determine whether HIV infection affected survival in women with invasive cervical cancer. Patients and Methods We enrolled sequential patients with cervical cancer in Botswana from 2010 to 2015. Standard treatment included external beam radiation and brachytherapy with concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy. The effect of HIV on survival was estimated by using an inverse probability weighted marginal Cox model. Results A total of 348 women with cervical cancer were enrolled, including 231 (66.4%) with HIV and 96 (27.6%) without HIV. The majority (189 [81.8%]) of women with HIV received antiretroviral therapy before cancer diagnosis. The median CD4 cell count for women with HIV was 397 (interquartile range, 264 to 555). After a median follow-up of 19.7 months, 117 (50.7%) women with HIV and 40 (41.7%) without HIV died. One death was attributed to HIV and the remaining to cancer. Three-year survival for the women with HIV was 35% (95% CI, 27% to 44%) and 48% (95% CI, 35% to 60%) for those without HIV. In an adjusted analysis, HIV infection significantly increased the risk for death among all women (hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.20 to 3.17) and in the subset that received guideline-concordant curative treatment (hazard ratio, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.05 to 6.55). The adverse effect of HIV on survival was greater for women with a more-limited stage cancer ( P = .035), those treated with curative intent ( P = .003), and those with a lower CD4 cell count ( P = .036). Advanced stage and poor treatment completion contributed to high mortality overall. Conclusion In the context of good access to and use of antiretroviral treatment in Botswana, HIV infection significantly decreases cervical cancer survival.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Wynn, Adriane, Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Ponatshego Gaolebale, Neo Moshashane, Ontiretse Sickboy, Sofia Duque, Elizabeth Williams, Klara Doherty, Jeffrey D. Klausner, and Chelsea Morroni. "Prevalence and treatment outcomes of routine Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis testing during antenatal care, Gaborone, Botswana." Sexually Transmitted Infections 94, no. 3 (November 2, 2017): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053134.

Full text

Abstract:

ObjectivesChlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) are curable, mostly asymptomatic, STIs that cause adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Most countries do not test for those infections during antenatal care. We implemented a CT, NG and TV testing and treatment programme in an antenatal clinic in Gaborone, Botswana.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study in the antenatal clinic at Princess Marina Hospital in Gaborone, Botswana. We offered pregnant women who were 18 years or older and less than 35 weeks of gestation, CT, NG and TV testing using self-collected vaginal swabs. Testing was conducted using a GeneXpert® CT/NG and TV system. Those who tested positive were given directly observed antibiotic therapy and asked to return for a test of cure. We determined the prevalence of infections, uptake of treatment and proportion cured. The relationships between positive STI test and participant characteristics were assessed.ResultsWe enrolled 400 pregnant women. Fifty-four (13.5%) tested positive for CT, NG and/or TV: 31 (8%) for CT, 5 (1.3%) for NG and 21 (5%) for TV. Among those who tested positive, 74% (40) received same-day, in person results and treatment. Among those who received delayed results (6), 67% (4) were treated. Statistical comparisons showed that being unmarried and HIV infected were positively association CT, NG and/or TV infection. Self-reported STI symptoms were not associated with CT, NG and/or TV infection.ConclusionThe prevalence of CT, NG and/or TV was high, particularly among women with HIV infection. Among women with CT, NG and/or TV infection, those who received same-day results were more likely to be treated than those who received delayed results. More research is needed on the costs and benefits of integrating highly sensitive and specific STI testing into antenatal care in Southern Africa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Nnyepi, Maria, Maurice R. Bennink, Jose Jackson-Malete, Sumathi Venkatesh, Leapetswe Malete, Lucky Mokgatlhe, Philemon Lyoka, Gabriel M. Anabwani, Jerry Makhanda, and Lorraine J. Weatherspoon. "Nutrition status of HIV+ children in Botswana." Health Education 115, no. 5 (August 3, 2015): 495–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-04-2014-0052.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – Identifying and addressing poor nutritional status in school-aged children is often not prioritized relative to HIV/AIDS treatment. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the benefits of integrating nutrition (assessment and culturally acceptable food supplement intervention) in the treatment strategy for this target group. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted a randomized, double blind pre-/post-intervention trial with 201 HIV-positive children (six to 15 years) in Botswana. Eligibility included CD4 cell counts < 700/mm3 (a marker for the severity of HIV infection), documented treatment with antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, and no reported evidence of taking supplemental food products with one or more added nutrients in the six-month period prior to the study. The intervention (12 months) consisted of two food supplements for ethical reason, one with a higher protein content, bean (bean-sorghum based) group (n=97) and a cereal (sorghum) group (n=104) both of which contained added energy- and micro- nutrients. Anthropometric and biochemical nutritional status indicators (stunting, wasting, underweight, skinfolds for fat and muscle protein reserves, and hemoglobin levels) were compared within and between the bean and the cereal groups pre- and post-intervention separately for children six to nine years and ten to 15 years. Findings – Older children (ten to 15 years) fared worse overall compared to those who were younger (six to nine years) children in anthropometric and protein status indicators both at baseline and post-intervention. Among children six to nine years, the mid arm circumference and blood hemoglobin levels improved significantly in both the bean and cereal groups (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Although the BMI for age z-score and the triceps skinfold decreased significantly in the bean group, the post-intervention subscapular skinfold (fat stores) was significantly higher for the bean group compared to the cereal group (p < 0.05). Among children ten to 15 years, both the bean and the cereal groups also showed improvement in mid arm circumference (p < 0.001), but only those in the bean group showed improvement in hemoglobin (p < 0.01) post-intervention. Originality/value – Similar significant nutritional status findings and trends were found for both food interventions and age within group pre- vs post-comparisons, except hemoglobin in the older children. Post-intervention hemoglobin levels for the type food supplement was higher for the “bean” vs the “cereal” food in the younger age group. The fact that all children, but especially those who were older were in poor nutritional status supports the need for nutrition intervention in conjunction with ARV treatment in children with HIV/AIDS, perhaps using a scaled up future approach to enhance desired outcomes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Perry, Melissa EO, Kitenge Kalenga, Louise Francois Watkins, Japheth E. Mukaya, Kathleen M. Powis, Kara Bennett, Mompati Mmalane, Joseph Makhema, and Roger L. Shapiro. "HIV-related mortality at a district hospital in Botswana." International Journal of STD & AIDS 28, no. 3 (July 10, 2016): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462416646492.

