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Journal articles on the topic 'HIV lifecycle'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Meducator, The. "The HIV Lifecycle." Meducator 1, no. 31 (2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/m.v1i31.1865.

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2

Wilflingseder, Doris. "Float on: lipid rafts in the lifecycle of HIV." Frontiers in Bioscience 12, no. 1 (2007): 2124. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/2216.

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Tavassoli, Ali. "Targeting the protein–protein interactions of the HIV lifecycle." Chem. Soc. Rev. 40, no. 3 (2011): 1337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0cs00092b.

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Klingler, Jéromine, Halina Anton, Eléonore Réal, et al. "How HIV-1 Gag Manipulates Its Host Cell Proteins: A Focus on Interactors of the Nucleocapsid Domain." Viruses 12, no. 8 (2020): 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12080888.

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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) polyprotein Gag (Group-specific antigen) plays a central role in controlling the late phase of the viral lifecycle. Considered to be only a scaffolding protein for a long time, the structural protein Gag plays determinate and specific roles in HIV-1 replication. Indeed, via its different domains, Gag orchestrates the specific encapsidation of the genomic RNA, drives the formation of the viral particle by its auto-assembly (multimerization), binds multiple viral proteins, and interacts with a large number of cellular proteins that are needed for its func

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Peate, Ian. "Understanding HIV – A guide for primary care nurses." Practice Nursing 35, no. 10 (2024): 330–37. https://doi.org/10.12968/pnur.2024.35.10.330.

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The treatment and management of patients with HIV and AIDS has made huge progress, with clinicians now often managing the condition alongside coexisting long terms needs and the frailty of old age. This article provides an insight into Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). A brief overview of HIV is offered along with a discussion of the virus, a definition and the basic biology of HIV, its structure and types. The lifecycle of the virus is outlined as well as its impact on the immune system and how HIV affects the body. The importance of HIV testing in early detection and prevention is describe

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Rosas, Scott R., Jeffrey T. Schouten, Dennis Dixon, et al. "Evaluating protocol lifecycle time intervals in HIV/AIDS clinical trials." Clinical Trials: Journal of the Society for Clinical Trials 11, no. 5 (2014): 553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774514540814.

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Price, Amanda, David Jacques, Sebastian Essig, et al. "HIV-1 capsid binds host cofactors to mediate nuclear import." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314098799.

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The capsid (CA) protein of HIV-1, which forms the core of the virus, has been shown to have an increasingly important role in the early stages of the virus lifecycle, in particular during reverse transcription and nuclear import. We recently solved the structure of a fragment of the human cofactor CPSF6 in complex with the N-terminal domain of HIV-1 CA, revealing a previously unknown interface used by the virus to recruit CPSF6, which is required for the virus to successfully complete the early stages of its lifecycle. Using a recently developed hexameric unit of CA, we have solved the structu

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Heredia, Alonso, Nhut Le, Ronald B. Gartenhaus, et al. "Targeting of mTOR catalytic site inhibits multiple steps of the HIV-1 lifecycle and suppresses HIV-1 viremia in humanized mice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 30 (2015): 9412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511144112.

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HIV necessitates host factors for successful completion of its life cycle. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase that forms two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. Rapamycin is an allosteric inhibitor of mTOR that selectively inhibits mTORC1. Rapamycin interferes with viral entry of CCR5 (R5)-tropic HIV and with basal transcription of the HIV LTR, potently inhibiting replication of R5 HIV but not CXCR4 (X4)-tropic HIV in primary cells. The recently developed ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitors (TOR-KIs) inhibit both mTORC1 and mTORC2. Using INK128 as a protot

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Roxby, Alison C., Jennifer A. Unger, Jennifer A. Slyker, et al. "A Lifecycle Approach to HIV Prevention in African Women and Children." Current HIV/AIDS Reports 11, no. 2 (2014): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11904-014-0203-2.

