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Relevant bibliographies by topics / HIV infections – Zimbabwe – Bulawayo

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Academic literature on the topic 'HIV infections – Zimbabwe – Bulawayo'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "HIV infections – Zimbabwe – Bulawayo"

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Goverwa-Sibanda, T. P., C. Mupanguri, C. Timire, A. D. Harries, S. Ngwenya, E. Chikwati, C. Mapfuma, F. Mushambi, H. Tweya, and M. Ndlovu. "Hepatitis B infection in people living with HIV who initiate antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe." Public Health Action 10, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.20.0008.

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Setting: There is little information about the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Zimbabwe despite recommendations that tenofovir (TDF) + lamivudine (3TC) is the most effective nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in those with dual infection.Objective: To determine 1) numbers screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg); 2) numbers diagnosed HBsAg-positive along with baseline characteristics; and 3) NRTI backbones used among PLHIV initiating first-line ART at Mpilo Opportunistic Infections Clinic, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, between October 2017 and April 2019.Design: This was a cross-sectional study using routinely collected data.Results: Of the 422 PLHIV initiating first-line ART (median age 34 years, IQR 25–43), 361 (85%) were screened for HBV, with 10% being HBsAg-positive. HBsAg positivity was significantly associated with anaemia (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 2.3, 95%CI 1.1–4.7) and elevated ala-nine transaminase levels (aPR 2.9, 95%CI 1.5–5.8). Of 38 PLHIV who were diagnosed HBsAg-positive, 30 (79%) were started on ART based on tenofovir (TDF) and lamivudine (3TC), seven were given abacavir (ABC) + 3TC-based ART and one was given zido vudine (ZDV) + 3TC-based ART.Conclusion: In PLHIV, HBV screening worked well, the prevalence of HIV-HBV co-infection was high and most patients received appropriate treatment for both conditions. Recommendations to improve screening, diagnosis and treatment of HIV-HBV co-infection are discussed.

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Tsang, Eileen Yuk-ha, Shan Qiao, Jeffrey S. Wilkinson, Annis Lai-chu Fung, Freddy Lipeleke, and Xiaoming Li. "Multilayered Stigma and Vulnerabilities for HIV Infection and Transmission: A Qualitative Study on Male Sex Workers in Zimbabwe." American Journal of Men's Health 13, no. 1 (January 2019): 155798831882388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988318823883.

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Male sex workers are marginalized in most societies due to intersectional stigma between prostitution and homosexuality. In Zimbabwe, a proliferation of male sex workers in major cities such as Harare and Bulawayo has been reported. However, there is a shortage of studies that explore their lives. The current qualitative study aims to describe the practices of sex work, life contexts, and HIV risks and vulnerabilities based on in-depth interviews among 15 male sex workers in Bulawayo. Our studies suggest that the stigma against male sex workers comes from diverse sectors including culture (“homosexuality is un-African, introduced by the Whites”), religion (“same sex is a sin before the God”), law and police (“homosexuality is illegal in Zimbabwe. Engaging in it can send one to prison”), media (“the media is hostile to sex workers particularly men as we are regarded as abnormal and unclean”), and their family (“should they get to know about it, they will disown me”). In this context, male sex workers were excluded from national HIV prevention and treatment programs. They had limited knowledge and many misconceptions about HIV. The stigma and discrimination from health-care providers also discouraged them from health seeking or HIV testing. The non-disclosure to female partners of convenience and sexual relations further increased their vulnerabilities to HIV infection and transmission. Current efforts to address the HIV epidemic should pay attention to male sex workers and tackle the intersecting stigma issues. male sex workers need support and tailored HIV prevention and treatment services to improve their HIV prevention practices, health, and well-being.

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Manyame-Murwira, Barbara, Kudakwashe Collins Takarinda, Pruthu Thekkur, Bright Payera, Herbert Mutunzi, Raiva Simbi, Nicholas Siziba, et al. "Prevalence, risk factors and treatment outcomes of isoniazid resistant TB in Bulawayo city, Zimbabwe: A cohort study." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 14, no. 08 (August 31, 2020): 893–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12319.