Full text

Abstract:

We reviewed mortality data among medical inpatients at a tertiary hospital in Botswana to identify risk factors for adverse inpatient outcomes. This review was a prospective analysis of inpatient admissions. All medical admissions to male and female medical wards were recorded over a six-month period between 1 November 2011 and 30 April 2012. Data collected included patient demographics, HIV status (positive, negative, unknown), HIV testing history, HIV related treatment and serological history, admission and discharge diagnoses, and mortality status at final discharge or transfer. Of 972 patients admitted during the surveillance period, 427 (43.9%) were known to be HIV-positive on admission, 144 (14.8%) were known to be HIV-negative, and 401 (41.3%) had an unknown HIV status. Of those with unknown status, 131 (32.7%) were tested for HIV during admission and among these 35 (27.5%) were HIV-positive. Including patients with known mortality status following transfer, 172 (17.9%) patients died during the hospitalization. Death occurred in 105 (23%) of known HIV-positive patients, compared with 31 (13%) of known HIV-negative patients (p = 0.002, HR = 1.56 in adjusted analyses). Among HIV-positive patients who died, a low CD4 cell count (<200 cells/mm3) was associated with death. Overall, patients who died had significantly more neurological and respiratory-related presenting complaints than patients who survived. In conclusion, we identified higher overall mortality among HIV-positive patients at a tertiary hospital in Botswana, and low rates of in-hospital HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy initiation. These data demonstrate that despite available antiretroviral therapy in the population for over a decade, HIV continues to add excess burden to the hospital system and adds to inpatient mortality in Botswana.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Gross, Robert, Scarlett L. Bellamy, Bakgaki Ratshaa, Xiaoyan Han, Marijana Vujkovic, Richard Aplenc, Andrew P. Steenhoff, et al. "CYP2B6 genotypes and early efavirenz-based HIV treatment outcomes in Botswana." AIDS 31, no. 15 (September 2017): 2107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000001593.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Mehta, Krina, Shruthi Ravimohan, Jotam G. Pasipanodya, Shashikant Srivastava, Chawangwa Modongo, Nicola M. Zetola, Drew Weissman, et al. "Optimizing ethambutol dosing among HIV/tuberculosis co-infected patients: a population pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation study." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 74, no. 10 (July 4, 2019): 2994–3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz265.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Reduced ethambutol serum concentrations are commonly observed among TB patients co-infected with HIV and may lead to treatment failure. Objectives To perform a population pharmacokinetic study of ethambutol in HIV/TB patients, and to evaluate an intensified ethambutol weight-based dosing strategy to support pharmacokinetic target attainment. Methods We conducted a prospective study of ethambutol pharmacokinetics among HIV/TB patients administered first-line TB treatment in Botswana, with study visits before and after initiation of ART. Clinical and disease status markers, including HIV-associated systemic immune activation and gut dysfunction biomarkers, were evaluated as covariates of ethambutol pharmacokinetic parameters in non-linear mixed effects analysis. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to compare pharmacokinetic target attainment under standard and intensified weight-based ethambutol dosing strategies. Results We studied 40 HIV/TB patients prior to initiation of ART, of whom 24 returned for a second visit a median of 33 days following ART initiation. Ethambutol serum concentrations were best explained by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination, with a significant improvement in oral bioavailability following ART initiation. In Monte Carlo simulations, a supplementary ethambutol dose of 400 mg daily led to >2-fold improvements in pharmacokinetic target attainment probabilities in lung tissue, both before and after ART initiation. Conclusions Low serum ethambutol concentrations were commonly observed among HIV/TB patients in Botswana, and the oral bioavailability of ethambutol increased following ART initiation. Supplementary ethambutol dosing among HIV/TB patients may provide a strategy to optimize anti-TB treatment regimens in this high-risk population.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Ndlovu, Nokuthula S., and Kaelo Seatla. "PO 8411 MOLECULAR CHARACTERISATION OF GP41 AND GP120 V3 LOOP IN HIV-1C PATIENTS FAILING SALVAGE THERAPY IN BOTSWANA." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (April 2019): A34.1—A34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.87.

Full text

Abstract:

