Relevant bibliographies by topics / HIV-positive childrenr

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'HIV-positive childrenr'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "HIV-positive childrenr"

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Patil, Arundhati, and Keerti Deep. "Opportunistic Infections among HIV Positive Children." Indian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Pediatrics 8, no. 2 (2016): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijtep.2348.9987.8216.6.

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&NA;. "IMMUNIZING HIV-POSITIVE CHILDREN." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 88, no. 10 (October 1988): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-198810000-00005.

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Dias, Bina F., and Aparna Dilip Nimkar. "Effect of medical nutrition therapy on vitamin C and malondialdehyde in HIV positive malnourished children." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 11 (October 27, 2017): 4822. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20174927.

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Background: The objective is to assess the effect of medical nutrition therapy on biochemical parameters like Vitamin C and Malondialdehyde by estimating oxidative stress in HIV positive malnourished childrens’ sample. Any alteration in the antioxidant markers can help to assess the effectiveness of MNT as a therapeutic agent. There is limited data on the use of Ready to Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) in India. Therefore, the study was conducted to determine the effect of prepared Ready to Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF) also termed as Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) in HIV positive malnourished children.Methods: In this prospective comparative study, pre MNT and post MNT sample as well as the parameters-Malondialdehyde and Vitamin C were analyzed in 19 HIV positive malnourished children in the age group of 6-12 years at L.T.M.M. College. HIV positive malnourished children showed adverse effects on nutrition as well as immune system. Thus, to supply adequate micronutrients and macronutrients, the subjects were treated with Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT).Results: The post MNT HIV positive malnourished childrens’ samples revealed significant results than pre MNT HIV positive malnourished childrens’ samples.Conclusions: The level of antioxidant marker (vitamin C) increased and peroxidation marker (MDA) decreased post medical nutrition therapy. The increased post levels of vitamin C activity helped in the eradication of excess free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress and hence the oxidative damage to cells as well as inhibiting lipid peroxidation (which is indicated by decreased post level MDA).
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Makworo, Drusilla, and Theresa Odero. "Caring for HIV-positive children: healthcare providers' pre-and post-disclosure experiences in Nairobi, Kenya." African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 13, no. 3 (July 2, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ajmw.2018.0022.

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Background The number of children living with HIV has increased worldwide, largely due to improvements in antiretroviral therapy. Most of these children are living in sub-Saharan Africa. The rate of disclosure to children of their HIV-positive status is low in low-resource countries compared to high-resource countries. Aim To explore health professionals' experiences of caring for HIV-positive children before and after their HIV-positive status was disclosed to them. The health professionals included nurses, counsellors, nutritionists, social workers, pharmacists and clinicians with at least 1 year of experience at the paediatric section of the comprehensive care centre. Methods Nine health professionals were interviewed. Findings Results revealed that there were more challenges before disclosure than after. The main challenge was communicating with the children. The children's main concerns before disclosures included the reason for treatment and its duration, and clinic follow-up. Conclusions Health professionals should be trained on the benefits of HIV disclosure to children, in order to allow for open and direct communication between healthcare providers, parents/carers and children.
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Srinivas, Aruna, and Bina F. Dias. "Antioxidants in HIV positive children." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 75, no. 4 (April 2008): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-008-0036-3.

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Fraga-Sousa, Grazielle Aurelina, Maria Clara Rangel Rodrigues, Marjorie Graziolli Pereira, Tatiana Santos Arruda, and Regina Célia Turolla de Souza. "Motor performance of HIV-positive children." Fisioterapia em Movimento 29, no. 1 (March 2016): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-5150.029.001.ao06.