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Introduction: The isoniazid-resistant TB poses a threat to TB control efforts. Zimbabwe, one of the high TB burden countries, has not explored the burden of isoniazid resistant TB. Hence among all bacteriologically-confirmed TB patients diagnosed in Bulawayo City during March 2017 and December 2018, we aimed to assess the proportion with isoniazid resistant TB and associated factors. Also, we aimed to describe the TB treatment outcomes. Methodology: A cohort study involving routinely collected data by the National TB Reference Laboratory (NTBRL) in Bulawayo City and National TB programme of Zimbabwe. The percentage with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to express the proportion with isoniazid-resistant TB. The modified Poisson regression was used to assess the association of demographic and clinical characteristics with isoniazid mono-resistant TB. Results: Of 2160 bacteriologically-confirmed TB patients, 1612 (74.6%) had their sputum received at the NTBRL and 743 (46.1%) had culture growth. Among those with culture growth, 34 (4.6%, 95% CI: 3.5-6.7) had isoniazid mono-resistant TB, 25 (3.3%, 95% CI: 2.2-4.9) had MDR-TB. Thus, 59 (7.9%, 95% CI: 6.1-10.1) had isoniazid-resistant TB. Children < 15 years had a higher prevalence of isoniazid mono-resistant TB (aPR= 3.93; 95% CI: 1.24-12.45). Among those with rifampicin sensitive TB, patients with isoniazid-sensitive TB had higher favourable treatment outcomes compared to those with isoniazid-resistant TB (86.3% versus 75.5%, p = 0.039). Conclusions: The prevalence of isoniazid-resistant TB was low compared to neighbouring countries with high burden of TB-HIV. However, Zimbabwe should consider reviewing treatment guidelines for isoniazid mono-resistant TB due to the observed poor treatment outcomes.

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Svodziwa, Mathew, and Faith Kurete. "Cohabitation among Tertiary Education Students: An Exploratory Study in Bulawayo." Human and Social Studies 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hssr-2016-0009.

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Abstract Cohabiting has been associated with a number of problems including sexually transmitted diseases and HIV and AIDS, abortions, sexual abuse and violence, low academic performance, increased cost of medical care and unwanted pregnancies. However, there is little documented information on the extent and the factors influencing cohabitation among the youth and especially among tertiary education students. This study therefore sought to fill this gap by investigating factors that lead to the prevalence and practice of cohabitation by tertiary education students. The research adopted the interpretivist philosophy. The qualitative research methodology was employed in order to understand in greater detail the behaviors, attitudes, opinions, and beliefs of the respondents on cohabitation among tertiary education students. The study used the survey research design. Primary research was conducted using questionnaire surveys that were administered to tertiary education students who participated at the Tertiary Education Sports Association of Zimbabwe in July 2016. There were 100 questionnaires distributed and 78 questionnaires were returned making 78% response rate. The respondents were randomly sampled to participate in the study. The study reflects that cohabitation among the Tertiary education students is quite common. The study noted that it is mostly caused by lack of accommodation, problems with roommates, lack of privacy and the need to be close and intimate with one's lover. In results cohabitation exposes students to premarital sex and other consequences such as unwanted pregnancies, abortion, complications and sexually transmitted infections. The study recommends that tertiary education students should be enlightened during orientations about the dangers of cohabitation. Parents should be encouraged to visit their children and find where and whom they live with while in school.

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Mlilo, Philani, Cowen Dziva, Vuyisile Precious Moyo, Nonhlanhla Lindelwe Ndondo, Zanele Ndlovu, and Nkosinathi Muyambo. "“Growing up and growing old with HIV”: HIV+ adolescents’ experiences of disclosing statuses to romantic partners in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe." African Journal of AIDS Research 19, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2020.1841011.