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10

Tavassoli, Ali. "ChemInform Abstract: Targeting the Protein-Protein Interactions of the HIV Lifecycle." ChemInform 42, no. 27 (2011): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201127257.

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11

Laksemi, D. A., L. T. Suwanti, M. Mufasirin, K. Suastika, and M. Sudarmaja. "Opportunistic parasitic infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A review." April-2020 13, no. 4 (2020): 716–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.716-725.

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The number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases increases annually, and Indonesia has become the country with the fastest HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic spread among the five Southeast Asian countries. Indonesia entered the critical phase of HIV/AIDS infections after 5 out of the 33 provinces, namely, Papua, Jakarta, Bali, West Java, and East Java, reported HIV/AIDS epidemic since 2004. In AIDS pathophysiology and immune-suppression are severe, thus, opportunistic intestinal parasitic infections that cause diarrhea in HIV infection may be fatal. Several studies h

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Helmy, Naiera M., and Keykavous Parang. "The Role of Peptides in Combatting HIV Infection: Applications and Insights." Molecules 29, no. 20 (2024): 4951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29204951.

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Peptide-based inhibitors represent a promising approach for the treatment of HIV-1, offering a range of potential advantages, including specificity, low toxicity, and the ability to target various stages of the viral lifecycle. This review outlines the current state of research on peptide-based anti-HIV therapies, highlighting key advancements and identifying future research directions. Over the past few years, there has been significant progress in developing synthetic peptide-based drugs that target various stages of the viral life cycle, including entry and replication. These approaches aim

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Saravanan, R., A. J. Pavithra, K. Akshaya, and C. Arthi. "Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A walk through from its origin to nanotechnology-based treatment." Arashi Journal of Metals & Material Sciences 1, no. 1 (2024): 8–20. https://doi.org/10.54646/jmms.2024.0003.

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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a deadly disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that has no complete cure up to date. Even though there are advancements in treatments, complete elimination of HIV from a patient’s body seems to be a challenge so far. The HIV-infected patients will be in the treatment phase throughout their lifecycle. However, with the recent advancement in nanotechnology, sherds of evidence to obtain a permanent solution for treating AIDS through targeted drug delivery are reported where nanoparticles are employed as drug vehicles/carriers. Nanotechno

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Safakish, Mahdieh, Zahra Hajimahdi, Mohammad R. Aghasadeghi, Rouhollah Vahabpour, and Afshin Zarghi. "Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and Anti-HIV Assay of Novel Quinazolinone Incorporated Coumarin Derivatives." Current HIV Research 18, no. 1 (2020): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162x17666191210105809.

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Background: The emergence of drug-resistant viral strains has created the need for the development of novel anti-HIV agents with a diverse structure that targets key enzymes in the HIV lifecycle. Objective: Considering the pharmacophore of integrase inhibitors, one of the validated targets for anti-HIV therapy, we designed a quinazolinone incorporated coumarin scaffold to affect HIV. Method: Coumarin is a beta enol ester and also a well-known drug scaffold. Designed structures were prepared using a one-pot three-compo Results: In vitro anti-HIV and cytotoxicity assay indicated that more than h

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Nastiti, Chyntia Tresna, Noer Halimatus Syakdiyah, R. M. Firzha Hawari, Youdiil Ophinni, and Ni Luh Ayu Megasari. "The role of heat shock proteins in HIV-1 pathogenesis: a systematic review investigating HSPs-HIV-1 correlations and interactions." PeerJ 12 (September 19, 2024): e18002. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18002.

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Background The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic is a global health emergency. Studies suggest a connection between heat shock proteins (HSPs) and HIV-1 infection pathogenesis. This systematic review aims to summarize HSPs’ role in HIV-1 infection pathogenesis. Materials and Methods A systematic literature search was undertaken across the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE-PubMed), Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, SpringerLink, Sage, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases, using related keywords to synthesize the HSPs’ role in HIV-1 infection pathogenesis. This literature r

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Li, Rui, Rachel Sklutuis, Jennifer L. Groebner, and Fabio Romerio. "HIV-1 Natural Antisense Transcription and Its Role in Viral Persistence." Viruses 13, no. 5 (2021): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13050795.