BackgroundTriple class drug-resistant HIV-1 infection remains a global challenge in individuals with extensive antiretroviral treatment (ART) experience, in terms of high mortality and probability of onward transmission. New therapeutic options within old and new drug classes are therefore essential. We determined if patients failing salvage therapy in Botswana are eligible for maraviroc (MVC) and enfuvirtide (T20) viral entry inhibitors based on the coreceptor usage and drug-resistant mutations in envelope gp120 and gp41.MethodsA total of 38 deep salvage patients were included in the analysis. We amplified and sequenced gp41 and V3 regions of HIV-1 envelope. Drug resistance mutations were analysed according to the IAS-USA 2017 reference mutation lists. Coreceptor usage was determined using PSSM and Geno2Pheno using a false-positive rate (FPR) of 10%.ResultsAmong 38 participants, 34 (89%) were successfully sequenced and amplified gp41 and 26 (68%) gp120 V3 loop sequences were obtained. Major T20 mutation G36S was obtained in 1/34 samples (5.8%) within the study population. Polymorphisms I169V(97%), I135L(100%), E151A(70.6%) and N42S(70.6%) were detected in HR1 and HR2 of gp41. CXCR4 coreceptor associated use, mutation L34M in gp41 HR1 was detected in 2 samples (5%). Analysis of coreceptor usage showed (17/26) 65.4% use of CCR5, and a (9/26) 34.6% use of the CXCR4 coreceptor.ConclusionA moderately high proportion of treatment-experienced (deep salvage) participants had CXCR4 coreceptor using strains. The use of maraviroc in Botswana would require coreceptor tropism testing. Non-T20 treatment experience in Botswana reduces the prevalence of the major mutations that confer resistance to the drug. T20 is therefore a potential alternative drug for patients failing salvage therapy in Botswana.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Lockman, Shahin, Molly Pretorius Holme, Joseph Makhema, Pamela Bachanas, Janet Moore, Kathleen E. Wirth, Refeletswe Lebelonyane, and M. Essex. "Implementation of Universal HIV Testing and Treatment to Reduce HIV Incidence in Botswana: the Ya Tsie Study." Current HIV/AIDS Reports 17, no. 5 (August 14, 2020): 478–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11904-020-00523-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Bogart, Laura M., Mosepele Mosepele, Nthabiseng Phaladze, Bright Lekoko, David J. Klein, Sarah MacCarthy, and Harold D. Green. "A Social Network Analysis of HIV Treatment Partners and Patient Viral Suppression in Botswana." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 78, no. 2 (June 2018): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000001661.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Wynn, Adriane, Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Ponatshego Gaolebale, Neo Moshashane, Ogechukwu Agatha Offorjebe, Kaitlin Arena, Jeffrey D. Klausner, and Chelsea Morroni. "Acceptability and Feasibility of Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing and Treatment among Pregnant Women in Gaborone, Botswana, 2015." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1251238.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction.Chlamydia trachomatis(CT),Neisseria gonorrhoeae(NG), andTrichomonas vaginalis(TV) are curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that can cause adverse maternal and birth outcomes. Most countries do not conduct routine testing during antenatal care. We present data on the acceptability and feasibility of testing and treating pregnant women for STIs in an antenatal clinic in Gaborone, Botswana.Materials and Methods. We offered CT, NG, and TV testing using self-collected vaginal swabs to eligible pregnant women. Participants received same-day test results. Those who tested positive were given treatment.Results. Among the 225 women who were eligible and recruited, 200 (89%) agreed to participate. The median age of our study sample was 30 years; most were unmarried (77%), with a median gestational age of 27 weeks and a 23% HIV prevalence. All participants received their results with at least 72% (n=143) on the same day. Thirty participants (15%) tested positive for an STI, all were treated, and 24 (80%) were treated on the same day.Conclusion. The acceptability of STI testing was high, and the intervention was feasible. This study provides support for continued research into STI prevalence, cost-effectiveness, and the association of STIs with adverse maternal and infant outcomes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Maan, Irfaan, David S. Lawrence, Nametso Tlhako, Kehumile Ramontshonyana, Aamirah Mussa, Adriane Wynn, Michael Marks, Doreen Ramogola-Masire, and Chelsea Morroni. "Using a dual antibody point-of-care test with visual and digital reads to diagnose syphilis among people living with HIV in Botswana." International Journal of STD & AIDS 32, no. 5 (February 11, 2021): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462420975639.

Full text

Abstract:

Syphilis data from low- and middle-income countries are lacking due to limited testing. Point-of-care tests (POCTs) have been promoted to expand testing but previously only included treponemal tests, which cannot distinguish active from past infection. We aimed to assess the feasibility of using a combined treponemal and non-treponemal POCT in HIV clinic patients in Gaborone, Botswana, and estimate syphilis prevalence in our clinic sample using this approach. We recruited 390 non-pregnant patients. Participants underwent a combined treponemal and non-treponemal POCT (Dual Path Platform (DPP®) Syphilis Screen and Confirm Assay (Chembio Diagnostic Systems)) on finger-prick blood sample and a questionnaire. Median age 45 years, 30% men, median CD4 count 565 cells/μL, and 91% had an HIV viral load <400 copies/mL. Five participants had active syphilis (1.3%, 95% CI 0.5–3.0%) and 64 had previous syphilis (16.4%, 95% CI 13.0–20.4%) using the DPP POCT. There was a reasonable level of agreement between digital and visual reading of the POCT (kappa statistic of 0.81); however, visual reading missed three active infections (60%). The level of active syphilis was similar to local antenatal data. The DPP POCT led to five participants with active syphilis being diagnosed and starting same-day treatment. The digital reader should be used.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Smith, Christiana, Natasha O. Moraka, Maryanne Ibrahim, Sikhulile Moyo, Gloria Mayondi, Betsy Kammerer, Jean Leidner, et al. "Human Immunodeficiency Virus Exposure but Not Early Cytomegalovirus Infection Is Associated With Increased Hospitalization and Decreased Memory T-Cell Responses to Tetanus Vaccine." Journal of Infectious Diseases 221, no. 7 (November 10, 2019): 1167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz590.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed, uninfected (HEU) infants experience high rates of infectious morbidity. We hypothesized that early cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was associated with increased hospitalization rates and decreased vaccine responses in HEU compared with HIV-unexposed (HUU) infants. Methods Among infants enrolled in the Tshipidi study in Botswana, we determined CMV infection status by 6 months of age and compared hospitalization rates and responses to tetanus and Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccines among HEU and HUU vaccinees. Results Fifteen of 226 (6.6%) HEU infants and 17 (19.3%) of 88 HUU infants were CMV-infected by 6 months. The HEU infants were approximately 3 times as likely to be hospitalized compared with HUU infants (P = .02). The HEU peripheral blood cells produced less interleukin (IL)-2 (P = .004), but similar amounts of interferon-γ, after stimulation with tetanus toxoid. Antitetanus immunoglobulin G titers were similar between groups. Cellular responses to purified protein derivative stimulation did not differ between groups. Maternal receipt of 3-drug antiretroviral therapy compared with zidovudine was associated with increased IL-2 expression after tetanus toxoid stimulation. The infants’ CMV infection status was not associated with clinical or vaccine response outcomes. Conclusions We observed that increased rates of hospitalization and decreased memory T-cell responses to tetanus vaccine were associated with HIV exposure and incomplete treatment of maternal HIV infection, but not early CMV infection.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Seatla, Kaelo K., Dorcas Maruapula, Wonderful T. Choga, Tshenolo Ntsipe, Nametso Mathiba, Mompati Mogwele, Max Kapanda, et al. "HIV-1 Subtype C Drug Resistance Mutations in Heavily Treated Patients Failing Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor-Based Regimens in Botswana." Viruses 13, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13040594.