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Mangombe, Aveneni, Philip Owiti, Bernard Madzima, Sinokuthemba Xaba, Talent M. Makoni, Kudakwashe C. Takarinda, Collins Timire, et al. "Does peer education go beyond giving reproductive health information? Cohort study in Bulawayo and Mount Darwin, Zimbabwe." BMJ Open 10, no. 3 (March 2020): e034436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034436.

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ObjectivePeer education is an intervention within the voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC)–adolescent sexual reproductive health (ASRH) linkages project in Bulawayo and Mount Darwin, Zimbabwe since 2016. Little is known if results extend beyond increasing knowledge. We therefore assessed the extent of and factors affecting referral by peer educators and receipt of HIV testing services (HTS), contraception, management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and VMMC services by young people (10–24 years) counselled.DesignA cohort study involving all young people counselled by 95 peer educators during October–December 2018, through secondary analysis of routinely collected data.SettingAll ASRH and VMMC sites in Mt Darwin and Bulawayo.ParticipantsAll young people counselled by 95 peer educators.Outcome measuresCensor date for assessing receipt of services was 31 January 2019. Factors (clients’ age, gender, marital and schooling status, counselling type, location, and peer educators’ age and gender) affecting non-referral and non-receipt of services (dependent variables) were assessed by log-binomial regression. Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) were calculated.ResultsOf the 3370 counselled (66% men), 65% were referred for at least one service. 58% of men were referred for VMMC. Other services had 5%–13% referrals. Non-referral for HTS decreased with clients’ age (aRR: ~0.9) but was higher among group-counselled (aRR: 1.16). Counselling by men (aRR: 0.77) and rural location (aRR: 0.61) reduced risks of non-referral for VMMC, while age increased it (aRR ≥1.59). Receipt of services was high (64%–80%) except for STI referrals (39%). Group counselling and rural location (aRR: ~0.52) and male peer educators (aRR: 0.76) reduced the risk of non-receipt of VMMC. Rural location increased the risk of non-receipt of contraception (aRR: 3.18) while marriage reduced it (aRR: 0.20).ConclusionWe found varying levels of referral ranging from 5.1% (STIs) to 58.3% (VMMC) but high levels of receipt of services. Type of counselling, peer educators’ gender and location affected receipt of services. We recommend qualitative approaches to further understand reasons for non-referrals and non-receipt of services.

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Bardgett, H. P., M. Dixon, and N. J. Beeching. "Increase in hospital mortality from non-communicable disease and HIV-related conditions in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, between 1992 and 2000." Tropical Doctor 36, no. 3 (July 2006): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/004947506777978217.

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Clark, Thomas S., Gerhard K. Friedrich, Methembe Ndlovu, Torsten B. Neilands, and Willi McFarland. "An Adolescent-targeted HIV Prevention Project Using African Professional Soccer Players as Role Models and Educators in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe." AIDS and Behavior 10, S1 (June 22, 2006): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-006-9140-4.

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Ndondo, H. M., S. Maseko, and S. Ndlovu. "P4.050 “You Can Ignore Us But We Won`T Go Away”: A Qualitative Study to Explore Sexual Experiences and Vulnerability to HIV Infection Among Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex Women in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe." Sexually Transmitted Infections 89, Suppl 1 (July 2013): A304.1—A304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0948.

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Ndlovu, Vinnet, Peter Newman, and Mthokozisi Sidambe. "Prioritisation and Localisation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Challenges and Opportunities for Bulawayo." Journal of Sustainable Development 13, no. 5 (September 29, 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v13n5p104.

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Cities are engines of socio-economic development. This article examines and provides insight into the extent of localisation of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) using the City of Bulawayo (CoB), in Zimbabwe, as the case study. The key question posited is ‘Does Bulawayo demonstrate potential for sustainable development?’. Bulawayo is a strange case study as in the period of the Millennium Development Goals Zimbabwe had a massive increase in death rates from 2000 to 2010 due to the HIV pandemic, political chaos and economic disintegration of that period. Coming out of that period there was little to help cities like Bulawayo grasp the opportunity for an SDG-based development focus. However, after the paper creates a multi-criteria framework from a Systematic Literature Review on the localisation of the SDG agenda, the application to Bulawayo now generates hope. The city is emerging from the collapse of the city’s public transport and water distribution systems, once the envy of and benchmark for many local authorities in the country, and has detailed SDG plans for the future. Bulawayo now serves as a planning model for localisation of sustainable development goals.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "HIV infections – Zimbabwe – Bulawayo"

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Palmiere, Andrew D. "The social and economic impacts of HIV/AIDS on high-density households in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/MQ55167.pdf.