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Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) represent a class of RNA molecules that are transcribed from the opposite strand of a protein-coding gene, and that have the ability to regulate the expression of their cognate protein-coding gene via multiple mechanisms. NATs have been described in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, as well as in the viruses that infect them. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is no exception, and produces one or more NAT from a promoter within the 3’ long terminal repeat. HIV-1 antisense transcripts have been the focus of several studies spanning over 30 years

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Telenti, Amalio. "Host polymorphism in steps of the HIV-1 lifecycle after entry and other genetic variants influencing HIV-1 pathogenesis." Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 1, no. 3 (2006): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.coh.0000221598.79906.12.

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Delaney, Michael Keegan, Viacheslav Malikov, Qingqing Chai, Guangyuan Zhao, and Mojgan H. Naghavi. "Distinct functions of diaphanous-related formins regulate HIV-1 uncoating and transport." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 33 (2017): E6932—E6941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700247114.

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Diaphanous (Dia)-related formins (DRFs) coordinate cytoskeletal remodeling by controlling actin nucleation and microtubule (MT) stabilization to facilitate processes such as cell polarization and migration; yet the full extent of their activities remains unknown. Here, we uncover two discrete roles and functions of DRFs during early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Independent of their actin regulatory activities, Dia1 and Dia2 facilitated HIV-1–induced MT stabilization and the intracellular motility of virus particles. However, DRFs also bound in vitro assembled capsid–n

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Lebron, Dora. "Sustained Virologic Response Rates of Direct Acting Antivirals in HIV Coinfected Hepatitis C Patients and Its Effect on Liver Fibrosis." International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews 3, no. 2 (2020): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/036.

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Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important cause of chronic hepatitis with necroinflammation and fibrosis resulting in end stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Direct acting antivirals (DAAs) are newer agents that directly interfere with the HCV lifecycle and result in high rates of sustained virologic response (SVR). We evaluated if treatment with DAAs in a real-world setting is as successful in HCV/HIV coinfected patients as it is in HCV monoinfected patients, and if some degree of fibrosis regression can be observed after completion of therapy in both groups. Methods:

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Chang, Hao, Lowela Siarot, Ryosuke Matsuura, et al. "Distinct MCM10 Proteasomal Degradation Profiles by Primate Lentiviruses Vpr Proteins." Viruses 12, no. 1 (2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12010098.

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Viral protein R (Vpr) is an accessory protein found in various primate lentiviruses, including human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) as well as simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). Vpr modulates many processes during viral lifecycle via interaction with several of cellular targets. Previous studies showed that HIV-1 Vpr strengthened degradation of Mini-chromosome Maintenance Protein10 (MCM10) by manipulating DCAF1-Cul4-E3 ligase in proteasome-dependent pathway. However, whether Vpr from other primate lentiviruses are also associated with MCM10 degradation and the ens

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Sorin, Masha, and Ganjam V. Kalpana. "HIV-1 Dynamics in the Host Cell: A Review of Viral- and Host- Protein Interactions and Potential Therapeutic Targets for HIV-1 Infection." Einstein Journal of Biology and Medicine 22, no. 1 (2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23861/ejbm2006227.

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HIV-1, the causative agent of AIDS, is a sophisticated retrovirus that has both evolved to invade the complex human immune system and adapted to utilize the host machinery for its own propagation. A dynamic interaction between the virus and host systems can be observed at every step of the HIV-1 lifecycle. Host factors are involved not only in mounting antiviral responses, but are also hijacked by the virus to enhance viral replication. Host factors are necessary for viral replication during entry, reverse transcription, nuclear import, integration, transcription, nuclear export, translation,

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Hami, Hasan Jasim, Ayam Al Anisi, Elahe Vadayekheiry, Amal F. Al-Gorani, and Jabbar Alrikaby. "The Role of AZT (Azidothymidine) in the Treatment of HIV and AIDS." European Journal of Ecology, Biology and Agriculture 2, no. 3 (2025): 3–15. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejeba.2025.2(3).01.