Full text

Abstract:

There are limited real-world mutational and virological outcomes data of treatment-experienced persons diagnosed with HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1 C) who are failing Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor-based regimens. Requisition forms sent for HIV-1 genotypic resistance testing (GRT) between May 2015 and September 2019 were reviewed and participants experiencing virologic failure while on dolutegravir (DTG) or raltegravir (RAL) cART at sampling recruited. Sanger sequencing of the HIV-1 Pol gene was performed from residual plasma samples and drug resistance mutational (DRM) analysis performed using the Stanford University HIV drug resistance database. 40 HIV-1C integrase sequences were generated from 34 individuals, 24 of whom were on DTG cART, three on RAL cART and seven on an unknown (DTG or RAL)-anchored cART at time of GRT. 11/34 (32%) individuals had DRMs to DTG and other integrase inhibitors. 7/11 (64%) patients had exposure to a RAL-based cART at the time of sampling. Out of the 11 individuals with DRMs, one (9%) had 2-class, 6 (55%) had 3-class, and 4 (36%) had 4-class multidrug-resistant HIV-1C. 7/11 individuals (64%) are currently virologically suppressed. Of the four individuals not virologically suppressed, three had extensive DRMs involving 4-classes of ARV drugs and one individual has demised. Resistance to DTG occurs more often in patients exposed to RAL cART. Individuals with 4-class DRMs plus integrase T97 and E157Q mutations appear to have worse outcomes. There is a need for frequent VL monitoring and GRT amongst treatment-experienced HIV-1C diagnosed individuals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Redd, Andrew D., Ava Avalos, and Max Essex. "Infection of hematopoietic progenitor cells by HIV-1 subtype C, and its association with anemia in southern Africa." Blood 110, no. 9 (November 1, 2007): 3143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-04-086314.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractReports from southern Africa, an area in which human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is caused almost exclusively by subtype C (HIV-1C), have shown increased rates of anemia in HIV-infected populations compared with similar acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in the United States, an area predominantly infected with subtype B (HIV-1B). Recent findings by our group demonstrated a direct association between HIV-1 infection and hematopoietic progenitor cell health in Botswana. Therefore, using a single-colony infection assay and quantitative proviral analysis, we examined whether HIV-1C could infect hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and whether this phenotype was associated with the higher rates of anemia found in southern Africa. The results show that a significant number of HIV-1C, but not HIV-1B, isolates can infect HPCs in vitro (P < .05). In addition, a portion of HIV-1C–positive Africans had infected progenitor cell populations in vivo, which was associated with higher rates of anemia in these patients (P < .05). This represents a difference in cell tropism between 2 geographically separate and distinct HIV-1 subtypes. The association of this hematotropic phenotype with higher rates of anemia should be considered when examining anti-HIV drug treatment regimens in HIV-1C–predominant areas, such as southern Africa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Mujugira, Andrew, C. William Wester, Soyeon Kim, Hermann Bussmann, and Tendani Gaolathe. "Patients with Advanced HIV Type 1 Infection Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana: Treatment Response and Mortality." AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 25, no. 2 (February 2009): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2008.0172.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Klinger, Amanda E., Ryan J. Kronen, Tomer Barak, Patricia Mophuthegi, Joseph Makhema, Rebecca Zash, and Roger Shapiro. "769. Mortality Among Inpatients After the Initiation of ‘Treat All’ With Dolutegravir in Botswana." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.959.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background Botswana was the first African country to implement a ‘treat all’ dolutegravir (DTG)-based treatment program for all adults. We studied whether this transition made a short-term impact on inpatient mortality among people living with HIV (PLWHIV). Methods From Dec 2015-Nov 2017, data were collected prospectively on all patients admitted to the medical wards of a district hospital in Botswana. Tenofovir/emtricitabine/efavirenz (TDF/FTC/EFV) was the first-line recommended antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimen for all ART-naïve adults with CD4 < 350 until May 2016, when it was replaced by TDF/FTC/DTG without CD4 restriction (‘treat all’). Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare mortality by ART regimen. Results Of 1,969 patients admitted, 41.5% were PLWHIV and of these 62.9% were on ART prior to admission. Before ‘treat all’, 160 (58.0%) of 276 PLWHIV were on ART prior to admission, and post-implementation 354 (65.4%) of 541 PLWHIV were on ART prior to admission (p=0.01). Among 315 patients on EFV-based ART and 85 on DTG-based ART prior to admission, demographics were similar (Table 1), except for more recent ART initiation with DTG, and lower median CD4 cell count with DTG (256 vs. 339 cells/mm3). Tuberculosis (TB) and community acquired pneumonia were the leading causes of hospitalization for both regimens. Death occurred in 178 (21.8%) PLWHIV, including 29% not on ART and 19% on any ART (p=0.003). Overall, 38% who initiated ART < 3 months prior to admission died (23.7% DTG, 48.8% EFV), and 36% with CD4 cell count < 50 cells/mm3 died (42.9% DTG, 30.8% EFV). Fewer deaths occurred among those on EFV (18%) compared with those on DTG (27%). However, controlling for CD4 count and timing of ART start, the risk of mortality among those on DTG and EFV was similar (aRR 1.08, 95% CI 0.62, 1.87). TB was the leading cause of death (40.1% off ART, 31.8% on DTG, 22.2% on EFV). Table 1. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) admitted to Scottish Livingstone Hospital, stratified by ART regimen prior to admission. Conclusion We found no improvement in inpatient mortality among PLWHIV during the shift to ‘treat all’ with DTG-based ART in Botswana. Decreasing high inpatient HIV mortality will require increased testing in the community to detect and treat PLWHIV prior to disease progression, and improved screening for opportunistic infections. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Garcia-Broncano, Pilar, Shivaali Maddali, Kevin B. Einkauf, Chenyang Jiang, Ce Gao, Joshua Chevalier, Fatema Z. Chowdhury, et al. "Early antiretroviral therapy in neonates with HIV-1 infection restricts viral reservoir size and induces a distinct innate immune profile." Science Translational Medicine 11, no. 520 (November 27, 2019): eaax7350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aax7350.