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Rödlach, Alexander. "Blaming "others" for HIV/AIDS in an urban township in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe witchcraft beliefs and conspiracy suspicions /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011345.

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Ndlovu, Vezumuzi. "Reproductive decisions among couples with HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe: a descriptive qualitative study of a sample from Bulawayo." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3856.

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Men and woman of reproductive age are the largest group infected with the human immunodeﬁciency virus (HIV) in Zimbabwe. Over 70% of the reported HIV/AIDS cases in Zimbabwe are among the 20-29 year age group. The purpose of this exploratory study was to explore and describe the impact of being HIV positive on the reproductive and sexual choices or decisions made by HIV positive couples given that in Zimbabwean society it is generally expected that couples, especially married ones, should reproduce. The study explored the context of decision making, the content of decisions made, the process of making those decisions as well as the actors involved in the decision making process. In pursuance of the purpose of the study, the socio-cultural context which determines the value framework within which HIV positive couples live and make their decisions was explored as was the economic as well as the medical context. The study also examined the role of health professionals and the family on the reproductive decisions made by HIV positive couples. The gender based power dynamics within the relationships of the positive couples was also given due attention. Having explored these factors the study found that being HIV positive has both direct and indirect effects on the reproductive and sexual lives of HIV positive couples as well as on the decisions that they make. Several approaches were used to explore the impact of being HIV positive on reproductive decision making and how reproductive decisions and sexual choices were made by HIV positive couples within the context of the Zimbabwean patriarchal society. Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-178).

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Garanganga, Eunice. "Palliative care needs of children suffering from AIDS, Zimbabwe." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2009. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&context=td_cput.

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Gregson, Simon. "The early socio-demographic impact of the HIV-1 epidemic in rural Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4f5fcc5d-cd29-4243-8294-fb3c39d73239.

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Theoretical work indicates that HIV-1 epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa will cause major demographic changes. The current study assesses the extent to which these changes can already be seen in two rural areas of Manicaland, Zimbabwe and investigates the determinants of the epidemic and its demographic impact. The study utilizes demographic survey methods and qualitative sociological techniques. Data analysis is conducted using statistical packages and is guided by insights generated from mathematical models of the epidemiology and demographic impact of HIV-1 infections. HIV-1 prevalence is high in both areas. Among women, HIV-1 infection is associated with age and marital status. Indirect evidence indicates that religion, education, migration and socio-economic characteristics of husband may also be important determinants. Each of these factors influences the pattern of sexual behaviour. Rates of sexual partner change are heterogeneous for women but appear more homogeneous for men. Mixing patterns are disassortative: men form partnerships with women with high and low rates of partner change. Mortality has undergone a recent upturn, almost certainly associated with HIV-1 infections. Adults aged 20-45 years and men, in particular, are most affected at this (early) stage of the epidemic. Religion is an important local determinant of demographic patterns, whose influence on mortality appears to be changing vua its effect on sexual behaviour and the spread of HIV-1. Orphanhood has increased, but, as yet, there is little change in population structure. Fertility has declined since the late 1970s. It is too early in the AIDS epidemic to see an impact of HIV-1 at the population level. However, some signs of behaviour changes which affect the proximate determinants of fertility were detected. These changes may accelerate the decline in birth rates, especially at younger ages. New demographic projections for Zimbabwe are developed, based on observed trends in HIV- 1 infection and fertility, and underlying behaviour patterns. These indicate substantial further increases in mortality, particularly among women and young children, greatly reduced population growth, relative shortages of young children and older adults, and further increases in orphanhood. Families and communities will require support in facing this slowly unfolding disaster.