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Abstract Introduction: Evidence indicates that HIV-positive children have a lower motor performance compared to uninfected children. The analysis of the factors that determine these changes is very important for the implementation of rehabilitation strategies. Objective: To analyze the motor development of seropositive children and compare it to the performance of healthy children with normal neuropsycomotor development. Materials and Methods: Eight children were evaluated, aged between four and six years, divided into two groups: Group I (n = 4) composed of HIV-positive children without any secondary disease and Group II (n = 4) composed of healthy children, matched to Group I by sex and age. The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-2) for gross motor function and fine motor function were used to evaluate motor performance. Results: In both groups, most of the children presented an average or above average motor performance, according to normal data of PDMS-2. The analysis indicated no inter-group differences in the gross scores (p > 0,05, Mann-Whitney test) or motor quotients (p> 0.05, Mann-Whitney test). However, intra-group analysis indicated a marginally significant difference between motor quotients (p = 0,07, Wilcoxon test), with higher fine motor quotient in both groups. Conclusion: The data suggest no significant difference between the motor performance of HIV-positive children and healthy children. These results contribute to the analysis of motor development of HIV-positive children, raising questions about factors that may influence the motor development of these children.
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Dias, Bina F., and Aruna Srinivas. "Oxidative stress in HIV positive children." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 4 (March 28, 2017): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20171268.

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Background: The objective is to assess oxidative stress by measuring the concentration of malondialdehyde in HIV positive children and compare it with normal children (not suffering from any disease) of the same age group.Methods: In this prospective comparative study, we analysed malondialdehyde in 80 HIV positive children in the age group of 6-12 yrs from lower socio-economic strata and compared the values with 85 normal children not infected by any disease, of the same age group and similar socio-economic strata at L.T.M.M. College. Estimation of Malondialdehyde was carried out by using the method of SADASIVUDU by thiobarbituric acid reaction.Results: The level of Malondialdehyde was significantly higher in HIV positive children than in controls.Conclusions: The increased levels of Malondialdehyde confirm the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of this infection in children
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Bapat, Swati M. "Clinical profile of HIV positive children." International Journal of Biomedical Research 9, no. 3 (April 1, 2018): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijbr.v9i3.4723.

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Backgrounds: HIV infection has become a pandemic affecting both industrialized and developing countries. The increase in pediatric HIV infection has had a substantial impact on childhood mortality both in industrialized countries and developing countries. The present research was carried out to study the clinical profile of pediatric patients admitted with HIV infection.Method: Total 55 cases of aged 1 month to 12 years, detected to be HIV-positive (on triple ELISA test) were enrolled in the study. HIV status of patients 18 months of age was confirmed by DNA-PCR testing. The demographic data of the patients, clinical features, investigations and outcome were recorded.Results: The majority [34 (61.81%)] of cases were in below 5 years of age with male predominant 38 (69.09%). The predominant route of transmission of HIV to the child was by perinatal transmission [51 (92.72%)] while four cases (7.27%) were infected via blood transfusion. Clinical features at presentation in 49 symptomatic cases included protein-energy malnutrition (89.79%), fever ˃1 month (55.10%), weight loss ˃1 month (51.02%), persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (22.44%) and skin manifestations (75.51%). The gastrointestinal (61.22%) and respiratory (57.14%) were the most commonly involved organ systems. Opportunistic infections were tuberculosis (21 cases), candidiasis (8 cases), Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (3 cases), herpes zoster (4 cases) and giardiasis (1case). The mortality of the study was 9.09%.Conclusions: Perinatal transmission is the most common mode of acquiring HIV in the pediatric age group. Most patients have protein-energy malnutrition. Tuberculosis should be regarded as the indicator disease for HIV infection in children.
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Gallottini Magalhães, Marina, Daniela Franco Bueno, Edna Serra, and Rhoner Gonçalves. "Oral manifestations of HIV positive children." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 25, no. 2 (January 1, 2002): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.25.2.f01k062j7315660v.

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Oral manifestations in HIV positive children were observed in thirty-eight HIV infected children that have received care at the Special Care Dentistry Center (SCDC) of the School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo. Results have shown that 52.63% of the children presented at least one oral manifestation related with HIV/AIDS. Angular cheilitis occurred in 28.94%, parotid gland bilateral enlargement, pseudomembranous candidiasis and erythematous candidiais in 18.42%, conventional gingivitis in 13.15%, herpes simplex in 5.26%, hairy leukoplakia, recurrent aphtous ulcer and condyloma acuminatum in 2.63%. Although enamel hypoplasia occurred in 23.68%, this could not be attributed specifically to HIV infection.
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McCulloch, Mignon I., and Patricio E. Ray. "Kidney Disease in HIV-Positive Children." Seminars in Nephrology 28, no. 6 (November 2008): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2008.09.001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "HIV-positive childrenr"

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Mc, Guire Jessica Kate. "Radiological differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative children with cholesteatoma." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27435.