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AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is one of the threats to global health in the past several years, since the beginning, many study and research groups around the world are looking for effective methods and drugs in the treatment of this virus, currently there are a large number of drugs that have antiviral activity. They have been clinically evaluated. These drugs are divided into several groups based on their biological targets. Azidothymidine (AZT) is one of these drugs and is the first drug synthesized in the treatment of AIDS. In this article, we review the AZT drug in the treatm

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Peramachi Palanivelu. "Human Immunodeficiency Viral Reverse Transcriptases: Analyses of the Active Sites of the Polymerase Domain and Drug-Resistant Mutants of the Reverse Transcriptases." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 3 (2024): 409–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.3.1699.

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It is well-known that human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) cause the chronic, potentially life-threatening condition known as human Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). As the lifecycle of HIVs heavily depends on the crucial enzyme, the reverse transcriptase (RT), it has been used as a potential therapeutic target to treat and control the spread of AIDS. The active site amino acids of the polymerase domain of the RTs and their anti-HIV drug-binding sites are analyzed. The catalytic region of HIV RTs and the E. coli DNA polymerase I showed very similar active site amino acids, suggestin

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Cisneros, William J., Daphne Cornish, and Judd F. Hultquist. "Application of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for HIV Host Factor Discovery and Validation." Pathogens 11, no. 8 (2022): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080891.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) interacts with a wide array of host factors at each stage of its lifecycle to facilitate replication and circumvent the immune response. Identification and characterization of these host factors is critical for elucidating the mechanism of viral replication and for developing next-generation HIV-1 therapeutic and curative strategies. Recent advances in CRISPR-Cas9-based genome engineering approaches have provided researchers with an assortment of new, valuable tools for host factor discovery and interrogation. Genome-wide screening in a variety of in vitro ce

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Tréguier, Yannick, Anne Bull-Maurer, and Philippe Roingeard. "Apolipoprotein E, a Crucial Cellular Protein in the Lifecycle of Hepatitis Viruses." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 7 (2022): 3676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073676.

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Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a multifunctional protein expressed in several tissues, including those of the liver. This lipoprotein component is responsible for maintaining lipid content homeostasis at the plasma and tissue levels by transporting lipids between the liver and peripheral tissues. The ability of ApoE to interact with host-cell surface receptors and its involvement in several cellular pathways raised questions about the hijacking of ApoE by hepatotropic viruses. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was the first hepatitis virus reported to be dependent on ApoE for the completion of its lifecycle

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Zhao, Zixuan, Yinghong Ma, Xiangyuan Li, et al. "Anti-HIV Potential of Beesioside I Derivatives as Maturation Inhibitors: Synthesis, 3D-QSAR, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (2023): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021430.

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HIV-1 maturation is the final step in the retroviral lifecycle that is regulated by the proteolytic cleavage of the Gag precursor protein. As a first-in-class HIV-1 maturation inhibitor (MI), bevirimat blocks virion maturation by disrupting capsid-spacer peptide 1 (CA-SP1) cleavage, which acts as the target of MIs. Previous alterations of beesioside I (1) produced (20S,24S)-15ꞵ,16ꞵ-diacetoxy-18,24; 20,24-diepoxy-9,19-cyclolanostane-3ꞵ,25-diol 3-O-3′,3′-dimethylsuccinate (3, DSC), showing similar anti-HIV potency compared to bevirimat. To ascertain the binding modes of this derivative, further

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Peramachi, Palanivelu. "Human Immunodeficiency Viral Reverse Transcriptases: Analyses of the Active Sites of the Polymerase Domain and Drug-Resistant Mutants of the Reverse Transcriptases." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 3 (2024): 409–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14729419.