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Dube, Sabada. "The epidemiology and impact of vertically acquired HIV infections and the effect of PMTCT interventions in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534956.

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Nyemba, Taurai Booth William. "An investigation into the management of HIV/AIDS programmes at the workplace in a highly volatile environment: a case study of selected organisations in Harare, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/177.

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The HIV/AIDS pandemic has had a devastating effect in the world, as it is now rated as the world’s greatest killer since its appearance in the mid 1980s. A UNICEF Report (2005) states that sub Saharan Africa is the hardest hit with countries like Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Namibia and Mozambique having an average of one in every five adults being infected. Sub Saharan Africa has less than 3 percent of the world’s population but it has an estimated 65 percent of the world’s population living with HIV/AIDS as it has 26 million of the 40 million infected people worldwide. In May 2003 the Government of Zimbabwe declared HIV/AIDS a national emergency a move that seems to have yielded results as the HIV prevalence rate has come down from 26.1 percent to 18.6 percent in 2005 and further to 15.6 percent in 2007. The Ministry of Health and Child Welfare (2004) states that if the prevalence had continued at 26.1 percent, about two thirds of today’s 15- year-olds would die from this disease. The deterioration of the political, social and economic situation since 1999 and the withdrawal of donor development support due to policy differences require concerted efforts from all parties concerned, now, rather than later. More commitment must be shown by private and public sector organisations to active participation in the establishing of effective workplace programmes, to assist employees, for the pandemic has placed a heavy strain on the health delivery system, as AIDS patients occupy between 50 percent to 70 percent of all hospital beds. Furthermore, the pandemic is killing the youth at the prime of their working careers so the pandemic, while being a health problem also has a negative macro-economic impact which may lead to a developmental crisis. A study was conducted of six organisations, using two questionnaires, one for management and one for non-management level employees. The study investigates whether the organisations had HIV/AIDS programmes and whether such programmes were effective. The findings were that all six organisations had HIV/AIDS programmes in place. However, some of the programmes were not effective because the employees did not know of their existence. Furthermore, it was found that management initiated awareness programmes and made condoms available but the employees were not changing their risky behaviour.

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Chamuka, Paidashe. "Understanding the sexual practices of medically circumcised males in the context of HIV and AIDS : a study in Harare Zimbabwe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011745.

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Zimbabwe is one of the priority countries nominated by the World Health Organisation and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS to adopt and implement voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) because of its high rate of HIV prevalence and its low level of male circumcision. VMMC, which was introduced in Zimbabwe in 2009, is a new HIV prevention method which reportedly offers partial protection of about 60 percent for circumcised males with respect to contracting HIV through sexual relations. The other key prevention method, namely the use of condoms consistently and correctly, has a protection rate of up to 95 percent. As a result, because of only partial protection, medically-circumcised men are encouraged to use condoms to decrease the chances of HIV infection. Concerns though have been raised about the possibility of risk compensation by circumcised males by way of increases in unsafe or risky sexual practices subsequent to circumcision and arising from perceptions of reduced risk through VMMC. This compensation may take the form of condom use aversion including when involved with concurrent sexual partners. If risk compensation does take place, this would lead to increases in HIV transmissions affecting not only the circumcised men but their sexual partners as well. The supposed effectiveness of VMMC as a HIV prevention method has been subjected to significant criticism and, as yet, no significant study has been undertaken in Zimbabwe on the relationship between VMMC, condom use, concurrent sexual partners and risk compensation. Based on a study of twenty-five medically-circumcised males in Harare, the capital of Zimbabwe, this thesis seeks to understand and explain the relationship between voluntary medical male circumcision and risky sexual practices with particular reference to condom use amongst men engaged in concurrent sexual partnerships. While the thesis finds evidence of risky sexual practices subsequent to circumcision, risk compensation does not seem to be particularly prevalent.