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Introduction: HIV-positive children are possibly more prone to developing cholesteatoma. Chronic inflammation of the middle ear cleft may be more common in patients with HIV and this may predispose HIV-positive children to developing cholesteatoma. There are no studies that describe the radiological morphology of the middle ear cleft in HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative children with cholesteatoma. Aim: Compare the radiological differences of the middle ear cleft in HIV-positive and HIV-negative children with cholesteatoma. Method A retrospective, cross-sectional, observational analytical review of patients with cholesteatoma at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital over a 6 year period. Results: Forty patients were included in the study, 11 of whom had bilateral cholesteatoma and therefore 51 ears were eligible for our evaluation. HIV-positive patients had smaller (p=0.02) mastoid air cell systems (MACS). Forty percent of HIV-positive patients had sclerotic mastoids, whereas the rate was 3% in HIV-negative ears (p<0.02). Eighty-two percent of the HIV-positive patients had bilateral cholesteatoma compared to 7% of the control group (p<0.02). There was no difference between the 2 groups with regards to aeration of the middle ear cleft, bony erosion of middle ear structures, Eustachian tube obstruction or soft tissue occlusion of the post-nasal space. Conclusion: HIV-positive paediatric patients with cholesteatoma are more likely to have smaller, sclerotic mastoids compared to HIV-negative patients. They are significantly more likely to have bilateral cholesteatoma. This may have implications in terms of surveillance of HIV-positive children, as well as, an approach to management, recurrence and follow-up. HIV infection should be flagged as a risk factor for developing cholesteatoma.
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Kanyemba, Patricia. "An investigation into the challenges faced by children as victims of HIV/AIDS with reference to the Nyandeni area in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Walter Sisulu University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11260/d1007756.

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The aim of the study was to delineate, discuss and analyze major challenges that affect children between the ages of 13 and 18 in the Nyandeni area due to HIV/AIDS. This exploratory study was also performed to identify the categories of children made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS. One of the objectives was to provide a descriptive and analytical interpretation of the day to day experiences of children affected by HIV/AIDS. In shaping the sample size, 50 respondents were selected from three wards (2, 3 and 16) of the Nyandeni Local Municipality in the Nyandeni area in the Eastern Cape.The researcher made use of the interview technique to collect data from the respondents. In analysing data, the researcher made use of the quantitative and qualitative measures.The outcome of the study points out that HIV/AIDS is the major threat to children and that there is a significant increase in number of child headed families as a result of HIV/AIDS.
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Williams, Margaret. "A chronic care coordination model for HIV-positive children requiring antiretroviral therapy." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020346.

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The human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immune deficiency syndrome pandemic (HIV/AIDS) continues to increase in prevalence worldwide, particularly in South Africa. There is a concurrent and distinct increase in the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and HIV-related diseases in the paediatric population in South Africa, particularly those using public sector health services, with a corresponding increase in morbidity and mortality rates (Abdool Karim & Abdool Karim, 2010:363), which impacts greatly on paediatric healthcare services. Adding to this, the provision of paediatric antiretroviral care has numerous stumbling blocks, not least of which is lack of decentralisation of facilities to provide treatment. There is the additional shortage of staff, which includes staff that are comfortable dealing with children, lack of training programmes on the provision of antiretroviral therapy to children, and minimal on-site mentorship of staff regarding HIV/AIDS disease in children. This lack of capacity in the healthcare system means that not all of those who require treatment will be able to access it, and this is particularly pertinent to paediatric patients (Meyers et al., 2007:198). Therefore the purpose of this research was to develop a nursing model that would assist healthcare professionals, in particular professional nurses, to optimise the comprehensive treatment, care and support for HIV-positive children who require antiretroviral therapy at PHC clinics. To achieve the purpose of this study, a theory-generating design based on a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual approach was implemented by the researcher to gain an understanding of how the healthcare professionals and parents/caregivers of HIV-positive children experienced the comprehensive treatment, care and support provided at primary healthcare clinics. The information obtained was used to develop a chronic care coordination model for the optimisation of comprehensive treatment, care and support for HIV-positive children requiring antiretroviral therapy. The study design comprised the following four steps: Step One of the research design focused on the identification, classification and definition of the major concepts of the study. This involved describing and selecting the research population and the sampling process prior to conducting the field work which comprised in-depth interviews with two groups of participants, namely healthcare professionals and parents/caregivers who accompany their HIV-positive children to PHC clinics in order to receive antiretroviral therapy. Step Two of the research design focused on the development of relationship statements in order to bring clarity and direction to the understanding of the phenomenon of interest. Step Three of the design concentrated on the development and description of the chronic care coordination model for optimising comprehensive treatment, care and support for HIV-positive children who require antiretroviral therapy in order to ensure a well-managed child on ART. A visual representation of the structure of the model for chronic care coordination was given and described as well as a detailed description of the process of the model. Step Four was the last step of the research design and its focus was the development of guidelines for the operationalisation of the model for chronic care coordination for the optimisation of comprehensive treatment, care and support for HIV-positive children requiring antiretroviral therapy at PHC clinics. Guidelines and operational implications for each of the five sequential steps of the model were developed. The evaluation criteria of Chinn & Kramer (2008:237‒248) were used to evaluate the model. It is therefore concluded that the researcher succeeded in achieving the purpose for this study because a chronic care coordination model that is understandable, clear, simple, applicable and significant to nursing practice has been developed for use by healthcare professionals, particularly professional nurses, in order to optimise the comprehensive treatment, care and support for HIV-positive children requiring antiretroviral therapy at primary healthcare clinics.
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Denis, Marie F. "Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-positive and HIV-negative children in Haiti : a hospital-based Investigation." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001404.