Full text

Abstract:

Neonatal HIV-1 infection is associated with rapidly progressive and frequently fatal immune deficiency if left untreated. Immediate institution of antiretroviral therapy (ART), ideally within hours after birth, may restrict irreversible damage to the developing neonatal immune system and possibly provide opportunities for facilitating drug-free viral control during subsequent treatment interruptions. However, the virological and immunological effects of ART initiation within hours after delivery have not been systematically investigated. We examined a unique cohort of neonates with HIV-1 infection from Botswana who started ART shortly after birth and were followed longitudinally for about 2 years in comparison to control infants started on treatment during the first year after birth. We demonstrate multiple clear benefits of rapid antiretroviral initiation, including an extremely small reservoir of intact proviral sequences, a reduction in abnormal T cell immune activation, a more polyfunctional HIV-1–specific T cell response, and an innate immune profile that displays distinct features of improved antiviral activity and is associated with intact proviral reservoir size. Together, these data offer rare insight into the evolutionary dynamics of viral reservoir establishment in neonates and provide strong empirical evidence supporting the immediate initiation of ART for neonates with HIV-1 infection.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Chen, Jennifer Y., Anthony C. Ogwu, Petr Svab, Shahin Lockman, Howard J. Moffat, Tendani Gaolathe, Shana Moilwa, et al. "Antiretroviral Treatment Initiation Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women with Low CD4+ Cell Counts in Gaborone, Botswana." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 54, no. 1 (May 2010): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0b013e3181c080bf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Ioannides, Kimon L. H., Jennifer Chapman, Tafireyi Marukutira, Ontibile Tshume, Gabriel Anabwani, Robert Gross, and Elizabeth D. Lowenthal. "Patterns of HIV Treatment Adherence do not Differ Between Male and Female Adolescents in Botswana." AIDS and Behavior 21, no. 2 (September 8, 2016): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1530-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Genn, Leah, Jennifer Chapman, Harriet Okatch, Neil Abell, Tafireyi Marukutira, Ontibile Tshume, Gabriel Anabwani, Robert Gross, and Elizabeth D. Lowenthal. "Pharmacy Refill Data are Poor Predictors of Virologic Treatment Outcomes in Adolescents with HIV in Botswana." AIDS and Behavior 23, no. 8 (November 1, 2018): 2130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2325-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Grover, Surbhi, Emily C. MacDuffie, Qiao Wang, Memory Bvochora‐Nsingo, Rohini K. Bhatia, Dawn Balang, Sebathu P. Chiyapo, et al. "HIV infection is not associated with the initiation of curative treatment in women with cervical cancer in Botswana." Cancer 125, no. 10 (February 25, 2019): 1645–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.31972.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

MacDuffie, E., S. Sakamuri, Q. Wang, R. Luckett, T. Moloi, T. Ralefala, M. Bvochara-Nsingo, S. Shin, N. Zetola, and S. Grover. "Patterns of Care and Outcomes of Vulvar Cancer Treatment in Women With or Without HIV Infection in Botswana." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 108, no. 3 (November 2020): e455-e456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2568.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

McGinnis, G. J., M. S. Ning, M. Nsingo, S. Chiyapo, D. Balang, K. Difela, T. Ralefala, A. Lin, N. Zetola, and S. Grover. "Practice Patterns in the Treatment of Head and Neck Malignancies with or without Comorbid HIV Infection in Botswana." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 108, no. 3 (November 2020): S134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.868.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Lin, Nina H., Laura M. Smeaton, Françoise Giguel, Vladimir Novitsky, Sikhulile Moyo, Rebecca M. Mitchell, Joseph Makhema, Myron Essex, Shahin Lockman, and Daniel R. Kuritzkes. "Prevalence and Clinical Associations of CXCR4-Using HIV-1 Among Treatment-Naive Subtype C-Infected Women in Botswana." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 57, no. 1 (May 2011): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0b013e318214fe27.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Scott, J. Cobb, Amelia E. Van Pelt, Allison M. Port, Lucky Njokweni, Ruben C. Gur, Tyler M. Moore, Onkemetse Phoi, et al. "Development of a computerised neurocognitive battery for children and adolescents with HIV in Botswana: study design and protocol for the Ntemoga study." BMJ Open 10, no. 8 (August 2020): e041099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041099.