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Chiwara, Tsungai Brenda. "The impact of billboards on HIV and AIDS awareness in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20103.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study was carried out for the purpose of establishing how young working adults perceive the effect of billboards on HIV and AIDS awareness in Zimbabwe. The study sample was taken from the Directorate of Pharmacy Services, a department within the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare of Zimbabwe, located in the capital city of Harare. A representative number of women (40%) out of the 15 participants were interviewed as certain responses were required based on a participants gender. In-depth interviews were carried, the sections covered positioning and appearance of billboards, billboard content and general aspects. 47% of the participants regarded the billboards as well located, 40% felt that there are adequate numbers of billboards, 47% perceived them as attractive and not needing any improvements while 67% described them as well laid out. The language used on them was said to be fine by 73%, and gender-sensitive by only 33% (of which the majority were men). All the women felt that the billboard contents are sensitising the public to HIV and AIDS as well as most of the men (67% participants in total). However all the participants see billboards as not the best method to bring about HIV and AIDS awareness, but would want a multi-media approach so that they compliment other methods. Billboard usage for HIV and AIDS awareness is making a significant impact but there is room for improvement, and many recommendations were derived from this study.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie is onderneem met die doel om te bepaal hoe jong werkende volwassenes die effek van advertensieborde rakende MIV en VIGS-bewustheid in Zimbabwe ondervind. Die studie is onderneem in die Direktoraat vir Apterkersdienste, 'n afdeling binne die Ministerie van Gesondheid en Kinderwelsyn van Zimbabwe, wat in die hoofstad, Harare, geleë is. Daar is onderhoude gevoer met ‘n verteenwoordigende aantal vroue (40%) vanuit die 15 deelnemers, aangesien sekere response benodig was op grond van geslag. In-diepte onderhoude is gevoer en die afdelings het die volgende gedek: posisionering en die voorkoms van advertensieborde, inhoud van advertensieborde sowel as algemene aspekte daar rondom. 47% van die deelnemers het gevoel dat die advertensieborde goed geleë is, 40% het gevoel dat daar voldoende getalle advertensieborde is, 47% het gevoel dat die borde aantreklik is en nie verbeteringe benodig nie, terwyl 67% voel dat hul goed uitgelê is. 73% van die deelnemers het gevoel dat die taal wat op die borde gebruik word goed is. Slegs 33% het gevoel dat die borde geslagsensitief is (waarvan die meerderheid mans was). Al die vroue het gevoel dat die inhoud van die reklameborde die publiek sensitiseer tot MIV en VIGS, so ook meeste van die mans (67%). Al die deelnemers voel dat advertensieborde nie die beste metode is om MIV en VIGS-bewustheid te bring nie, maar stel ‘n multi-media benadering voor om ander metodes te komplimenteer. Die gebruik van advertensieborde het ‘n beduidende impak op MIV en VIGS-bewustheid, maar daar is ruimte vir verbetering en baie aanbevelings is afgelei uit hierdie studie.

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Ndhlovu, Ketiwe. "An investigation of strategies used by Ndebele translators in Zimbabwe in translating HIV/AIDS texts: a corpus-based approach." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/524.