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Jones, Stephanie. "Assessment of health related quality of life in HIV positive children." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8657.

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Includes bibliographical references.
Background: Quality of life is an important concept because it is the essence of health as defined by the WHO. Pain and other distressing symptoms affect children's quality of life. There is very little published information on pain in children with HIV infection, its prevalence or its affect on their quality of life. This study will add to a growing body of literature on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), but more specifically address these issues in a South African context of HlV/AIDS in children. Such data is currently not available. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study with an analytic component was performed on a convenience sample of 30 caregivers who attended the Paediatric HIV Clinic at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg. All data was collected by a single investigator over a 4 month period. An established, multidimensional health related quality of life assessment tool (The PedsQL(TM) 4.0) designed for children, was used to measure HRQOL. Results: Mean HRQOL scores were evaluated as well as those for physical and psychosocial health. Scores resembled those of children with other chronic diseases. Disease progression affected the scores with lower values for those children with advanced disease. Where no disclosure of HIV status occurred scores were lower for all dimensions. The prevalence of pain in HIV-affected children was 83%. Caregivers reported 55 individual pains in 12 different regions of the body. On average each patient had 2.3 pain sites. Parents often had difficulty describing the nature of the children's pain. Moderate to severe pain was associated with decreased HRQL scores. Discussion: This study is the first to examine pain and HRQOL in HIV-infected children in South Africa. As the nature of HIV changes to a chronic disease with the availability of antiretroviral treatment, HRQOL will become more important as a medical outcome measure. The PedsQL inventory is brief, easy to understand and takes only about 10 minutes to complete. This makes it an ideal tool for a busy clinic setting. Comprehensive, multidisciplinary health services will be required to minimize long-term illness and disability and to maximize children's potential as they move into adolescence and adulthood. The small study number leant itself to a descriptive study of exploratory nature. A follow up study which includes children's self report in their first language would be valuable.
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Popov, Diana Dimitra. "HIV Positive Foster Children in Medical Research: Ethics of Disclosure and Assent." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1672.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2008.
Title from screen (viewed on June 2, 2009). Department of Philosophy, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Richard B. Gunderman. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-40).
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Ahmed, Aabid Abdulmajid. "The Impact of Palliative Care on Health Status in HIV-Positive Children." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3271.