Full text

Abstract:

IntroductionNeurodevelopmental delays and cognitive impairments are common in youth living with HIV. Unfortunately, in resource-limited settings, where HIV infection impacts millions of children, cognitive and neurodevelopmental disorders commonly go undetected because of a lack of appropriate assessment instruments and local expertise. Here, we present a protocol to culturally adapt and validate the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (PennCNB) and examine its validity for detecting both advanced and subtle neurodevelopmental problems among school-aged children affected by HIV in resource-limited settings.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, observational cohort study. The venue for this study is Gaborone, Botswana, a resource-limited setting with high rates of perinatal exposure to HIV and limited neurocognitive assessment tools and expertise. We aim to validate the PennCNB in this setting by culturally adapting and then administering the adapted version of the battery to 200 HIV-infected, 200 HIV-exposed uninfected and 240 HIV-unexposed uninfected children. A series of analyses will be conducted to examine the reliability and construct validity of the PennCNB in these populations.Ethics and disseminationThis project received ethical approval from local and university Institutional Review Boards and involved extensive input from local stakeholders. If successful, the proposed tools will provide practical screening and streamlined, comprehensive assessments that could be implemented in resource-limited settings to identify children with cognitive deficits within programmes focused on the care and treatment of children affected by HIV. The utility of such assessments could also extend beyond children affected by HIV, increasing general access to paediatric cognitive assessments in resource-limited settings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Sollerkvist, Lotta Pramanik, Simani Gaseitsiwe, Madisa Mine, Gaseene Sebetso, Thongbotho Mphoyakgosi, Thabo Diphoko, Max Essex, and Anneka Ehrnst. "Increased CXCR4 Use of HIV-1 Subtype C Identified by Population Sequencing in Patients Failing Antiretroviral Treatment Compared with Treatment-Naive Patients in Botswana." AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 30, no. 5 (May 2014): 436–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2013.0203.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Shin, Sanghyuk S., Chawangwa Modongo, Rosanna Boyd, Cynthia Caiphus, Lesego Kuate, Botshelo Kgwaadira, and Nicola M. Zetola. "High Treatment Success Rates Among HIV-Infected Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients After Expansion of Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana, 2006–2013." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 74, no. 1 (January 2017): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000001169.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Wester, C. William, Soyeon Kim, Hermann Bussmann, Ava Avalos, Ndwapi Ndwapi, Trevor F. Peter, Tendani Gaolathe, et al. "Initial Response to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1C-Infected Adults in a Public Sector Treatment Program in Botswana." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 40, no. 3 (November 2005): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.qai.0000159668.80207.5b.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Seatla, Kaelo K., Ava Avalos, Sikhulile Moyo, Madisa Mine, Thabo Diphoko, Mosepele Mosepele, Tendani Gaolatlhe, et al. "Four-class drug-resistant HIV-1 subtype C in a treatment experienced individual on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy in Botswana." AIDS 32, no. 13 (August 2018): 1899–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000001920.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Koofhethile, Catherine K., Sikhulile Moyo, Kenanao P. Kotokwe, Charlotte Chang, Patrick Mokgethi, Lorato Muchoba, Selebogo Mokgweetsi, et al. "Detection of Inducible Replication-Competent HIV-1 Subtype C Provirus Despite Long-Term Antiretroviral Treatment in Perinatally Infected Adolescents in Botswana." AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 37, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2020.0097.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Tau, B. M. "Patient Characteristics and Predictors of Advanced Breast Cancer Stage at a Public Referral Hospital in a Middle-Income Sub-Saharan African Country." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 33s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.49800.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women in Botswana, a middle-income country in sub-Saharan Africa where cancer treatment is free to all citizens. While treatment is accessible, treatment outcomes may be limited by delayed diagnosis and or suboptimal treatment. Aim: As a preliminary step to understanding ways to improve early diagnosis of breast cancer in Botswana, we aimed to describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of breast cancer patients receiving specialized oncology care. Methods: Retrospective review of electronic data of patients enrolled in Thabatse Cancer Cohort study, including female patients diagnosed with breast cancer between October 2010 and July 2017 was conducted. Patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were described. We used univariate and multivariable logistic regression to explore predictors of advanced stage (III or IV) at presentation. Patients without known cancer stage were excluded. All factors significant in univariate analysis ( P < 0.05) were included in final multivariable model. Statistical analyses were performed using R on an EZR platform. Results: A total of 481 female breast cancer patients were included in our analysis, with median age of 52.4 (IQR 44.0- 64.4) years. Majority of patients were not married (61%), nearly half (48%) had primary school or less education, 54% had income of less than $50 per month, and 30% were HIV positive. Overall, 260 (54%) were diagnosed with advanced cancer stage, 144 (30%) had early-stage cancer, and 77 (16%) had unknown cancer stage. Compared with early-stage cancer; income of less than $50 per month (odds ratio [OR] 1.58, 95% CI 1.03-2.44) and not having an indoor toilet (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.36-0.87) were significantly associated with advanced cancer. Importantly, no significant association was detected for HIV infection (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.79-2.13), education (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.77-1.83) and electricity at home (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.56-1.64). In the adjusted model only income of less than $50 per month was significantly associated with advanced cancer (adjusted OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.17-2.93). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that a high proportion of breast cancer cases receiving specialized oncology care were diagnosed at an advanced stage. While patients from lower socioeconomic seem to be at higher risk, these data suggest that broad sectorial interventions are needed to reduce cancer stage at presentation rather than targeted programs focused on individual populations or barriers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Madiba, Sphiwe, and Unaswi Josiah. "Perceived Stigma and Fear of Unintended Disclosure are Barriers in Medication Adherence in Adolescents with Perinatal HIV in Botswana: A Qualitative Study." BioMed Research International 2019 (December 2, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9623159.