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In Zimbabwe, translation studies is yet to be recognized as a discipline worthy of study in its own right, hence, not much research has been carried out into the theory and practice of translation. Furthermore, there is no tertiary institution that offers professional translation courses. In light of this information most translations are carried out by untrained/partially trained translators with only a few translators who have gained experience over time. The aim of this study was to investigate strategies used by Ndebele translators in the translation of specialized terms and cultural taboos in selected HIV/AIDS texts, as well as factors that can be used to improve the translation situation of Zimbabwe. Three main theoretical approaches were used in a complementary fashion, namely Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS), Cultural Studies and Corpus-based Translation Studies (CTS). DTS provided the researcher with a theory to understand the Ndebele translations in their wider environment; Cultural Studies provided the researcher with the means by which to understand Ndebele culture and taboos; Corpus-based Translation Studies (CTS) provided the researcher with the methodological tools and analytical techniques to analyse the corpus of texts. An English-Ndebele Parallel Corpus (ENPC) was created using fourteen English source texts and their corresponding Ndebele translations. The ENPC was interrogated by means of ParaConc, a parallel concordancing program. The study found that when translating specialised terms, Ndebele translators used strategies such as a general or neutral word, cultural substitution, paraphrasing and omission. The strategy of omission was misused in most cases because Ndebele translators omitted valuable information which did not reach the target readers. With regards to translation strategies that contributed to term creation, it was found that Ndebele translators relied on external as well as internal resources. The translators used strategies such as pure loan words; pure loan words preceeded by an explanation and indigenised loan words. From the Ndebele language itself, the translators resorted to semantic shift, compounding, coinage and paraphrasing, among others. From the ENPC it is clear that Ndebele translators did manage to transfer the message from English to Ndebele to an extent. However, the ENPC has to be used with caution by other researchers since the translations included in the corpus are full of errors such as misinterpretations of the source texts, mistranslations, incorrect terms and incorrect orthography. This factor points to a dire need to establish translation as an academic discipline and profession in Zimbabwe so as to elevate the quality of translations and offer better translation services to all users.

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Books on the topic "HIV infections – Zimbabwe – Bulawayo"

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Meursing, Karla. A world of silence: Living with HIV in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, 1991-1993. [Harare?]: Matabeleland AIDS Council, 1993.

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Whiteside, Alan. HIV infection and AIDS in Zimbabwe: An assessment. Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe: Southern Africa Foundation for Economic Research, 1991.

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Meursing, Karla. Coping with HIV: Lives of HIV-positive people in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe : report of first year follow-up. Bulawayo, Zimbabwe: Matabeleland AIDS Council, 1992.

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National AIDS Council of Zimbabwe. HIV and AIDS research priorities for Zimbabwe: 2010 - 2012. Harare: National Aids Council, 2010.

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National AIDS Council of Zimbabwe. National HIV and AIDS research priorities, 2013-2015: Zimbabwe. Harare, Zimbabwe: National AIDS Council, 2013.

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Sambisa, William. AIDS stigma and uptake of HIV testing in Zimbabwe. Calverton, MD: Macro International, 2008.

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Gregson, Simon. Evidence for HIV decline in Zimbabwe: A comprehensive review of the epidemiological data. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS, 2005.

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Feldman, Rayah. Positive women: Voices and choices--Zimbabwe report. [Harare]: International Community of Women Living with HIV/AIDS, 2002.

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Modernizing medicine in Zimbabwe: HIV/AIDS and traditional healers. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2012.

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Dzimbadzemabwe. Zimbabwe public service HIV and AIDS implementation strategy: 2011-2015. [Harare]: Ministry of Public Service, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "HIV infections – Zimbabwe – Bulawayo"

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Mugurungi, Owen, Simon Gregson, A. D. McNaghten, Sabada Dube, and Nicholas C. Grassly. "HIV in Zimbabwe 1985–2003: Measurement, Trends and Impact." In HIV, Resurgent Infections and Population Change in Africa, 195–213. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6174-5_10.

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Reports on the topic "HIV infections – Zimbabwe – Bulawayo"

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Clarke, Alison, Sherry Hutchinson, and Ellen Weiss. Psychosocial support for children. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv14.1003.

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Abstract:

Masiye Camp in Matopos National Park, and Kids’ Clubs in downtown Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, are examples of a growing number of programs in Africa and elsewhere that focus on the psychological and social needs of AIDS-affected children. Given the traumatic effects of grief, loss, and other hardships faced by these children, there is increasing recognition of the importance of programs to help them strengthen their social and emotional support systems. This Horizons Report describes findings from operations research in Zimbabwe and Rwanda that examines the psychosocial well-being of orphans and vulnerable children and ways to increase their ability to adapt and cope in the face of adversity. In these studies, a person’s psychosocial well-being refers to his/her emotional and mental state and his/her network of human relationships and connections. A total of 1,258 youth were interviewed. All were deemed vulnerable by their communities because they had been affected by HIV/AIDS and/or other factors such as severe poverty.

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