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HIV-positive children in sub-Saharan Africa have numerous challenges to overcome. These challenges increase psychosocial stress as well as symptom burden including fatigue, weight loss, pain, and mental changes. The symptoms may persist even after initiation of antiretroviral therapy, so such children need additional care. Palliative care lays emphasis on holistic patient-centered care, including physical, psychological, social, and spiritual symptoms, alongside antiretroviral therapy. There is limited data on the impact of integrating palliative care with standard HIV care and treatment in children. The purpose of this study was to fill the gap in the literature by investigating the impact of palliative care on health status in HIV-positive children on antiretroviral therapy. The theoretical framework was based on the humanistic nursing theory. Using the Mann Whitney U and logistic regression tests, the health-related quality of life of 97 children who received palliative care in addition to standard HIV care was compared to 180 HIV-positive children who received standard HIV care only through chart reviews. According to study results, children receiving palliative care alongside antiretroviral therapy have better physical and psychosocial health compared to children receiving only antiretroviral therapy. Increasing age was a contributing factor to better psychosocial and physical health in patients receiving palliative care. Emotional, social, and school functioning are important factors that determine treatment outcomes in children on antiretroviral therapy, and addressing those factors through palliative care will create a positive social change by improving treatment outcomes, quality of life, and longevity.
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Rieser, Anna, and Maria Nilsson. "Children of our time - How two nongovernmental organizations mobilize their work regarding orphaned HIV positive children." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-1286.

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The purpose of this study is to compare how two non-governmental organizations (NGO‟ s) with different backgrounds and value systems can function when it comes to mobilization of work with orphaned HIV positive children The ambition with the study has been to find out whether the value bases reflect how the organizations view HIV/AIDS and work with children, and how they thereby mobilize the daily practical work with and around the children. This study is of descriptive characteristic with a qualitative approach in which six interviews has been carried out at two different organizations, and in which the format of the interview questions have been semi structured. The overall result of the study shows that the differences in backgrounds and value systems do not considerably affect the respective organizations‟ mobilization and work with HIV positive children. Also, the results show that there are certain common themes and strategies for the organizations‟ mobilization work. The difference that has been discerned is that the organization that is secular on paper criticizes the South African government more strongly than the organization with a pronounced Catholic value basis. With the help of the theory of social mobilization, we have shown how the organizations mobilize their work with HIV positive children. We show how the two organizations cooperate with various parties and engage in different networks with the aim of strengthening the children and their next of kin. An important aspect from the results is how two non-governmental organizations can contribute with valuable knowledge, and engage people in the work with e.g. preventing the spread on the devastating HIV/AIDS pandemic in South Africa.
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Peletz, Rachel L. "Safe drinking water for households with young children born to HIV-positive mothers." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558375.

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Behardien, Nashreen. "Oral mucosal and facial manifestations of HIV/AIDS in children (Cape Peninsula, South Africa)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Currently, HIV/AIDS is one of the greatest threats to child survival in South Africa. It is estimated that approximately 6000 newborn babies become infected with the HIV virus monthly i.e. approximately 200 babies per day. During a 24 month period (October 1999 &ndash
October 2001), a descriptive prevalence study of the oro-facial manifestations affecting HIV-positive children was conducted in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. The study population consisted of 268 vertically infected HIV-positive children. The study was motivated by the lack of data regarding oral mucosal lesions in children with vertically acquired HIV-infection.

The study design was descriptive, and the population included consecutive, vertically infected HIV-positive patients sourced from out-patient clinics, hospital wards and special child-care facilities. The children were examined once consent was obtained from caregivers. The findings were documented using data capturing sheets. The data was captured on the Microsoft Excel program and analysed using the Epi 2000 program. The results indicated that a large proportion of HIV-infected children presented with orofacial manifestations at some stage during the course of HIV-infection. Oro-facial manifestations were observed in 70.1% of the study population. The prevalence of the most commonly observed manifestations were: oral candidiasis, 38.8%
parotid gland enlargement, 10.8%
oral ulceration, 5.6%
molluscum contagiosum, 7.8%
periodontal conditions, 3.4%
and herpes simplex infection, 0.7%.It can be concluded that in this sample of HIV-infected children, the prevalence of orofacial manifestations is higher than, and comparable with the findings of similar studies conducted in other regions of the world.
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Books on the topic "HIV-positive childrenr"

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Bhavani, Y. G. Staying alive. Edited by Panos Institute India and Save the Children Fund (Great Britain). New Delhi: Panos Institute, India, 2003.

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Council, Human Sciences Research, United States. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.), eds. South African national HIV prevalence, incidence and behaviour survey, 2012. Cape Town, South Africa: HSRC Press, 2014.