Full text

Abstract:

Background. Maintaining optimal adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is a challenge for adolescents with perinatally HIV (ALPHIV), and there is little consensus on what factors contribute to adherence in this population. This study assessed self-reported medication adherence among ALPHIV and explored structural factors that hinder or motivate them to adhere. Methods. This qualitative study used in-depth interviews with ALPHIV at the infectious disease control centre of a teaching hospital in Botswana. Thirty adolescents aged 12–19 years who were aware of their HIV status were recruited purposively. Transcribed interviews were analysed using the thematic approach and NVivo data analysis software. Findings. Nonadherence was a problem across age groups and gender. Perceived stigma was a major barrier to ART adherence. The fear of stigma and unintended disclosure were more pronounced in those attending boarding school. The adolescents were not willing to take medication in front of roommates and outside of the home. They opted for hiding and taking medication in privacy which led to missed doses. The heightened fear of being seen collecting ART medication affected keeping appointments for clinic visits. Fear of stigma also influenced the choice of action when there was a clash between school activities, dosing times, and scheduled clinic appointments for ART refill. The home environment was the main facilitator for adherence. Support was the strongest motivator for adolescents to adhere and keep up with clinic visits. On a personal level, the desire to be healthy and live long was a major motivator to adhere. Conclusions. The fear of stigma shaped the adolescents’ adherence behaviour. Perceived stigma affected the time and place to take medication, the visit to the clinic for ART refill, and self-disclosure of HIV status. There is need to encourage adolescents to self-disclose their HIV status to friends since the fear of unintended disclosure fuelled perceived stigma. Planning of clinic appointments should also be consistent with realistic daily activities of adolescents.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Samandari, Taraz, Tefera B. Agizew, Samba Nyirenda, Zegabriel Tedla, Thabisa Sibanda, Nong Shang, Barudi Mosimaneotsile, et al. "6-month versus 36-month isoniazid preventive treatment for tuberculosis in adults with HIV infection in Botswana: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial." Lancet 377, no. 9777 (May 2011): 1588–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60204-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Machine, EM, SL Gillespie, N. Homedes, B. Selwyn, MW Ross, G. Anabwani, G. Schutze, and M. Kline. "P17.21 Failure to engage as key factor of loss to follow-up from care and treatment among hiv-infected children in botswana: a case-control study." Sexually Transmitted Infections 91, Suppl 2 (September 2015): A231.1—A231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.599.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Edupuganti, Srilatha, Nyaradzo M. Mgodi, Shelly Karuna, Philip Andrew, Nidhi Kochar, Kyle Marshall, Allan Decamp, et al. "1272. Feasibility and Successful Enrollment in Proof-of-Concept Trials to Assess Safety and Efficacy of a Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody, VRC01, to Prevent HIV-1 Acquisitionin in Uninfected Individuals." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S457—S458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1135.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Background The Antibody-mediated Prevention (AMP) trials (HVTN 704/HPTN 085 and HVTN 703/HPTN 081) are the first efficacy trials to evaluate whether VRC01, a broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) that targets CD4 binding site of HIV envelope, prevents HIV acquisition in uninfected individuals. In these ongoing trials, 10 intravenous (IV) infusions of VRC01 are given every 8 weeks over a period of 2 years. We report on interim operational feasibility, enrollment and safety. Methods Participant recruitment was enhanced by extensive community engagement and education. Eligible participants were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to 10mg/kg, 30mg/kg of VRC01 or saline placebo. HVTN 704/HPTN 085 enrolled high-risk men (MSM) and transgender (TG) individuals who have sex with men at 26 sites in United States, Peru, Brazil, and Switzerland. HVTN 703/HPTN 081 enrolled high-risk heterosexual women at 20 sites in Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. HIV testing occurs monthly. Results In October 2018, the AMP trials completed enrollment of 4,625 participants. Enrollment met or exceeded targets throughout the trial period, peaked at 298 participants/month, and was slowed mid-trial to allow for sufficient drug supply at trial sites. In HVTN 704/HPTN 085, 2701 (target N = 2700) MSM/TG participants 18–50yrs were enrolled with median age of 28; 99% born male; 90% identified as male gender and 5% TG female. Race/ethnicity was 32% White, 15% Black and 57% Hispanic/Latino/a. 28% had a sexually transmitted infection (STI) including gonorrhea (GC), chlamydia (CT) or syphilis at enrollment. In HVTN 703/HPTN 081,1924 (target N = 1900) women 18–40yrs were enrolled with median age of 26;100% were born female (53% female gender, 47% gender not assessed); 99% were Black. 26% had a STI at enrollment including GC, CT, trichomonas or syphilis. Overall 36,945 infusions have been given so far with no serious procedural complications due to IV administration. Retention and adherence to the rigorous study schedule (monthly visits for 2 years) remain within an acceptable range. Conclusion The AMP trials have exceeded enrollment of target populations and are maintaining high rates of retention. With exceptional safety and operational feasibility, they are paving the way for future large-scale bnAb trials for HIV prevention and/or treatment. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Lawrence, David S., Katlego Tsholo, Agnes Ssali, Zivai Mupambireyi, Graeme Hoddinott, Deborah Nyirenda, David B. Meya, et al. "The Lived Experience Of Participants in an African RandomiseD trial (LEOPARD): protocol for an in-depth qualitative study within a multisite randomised controlled trial for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis." BMJ Open 11, no. 4 (April 2021): e039191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039191.