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It is well-known that human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) cause the chronic, potentially life-threatening condition known as human Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). As the lifecycle of HIVs heavily depends on the crucial enzyme, the reverse transcriptase (RT), it has been used as a potential therapeutic target to treat and control the spread of AIDS. The active site amino acids of the polymerase domain of the RTs and their anti-HIV drug-binding sites are analyzed. The catalytic region of HIV RTs and the <em>E. coli</em> DNA polymerase I showed very similar active sit

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Marsden, Laura, Heidi Livingstone, and Mandy Tonkinson. "OP16 Learning From Engagement With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Community Organizations In The Health Technology Assessment Lifecycle." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 38, S1 (2022): S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462322000757.

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IntroductionInvolving patients and community organizations in the health technology assessment (HTA) lifecycle is a core principle at the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and helps build public confidence in the healthcare decision-making. From 2019 to2021 NICE assessed a HIV-1 medicine for the first time. This presented new opportunities and challenges for engaging with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) community organizations who hadn’t participated in a NICE HTA before. To understand their experience, we collected feedback on the impact and experience of community i

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Mutambo, Chipo, Kemist Shumba, and Khumbulani W. Hlongwana. "Child-Centred Care in HIV Service Provision for Children in Resource Constrained Settings: A Narrative Review of Literature." AIDS Research and Treatment 2019 (November 26, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5139486.

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Introduction. Child-centred care approaches are increasingly gaining traction in healthcare; and are being applied in the delivery of HIV care for children in resource constrained settings. However, very little is known about their potential benefits. Methods. We synthesised literature from primary and secondary publications exploring the philosophical underpinnings of the concept of child-centred care, and its application to HIV service delivery for children in resource constrained settings. We concluded the review by suggesting a conceptual framework for mainstreaming and integrating child-c

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GOLAZ, VALÉRIE, STEPHEN OJIAMBO WANDERA, and GIDEON RUTAREMWA. "Understanding the vulnerability of older adults: extent of and breaches in support systems in Uganda." Ageing and Society 37, no. 1 (2015): 63–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x15001051.

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ABSTRACTOlder adults’ vulnerability and resilience are a result of processes constructed throughout the lifecycle. In Uganda, older people almost always rely exclusively on their social networks for care and economic support when in need. These support systems are mainly family based, and play a role of safety net for their older members. However, localised in-depth studies have pointed out the limitations of family-based support systems, especially in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This paper uses 83 in-depth interviews conducted in various settings across Uganda with older people and

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Philip Bill Okaka, Olan’g Alfred, Florence Ondieki - Mwaura, and Maurice Sakwa. "Effect of Community Health Support Systems and Technology Obsolescence on Utilization of mHealth Information by Teenagers Living with HIV/AIDS in Island Communities of Lake Victoria, Kenya." International Journal of World Policy and Development Studies, no. 73 (July 11, 2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijwpds.73.45.56.

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The emergence of mHealth as an alternative access point for care and treatment is lauded by development agencies as ingenious innovation for bridging health care access for teenagers living with HIV/AIDS among detached communities like the islands of Lake Victoria. It is also presumed that mHealth transcends beyond teenagers’ concerns with location and unfriendly hours of operation of health facilities. mHealth is alleged to increase privacy and confidentiality, reduce the cost of service delivery, and loops over retrogressive cultural beliefs and attitudes exhibited by health care providers a

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Abdulla, Faruq, Utpal Kumar Adhikari, and M. Kamal Uddin. "Exploring T & B-cell epitopes and designing multi-epitope subunit vaccine targeting integration step of HIV-1 lifecycle using immunoinformatics approach." Microbial Pathogenesis 137 (December 2019): 103791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103791.