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(Organization), ACTIONAID-Kenya. Extent and impact of HIV and AIDS related stigma and discrimination on women and children. Nairobi, Kenya: ActionAid International Kenya, 2010.

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Family Health International (Organization). India Country Office. Protocol for child counseling on HIV testing, disclosure, and support. New Delhi: Family Health International, India Country Office, 2007.

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Révoltes extraordinaires: Un enfant du sida autour du monde. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2011.

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Adair, Tim. Desire for children and unmet need for contraception among HIV-positive women in Lesotho. Calverton, MD: Macro International, 2007.

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Alliance, India HIV/AIDS. Stories of significance: Understanding change through community voices and articulations. New Delhi: India HIV/AIDS Alliance, 2010.

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Bhatia, Neeru. Barriers to sustainable access of children and families to ART centres in urban India: A report on operations research conducted in Maharashtra and Manipur. New Delhi: India HIV/AIDS Alliance, 2009.

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Education, Botswana Ministry of. The voice of the HIV infected and affected school age children in Botswana: A cross-sectional psychosocial survey : final report/study conducted by the Botswana-Baylor Children's Clinical Centre of Excellence for the Ministry of Education and Skills Development, Botswana. Gaborone: Ministry of Education and Skills Development, 2011.

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Abadia-Barrero, César. Derechos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes afectados por el VIH SIDA en Colombia: Estudio de casos en Cúcuta, Pereira y Villavicencio. Bogotá, Colombia: UNICEF, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "HIV-positive childrenr"

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Tsarenko, Yelena, and Rudolf Conradie. "Supporting Children of HIV-Positive Parents." In Looking Forward, Looking Back: Drawing on the Past to Shape the Future of Marketing, 348–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24184-5_91.

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Midtbø, Vivian, and Marguerite Daniel. "Disclosure as a Positive Resource: The Lived Experiences of HIV-Positive Adolescents in Botswana." In Children and Young People Living with HIV/AIDS, 321–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29936-5_17.

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Singh, Radhika. "Care and Management of a Neonate Born to an HIV Positive Mother." In HIV Infection in Children and Adolescents, 203–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35433-6_16.

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Miller, Paul, and Stephen Wallder. "Protecting HIV-Positive Children in Jamaica: Exploring Policy, Practice and Institutional Responses." In Children and Young People Living with HIV/AIDS, 273–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29936-5_14.

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Islam, Md Shahidul, John Scott, and Victor Minichiello. "Children’s Experiences of Living with HIV-Positive Parents Within the Family Context of Bangladesh." In Children and Young People Living with HIV/AIDS, 43–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29936-5_3.

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Skovdal, Morten, Catherine Campbell, Zivai Mupambireyi, Laura Robertson, Constance Nyamukapa, and Simon Gregson. "Unpacking ‘OVC’: Locally Perceived Differences Between Orphaned, HIV-Positive and AIDS-Affected Children in Zimbabwe." In Children and Young People Living with HIV/AIDS, 23–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29936-5_2.

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Li, Haochu, Joseph T. F. Lau, Eleanor Holroyd, and Xiaoming Li. "Mental Health Problems and Associated Socio-Ecological Factors Among HIV-Positive Young Migrant Men Who Have Sex with Men in China." In Children and Young People Living with HIV/AIDS, 223–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29936-5_12.

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Tenner, Adam, Rudy Feudo, and Elizabeth R. Woods. "Shared Experiences: Three Programs Serving 8 HIV-Positive Youths." In Children and HIV/AIDS, 123–51. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351321006-9.

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Batista, Sharon M., and Jocelyn Soffer. "HIV through the Life Cycle." In Handbook of AIDS Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195372571.003.0007.