Full text

Abstract:

IntroductionIndividuals recruited into clinical trials for life-threatening illnesses are particularly vulnerable. This is especially true in low-income settings. The decision to enrol may be influenced by existing inequalities, poor healthcare infrastructure and fear of death. Where patients are confused or unconscious the responsibility for this decision falls to relatives. This qualitative study is nested in the ongoing AMBIsome Therapy Induction OptimisatioN (AMBITION) Trial. AMBITION is recruiting participants from five countries in sub-Saharan Africa and is trialling a novel treatment approach for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis, an infection known to affect brain function. We aim to learn from the experiences of participants, relatives and researchers involved in AMBITION.Methods and analysisWe will collect data through in-depth interviews with trial participants and the next of kin of participants who were confused at enrolment and therefore provided surrogate consent. Data will be collected in Gaborone, Botswana; Kampala, Uganda and Harare, Zimbabwe. Interviews will follow a narrative approach including participatory drawing of participation timelines. This will be supplemented by direct observation of the research process at each of the three recruiting hospitals. Interviews will also take place with researchers from the African and European institutions that form the partnership through which the trial is administered. Interviews will be transcribed verbatim, translated (if necessary) and organised thematically for narrative analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Health Research Development Committee, Gaborone (Reference: HPDME:13/18/1); Makerere School of Health Sciences Institutional Review Board, Kampala (Reference: 2019–061); University of Zimbabwe Joint Research Ethics Committee, Harare (Reference: 219/19), and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (Reference: 17957). Study findings will be shared with research participants from the sites, key stakeholders at each research institution and ministries of health to help inform the development and implementation of future trials. The findings of this study will be published in journals and presented at academic meetings.Trial registrationRegistered at www.clinicaltrials.gov:NCT04296292.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Patel, P., M. Brooks, G. Anabwani, and M. A. Tolle. "Control and non-progression of HIV-1 infection in sub-Saharan Africa: A case and review." Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 13, no. 3 (August 16, 2012): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v13i3.130.

Full text

Abstract:

Elite and viraemic controllers represent unique subsets of HIV-infected patients who may also be long-term non-progressors (LTNPs). LNTPs constitute an estimated 1 - 15% of the total HIV-positive population in the USA and Europe, but less is known about their epidemiology in sub-Saharan Africa. Though the exact mechanisms for long-term non-progression appear to be numerous and are still under investigation, research on elite controllers may hold the key to new therapeutics and vaccine development. The clinical management of such patients can be challenging, as there are no standard guidelines for treatment, particularly in resource-limited settings. We describe the case of an HIV-infected Botswanan man who is likely an elite or viraemic controller.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Dryden-Peterson, Scott, Heluf Medhin, Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, George R. Seage, Gita Suneja, Mukendi K. A. Kayembe, Mompati Mmalane, et al. "Cancer Incidence following Expansion of HIV Treatment in Botswana." PLOS ONE 10, no. 8 (August 12, 2015): e0135602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135602.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Buthu'gwashe, Buthu'gwashe, Zhiyong Li, and Clement Kirui. "Optimizing Predictive Mining Techniques in HIV-Related Opportunistic Infections: Case for Botswana." International Journal of Computer Applications 76, no. 9 (August 23, 2013): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/13272-9943.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Abdel-Magid, Ahmed F. "Treatment of HIV Infections with HIV Integrase Inhibitors." ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters 8, no. 1 (November 23, 2016): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00456.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Dryden-Peterson, Scott, Heluf Medhin, Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, George R. Seage, Gita Suneja, Mukendi K. A. Kayembe, Mompati Mmalane, et al. "Correction: Cancer Incidence following Expansion of HIV Treatment in Botswana." PLOS ONE 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2015): e0138742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138742.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Misra, Supriya, Haitisha T. Mehta, Evan L. Eschliman, Shathani Rampa, Ohemaa B. Poku, Wei-Qian Wang, Ari R. Ho-Foster, et al. "Identifying “What Matters Most” to Men in Botswana to Promote Resistance to HIV-Related Stigma." Qualitative Health Research 31, no. 9 (March 25, 2021): 1680–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10497323211001361.

Full text

Abstract:

Despite a comprehensive national program of free HIV services, men living with HIV in Botswana participate at lower rates and have worse outcomes than women. Directed content analysis of five focus groups ( n = 38) and 50 in-depth interviews with men and women with known and unknown HIV status in Gaborone, Botswana in 2017 used the “what matters most” (WMM) and “structural vulnerability” frameworks to examine how the most valued cultural aspects of manhood interact with HIV-related stigma. WMM for manhood in Botswana included fulfilling male responsibilities by being a capable provider and maintaining social status. Being identified with HIV threatened WMM, which fear of employment discrimination could further exacerbate. Our findings indicate how cultural and structural forces interact to worsen or mitigate HIV-related stigma for urban men in Botswana. These threats to manhood deter HIV testing and treatment, but interventions could capitalize on cultural capabilities for manhood to promote stigma resistance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Gabaitse, Rosinah. "PARTNERS IN CRIME: PENTECOSTALISM AND BOTSWANA HIV/AIDS POLICY ON CROSS-BORDER MIGRANTS." Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 41, no. 1 (July 14, 2015): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/87.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper I seek to interrogate how the theology of some Pentecostal churches, especially the theology that God heals HIV and AIDS, interacts with the situation of cross-border migrants in Botswana. I also seek to discuss the Botswana HIV policy which denies HIV-positive cross-border migrants access to Anti-Retroviral treatment (henceforth ARVs) which has proven to prolong and improve the quality of life of people living with HIV. Conflict exists between Botswana HIV policy on strict adherence to ARVs and some Pentecostal churches’ insistence that members of their churches living with HIV are healed by God, and therefore they should not take ARVs. While the Pentecostal Church is a ‘home away from home’ for migrants, their theology is in constant conflict and clashes with Botswana HIV health policy, even if the reality is that the same policy denies migrants access to HIV services. It is ironic that both the HIV policy and the Pentecostal theology are in pursuit of preserving life; yet, they both deny cross-border migrants that very life.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Okatch, Harriet, Knashawn Morales, Rachel Rogers, Jennifer Chapman, Tafireyi Marukutira, Ontibile Tshume, Mogomotsi Matshaba, Robert Gross, and Elizabeth D. Lowenthal. "Trends in HIV Treatment Adherence Before and After HIV Status Disclosure to Adolescents in Botswana." Journal of Adolescent Health 67, no. 4 (October 2020): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.02.023.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

&NA;. "Treatment strategies for HIV-related opportunistic infections." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1291 (June 2001): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200112910-00001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!