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Elliott, Jennifer L., Jenna E. Eschbach, Dana Q. Lawson, et al. "Interaction between HIV-1 integrase and viral RNA drives proper virion morphogenesis and is necessary for successful infection." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (2019): 197.21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.197.21.

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Abstract Recent findings indicate a key role for the HIV-1 integrase (IN) enzyme in proper virion morphogenesis which involves its binding to viral RNA. Mutations within the IN C-terminal domain potently block IN-RNA interactions leading to the generation of non-infectious particles with “eccentric” morphology with the viral genomic RNA mislocalized outside the capsid core. Despite containing all the components necessary for replication, such particles cannot successfully infect target cells. Interestingly, mutations within IN at residues outside the RNA-binding site cause similar defects. To

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Haworth, Kevin G., Lauren E. Schefter, Zachary K. Norgaard, Jennifer E. Adair, and Hans-Peter Kiem. "Comprehensive Integration Site Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus during In Vivo Infections Reveals Genomic Regions of Enrichment and Clonal Expansion." Blood 128, no. 22 (2016): 2518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2518.2518.

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Abstract BACKGROUND A key event in the lifecycle of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is permanent integration into the infected cells genome. In addition to allowing long-term persistence of the virus, this results in a trackable mark carried in all infected cells. Active HIV replication represses cellular pathways, preventing further cell division. This would imply that any specific integration site (IS) which is clonally expanded either during active or repressed viral infection arises from either a dormant/inactive virus, or is perturbing local gene expression, leading to increased cell p

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Rose, Kevin M., Stephanie J. Spada, Rebecca Broeckel та ін. "From Capsids to Complexes: Expanding the Role of TRIM5α in the Restriction of Divergent RNA Viruses and Elements". Viruses 13, № 3 (2021): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13030446.

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An evolutionary arms race has been ongoing between retroviruses and their primate hosts for millions of years. Within the last century, a zoonotic transmission introduced the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1), a retrovirus, to the human population that has claimed the lives of millions of individuals and is still infecting over a million people every year. To counteract retroviruses such as this, primates including humans have evolved an innate immune sensor for the retroviral capsid lattice known as TRIM5α. Although the molecular basis for its ability to restrict retroviruses is debated, i

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Vera, Cristian, and Zulma Vanessa Rueda. "Transmission and Colonization of Pneumocystis jirovecii." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 11 (2021): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7110979.

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Pneumocystis spp. was discovered in 1909 and was classified as a fungus in 1988. The species that infects humans is called P. jirovecii and important characteristics of its genome have recently been discovered. Important advances have been made to understand P. jirovecii, including aspects of its biology, evolution, lifecycle, and pathogenesis; it is now considered that the main route of transmission is airborne and that the infectious form is the asci (cyst), but it is unclear whether there is transmission by direct contact or droplet spread. On the other hand, P. jirovecii has been detected

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Ribeiro, R. M., F. Cardozo, and A. S. Perelson. "Constraints on the dynamics of HIV-1 lifecycle elucidated by treatment with an integrase inhibitor reveal a subset of cells with very slow integration." Journal of Virus Eradication 1 (December 2015): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2055-6640(20)31357-1.

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(CSPS), Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences. "Conference 2014: Promoting Today's Ideas for Tomorrow's Medicine: Pharmaceutical Science to Regulatory Science. An international symposium held jointly by CSPS and CC-CRS, June 10-13, 2014, Montreal, QC, Canada." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 17, no. 3 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j30g62.

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Plenaries and Special Presentations:Supriya Sharma, Acting Associate Assistant Deputy Minister, Health Canada: "Facing Tomorrow's Regulatory Challenges Today"Mick Bhatia, McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI): "Potential Applications of Human Stem Cells in Therapeutics"You Han Bae, University of Utah: "Current Paradigm of Cancer Nanomedicine and its Perspective - A Gap Between Experimental & Clinical Worlds"Laszlo Endrenyi, University of Toronto: CSPS Lifetime Achievement Award - "Sense and Sensibility (?) in Science"Rav Kumar, GlaxoSmithKline: CSPS Award of Leadership

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Sánchez-Ponce, Yessica, and Ezequiel M. Fuentes-Pananá. "The Role of Coinfections in the EBV–Host Broken Equilibrium." Viruses 13, no. 7 (2021): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13071399.