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HIV infection can occur at any time in the life cycle from the newborn period, through childhood and adolescence to adulthood, older age. The unique issues and special vulnerabilities involved with each aspect of the life cycle, from family planning to pregnancy and the newborn to older aged person with HIV, are addressed from the biopsychosocial standpoint. While some features of HIV illness are common to any age group, specific challenges arise at various stages of the life cycle, as well as different patterns of transmission, clinical course, and service needs. This chapter will consider such differences at various stages of the life cycle. At the beginning of the AIDS epidemic almost 30 years ago, infected blood products represented a common mode of transmission, with many children diagnosed with HIV infection after receiving transfusions for hemophilia and blood disorders. Because of current practices of screening blood products prior to transfusion, the face of neonatal and early-childhood HIV has changed considerably, to one of children who are infected mostly perinatally through vertical transmission, rather than through exposure to blood products. While the incidence of perinatally acquired infections is decreasing in areas of the world where there is access to HIV care and antiretroviral medication, some transmission of HIV from mother to child remains, both in the United States and throughout the world. In 2007, approximately 79 infants were born with HIV in the United States, compared with 330 in 1994 (CDC, 2007). The primary means of HIV infection of a newborn is vertical transmission during gestation, birth, or breastfeeding of an infant by an HIV-positive mother. It is strongly recommended that all pregnant women be screened for HIV infection as part of routine prenatal care. Such screening is not legally mandatory, however, and may not be performed without the mother’s consent. It is advantageous to obtain HIV testing as early as possible in the course of a pregnancy so that preparation can be made to reduce the risk of transmission to the infant. Without preventive care during gestation or delivery, the risk of transmission from mother to child is 15%–35% (Newell, 1991; Gabiano et al., 1992).
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Scott, Anthony. "Pneumococcal infections." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Christopher P. Conlon, 975–91. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0107.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is an encapsulated Gram-positive bacterium that lives almost exclusively in the human nasopharynx. Each pneumococcus expresses one of more than 90 immunologically distinguishable capsular polysaccharides that are the principal target of systemic human immunity and define its serotype. Pneumococci are transmitted through contact with infected nasal secretions or by airborne dissemination, and most preschool children carry them in their nasopharynx. The risk of acquisition is increased by contact with other children, crowded environments, and cold weather. The incidence of pneumococcal disease is highest in young children and elderly people, and also increased in males, certain indigenous populations, smokers, alcoholics, and patients with chronic medical illnesses or immune susceptibility, including HIV infection, sickle cell disease, and splenectomy.
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Conference papers on the topic "HIV-positive childrenr"

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Lusher, J. M., L. M. Aledort, M. Hiltgartner, J. Mosley, and E. Operskalski. "TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION TO HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS OF PERSONS WITH CONGENITAL HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644679.

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The Transfusion Safety Study is collecting data concerning the transmission of transfusion-acquired infections from patients with congenital hematologic disorders to household members. Of 233 patients for whom information is presently available, 128 (55%) were anti-HIV-positive. The 128 positive patients lived in 123 households with 174 members; 16 contacts were positive by EIA and immunoblot.These data provide further evidence of relatively high risk of HIV infection of sexual contacts. The three anti-HIV-positive children are all infants born to anti-HIV-positive wivesof infected hemophiliacs. Passively acquired antibody has not been excluded for two; the third was positive at ten months of age. Thus, vertical transmission may be a very important mechanism of perpetuating the HIV reservoir.
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Köhler-Vajita, K., L. Grütler, and F. Bidlingmaier. "Immunoglobulins of HIV positive and negative haemophiliac children treated with different concentrates." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644138.

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Aim of this investigation is the quantitative comparison of theimmunoglobulins G, A, M in haemophiliac children treated with different types of factor VIII concentrates.Patients and methodsSince May 1984 22 patients with haemophiliaA were investigated. Instead of the more often analysed parameterof the cellular immunity now we want to draw the attention to the immunoglobuline values, especiallyof the HIV negative group of patients treated exclusively with Haemate HS Behringwerke in comparison with other differently treated HIV positive and negative patients.Results The group of patients treated exclusively with Haemate HS Behringwerke (in solution heatsterilized) shows completely normal immunolobuline levels and a safe HIV negativity.Patients treated with conventional, later with heat treated (inlyophilized form) concentrates can be divided into HIV positive and negative groups. HIV positive heamophiliacs show pathological IgG and border line IgA and IgM values. HIV negative patients have IgG, A levels within the normal limits -but clearly higher than the Haemate group. A correlation withliver enzyme status (hepatitis B, NANB) could not be found.
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Yamini, Yamini, Chetan Mandelia, and Suja Sreedharan. "Otorhinolaryngological Manifestations Among Hiv Positive Children in Coastal Karnataka." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2016. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.141.1_meetingabstract.686.

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Finch, J., L. Benton, P. Winyard, H. Bedford, and V. Palit. "G284(P) A retrospective study investigating malnutrition in hiv positive children in sierra leone." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the Annual Conference, 13–15 March 2018, SEC, Glasgow, Children First – Ethics, Morality and Advocacy in Childhood, The Journal of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-rcpch.276.

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Levine, P. H. "ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND HEMOPHILIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644752.

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Less than 15 years ago the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute surveyed physicians in the United States in order to characterize the demographics of hemophilia. The average age of persons with hemophilia in the United States was found to be 11.5 years old. By 10 years later, the life expectancy was predicted to be normal, and indeed the average age of persons with hemophilia in the U.S. is now in the early twenties. Early, intensive and predictably efficacious control of hemorrhage has made this result possible, and the therapeutic product which has allowed such control is commercial clotting factor concentrate.We now know that starting in 1978, and with great frquency during 1982 and 1983, the majority of U.S. hemophiliacs were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is estimated that as of January, 1987, approximately two thirds of the 20,000' persons with hemophilia in the United States have been infected with HIV. Among those with severe factor VIII deficiency, more than 9056 are seropositive. As of 1/5/87, there were 288 cases of AIDS among U.S. hemophiliacs, for an AIDS rate of approximately 2.256 of those with HIV infection. This number included 185 with severe, 32 with moderate and 28 with mild hemophilia A; 12 with severe, 6 with moderate and 1 with mild hemophilia B; 9 with vWD, and 4 others. A disproportionate number were older patients: 55 were ages 1-19; 62 ages 20-29; 85 ages 30-39, and 86 age 40 or older. Although the AIDS attack rate is no longer climbing logarhythmically, new cases are certainly still occurring.A variety of other HIV-related syndromes have emerged. Of great concern is immune thrombocytopenia, which is now relatively common; among a group of 209 carefully followed HIV-positive patients at our center, 31 (1556) are or have been thrombocytopenic. Progressive failure to normally gain height and weight in children with hemophilia has recently been shown by our group to correlate with HIV antibody positivity, and also with decreased T4/T8 ratio, decreased T4 cell count, decreased skin test reactivity, and subsequent development of ARC or AIDS in some such children. Finally, a picture of progressive fall in T4 count associated with recurrent non-specific infections and increased likelihood of positive viral culture, may predict an increased risk of developing AIDS.We know that the immune dysfunction in hemophilia is complex, and not wholly explained by HIV infection. One important factor may be the many foreign proteins contained in commercial clotting factor concentrates, and their ability to stimulate T cells. It is known that latent HIV infection in cultured T4 lymphocytes can be induced to enter the proliferative, viral secretory phase by the addition of soluble foreign antigens to the cell culture. Recent data of Brettler and colleagues, to be presented at this meeting, suggest that the use of highly purified VI!I:C (specific activity >3000 u/mg) in place of the present extremely impure products, may improve the immune dysfunction in hemophilia. This observation offers a new hypothetical approach to the prevention of progressive T4 cell depletion in HIV infected hemophiliacs, and requires immediate and extensive further study.The psychosocial burden of HIV infection is immense. The need for extensive, formal education and support programs is largely unmet in most parts of the world. Such programs are best run out of hemophilia treatment centers in most cases, and must include an active program on prevention of sexual transmission, provision of HIV testing before and during pregnancies, provision for maintenance of confidentiality, etc. Education concerning HIV is like all other forms of education. It requires formal organization, a curriculum, active rather than passive learning in which there is interaction between the teacher and the pupil, time for planned repetition, reinforcement with written materials, and assessment of goals achieved. For all of these reasons it is inappropriate to assume that the physician at the hemophilia center will be able to provide an adequate education program. Adquate paramedical personnel will need to undertake this effort, under the directjon of the physician.
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Radoc, Jeannie, Gabriella Odudu, and Swathi Padankatti. "P6.07 A telephone triage program for hiv-positive children in resource poor settings: training triage coordinators in chennai, india." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.658.

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Reports on the topic "HIV-positive childrenr"

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Effect of a family-centered model of HIV care on viral suppression and care retention among HIV-positive children in Swaziland. Population Council, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv6.1009.

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