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The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a well-adapted human virus, and its infection is exclusive to our species, generally beginning in the childhood and then persisting throughout the life of most of the affected adults. Although this infection generally remains asymptomatic, EBV can trigger life-threatening conditions under unclear circumstances. The EBV lifecycle is characterized by interactions with other viruses or bacteria, which increases the probability of awakening its pathobiont capacity. For instance, EBV infects B cells with the potential to alter the germinal center reaction (GCR)—an ad

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Krylova, Natalya V., Svetlana P. Ermakova, Vyacheslav F. Lavrov, et al. "The Comparative Analysis of Antiviral Activity of Native and Modified Fucoidans from Brown Algae Fucus evanescens In Vitro and In Vivo." Marine Drugs 18, no. 4 (2020): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18040224.

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The enzymatic depolymerization of fucoidans from brown algae allowed the production of their standardized derivatives with different biological activities. This work aimed to compare the antiviral activities of native (FeF) and modified with enzyme (FeHMP) fucoidans from F. evanescens. The cytotoxicity and antiviral activities of the FeF and FeHMP against herpes viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2), enterovirus (ECHO-1), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in Vero and human MT-4 cell lines were examined by methylthiazolyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assays, respective

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Gentile, Davide, Vincenzo Patamia, Angela Scala, Maria Teresa Sciortino, Anna Piperno, and Antonio Rescifina. "Putative Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease from A Library of Marine Natural Products: A Virtual Screening and Molecular Modeling Study." Marine Drugs 18, no. 4 (2020): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18040225.

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The current emergency due to the worldwide spread of the COVID-19 caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a great concern for global public health. Already in the past, the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012 demonstrates the potential of coronaviruses to cross-species borders and further underlines the importance of identifying new-targeted drugs. An ideal antiviral agent should target essential proteins involved in the lifecycle of SARS-CoV. Currently, some HIV protease i

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Tapela, Neo M., Tharcisse Mpunga, Nadine Karema, et al. "Implementation Science for Global Oncology: The Imperative to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Cancer Care Delivery." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 1 (2016): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.61.7738.

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Purpose The development of cancer care treatment facilities in resource-constrained settings represents a challenge for many reasons. Implementation science—the assessment of how services are set up and delivered; contextual factors that affect delivery, treatment safety, toxicity, and efficacy; and where adaptations are needed—is essential if we are to understand the performance of a treatment program, know where the gaps in care exist, and design interventions in care delivery models to improve outcomes for patients. Methods The field of implementation science in relation to cancer care deli

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Sharp, Alana R., Ngqabutho Mpofu, Elise Lankiewicz, et al. "Facilitators and barriers to community-led monitoring of health programs: Qualitative evidence from the global implementation landscape." PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 6 (2024): e0003293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003293.

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Achieving the global HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria targets will require innovative strategies to deliver high quality and person-centered health services. Community-led monitoring (CLM) is a rapidly proliferating health systems strengthening intervention for improving healthcare services and documenting human rights violations, through social empowerment and political accountability. Driven in part by increasing financial support from donors, a growing number of countries are implementing CLM programs. This study aimed to identify early challenges and lessons learned from CLM implementation,

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Sari, Uswatun Hasanah Purnama, Apik Indarty Moedjiono, and Nadjib M. Bustan. "Dating Behavior and Age at First Time having Premarital Sexual Intercourse on Young Men in Indonesia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, T2 (2020): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5205.

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BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a period of growth and development that occurs dynamically and rapidly both physically, psychologically, intellectually, socially, and sexual behavior that is associated with the onset of puberty. Health problems in adolescence are one of the important problems in the lifecycle. One of the health problems of adolescents today is sexual conduct before marriage. This behavior is a sexual behavior that is very risky to cause unwanted pregnancy problems, and risks causing various diseases such as sexually transmitted diseases, and even HIV/AIDS. AIM: The aim of the

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Khan, Iman Waheed, Mati Ullah Dad Ullah, Mina Choudhry, et al. "Novel Therapies of Hepatitis B and D." Microorganisms 9, no. 12 (2021): 2607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122607.

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health issue and is a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis D virus (HDV) requires the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to replicate. The eradication of HBV, therefore, can also cure HDV. The current therapies for chronic hepatitis B and D are suboptimal and cannot definitely cure the viruses. In order to achieve functional or complete cure of these infections, novel therapeutic agents that target the various sites of the viral replicative cycle are necessary. Furthermore, novel immunomodulatory agents are

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Lee, Grace Sanghee, Michael A. Purdy, and Youkyung Choi. "Cell Culture Systems for Studying Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D Virus Infections." Life 13, no. 7 (2023): 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13071527.

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The hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) infections cause liver disease, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV infection remains a major global health problem. In 2019, 296 million people were living with chronic hepatitis B and about 5% of them were co-infected with HDV. In vitro cell culture systems are instrumental in the development of therapeutic targets. Cell culture systems contribute to identifying molecular mechanisms for HBV and HDV propagation, finding drug targets for antiviral therapies, and testing antiviral agents. Current HBV the

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Rashid, Shafayat, and Emanuele Pagone. "Cradle-to-Grave Lifecycle Environmental Assessment of Hybrid Electric Vehicles." Sustainability 15, no. 14 (2023): 11027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151411027.

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Demand for sustainable transportation with a reduced environmental impact has led to the widespread adoption of electrified powertrains. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) produce lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the use phase of their lifecycle, compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). However, a full understanding of their total environmental impact, from resource extraction to end-of-life (EOL), of a contemporary, real-world HEV and PHEV remains broadly elusive in the scientific literature. In this work, for t

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Zhu, Yan, Jie Wu, and Oleg Gaidai. "The Technology Innovation of Hybrid Electric Vehicles: A Patent-Based Study." World Electric Vehicle Journal 15, no. 8 (2024): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj15080329.

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A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a relatively practical technology that has emerged as electric vehicle technology has gradually matured. The analysis of the HEV patent lifecycle is crucial for understanding its impact on the development of this technology. This lifecycle tracks the progress of HEV technologies from their inception and patenting, through their market adoption, and to the expiration of their patent protection. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the technology lifecycle of the HEV industry using the growth S-curve method. The purpose of this study is to describe the technolog

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Vogt, Amelie, Sabrina Wohlfart, Stephan Urban, and Walter Mier. "Medical Advances in Hepatitis D Therapy: Molecular Targets." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (2022): 10817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810817.

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An approximate number of 250 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus, making them susceptible to a coinfection with hepatitis D virus. The superinfection causes the most severe form of a viral hepatitis and thus drastically worsens the course of the disease. Until recently, the only available therapy consisted of interferon-α, only eligible for a minority of patients. In July 2020, the EMA granted Hepcludex conditional marketing authorization throughout the European Union. This first-in-class entry inhibitor offers the promise to prevent the spread in order to

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Wilson, Garrick K., and Zania Stamataki. "In Vitro Systems for the Study of Hepatitis C Virus Infection." International Journal of Hepatology 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/292591.

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The study of a virus is made possible by the availability of culture systems in which the viral lifecycle can be realized. Such systems support robust virus entry, replication, assembly, and secretion of nascent virions. Furthermore, culture models provide a platform in which therapeutic interventions can be devised or monitored. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a restricted tropism to human and chimpanzees; thus investigations of HCV biology have been hindered for many years due to a lack of small animal models. Nevertheless, significant efforts have been directed at developing cell culture models

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